All material presented below has been specially edited for a wide range of readers. Without abstruse formulas, so that anyone can understand what the author wanted to say. Perhaps in the future a special paid site will be created for a narrow circle of readers, where it will be possible to discuss and discuss new experiments and methods for calculating biologically closed systems.

General form experimental setup:

Closed system	Recirculating water installation	Siberian sturgeon and coconut palm - brothers forever!	Sturgeon fry. Weight 50-100 grams

Every day sweet strawberry for tea! You can’t tell by the taste that it was grown hydroponically	This is our salad! Not a gram of mineral fertilizers. As soon as we weigh it, we’ll eat it right away and won’t give it to anyone.	The 400 W backlight is visible from above

One of the many water testing reports	Analysis of water as a nutrient solution for plants. Comparison with traditional solutions used for hydroponics	Using water from sturgeons to water plants in a greenhouse

Sturgeon + Strawberry = CLOSED BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM

All material presented below has been specially edited for a wide range of readers. Without abstruse formulas, so that anyone can understand what the author wanted to say. Perhaps in the future a special paid site will be created for a narrow circle of readers, where it will be possible to discuss and discuss new experiments and methods for calculating biologically closed systems.

General view of the experimental setup:
in a white plastic pool lived a hundred Siberian sturgeon ("Lensky" sturgeon), on the left was located hydroponic setup(with fluctuating water level) for growing salads, strawberries or tomatoes, on the right is a filter system and a cylinder with compressed oxygen;

The sand filter used plastic granules instead of sand, the main purpose of which was to be able to colonize them with nitrifying bacteria, as well as to retain suspended particles, undissolved in water, larger than 100 microns in size. This modified filter is both a biofilter and a mechanical filter. To avoid the formation of stagnant zones (anaerobic) and clogging of the biofilter, the filter was often backwashed;

The washing water was settled and the solid sludge was used for compost;

An alarm system was installed that called the main developer's cell phone (the system was assembled from a burglar alarm and was therefore inexpensive). Three sensors are connected to the input relays: the presence of electricity in the office, the oxygen concentration in the water and the water level in the fish pool. The main goal of the experiment is to test the accuracy of a mathematical model that describes a closed ecosystem based on nutrients.

Developed and assembled the installation Krasnoborodko V.V.

Before the start of the experiment, water parameters were selected that needed to be maintained during the experiment:

For sturgeon:
- maximum ammonia concentration, mg/l;
- maximum concentration of total ammonium (was calculated knowing the pH and temperature of the water), mg/l;
- maximum nitrite concentration, mg/l;
- maximum nitrate concentration, mg/l;
- maximum concentration of undissolved suspended particles, mg/l;
- maximum concentration of carbon dioxide, mg/l;
- minimum oxygen concentration, mg/l;
- water temperature, C;
- pH range of water (taking into account the needs of plants);
- range of water alkalinity (calculated taking into account the dependence on pH and CO2), mg/l as CaCO3;
- range of water hardness, mg/l as CaCO3.

For strawberries:
- maximum concentration of dissolved substances, mg/l;
- optimal concentrations of macro and microelements: Ca, Mg, K, N (as NO3), P (as PO4), S (as SO4), Cl, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, Mo.

To adjust the pH of the water, the following were used: KOH, CaO, Ca(OH)2 (as is known, fish waste products lower the pH, and plants, on the contrary, increase it. But in this case, oxidative processes dominated).

As a result of this experiment, a large amount of experimental material was accumulated, including: the dynamics of the main nutrients (NO3, PO4, SO4, K, Ca and Mg) supplied with fish food and accumulated in fish, plants and solid waste. As a result of this experiment, the water was not poured out anywhere, but was reused. Water losses consisted only of evaporation. pH adjustment was carried out twice a day (especially at the end of the experiment, when the sturgeon biomass increased significantly), while microelements were adjusted once a week. Macronutrients were not added, because. came with the fish food, except for potassium and calcium, which were added in the form of hydroxides depending on what was missing.

