Today there are three types of electric heating boilers on the market: induction, based on heating elements and electrode. Electrode boilers are also called ion or ion exchange boilers, but these are the same devices.
Principle of operation
This equipment differs from other electric boilers in the presence of open electrodes, to which current is supplied from the network (alternating with a frequency of 50 Hz). The electrodes are placed in water of a certain chemical composition. When a potential difference occurs in the electrolyte, which is water, the ions begin to move. Due to the constant change of potentials on the electrodes, the movement of charged particles is chaotic. When ions move, it releases a large number of heat, which heats the coolant (water in this case).
Advantages and disadvantages
Is it convenient to use this type of boiler for heating? I guess, yes. It is especially good in places where the network voltage is unstable: even when the voltage drops to 180 V, the electrode boiler continues to operate. Its power drops, but it continues to work. What else is such a system convenient for: in the presence of competent automation and correct connection The boiler system is autonomous and can maintain the set temperature independently. Another positive point: if for some reason water disappears from the system, the equipment will simply stop working. It won’t burn, won’t deteriorate, but simply won’t work, since water, in this case, is the working medium. Without it, there is no current.
Now about the disadvantages. From the principle of operation of the electrode boiler, their main drawback emerges: they are demanding on the composition of the water. Not just any water is suitable, but with certain characteristics. When starting the system, it is necessary to prepare the coolant according to the recommendations of the boiler manufacturer. Usually this is a few teaspoons of salt or soda per liter of water in the system. That's all. You can also use special liquids that are produced by the same manufacturers. But this is for those who don’t want to bother at all.
On the other hand, by changing the composition of the water, you can “adjust” the power of the boiler to your needs: in principle, you can make it work with both more and less power relative to what is stated in the passport. It is only necessary to change the chemical composition of the coolant-electrolyte. Here it is important not to overdo it, otherwise you can “modify” the composition until the boiler completely and instantly fails. Therefore, stay within the limits specified by the manufacturer (as usual, “from” and “to” are indicated).
Another unpleasant moment. Even more. The current spreads in the water, and the water circulates in the system. And, in principle, it is possible that if you touch the radiator you will receive a considerable electric shock. This implies another indispensable condition safe work when using electrode boilers for water heating: high-quality and reliable separate grounding is required. It will just help avoid such a situation.
Not the most pleasant moment is the need to periodically clean the system and replace the electrodes - they gradually become thinner and the heating efficiency decreases. In that electrode boilers have no advantages over traditional electric boilers with heating elements.
How economical are electrode boilers?
There is constant debate about the energy consumption of electrode boilers. Sellers and manufacturers claim that these boilers are more economical than heating elements. They even name a figure – 30%. Their opponents say that if the boiler is 6 kW, then it will consume 6 kW. No more, no less.
This is true. But owners of operating systems claim that they pay less for heating (some previously had heating elements, and some compare their bills with the bills of friends). Note that negative messages are written only by theorists who advocate the use of good old, well-known heating elements. There is not a single negative review from the owners (5 forums viewed).
There is one conditionally negative one: after 2.5 years of “excellent” operation, the efficiency of the system dropped significantly, and it was only possible to increase it partially, but not sufficiently, through careful preparation of the coolant. At first glance, a significant reduction in the power of the heating unit is possible for two reasons: the electrodes are worn out and need to be changed, or something is wrong with the automation. In any case, you need to contact a specialist service center.
How can an electrode boiler for water heating at home benefit? Due to the low inertia of the system: there are no intermediate carriers, and all the energy is immediately transferred to the coolant. This is important not only during system startup, but also to maintain the set temperature. As soon as the air temperature in the room (for greater comfort you need to monitor this indicator, not the temperature of the coolant) becomes lower, the system turns on. Heating begins instantly, without delays for heating the same heating element.
The situation is the same with the shutdown: the power supply is turned off, the heating stops. And again, there is no inertia, and the temperature remains stable, and there is no excessive wastage of electricity. This is true. But in order for everything to be as described, high-quality automation is necessary, and this, as we know, is not cheap.
Practitioners say that electrode and induction boilers are more suitable for the device than boilers using heating elements. They have more advanced automation and the temperature is maintained more accurately. But modern multi-stage boilers using heating elements can also regulate their power, although this transition is abrupt - turning on/off one or more heating elements gives a power jump. So, if you have to choose, preference for organizing water heated floors can be given to electrode ones. They are also good in this area, but they are much more expensive.
The advantages of using electrode boilers for water heating include their small size, low cost (even in relation to boilers using heating elements) and noiselessness during use (unlike induction boilers, which are sometimes very noisy). But here you need to take into account that in addition to the need for a separate power line, you will also need to build a separate grounding circuit, and this is also a cost.
In general, it is impossible to say unequivocally whether electrode boilers are good or bad. There are some positive aspects, but there are also a fair number of negative ones. Actually, you need to decide in each specific case: as always, when there are several options, the problem of choice arises. But everyone makes their own choice. We are trying to present the situation as fully as possible, but it’s still up to you to decide.
Galan electrode boilers: table of characteristics and reviews
Therefore, it is quite difficult to suspect them of bias, and they persistently promote electrode boilers. They produce flow-type equipment. This is good because the installation of such a unit does not require approval from the boiler inspection department. Another positive point: electrode boilers from this manufacturer can be used in conjunction with another hot water boiler.
Now about the characteristics and prices. The data was taken from the official website, prices there are displayed in rubles, but due to the instability of the situation, we converted them to dollars at the current rate. Therefore, some errors are possible.
| Power consumption/voltage | Room volume m 3 / m 2 | Coolant volume | Price | Dimensions | |||
| Length | Diameter | Weight | |||||
| Galan Hearth 3 | 2 and 3 kW/220 V | 80-120 m 3 /25-40 m 2 | 20-50 l | 67 $ | 275 mm | 35 mm | 0.9 kg |
| Galan Hearth5 | 5 kW/220 V | 200 m 3 /65 m 2 | 30-60 l | 69 $ | 320 mm | 35 mm | 1.05 kg |
| Galan Hearth 6 | 5 and 6 kW/220 V | 250 m 3 /150 m 2 | 35-70 l | 71 $ | 335 mm | 35 mm | 1.1 kg |
| Galan Geyser 9 | 9k W/220 or 380 V | 340 m 3 /110 m 2 | 50-100 l | 130 $ | 360 mm | 130 mm | 5 kg |
| Galan Geyser 15 | 15 kW/380 V | 550 m 3 /180 m 2 | 100-200 l | 136 $ | 410 mm | 130 mm | 5.3 kg |
| Galan Vulcan 25 | 25 kW/380 V | 850 m 3 /285 m 2 | 150-300 l | 142 $ | 450 mm | 130 mm | 5.7 kg |
Important! The table shows the price only for the boiler itself. Automation is also needed, which, depending on the functionality and capabilities, costs from $50 to $150, sensors will be needed (each about $15) and circulation pump.