At the end of the experiment, the mathematical model of the behavior of such a biosystem was brought to perfection. Even without expensive tests, it was possible to accurately predict the current concentrations of macroelements in water, the amount of hydroxides necessary to adjust the pH of the water, as well as some microelements.

The operation of such closed systems (with circulating water supply) requires the presence of a trained operator for 24 hours. This is important for the rapid elimination of breakdowns in the life support system of fish. If the fish stocking density is high (the author increased it to 400 kg/m3), in order to achieve maximum yield and reduce space heating costs, then the likelihood of failure of the components of your installation increases. For example, if you stop supplying fish with oxygen, you risk losing your entire fish population in 20 minutes!

Operating a system in which fish and crops are grown together is a very complex undertaking, requiring knowledge from three seemingly completely different areas of science. These are aquaculture (fish farming), hydroponics (greenhouse farming) and microbiology (cultivation of bacteria in a biofilter). Animals, plants and bacteria are the three acting “persons” in any closed biological system that live in symbiosis with each other. The first description of such coexistence was given in the last century by V.I. Vernadsky and called it “The Doctrine of the Biosphere”!

However, not everything is as complicated as it seems at first glance. Organisms living on Earth are quite difficult to destroy, at least simple life forms. If we describe the behavior of such three whales as: animals, plants and bacteria, or, let's call them differently, consumers, producers and destructors, then we get a differential equation of the 2nd order, which has no direct solution. But we know that life forms are tenacious, moreover, capable of adapting to changing environmental conditions, so there is no need to try to take into account all the chemical elements, but rather concentrate on the so-called “markers”. For the remaining chemical elements, the system will bring itself into balance. Therefore, the equation simplifies and becomes completely solvable. This is the main idea of ​​Vasily Krasnoborodko’s mathematical model. Thanks to this approach, it was possible to quite accurately calculate completely closed systems and develop a method for producing completely sealed live aquariums. You may ask why only such small aquariums are made with shrimp and not with fish? And it’s very simple to create completely closed system for a small fish, you will need at least 200 liters of water. You will have to collect it in a laboratory, but you won’t be able to take it home, because... A 200 liter aquarium weighs 200 kg!

Why was it necessary to fence this entire garden?

For growing heat-loving fish species, an important criterion is the water temperature. In our climatic zone, with the usual method (for example, cage) it is possible to grow sturgeon only 4-5 months a year. The rest of the time the sturgeon does not feed and, accordingly, does not grow. Therefore, it grows from 3 gram fry to a marketable weight of 1 kg in 2-3 years. The optimal temperature for sturgeon growth is 20°C-24°C. Heating water at a sturgeon factory is a dead end. It is impossible to heat 200 m3/h of water from 10°C to 24°C - even a whole power plant is not enough for this! The only way out of this situation is to plant the sturgeons high in the pools and not use water from the river, but purify and not release warm water from the system (sturgeon + strawberries). Then you can place the entire installation in a heated room and keep the temperature at 20°C-24°C. Preliminary results showed that it is possible to obtain up to 80 kg of sturgeon per m2 of a pool 1 m deep per year and 10 kg of strawberries from the same area. Sturgeon is a predator, so the roots of plants are of no interest to him. The cost of sturgeon with this method drops several times! So it is possible to create fish production based on this technology. With this method of cultivation, low feed consumption is achieved - 1.5 kg of feed is consumed per 1 kg of sturgeon, versus 3 kg of feed when reared in ponds. Why this is so is not difficult to understand. With pond fish farming, you have a wintering period when the water temperature becomes low. The fish stops eating and, accordingly, does not gain weight, but loses weight. In the summer you feed her, and in the winter she loses weight. In a closed system you can keep the water temperature warm and there is no overwintering period. The fish eats, gains weight, and thinks that winter will come tomorrow. That’s why feed consumption is 2 times lower! No fish farm can compete.

In aquaponic systems, strawberries or wild strawberries receive nutrients from water constantly circulating through the boxes. Water, with nutrients dissolved in it, flows along the bottom of the box in a thin layer. Plants are planted in cups, the bottom of which is slightly raised and does not touch the nutrient layer. As plants grow, the roots sink into the nutrient layer and receive all the nutrients enriched with oxygen from the liquid. It is better to grow strawberries (strawberries) on a hard, breathable substrate (expanded clay, coarse perlite, gravel, coarse river sand).

The roots of strawberries (strawberries) should not be in a stationary solution. This will lead to the death of the plants. The roots of strawberries also do not like heavy and prolonged flooding.

One adult strawberry plant requires a container of at least 3 liters. You can plant plants in one container, this will require 10-15 liters for 3-4 plants. In greenhouses, about twenty plants are planted per square meter. Plants are placed at a distance of 20-30 centimeters from one another. Varieties with large leaves are planted at a greater distance. Compact varieties can be planted at a distance of 10-15 centimeters between plants.

A mixture of vermiculite and perlite in combination with drip irrigation. In installations with expanded clay and drip irrigation, water is supplied for 15-20 minutes every 1.5 hours. The solution should not come into contact with the plant.

Vertical cultivation of strawberries

To save space and make maximum use of space, strawberries are grown vertically. To make it beautiful vertical installation, need to plant strawberries (strawberries) in tiers or use varieties that are prone to fruit formation on daughter rosettes as well. With the vertical method, 60-100 plants can be placed on 1 square meter. The quantity depends on the variety and equipment used.

Pollination of strawberries in aquaponic greenhouses

Productivity strawberries in aquaponics directly depends on the organization of artificial pollination in greenhouse farming. Let's look at several ways to pollinate strawberries (strawberries) in a greenhouse.

If the plantation is small, several square meters to grow up to a hundred plants, you can use a simple method of manual pollination - using an ordinary, but always very soft, brush (for painting or a small cosmetic brush). The brush should only be made of natural bristles. A working morning in the greenhouse, when the strawberries begin to bloom, you need to start by taking a brush and carefully brushing it over each opened flower. By simultaneously growing two or three varieties of wild strawberries, you will achieve cross-pollination of flowers, and this will have a positive effect on the yield and quality of the berries.

The second method of artificial pollination of strawberries: using a fan. The fan turns on and directs the air flow to the strawberry flowers. It looks like a breeze is blowing. The fan should not be close, and the air flow should in no case damage the flowers and the strawberry plants themselves.

Third way - pollination of strawberry flowers with the help of bees or bumblebees. It is usually resorted to when the strawberry plantation is extensive, and it is unrealistic to cope with pollination on your own. Both bumblebees and bees are used at the same time, as they work differently on strawberry flowers and in different time days. As a result, ideal pollination of strawberry flowers in the greenhouse occurs. One family of bumblebees or bees, with intensive flowering of strawberries on aquaponics, pollinates approximately 0.2 hectares.

The process of pollination of strawberries when grown in aquaponics Firstly determines the yield and quality of berries. But, unfortunately, the issues of pollination are currently given very little importance.

Strawberry varieties in aquaponics

Choosing a strawberry variety for growing in a greenhouse in aquaponics depends on the purpose of growing strawberries. For the constant production of berries over a long period of time, remontant varieties of neutral daylight hours are needed. If you plan to sell strawberries, pay attention to the size, density of the berries and the possibility of transportation. It’s easier to sell identical medium-large berries than giant berries in half and small change.

The most commonly used varieties: Pineapple, Khoniei, Zenga Zengana, Korona, Marmolada, Darselect. IN last years in Holland and Belgium (the main producing countries of greenhouse strawberries and strawberries, the Elsanta and Sonata varieties are used almost exclusively. Alternatively, you can grow the self-pollinating small-fruited strawberry variety Supreme.