Of the entire range, mini-electrode heating boilers “Galan Ochag 3” are probably more suitable for heating a dacha. They will also be good for studio apartment. Available in 2 kW and 3 kW capacities. Boilers with a lower power of 1 kW have not yet been found anywhere. Reviews about all Galan electrode boilers are positive. But almost all of them indicate: you need to follow the rules for installing and preparing the system: check the water and bring its composition to the required levels, or fill in a specialized solution produced by the same company. Important role properly selected automation plays. There is an announcement on the manufacturer’s website: “We are not responsible for the operation of boilers with non-recommended automation.”
Galan produces both electrode and heating element boilers
The most reviews come from owners of Galan Geyser 9 boilers. There are no dissatisfied people. Here are some facts that relate to the issue of electricity consumption by these boilers:
- House 135 m2 in Kharkov region. Galan Geyser 15 is heated. During the 2012-2013 heating season, the meter showed 2750 kW.
- Room 120m2 in Dnepropetrovsk region. Galan Ochag 5 installed. The owner says that he “missed the mark” a little - he needs Hearth 6.
- House 150 m2 in Energodar (which is not specified). The cost of “Galan Geyser 15” for the 2013-2014 season in frosts down to -25°C per month on the meter is up to 1300 kW.
The reviews do not indicate the materials from which the house is built, how it is insulated and many other nuances, but certain conclusions can be drawn. Almost every review indicates that you need to monitor what kind of fluid is poured into the system. In one of the messages, a person doing repairs heating systems, went out to respond to a call: the electrode boiler had stopped heating completely. All due to the fact that the system was filled with ordinary, unprepared tap water. After working for a couple of weeks, the boiler stopped heating. After flushing the system and cleaning the electrodes, the coolant temperature still did not rise above 35 o C. The owner bought new electrodes and fluid for these systems, and after installation and repeated flushing, everything works.
In general, it turns out like this: electrode boilers are simple in design, but demanding to operate. Coolant parameters and high-quality automation are important.
This is what an electrode electric boiler looks like.
Such a boiler is also called an ion boiler. This is due to the principle of transformation electrical energy to thermal. The electrode boiler itself is quite small. An electrode electric boiler for heating is installed on a pipe and does not even need to be additionally attached to the walls. He is supported by the American women with whom he is assigned, this is quite enough.
The body of an electrode electric boiler for heating is similar to a piece of pipe, about 40 cm long. A metal rod is screwed into one of the ends. The second end is either sealed, or a pipe for coolant circulation is welded into it. In total, the heater body has two pipes for supply and return. They can be located:
- one at the end, the second perpendicular to the side;
- both in the side part are perpendicular to the body and parallel to each other.
Principle of operation electric boiler heating is that between the cathode (positively charged electrode) and the anode (negatively charged electrode) there is a movement of ions. They, in turn, can also be either positively or negatively charged. In this case, their polarity constantly changes; the same ion changes plus to minus 50 times per second. Because of this, the movement of ions is chaotic, because plus attracts minus, and when a constant change in polarity occurs, the particles, accordingly, change the vector of movement.
As a result of fast, chaotic movements of ions, friction occurs, due to which the coolant for electric heating boilers quickly heats up. The reaction speed is so high that a segment of 40 cm is enough to heat the liquid circulating in the boiler. The cathode is a metal rod to which the phase, that is, plus, is supplied. Zero, also known as minus, is connected to the body, while the rod has no contact with the body except through the coolant. They are isolated from each other. If there is no coolant in the electrode electric heating boiler, the reaction stops.
Disadvantages of this heating method:
- the coolant is under voltage;
- salt preparation of the liquid is required;
- can not use .
Heating of the coolant occurs due to contact of the liquid with electrical charges. Water is the best conductor and, due to its resistance, boils quickly. Therefore, it is necessary to change the composition of the coolant in such a way as to reduce its resistivity. In this case, the operating current level in amperes must be observed. For each heater, the starting and maximum current values are indicated in the technical documentation. To achieve the required current strength, add table salt to the liquid, the same one used in everyday life.
An electrode electric heating boiler works only with specially prepared coolant.
The amount of salt in water must comply with state standard No. 2874–72. In practice, everything happens by measuring current strength. If its value is insufficient, more table salt is added to the liquid, but if the value exceeds acceptable standards, then distilled water is added to the coolant. There are practically no metal and salt impurities in distilled water, while tap water contains a lot of such impurities, especially in water from a well or borehole. The coolant temperature is controlled by special sensors. Upon reaching set temperature they turn off the boiler and turn it on when the water cools down.
Operating principle of an induction electric boiler
Induction heating electric wall-mounted boilers heat the coolant with a magnetic field created by an electric current. Electric heating boiler design:
- sleeve (body);
- insulation;
- coil;
- the core through which the coolant circulates.
The coil in induction electric boilers for home heating is isolated from the liquid, that is, the current does not penetrate the coolant.
The copper winding is connected to the network through the control unit. Due to this, a magnetic field is created inside the coil. It contains the core (roughly speaking, the pipe through which the liquid flows). The magnetic field heats the pipe, which, in turn, gives off heat to the water. The heater body remains cool, as it is protected by a layer of insulation. This method is good because the coolant is not energized, so it will not shock you.
To increase the residence time of the coolant inside the boiler, the core (pipe) is not made straight, but has a labyrinth design, as shown in the figure:
A visual diagram of the design and principle of circulation in an induction boiler.
As you can see, first the liquid enters induction electric boilers for heating a house through the return pipe, goes through several 180-degree turns and tends to exit. In this case, heating begins from the first second of coolant entering the unit. The design of an electric heating boiler does not have any movable elements, scale does not accumulate on the windings, and, in fact, there is nothing to break. Unless the inner walls of the heat exchanger in which the coolant is heated may rust over time. But due to the fact that fairly thick metal is used for production, this process stretches for more than a quarter of a century.
The operating principle of a heating element electric boiler for heating
Tens come in different shapes and sizes, but the principle of operation remains the same.
A wall-mounted electric boiler for heating a private home is cheaper than all its counterparts operating from the network, and replacing the heating element costs mere pennies. Heating water with heating elements is practiced not only in boilers. This method is widely used:
- in boilers;
- in baseboard water heating.