Eichornia - water hyacinth

Eichornia

Eichornia (water hyacinth) - tropical plant rapidly gaining popularity among the Russians. Eichornia comes from the Amazon River basin.

Water hyacinth grows on the surface, the roots can float in the water or take root depending on the depth of the reservoir. Eichornia leaves are dense and shiny, oval in shape and have air cavities that act as floats. Water hyacinth leaves are collected in a basket. Eichornia inflorescences have a wonderful aroma and look like garden hyacinth flowers.

Water hyacinth reproduces by lateral tendrils from the rosette.

Unique properties of water hyacinth.

High growth rate water hyacinth. In three months, up to two hundred eichornia grow from one bush. The mass of plants doubles in a month.
Some scientists believe that it is Eichornia, which lived on earth since time immemorial, that we owe the formation of oil and gas reserves.

Nutritional value water hyacinth is high. Green eichornia is readily eaten by many species of animals, birds and fish. Eichornia is well eaten by ducks and nutria. Water hyacinth is eaten by herbivorous fish: carp, carp, grass carp...

High rate of absorption of fish metabolic products, minerals and organic substances makes water hyacinth an excellent filter for water. Suspended particles settle well on the powerful root system. Water hyacinth absorbs dissolved inorganic substances from water including cyanide, oil pollution, heavy metals, and phenol. Eichornia suppresses pathogenic bacteria in water and kills E. coli. A hectare of water hyacinth processes 150-200 kg of ammonia nitrogen and 2-5 kg ​​of petroleum products per day.
At the beginning of August 1999, at the Novosibirsk Tolmachevo airport, several eichornia plants were planted in a sewer canal 50 m long, 3 m wide and 1 m deep. By September, the plants had grown so much that they formed a continuous carpet on the surface of the water. And even in such a short period, the content of nitrates, chlorides, petroleum products and other pollutants has sharply decreased.

Application of water hyacinth in our eco-system

In our closed ecosystem, water hyacinth is used as an element:

• cleaning unit. Allows you to reduce the amount of make-up water.
• plant growing block. It is planned to be used as food for herbivorous fish.

Nymphea in a pond: description, planting, care in Siberia.

Legends...

Almost every nation has legends about water lilies - nymphs. We publish a description of the most beautiful of them, in our opinion, in a separate article

My name is Vladimir Skrynin. I worked on fish farms for half my life. He started with a fish farm in the Rostov region. For some time I worked on a fish farm in Germany, until fate brought me to a RAS farm in Israel. I was amazed how magnificent sturgeon is grown in the middle of the desert in closed artificial reservoirs. The owner of the farm, our former compatriot, once brought fry from Russia. Sturgeon caviar from our farm was exported to more than 30 countries around the world at a price of 500 - 900 dollars per kilogram! I've seen all sorts of things, but the fish breeding density of 150 kg of fish per 1 m3 of water is simply incredible.

Having gained more experience, I returned to Russia - the homeland of sturgeon. Now I sell black caviar, fry, and fish. The business brings me a profit of more than 300 thousand dollars a year.

Why I started fish farming, and why it might suit you too

• Sturgeons are very valuable for their caviar (the quantity of which is simply enormous) and incredibly delicious meat(and even without bones).
• Trout and sturgeon meat is expensive. Let's compare the approximate prices for fish products per kg, if carp is $4, catfish is $4.5, trout is $11, then sturgeon is $18 per kg. Agree, there is a significant difference in price!

In addition, there are excellent conditions for your own business:

• There is practically no competition in the market, since valuable fish species in their natural habitat have been practically exterminated.
• You can earn a lot of money by selling grown fry.
• It is possible to keep a large number of fish in a small area.
• Thanks to modern technologies, farmers breed valuable fish species even at home.
• At first, you can engage in this type of business without state registration, and with large volumes you can switch to a single agricultural tax.