In modern electric heating boilers, the coolant is heated using heating elements. They are completely immersed in liquid and this is a prerequisite for their operation. The fact is that if the heating element does not come into contact with the liquid, it will burn out. Water cools it, taking away heat. If the heating reaches a critical level, the material cannot withstand it and burns out.
The heating element consists of a metal tube bent in any shape. These can be round or oblong spirals with different numbers of turns. Inside the tube there is quartz sand. It is an intermediary between the heating element body and its heating element. All the heating work is done by a thin tungsten filament twisted into a spiral. In essence, there is nothing complicated. Let's summarize how an electric heating boiler with heating elements works:
- current is supplied to the tungsten filament;
- the thread heats up itself and transfers heat to the quartz sand;
- sand conducts heat to the heating element body (metal tube);
- the tube comes into contact with the coolant and heats it.
In this case, voltage should not enter the coolant. If the liquid produces an electric current, this may be the result of a heating element failure, or problems with grounding. Due to the fact that the heating elements are constantly in contact with liquid, and hot liquid at that, scale appears on them. This is where particles of metal, salts and minerals settle, which are found in any water, except distilled water, of course. Therefore, in order for heating element electric boilers to serve longer, it is better to pour distilled water into the circuit. You can buy it or get it yourself.
There are several ways. Can be assembled rainwater or cut the ice on the river with a chainsaw and melt it. IN as a last resort, you can stand with ordinary water so that everything unnecessary settles, and then use a hose to drain a third of the liquid from the bottom. But even if you don’t use distilled water, you shouldn’t worry too much about replacing heating elements. They are inexpensive and you can find them in many places, there are no problems with these.
Another advantage of heating element electric boilers is a wide range of models. There are floor-mounted electric heating boilers and wall models, which can be connected to a 220 and 380 volt network. Some copies are equipped with a switch and are universal. And there is no difference in the design of the 220 and 380 volt heater, it’s all about the sequence of connecting the heating elements. Two independent connection schemes are made in the control unit, and the user selects the one he needs.
The operating principle of all types of electric boilers
Simple control unit with display for an electric boiler.
It is clear that manually controlling the operation of the heater is nonsense, after all, during high technology we live. Therefore, almost all types of electric heating boilers are equipped electronically controlled with a different number of options. The “brains” of the device may not be provided by the manufacturer. Some models have the simplest and most necessary sensors; in expensive devices the number of functions is much wider. What should be in the control unit of all types of electric heating boilers:
- temperature sensor;
- separate fuses;
- time relay;
- load relay;
- two-tariff meter.
It is better to install a temperature sensor to control the air in the room than to control the coolant.
Depending on the temperature outside the window, with the same heating of the coolant, the house will be either warmer or colder. It is more convenient when the room temperature is kept at the same level by increasing or decreasing the heating of the liquid in the circuit.
The load relay will prevent the heater from turning on when the home network is overloaded. For example, when it works washing machine. Thus, the wiring will not be overloaded and will not burn out. To save on electricity bills in houses that are heated by electrical appliances, you need to install double tariff meters.
They calculate how much energy is spent during the day and night, and divide the cost per kilowatt used. Electricity is cheaper at night. The installed time relay will turn on the heater when it is more profitable, that is, at night. While during the day the boiler will work as little as possible.
If serial models of heaters do not suit you in terms of their functions or are too expensive, then you can buy the simplest boiler and assemble the control unit yourself. This is convenient because you can determine for yourself which features you need and which you don’t. In addition, everything can be done in stages, so you don’t need to shell out a decent amount right away.
Electrode (ion) boilers are a type of electric boilers and are intended for use in autonomous heating systems. The main distinguishing feature of this heating equipment is the block of electrodes, which replaced the traditional heating element as a heating element.
This made it possible to eliminate some problems of units on heating elements - fragility of heating elements, low efficiency, difficulty in controlling heating using modern species automation.
Operating principle of an electrode boiler
In heating equipment of this type, water is heated due to ions moving between the electrodes. When the unit is turned on, the coolant ionizes, during which the molecules break up into ions: positive and negative. The resulting ions are directed to the electrodes: negative and positive. This process is carried out with the release of heat, which is transferred to the coolant. Thus, direct heating of the liquid occurs without the participation of “intermediaries”, which are heating elements.
Water, which plays the role of an element of the electrical circuit in heating units, requires special preparation to obtain the required electrical resistance value. Preparation usually involves adding table salt to the water.
The power gain in ionic units occurs gradually. When the coolant is heated, its electrical resistance decreases, the current increases, and the amount of heat increases.
It is possible to connect an electrode boiler in combination with other types of heating equipment: or. If necessary, a diagram can be used for an existing heating system parallel connection two or more electrode units.
The Galan boiler is a product of conversion developments
The heating unit "Galan" is produced according to the standards required for military equipment, since this device is a conversion development of enterprises that produce devices for heating submarines and warships.
The Galan electrode boiler is a cylinder with a diameter of 60 mm and a length of 310 mm. Current is supplied to the unit using concentric tubular electrodes, then transferred to the coolant. The heated coolant is distributed by a circulation flow through pipes and radiators. In heating systems with Galan electrode devices, the circulation pump serves to accelerate the heating of the coolant, and then it can be turned off.
Advantages of the Galan brand ion boiler:
- presence of a built-in sensor for automatic heating control;
- high efficiency – up to 98%;
- low sensitivity to voltage changes;
- low power consumption;
- no need for approval for installation and use with boiler inspection;
- more compact dimensions than heating elements units;
- low cost - from 250-300 dollars.
A special antifreeze “Potok” was developed for these units. Additives to this liquid slow down the formation of scale on the walls of the device and the occurrence of metal corrosion processes.
When installing the electrical part of the heating circuit with your own hands, you must use the “Instructions” of Glavgosenergonadzor dated March 21, 1994, No. 42-6/8-ET.
"EOU" - energy-saving heating systems
"EOU" are flow-type electrode heating installations. They can be used in closed water heating systems intended for heating dachas, cottages, industrial and warehouse premises with an area of 20-2400 m2. EOU are excellent.
Advantages of "EOU":
- economical, efficiency is approximately 98%
- compactness, single-phase modifications have a length of 300 mm and a diameter of 42 mm, three-phase models have a length of 400 mm and a diameter of 108 mm;
- can be mounted in closed system water heating of any type without installing a circulation pump;
- the use of special materials guarantees the longevity of the installation;
- the heating element will not fail if there is no coolant in the installation when power is supplied.
If not available, installing electrode-type boilers is one of the most economical and reliable options for organizing autonomous heating.
The design of this group of equipment is simple and differs little from analogues with heating elements. The main difference is in the form of heating elements. In such boilers, instead of the usual spiral, a block of electrodes is installed in the “flask”, placed in a heat-insulated housing (water boiler tank).
The principle of operation is based on the conversion of the kinetic energy of salt ions dissolved in a liquid into thermal energy; than with higher speed they move, the higher the degree of its heating. It depends not only on the constant change of poles (~U 50 Hz), but also on the regulation of the process by the voltage supplied to the boiler electrodes; By changing its value, the user selects an acceptable coolant temperature at the outlet of the heating installation. The fundamental difference from the operation of a heating element boiler is that water is part electrical diagram; current passes through it.
What does this mean? The electrical resistance of a fluid is directly related to temperature. By raising it, it is possible to achieve a more rational consumption of electricity (75 0C - optimal mode). And the specificity of the process taking place in the boiler tank eliminates heat loss.
Advantages of electrode models
- Large assortment. Select by connection method (1 or 3 phases) and power (in the range of 2–50 kW).
- Project for installing an electrode boiler, unlike gas equipment, not required.
- High efficiency – up to 98%.
- Compactness.
- Inertness to industrial/voltage changes. Its instability does not affect the operation of the installation.
- The inertia of the electrode boiler is zero. All thermal energy is spent on increasing the temperature of the water, and not preheating the heating element.
- Versatility of use. In heating schemes with electrode boilers, water or “anti-freeze” can be used.
- Reliability. The whole device – tank + metal pins; there is nothing to break.
- Ease of installation. An electrode, like any other electric boiler, is not needed; There are practically no restrictions on the installation location.
- Possibility of automation. Although expensive models are initially equipped with everything necessary.
- Electrode boilers are capable of operating in cascade circuits. And this is an increase in power + redundancy.
- It is not necessary to call a specialist for maintenance or replacement of electrodes.
- Affordable prices for equipment.
Minuses
- Requirements for the mode. When the coolant temperature exceeds 75 0C, energy consumption increases. For heating systems with a large extent, it is difficult to choose a boiler of appropriate power. Reasons: limited supply of energy resources for the private sector, increased load on the line.
- Sensitivity to fluid quality. As on the heating element, salt formations are gradually deposited on the electrodes; Regular cleaning is required.
- Steady decrease in power. Associated with the natural “thinning” of the electrodes. They need to be changed regularly, like heating elements in traditional models.
- Reliable grounding. It is difficult to organize in an apartment, but this is a prerequisite for installing equipment. The current in the tank passes through the coolant, and when operating an ungrounded electrode boiler, the user runs the risk of feeling a shock even when lightly touching the heating radiator.
- One of the conditions for economical operation is high-quality automation. And it is expensive.
As a disadvantage, a number of sources indicate that electrode boilers are connected only to an alternating voltage network; at U= ionization of the coolant occurs. Every good owner has a backup unit (diesel or gasoline), which means this minus is irrelevant.
Note. To increase the efficiency of an electrode boiler, you need to properly prepare the coolant, achieving optimal current resistivity. Substances available in every home are used (for example, baking soda) and distilled water. But not all drugs are suitable for this; some initiate metal corrosion. It is also necessary to correctly determine the concentration of the “solution”, otherwise the power of the heating installation will sharply decrease. It is better not to practice without consulting a professional!
Natural gas is by far the cheapest source of energy for heating a home today. And where it is installed, or where the installation of a network is planned in the near future, the owners of private houses in the overwhelming majority of cases give preference to it. But we have to admit that universal gasification of housing is still far away, and many homeowners, willy-nilly, have to look for alternative sources. In regions rich in timber or coal, it becomes a solution, although in terms of ease of use it cannot compete with gas. Diesel fuel boilers are expensive, and diesel fuel cannot be called cheap.
Therefore, many home owners are increasingly looking away electric heating. Indeed, it is simply impossible to imagine a populated area without electricity in our time. That is, this source, in principle, is publicly available, installation of electrical equipment and does not require tedious conciliation procedures with regulatory organizations. Electric boilers themselves, as a rule, are compact, easy to install and operate, and the heating system becomes easily controllable, amenable to very fine settings.
The whole problem is the rather high cost of electricity. And potential owners begin searching for the most cost-effective equipment, considering various options. For example, an electrode boiler for heating a private home is of great interest - almost “magical qualities” are attributed to equipment of this type. But is it worth believing everything? Let's take a closer look at this type of electric heat generators.
What is an electrode boiler?
First of all, it is necessary to gain an understanding of the principles on which this type of work is based, and to understand their structure.
What is the operation of an electrode boiler based on?
The principle of operation of an electrode boiler is perfectly demonstrated by an example that many of us have probably seen with our own eyes, and many even practiced during their student or army youth. There simply wasn’t that variety of electric kettles or other boilers, but I wanted to drink hot tea in the evening in a dorm or barracks. And all heating household appliances were banned - this was tirelessly monitored by the commandants and their assistants.
There was a way out - from two blades, several matches and a piece of cable with a plug, a mini-boiler was assembled within a few minutes, which very quickly heated a glass or can of water to the boiling stage. And then such a “device” could be disassembled or simply hidden - it took up little space.
A short story about the “student boiler” is given solely as an example, and should not encourage the reader to conduct similar, very unsafe experiments. And there doesn’t seem to be much point in this now - inexpensive industrial-made appliances are quite sufficient for heating water.
An example is an example, but you should also understand what contributes to the rapid heating of water in the area of \u200b\u200belectrodes immersed in it at a short distance. And everything is explained by the well-known physical phenomenon of electrolysis. When connected DC voltage to electrodes immersed in an electrolytic liquid medium, due to redox processes, the solution ionizes and an electric current begins to pass. Positively charged ions are directed towards the cathode, negatively charged - towards the anode.
The phenomenon of electrolysis underlies the operating principle of an electrode boiler. But with significant caveats... The water that we use in Everyday life, is far from the well-known “pure” formula H₂O - in fact, it is an aqueous solution of various salts in varying concentrations. This largely depends on the quality of the source and the water treatment systems used. That is, it is a completely electrolytic solution, which, in principle, explains its conductive qualities.
But so far we have been talking about direct current. What happens if you apply alternating voltage to the electrodes? And exactly that the anode and cathode will change places 50 times within one second (our accepted frequency alternating current- 50 Hz). Accordingly, the ions change the direction of their movement with the same periodicity. Imagine this “pandemonium” and the constantly changing counter-movement in a dense water environment... Due to the high resistance of the environment encountered by these charged particles, the kinetic energy of their movement is converted into thermal energy, which causes a very rapid heating of the solution.