Of course, if opportunities allow, you can fish for sturgeon, trout, carp, and much more.

The easiest way to grow carp. It is bred by most fish farmers in our country. After all, carp is tenacious, unpretentious, and most reservoirs are suitable for it. But on the market, with almost the same breeding costs, capricious and sensitive trout are almost three times more expensive.

Domestic fish farming

In our country, fish is in great demand. Most domestic fish farms breed carp, silver carp, catfish, and grass carp in large ponds. Few people use modern technologies for highly intensive breeding of these and other fish species in small reservoirs.

In Russia, the sturgeon population has decreased tenfold in recent years. Prices for caviar and meat jumped up accordingly. If 6 years ago sturgeon caviar cost 300 - 500 dollars per kilogram, now it is 600 - 1200 dollars per kilogram.

At the same time, meat and caviar of valuable fish species in large quantities imported from abroad. The question is: Why?

As a rule, many Russians are frightened by the difficulties in breeding fish, namely:

a) safety of fry;
b) illness;
c) difficulties with choosing food;
d) slow growth of fish;
e) the influence of adverse weather conditions on the growth and wintering of fish.

Proper maintenance and feeding allows you to completely avoid these problems.

The food is worth buying because nowadays food is produced for growing various types fish So if you know which one is needed in your situation, it simplifies and reduces the cost of growing to the required proportions (and in a year the livestock can increase by 1000%). It contains everything necessary elements and there is no need to spend a lot of time doing calculations.

But with “brood stock” it is more difficult; on farms they do not pay attention to normal cultivation. Fish make close relationships - which worsens their performance many times over! After all, 85% of meat yield depends on genes!

Most new fish farmers “beat their heads against the wall”, not knowing about effective feeds and growing methods! They don’t even realize that the small fish in the pond and its illnesses are precisely for these two reasons!

It is widely believed that in the southern regions - for example, in the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories - it is much more profitable to raise fish. Although, if you build all the technology correctly, and also select or build a suitable reservoir, then the business can be made profitable in middle lane both in Siberia and the Far East...

Many people believe that creating a fish farm requires large investments. Indeed, for profitable breeding of carp or catfish using outdated methods, you will need big pond. Thus, when using outdated methods, you can completely forget about breeding fish in a small plot of land or at home.

But read on...

And you will learn how to get extra profit from your Fish and offspring and how I personally earn from fish farming!

Many are afraid that fish breeding is such a painful and long process that they do not want to do it.

But that's not true. Any Fish can be profitable in a few months, it is not necessary to wait a year! I'll tell you what you need to do to make your farm like this:

This is a farm in Israel where closed water supply technology is used. This is how people get scammed abroad maximum amount fish on small area indoors. On such farms, fish are kept in ideal conditions, which makes it possible to exclude any diseases and accelerate growth at times.

I will teach you these advanced breeding techniques so that the fish grows quickly and does not get sick at all!

But what if you can’t afford a whole farm? Or do you not have the money to purchase the first 1000 fry?

I will help you! There are a couple of "secrets" that allow you to breed Fish for yourself and for sale even on 3 acres of your dacha, starting with just 30 fry of any breed you are interested in!

I’ll tell you the story of my friend, the farmer Mr. Tsordel. He became a millionaire from trout farming.

He started with one homemade concrete pool for trout, and now he has 6 farms and restaurants, where a wide variety of fish dishes are presented. The client chooses what kind of fish he wants, and they immediately catch it and cook it for him. To the latest and delicious fish visitors come from far away.

Mr. Tsordel takes the water from the river, and after circulating in the ponds, the water flows freely back into the river.

The simplest technology without the use of pumps and filters, it allowed us to quickly expand our business. And the accompanying catering business Mr. Zordel makes it possible to sell fish in the form of dishes to the end consumer at a good price.

How to start?