In the technical literature, electrolytic conductors, which include undistilled water, are usually called conductors of the second kind. But the heating of this liquid medium is considered primary - there is no “intermediate link”. Just for comparison - in other electric heaters, thermal energy is transferred to water or from the surface of the heating element, or, as in induction boilers – from the device body. That is, the liquid plays a passive role as a heat carrier - this is secondary heating. In the circuit we are considering, the electrolyte itself, located in the zone between the alternating current electrodes immersed in it, is directly heated.
As you can see, the name of the boiler itself already to a large extent includes the principle of its operation. By the way, you can also find other names. In particular, such devices are often called “ionic”. There’s probably no need to explain why. But it still makes sense to make a small remark.
The fact is that some manufacturers, quite understandably trying to somehow distinguish their devices, are trying to make some kind of distinction between electrodes and ion boilers. They explain that their ionic models are equipped with a special electronic system that monitors the degree of ionization of the solution. That is, adjustment of the operating mode of the equipment occurs already at the level of quantitative and qualitative changes in the ionized environment.
We do not undertake to judge categorically the reliability of these statements or about operational the significance of such systems. But, to be honest, this distinction looks more like some kind of marketing technique. Indeed, in any case, the boiler cannot do without a control unit, and the process of ionization of the coolant largely depends on the balance of its chemical composition. So in the future we will assume that all information considered in the article, in equal This applies to both ion and electrode boilers, and the differences are only in terminology.
But those who, for unknown reasons, call such boilers “cathode” (or “anode” - it doesn’t matter) are making a fundamental mistake. The reason is already clear from the above - in the mode direct current no significant increase in the temperature of the electrolyte is observed, and the heating device becomes fundamentally impossible.
Prices for electrode heating boiler
electrode boiler
Installation of electrode heating boilers
As we have already seen, the operating principle of an electrode boiler is simple and clear. This explains the relative simplicity of its design. And despite the fairly wide variety of models, including in size and power, the vast majority of them are very similar in structure and even in layout.
Classic shape electrode boiler - a cylinder inside which electrodes are placed. But their number may vary, depending on what type of network provides power to the heating device.
In boilers operating from a single-phase 220 volt network, there is only one electrode, and it is located in the center of the cylinder. The role of the second electrode in this case is taken by the cylinder walls themselves. Although, there are single-phase models with two electrodes separated by the required distance, and with a completely insulated housing.
Schematically most common models of single-phase boilers with a central location of the electrode can be depicted something like this:
The metal cylindrical body (item 1) in this case plays the role of one of the electrodes. Accordingly, it is provided with a terminal for connecting the neutral wire (item 2 ).
The cylinder is closed at one end with a sealed plug (item 3), which at the same time serves as a platform for placing the second electrode strictly in the center (item 4). Outside there is a terminal for connecting the phase wire (item 5).
The coolant is supplied to the cylinder cavity through the inlet pipe (item 6), which for most models is located on the side, closer to the electrode block. To exit the heated coolant, there is a second pipe (item 7), usually at the end of the cylinder opposite the electrodes. On both pipes there is a threaded section for the plumbing connection of the boiler with the heating circuit.
Some models, in addition, are enclosed in an additional housing-casing (item 8), which increases the degree of safety of operation of the device. It is mandatory to provide a connection terminal to the ground loop (pos. 9). Typically, the housing or outer casing is coated special protective polyamide composition with good dielectric characteristics.
When the heating system is operating, the circulation pump ensures the creation of a coolant flow through the working cylinder of the boiler. Passing in the space between the electrodes, the liquid heats up due to physical processes discussed above, and goes to the heat exchange devices of the heating system - radiators, convectors, etc.
If it is necessary to achieve high power levels (usually more than 9÷11 kW), they resort to the use of three-phase electrode boilers. Their design differs only in the number and location of electrodes.
In this case, three electrodes are involved in the work, located on the dielectric pad of the end plug at the vertices of an equilateral triangle. Each of them is connected to its own phase, which provides a significantly higher voltage, and therefore the output power of the device. And the terminal on the housing is intended for connection to the ground loop.
Electrodes to a certain extent can be attributed to consumables. More precisely, this is a removable part that can be replaced in case of failure or excessive wear. Of course, in principle, there is nothing to break there, but with prolonged use, corrosion can still do its dirty work.
But the size of electrode boilers can vary very significantly. The smallest of them easily fit in the palm of your hand, and at the same time are capable of providing effective heating, for example, on a separate radiator for heating a specific room.
Powerful three-phase models are, of course, larger in size, but also not excessively bulky. And they often do this - so that the electric boiler room provides the necessary thermal power during the most unfavorable (cold) period of winter, a whole battery of parallel-connected electrode boilers is installed. With this approach, you can always react flexibly to changing weather conditions - start or, conversely, turn off the required number of boilers. That is, in such a way that heating is provided that is adequate to the current temperatures outside, and at the same time the equipment operates in optimal mode, and not at the limits of its capabilities.
As can be seen from the boiler design itself, there are no control devices provided on it. This means that an external unit is needed that will supply power voltage to the terminals in a certain mode. The degree of sophistication of these external control modules can vary.
- The simplest ones require only the presence of one temperature sensor, which is traditionally installed in front of the inlet pipe. That is, when the temperature in the return pipe heating circuit reaches the planned level, the control unit will turn off the boiler. And, accordingly, vice versa.
- More accurate and providing a more flexible and “gentle” operating mode of the equipment is a system with two temperature sensors installed both on the supply pipe and on the “return” of the heating circuit. The automation analyzes these current values and sends control signals to turn the electrodes on or off depending on the set range (hysteresis).
Prices for heating boilers
boiler
More are produced complex systems designed to achieve the highest possible comfortable conditions with minimal energy consumption. Very often these are the blocks that become the main distinctive feature series of equipment from different manufacturers (as we have seen, the design of the boilers themselves does not make a fundamental difference). Of course, this has a very serious impact on the cost of the kit. Such modules also take into account current weather conditions ( weather-sensitive automation), an optimal operating algorithm is developed, and control is not limited to just turning on or turning on the electrodes - changes are also possible in the parameters of the incoming supply current.
The approach used is that the boiler is a separate product unit, and control units compatible with it are offered to the consumer in an assortment - he can choose the most suitable one, assessing both its operational capabilities and affordability.
Advantages and disadvantages of electrode boilers - where is the truth and where are the “myths and legends”?
Probably no other type of heating equipment powered by electricity causes such fierce controversy. Electrode boilers, as already mentioned, are credited with almost ideal qualities, and they are also scolded until they are hoarse.
Where is the truth? And as usual – somewhere in the middle.
There cannot be an ideal, of course, and there shouldn’t be, by and large - otherwise there will simply be nothing to strive for. And along with a lot of undeniable advantages, electrode boilers have a whole “bouquet” of obvious disadvantages. So let's go through both without haste.
Common opinions about the merits of electrode boilers
So, we consider those features that are attributed to the obvious advantages of equipment of this type, and we carefully examine each point.
- Such boilers are famous for their compact size when compared with others of similar power ratings.
You can’t argue – indeed, this is a clear advantage, predetermined by the simplicity of the design of the device itself. While boilers with heating elements can still compete to a certain extent, induction boilers are bulky and heavy.
- Continuing the topic, compact electrode heaters can be installed as backup or additional sources of heating the coolant.
Yes, and this is practiced quite widely. The backup electrode boiler does not take up much space and can be installed both in the boiler room and directly in the heated room. That is, the owners are given the opportunity to independently decide which mode of operation of the heating system is more profitable for them to use at the moment.
For example, you can program the operation of an electric boiler in such a way that during the preferential night tariff the generated heat is accumulated in a storage tank (buffer tank). An electrode boiler mounted parallel to the main one can help, if necessary, carrying out repair or maintenance work. And sometimes “joint efforts” are required - and this is also not difficult to organize.
- Installation of an electrode boiler will not require project approval. There is no need to organize complex chimney systems and forced ventilation.
This is of course true. But such obvious dignity characteristic of any electrical heating equipment, and the use of electrode boilers does not provide any advantages in this regard.
- Such equipment is safe in case of depressurization of the heating system - it is not in danger of overheating.
Really, from this point of view The safety of electrode boilers is guaranteed by the very principle of their operation. Lack of water in the working cylinder "automatically" implies an open circuit and no conductivity between the electrodes. That is, such a scheme cannot work “dry” a priori.
- Electrode boilers are one and a half to two times more economical, their power indicators with equal energy consumption are much higher - due to direct heating and extremely high efficiency, tending to 100%.
So, let’s say right away that this was a statement, and not at all a statement of fact. Because such an “advantage” can and should be argued against.
Let's start with efficiency. All modern electric heaters This characteristic is characterized by a high value - almost the entire energy potential of the current is converted into thermal energy. As for direct heating, it’s worth thinking about it this way.
Indeed, with direct heating there is no “intermediate link”. In fact, when operating a heating element or an induction boiler, the body is first heated, and only then the heat is transferred from it to the liquid medium. But this heat is still not wasted, and it will, one way or another, be transferred “to its intended purpose.” That is, no losses are expected, and to say that because of this the efficiency decreases is naive.
Another thing is the heating rate. In this regard, the electrode boiler can win. But this is only for initial stage work. And when you reach the optimal mode, there are no longer any advantages. Due to more pronounced inertia, a boiler with a heating element or an induction one will “catch up” with an electrode one, and the total performance indicator is unlikely to differ in any significant way.
Another “fairy tale” from the same category is that energy consumption with equal thermal output is lower for an electrode boiler. In other words, a model with a lower power can heat a larger room.
If we take this seriously, then we have to agree that the manufacturers of this “miracle technology” have found a way to circumvent the law of conservation of energy, or have found some source that provides an influx of energy from the outside. It is clear that neither one nor the other is completely impossible. So you should give up hopes for “magical efficiency” right away.
On the scale of one or two hours of work, such a deceptive effect can and will be noticeable, but one needs to think in more meaningful categories. We assure you that even on the scale of one day of operation of the heating system in normal mode, no gain will be felt.
And the amount of heat required to heat the premises does not depend at all on a specific method for converting it from electrical energy.
By the way, it is not so dependent on the area of heated rooms. More precisely, there is certainly a dependence, but it must also take into account a whole list of other important criteria, from the climatic specifics of the region of residence to the characteristics of the building and specific premises. And since this article, presumably, is read by a person interested in purchasing a boiler, he should know how to make such a calculation of the required power.
We will help with this too - now we will continue to consider the advantages and disadvantages of electrode boilers, but in the appendix to the article you will find a description of the calculation algorithm with the application of a convenient and accurate online calculator.
- The next “plus” attributed to electrode boilers is that heating occurs so quickly that a high difference in the density of the coolant at the inlet and outlet is created. And this allows you to do without a circulation pump - they say, another argument in favor of the efficiency of the electrode boiler.
Objections arise.
Firstly, any boiler can be used without forced circulation- but this is due to the design features of the heating circuit itself.
Secondly, the stage of rapid heating is typical only for the start-up period of the system. And it is launched, ideally, once a year, at the start heating season. After any electric (and not only electric) boiler reaches its rated power, and with a properly configured control system, the difference in return and supply temperatures becomes stable, and the electrode device will not have any advantages in this regard.
Prices for circulation pumps
circulation pump
In addition, a system with natural coolant circulation becomes less productive and more difficult to configure and automate control. Part of the energy is spent practically in vain - to ensure natural circulation of the coolant through the pipes. And in the case of electric boilers, this becomes an unaffordable luxury. The consumption of the pump itself is significantly less than such losses. So there’s no point in speculating too much - install a circulation pump, and you’ll benefit.
- Electrode boilers are not afraid of voltage surges in the power supply network.
Yes, they really aren't afraid, but it's in equally applies to both boilers with heating elements and induction ones. The voltage drop will only reduce the heater power at the moment, and exceeding (within reasonable limits, of course) is usually not scary for them due to the built-in safety margin. What is the advantage of the electrode?
In addition, voltage surges pose a serious threat not to the boilers themselves, but to the control units, the electronics of which may be sensitive to such surges. So the electrode boiler does not eliminate the need to stabilize the voltage supplied to the boiler equipment (at least to its control modules).
Do you want stability in the operation of your heating system? – Buy a voltage stabilizer for the boiler!
There are several varieties of such devices. Which model to choose, what criteria to evaluate, how to calculate the required current-voltage characteristic - all this is discussed in the article dedicated to.
- Another thesis is that the electrode boiler is characterized by very low thermal inertia, which expands the possibilities for very precise adjustment of the heating system.
Oh, isn't it the other way around? It seems that this property, in combination with a simple control system, can lead to too frequent starts and stops of the equipment. Agree, there is little benefit in this. In addition, the inertia of the system depends not only, and even not so much on the characteristics of the boiler, but on the characteristics of the heat exchange devices installed in the circuit.