To organize your own business, you only need desire. You do not need to buy a separate room - you can breed fish using closed water supply technology at home or in the basement. In 1 cubic meter of water you can contain about 40 kg of delicious fish. You can refuse a purchased plastic or metal pool and make it yourself from polypropylene.

Yes, for indoor fish farming at home you will also need a filter and a pump. But they are inexpensive and can be purchased in specialized stores. Despite the initial costs of purchasing equipment, home fish farming allows you to grow fish much faster due to the fact that the water in the pool does not freeze. If you purchase additional equipment to saturate the water with oxygen, you can keep up to 150 kg of fish per cubic meter at home. meter of water.

If you have personal plot, but there is no pond, you can make it yourself from pond film. Construction of a pond made of film will cost much less than construction of a concrete pond, and the reliability and service life of such a reservoir will be much longer - more than 50 years.

If it is possible to make a water intake, take water from a well, or install cages on a flowing river, then these will be optimal conditions for many freshwater fish species.

When breeding carp, everything is much simpler. It is unpretentious in maintenance and eats absolutely everything from plankton and insects to food waste, and lives in any body of water. Agree, these are not at all difficult conditions of detention.

You will also need to buy fry. However, in the future you will be able to successfully hatch your fry and earn even more from selling them than from selling fish meat.

The profitability of home-based fish farming for meat is 40-70%, depending on the type of fish grown.

However, the main condition for obtaining high rates is high productivity and a high percentage of fish safety. To do this, you must strictly follow the technology.

You can follow the path of trial and error, collect information bit by bit from books and forums on the Internet. But won't you fall into such a loss, investing a lot of your time and money in vain, getting "goldfish" only for yourself without the opportunity to establish a profitable business?

It is best not to go blindly, but to follow the experience of those who have already achieved some success. Then overcoming all obstacles will not be difficult.

I spent twelve years of my life working on farms abroad and gaining experience before starting a fish farming business.

All yours many years of experience on highly productive fish farming, I managed to put in one unique training course

Fish farming is a tasty and profitable business

From the course you will learn:

• Design, types of reservoirs for keeping fish.
• How to build a pond from film with your own hands.
• Schemes of the closed water supply device for high-intensity fish breeding.
• What fish should you breed and why?
• Technologies for breeding the most profitable fish species
• How and what to feed this or that type of fish (preparation, distribution, control)
• Recipes for making effective fish feed
• Content of vitamins and minerals in fish feed
• Fish diseases and methods of combating them, disease prevention
• Transporting fish
• Calendar of work on growing carp, trout, grass carp, sturgeon, silver carp, tilapia, catfish
• How to combine fish farming with crayfish farming.
• How to sell ready-made meat, caviar, fry.
• how to make money from fish farming from $15,000 a year.

I will tell you how to raise fish all year round, regardless of the weather, and at the same time save significantly on food!

And it depends ONLY on YOUR desire,
how much will you earn from growing fish - 15 000 , 50,000, or $300,000

What are you getting?

Firstly, fresh fish to the table every day;
Secondly, net profit minimum - from $15,000 per year for the sale of fry alone.

In my experience, the average herd is about 3000-6000 heads. But let’s give a calculation for only 20 fry as the first stock using tilapia as an example

On average, one live tilapia fry costs from 0.8 to 1.2 dollars, we will take the price of 1 dollar - this is the price I sell the fry at.

In one year, we receive from 1,500 to 2,000 fry from each pair of producers under controlled conditions. From 20 fish of the first stock we get from 15,000 to 20,000 fry.

Let's take the minimum: 15,000 fry * 1 dollar
= $15,000 per season for fry only!

This calculation is given for the sale of fry, but what if you start growing them for sale? At a price not of 1 dollar, but already up to 11, depending on the region and type of fish, for example, Trout is sold at exactly 11 dollars per kilo. Sturgeon is even more expensive, carp is a little cheaper - about 3.5-4 dollars per kilo, with a fish weighing up to 4 kilograms - this is an excellent income!

By ordering a course before February 24, 2020, you will receive as a bonus - an additional technology that is indispensable for a gardener

COURSE "Year-Round Growing of Strawberries"

I would like to inform you that there is a progressive technology for growing fish and strawberries all year round.

Thanks to this technology, you can save on the purchase of a filter for home fish farming, and at the same time get record strawberry harvests. This technique has recently been widely used in the West for year-round cultivation fish and strawberries indoors. In Russia she is practically unknown.

In addition to the bonus, you will receive 2 packs of seeds as a gift garden strawberries.

(For your convenience, the digital bonus will be recorded on a disk with the main course)

And here are the reviews of those who have already achieved success in fish farming

I took the easy route. I agreed with the head of the village council and placed the cages on the river. For the winter I sold half of the commercial trout. Within a year, I had recouped all my expenses and made good money. My advice is if there is a river nearby, set up cages. Well, study the course carefully. He helped me a lot.

Alexey Nazarov. Kaluga region, Dzerzhinsky district, Milenki village.

Greetings. Our family loves fish. However, I often had to deny myself this pleasure due to its high cost. When I got tired of eating fish with my eyes on the shelves, I started looking on the Internet for information on breeding. I was inspired by the course and decided to start growing it at home. I made the pools myself, connected the pipes and fittings myself. I included strawberries in the diagram exactly as you described in the method. So I did without a filter. From eight cubic meters of water in the first year I got 200 kilograms of sturgeon, which we ate plenty of, and I sold some of it. The next year I decided to work on tomatoes, which seem to purify water even better. Let's see.

Yura Podluzhny. Kostroma.

I have been growing silver carp in my summer cottage pond for three years now. But there used to be more headaches than benefits. Typically, 90 percent of the fry did not survive until autumn. The winter before last I decided to give up my hobby altogether, because it was of little use. Your fish farming course was a real find for me. Now I understand my mistakes. Now my fish is not only a hobby, but also a good income for the family budget.

Ivan Nikolaevich, Balashikha.

You don’t have to go through trial and error, make losses, invent new technologies, you just take it and repeat MY success! Of course, not for nothing, because I don’t want to give away my experience just like that.

How much would you have to pay for a consultation? good specialist before starting your own business?

I think about 10,000 rubles.

But I didn’t collect it to rob novice fish farmers.

Therefore, my allowance usually costs 5,250 rubles.

Until the end of the promotion - 6:34:34

Agree, it’s not such a big price to pay for such a profitable business!

After all, we are really talking about a small amount– for this money you can, for example, go to a cafe together. I offer you not just information, but the start of your own business - and the beginning of a new life.

The disk with the course is sent to you by Russian Post cash on delivery! You can get the course at your nearest post office. Payment occurs upon receipt of the disc.

a hundred Siberian sturgeon ("Lensky" sturgeon) lived in a white plastic pool; on the left was a hydroponic installation (with fluctuating water levels) for growing salads, strawberries or tomatoes; on the right was a filter system and a cylinder with compressed oxygen;

In the sand filter, plastic granules were used instead of sand, the main purpose of which was to allow them to colonize with nitrifying bacteria, as well as to retain suspended particles, undissolved in water, larger than 100 microns in size. This modified filter is both a biofilter and a mechanical filter. To avoid the formation of stagnant zones (anaerobic) and clogging of the biofilter, the filter was often backwashed;

the washing water was settled and the solid sludge was used for compost;

an alarm system was installed that called the main developer's cell phone (the system was assembled from a burglar alarm and was therefore inexpensive). Three sensors are connected to the input relays: the presence of electricity in the office, the oxygen concentration in the water and the water level in the fish pool. The main goal of the experiment is to test the accuracy of a mathematical model that describes a closed ecosystem based on nutrients.

Developed and assembled the installation Krasnoborodko V.V.