As for the ease of adjustment and control, everything here is exactly the opposite. The catch is that the conductivity of electrolytes (including water) is very dependent on temperature. Moreover, this dependence is very complex and nonlinear. So, controlling, for example, a boiler with a heating element or an induction one is much easier.
- The use of electrode boilers is not accompanied by damage to the environment.
Good quality, but why attribute it only to electrode ones? Yes, any boiler that uses electricity does not produce harmful emissions into the atmosphere or toxic combustion products that are hazardous to the health of those living in the house.
And, by the way, for that matter, in this regard, it is electrode boilers that are the least successful among all other electric boilers. To operate such systems, special coolants with a verified chemical composition are often used, which may well include not entirely “favorable” compounds. There are even special recycling rules coolants that have exhausted their service life, with a categorical ban on their direct pouring onto the ground or into sewers.
- A particular advantage is the affordable cost of electrode boilers compared to other electric “brothers”.
Is it so clear? No, if you look at it.
Yes, the boiler itself, due to its simple design, is usually not particularly expensive. But let's add to this the cost of a control unit with temperature sensors, a circulation pump, an expansion tank, and safety group devices. And only after this we compare the result obtained with the price of an electric boiler with a heating element, the design of which has all these necessary elements are already provided. Predicting the “winner” is quite difficult.
Buying only a “naked” boiler is a completely pointless and even very dangerous idea. Installing a powerful “boiler” without taking care of thermostatic control and safety means dooming yourself to crazy waste and living in constant fear that sooner or later it will “explode”.
Are the noted disadvantages of electrode boilers really that serious?
Now let's move on to considering the disadvantages of electrode-type boilers. Honestly, there are so many of them attributed to them, and so serious, that without a thoughtful approach, many consumers can develop a clearly negative attitude, which will immediately turn them away from such a purchase. But is everything so fair, and if it is fair, is it so scary?
- Not every heating system allows the installation of an electrode boiler - much depends on the type of radiators used or planned for installation.
This is true. The catch is that corrosion processes, which cannot be excluded in any way in steel or cast iron radiators, can seriously change the chemical composition of the coolant. For other boilers this is not important, but for electrode ones it is extremely important.
Cast iron batteries are incompatible for another important reason. They are extremely heat-intensive and voluminous, and have a markedly high thermal inertia. And in combination with the features of the electrode boiler, it becomes very likely that the equipment will have to work practically without pauses. That is, operating the system will become extremely costly, without any benefits in terms of improving comfort.
Unsuitable in conjunction with an electrode boiler and aluminum radiators made from recycled metal (recycling of aluminum scrap). They are much cheaper, but secondary aluminum often contains foreign impurities, which can lead to internal corrosion and disruption of the optimal chemical composition of the coolant.
What remains in the end? Or bimetallic radiators, or high quality aluminum.
- It immediately makes sense to dwell on the second important drawback - the coolant in a heating system with an electrode boiler will have to be treated in a special way.
Judge for yourself - in conventional heating systems, the main requirements are limited to high heat capacity and, if necessary, resistance to low temperatures (antifreeze). This also plays a role whole line criteria. These include an optimal chemical composition for ionization and a balanced resistance, since a lack of conductivity can lead to the fact that the current will not flow through the liquid medium at all. Therefore, no heating will occur.
Independently selecting a balanced composition of the coolant for optimal efficiency of the heating system is a very difficult task. Moreover, the results may not be obvious, that is, the boiler seems to be working as it should, but at the end of the month or season, a completely abnormal excess of energy is revealed. That is, for the banal reason of insufficient quality of the coolant, all the main advantages of the electrode boiler will completely “evaporate”.
Many manufacturers of such equipment also sell coolants or special additives for water. And it all costs quite a lot. Moreover, ignoring the rules for using the coolant of the specified brand may well become a reason for terminating the warranty on the equipment.
The situation is aggravated by the fact that any coolant-electrolyte eventually wastes its qualities and requires replacement. This also needs to be monitored, that is, inviting a specialist, each visit of which results in additional costs. Yes, plus the cost of a new volume of coolant...
In a word - there is something to think about.
- The next feature, also related to the coolant, is that if it is installed, then the heating system should only be closed, that is, with a seal expansion tank membrane type. And this automatically implies the presence of a “security group” - safety valve and automatic air vent.
This can be explained simply - the possibility of evaporation of the expensive coolant and the resulting possible change in the concentration of salts contained in it, which provide the required level of ionization, should be excluded.
Prices for expansion tanks
expansion tank
However, systems with an open expansion tank are already considered “yesterday”. Installing a small expansion tank becomes much more convenient and compact.
- There is another “disadvantage” attributed to the electrode boiler due to the peculiarity of the coolant. So, it is not recommended to fence hot water from the system for household needs.
I don’t know, but personally, as the owner of a private house, it is difficult for me to imagine a situation that would force me to use water from radiators (although I have a regular gas boiler). There are many other heating methods. Therefore, attributing this to the disadvantages of an electrode boiler can only be a very big stretch.
- There is a heating threshold in systems with electrode boilers - the temperature should not exceed 75 degrees.
This is true. The fact is that at higher temperatures the conductive characteristics of the coolant-electrolyte change sharply. And this causes completely unnecessary energy consumption, and, not accompanied by adequate thermal output. The work simply becomes extremely uneconomical.
Yes, this is a drawback. But in truth speaking, 75 degrees is usually enough to ensure the proper level of heating in a private house.
- Electrode boilers are devices with an increased level of danger of electric shock. The presence of grounding is a prerequisite for them.
The first statement is from the category of “legends”, unsubstantiated. Exactly the same claims can be made to other electric boilers, boilers, ovens, stoves, kettles, after all. Let's take it out of brackets homemade boilers– the level of their safety is up to the manufacturers. But all factory-made devices, without exception, have passed the necessary tests and have the appropriate certification. That is, subject to installation requirements and operating rules (nothing, by the way, in particular unremarkable), they do not pose any “supernatural” threat.
About grounding. Yes, the requirement is mandatory. An RCD or a difavtomat will not help in a particular case - there will almost certainly be private unauthorized activations of the protection. This means that there is no way to do without reliable grounding.
But this can also hardly be considered a disadvantage - read the instructions for any powerful household electrical appliances, and make sure that the rule applies to most of them. That is, the electrode boiler in this regard is by no means a “black sheep”. And since our article deals specifically with private houses, then any owner should be interested in issues of high-quality grounding, regardless of what kind of heating equipment he has.