Before the start of the experiment, water parameters were selected that needed to be maintained during the experiment:

For sturgeon:
- maximum ammonia concentration, mg/l;
- maximum concentration of total ammonium (was calculated knowing the pH and temperature of the water), mg/l;
- maximum nitrite concentration, mg/l;
- maximum nitrate concentration, mg/l;
- maximum concentration of undissolved suspended particles, mg/l;
- maximum concentration of carbon dioxide, mg/l;
- minimum oxygen concentration, mg/l;
- water temperature, C;
- pH range of water (taking into account the needs of plants);
- range of water alkalinity (calculated taking into account the dependence on pH and CO2), mg/l as CaCO3;
- range of water hardness, mg/l as CaCO3.

For strawberries:
- maximum concentration of dissolved substances, mg/l;
- optimal concentrations of macro and microelements: Ca, Mg, K, N (as NO3), P (as PO4), S (as SO4), Cl, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, Mo.

To adjust the pH of the water, the following were used: KOH, CaO, Ca(OH)2 (as is known, fish waste products lower the pH, and plants, on the contrary, increase it. But in this case, oxidative processes dominated).

As a result of this experiment, a large amount of experimental material was accumulated, including: the dynamics of the main nutrients (NO3, PO4, SO4, K, Ca and Mg) supplied with fish food and accumulated in fish, plants and solid waste. As a result of this experiment, the water was not poured out anywhere, but was reused. Water losses consisted only of evaporation. pH adjustment was carried out twice a day (especially at the end of the experiment, when the sturgeon biomass increased significantly), while microelements were adjusted once a week. Macronutrients were not added, because. came with the fish food, except for potassium and calcium, which were added in the form of hydroxides depending on what was missing.

At the end of the experiment, the mathematical model of the behavior of such a biosystem was brought to perfection. Even without expensive tests, it was possible to accurately predict the current concentrations of macroelements in water, the amount of hydroxides necessary to adjust the pH of the water, as well as some microelements.

The operation of such closed systems (with circulating water supply) requires the presence of a trained operator for 24 hours. This is important for the rapid elimination of breakdowns in the life support system of fish. If the fish stocking density is high (the author increased it to 400 kg/m3), in order to achieve maximum yield and reduce space heating costs, then the likelihood of failure of the components of your installation increases. For example, if you stop supplying fish with oxygen, you risk losing your entire fish population in 20 minutes!
Critical time interval:

Operating a system in which fish and crops are grown together is a very complex undertaking, requiring knowledge from three seemingly completely different areas of science. These are aquaculture (fish farming), hydroponics (greenhouse farming) and microbiology (cultivation of bacteria in a biofilter). Animals, plants and bacteria are the three acting “persons” in any closed biological system that live in symbiosis with each other. The first description of such coexistence was given in the last century by V.I. Vernadsky and called it “The Doctrine of the Biosphere”!

However, not everything is as complicated as it seems at first glance. Organisms living on Earth are quite difficult to destroy, at least simple life forms. If we describe the behavior of such three whales as: animals, plants and bacteria, or, let's call them differently, consumers, producers and destructors, then we get a differential equation of the 2nd order, which has no direct solution. But we know that life forms are tenacious, moreover, capable of adapting to changing environmental conditions, so there is no need to try to take into account all the chemical elements, but rather concentrate on the so-called “markers”. For the remaining chemical elements, the system will bring itself into balance. Therefore, the equation simplifies and becomes completely solvable. This is the main idea of ​​Vasily Krasnoborodko’s mathematical model. Thanks to this approach, it was possible to quite accurately calculate completely closed systems and develop a method for producing completely sealed live aquariums. You may ask why only such small aquariums are made with shrimp and not with fish? And it’s very simple, to create a completely closed system for a small fish, you will need a volume of at least 200 liters of water. You will have to collect it in a laboratory, but you won’t be able to take it home, because... A 200 liter aquarium weighs 200 kg!