Reliable grounding is an important safety issue
The owner of a private house, which does not yet have a grounding loop, is simply obliged to put everything aside one day and take a closer look at this issue. Moreover, it is not so difficult, it does not require much time and money. More details about the organization can be found in a special article on our portal.
- Electrodes in boilers of this type require frequent replacement.
Doesn't seem real. There are many examples where they serve without fail for many years. It’s another matter if such an opinion was expressed by those owners who did not care about the quality of the coolant. Then a layer of scale may actually appear, significantly reducing the efficiency of the boiler.
On the other hand, any electric heating device requires periodic replacement of the “working” element. And the boiler we are considering is no exception. But both the cost of the electrodes and the simple process of replacing them are unlikely to deserve such close attention as to classify this as a significant disadvantage.
- Electrode boilers are very difficult to install and debug the system.
Contradictory statement. The boilers are very compact, and installation with piping does not cause any difficulties for craftsmen familiar with plumbing work. Doesn't hide any "pitfalls" and supplying the power line with the required power.
But as for debugging, there is a significant amount of truth in this. And this has already been mentioned above - the main problem lies in assessing the optimal chemical composition of the coolant and the associated operating efficiency of the system as a whole. When preparing a solution and setting it “by eye”, it is quite possible to make a serious mistake, which will then result in considerable financial losses. This requires experience and special diagnostic equipment. That is, most likely, you cannot do without inviting a professional.
Let's finish with questions about the advantages and disadvantages. Presumably, thanks to this section of the article, the reader formed a definite opinion about electrode boilers. And if the prospect of its acquisition looks justified, then you can briefly get acquainted with the market assumptions.
The most popular models presented on the Russian market
Despite the conflicting opinions about this equipment, electrode boilers are quite popular. Accordingly, the range of models offered for sale is growing.
And here it would be appropriate to make a very pleasant remark that electrode boilers are exactly the case when there is no special need to initially look closely at imported samples. On the contrary, judging by the reviews, high-quality domestic equipment occupies a leading position in this area.
There are already many companies that have mastered the production of such heating boilers, but we will focus on the most popular and reputable manufacturers.
Prices for electrode boilers "Galan"
electrode boiler "Galan"
Galan electrode boilers
The Moscow company Galan, without any exaggeration, can be called a pioneer in the production of boilers with this operating principle. Moreover not in a local sense, but on a larger scale.
It began supplying the first electrode boilers for sale back in 1990. A number of indirect signs allow us to assume with a high degree of confidence that mass production was based on a conversion development that came from the defense industry. Boilers of this type, in particular, were widely used to heat water on military submarines.
Three series of electrode boilers are produced under the Galan brand
- The most compact boilers are the Galan-Ochag series boilers. They are presented in three models of different power - 3, 5 and 6 kW. They operate from a single-phase power supply.
- "Galan-Geyser" is a series of medium power, perfect for heating systems of average private country houses . The boiler can have a power of 9 kW (two modifications are possible - for single-phase or three-phase network), or 15 kW – three-phase only.
- Finally, larger mansions may require a larger boiler. This is the Galan-Vulcan series, three-phase boilers with a capacity of 25 and 50 kW.
In addition to boilers, the company's range includes all the necessary monitoring and control devices for the heating system. In particular, for middle-class devices, a “Navigator” control unit of varying degrees of complexity is recommended. But this is not the only option: there may be a more “sophisticated” configuration, especially since the manufacturer is constantly working to improve this control equipment.
You can find out more about the range of products and prices from the manufacturer on the very informative website of the Galan company. But when choosing a boiler model, do not forget to immediately evaluate the cost of the necessary monitoring and control devices.
Video: Presentation video about Galan products
Electrode boilers "EOU"
This is also a Russian company, and the “mysterious” abbreviation stands for the capacious full name “Energy-saving heating installations.” The products are in fairly wide demand, and not only within Russia - they are also successfully exported to a number of foreign countries.
EOU boilers are available in two standard sizes - for single-phase and three-phase networks.
Single-phase models can have a power from 2 to 12 kW (graded by 1 kW). But the power of three-phase models can even reach 120 kW. But at the same time, the sizes of the models in each of the lines do not change.
The boilers are considered very reliable - this is evidenced by the manufacturer’s ten-year warranty. In general, the declared service life, subject to operating rules, is at least 30 years.
At the same time, prices for EOU electrode boilers are quite moderate. The cost of the control panels required for operation in the basic configuration is also not amazing.
Boilers brand "Beryl"
This is a Latvian company that produces a fairly popular brand of electrode boilers and the equipment necessary for their operation.
The boilers themselves are represented by two lines of models - single-phase and three-phase. Their dimensions are shown in the illustration below:
Single-phase models can have power from 2 to 9 kW. Three-phase power reaches 33 kW.
There is an interesting feature - unlike most of their “brothers”, Beryl electrode boilers have a switching unit on top. It seems like a small thing, but all work on prevention, connection, or, say, replacing electrodes is much easier to carry out with this arrangement.
The consumer is offered a very wide range of heating monitoring and control equipment - from simple units with manual adjustment to modern electronic fully automated systems that allow you to choose most optimal operating mode depending on changes in current external conditions. To the point that some control modules are equipped with triac units, which are capable of not only assessing conditions in real time, but also predicting their changes, making adjustments to the boiler operating mode, which gives a significant saving effect.
By the way, it was mentioned above in the text that sometimes emphasis is placed on the fact that the boilers are not just electrode, but ionic. Here this is just that case. Some models of Beryl control units, according to the developers, monitor the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the created ionic environment in order to develop appropriate adjustments to the current operating mode of the boiler.
There are other brands that are in quite high demand. For example, “Gradient” (Russia), “STAFOR” (Latvia), “Forsazh” (Ukraine) and others. It’s difficult to talk about them all in detail, so the article mentioned those that, as they say, are “more widely known.”
APPENDIX: How to calculate the required thermal power for a heating system?
Numerous recommendations that when calculating power are based on a ratio of 1 kW per 10 m², are still not correct. Agree that this approach does not take into account a lot of important criteria - from the climatic characteristics of the region of residence to the specifics of both the building itself and each of its premises separately.
Therefore, we suggest using a different calculation algorithm. It is based on an assessment of the characteristics of each room, that is, the result is obtained specifically for a specific room. Well, then it will not be difficult to sum up the obtained values in order to obtain the final power required to heat the entire house or apartment.
The easiest way is to arm yourself with a plan of your residential property, draw up a table in which you list, line by line, all the rooms that will be heated. And the calculation itself for each room will not take much time if you use our calculator.
As you work with the calculator, usually no questions arise. But if any ambiguities arise, below are brief explanations of the calculation algorithm.
