As a rule, in the second grade, the teacher asks you to make a thermometer out of cardboard with your own hands for work in natural history lessons. A child can do it, but it’s better if parents have a hand in creating the teaching aid - a pleasant evening with the family, plus more accurate work at the end.
To make a thermometer out of cardboard with your own hands, you will need:
thick cardboard;
liner or thin pen;
a simple pencil;
round hat elastic or white lace;
felt-tip pens, incl. red marker;
button;
scissors or cutting knife;
markers.
How to make a thermometer from cardboard for school: master class
We decide on the shape of our future cardboard thermometer. Of course, you can just leave it as a rectangle, but it’s much more interesting if it’s a house, a cat, or a mushroom. We decided, sketched out a silhouette (I just marked the roof of the house) and immediately drew the vertical axis of the future thermometer.
Perpendicular to the axis of this house, under a ruler, with a step of 1 mm, we draw a thermometer scale - as a rule, the teacher specifies the required range of the scale. I have it from -40 to + 40 ° C. We draw the lines of the scale with a liner or a thin pen, making sure that the lines do not smear (perhaps you should choose rough rather than smooth cardboard; there is practically no smearing on it).
We mark zero, indicate every 10 degrees above and below zero. At the top and bottom of the scale we mark °C.
We cut out a figure of a thermometer model from cardboard according to the silhouette.
A little above and a little below the scale we pierce neat round holes: the elastic band will go into them.
We take a white round thin cord or a rubber band, its length is the distance between the holes multiplied by two, plus 3-4 cm for tying. We paint exactly half of this lace red with a felt-tip pen.
From the front of the thermometer, carefully thread the ends of the elastic band into the holes, bringing the tails to the wrong side.
We tie the ends together, while tying a button into a knot. This is necessary to make it faster and more convenient for the child to move the thermometer column. But you can do without a button completely.
WITH front side We paint our hand-made cardboard thermometer the way the child wants. You can also sign our work.
The cardboard thermometer is ready - you can take it to school and enjoy working with it in the classroom.
Eva Casio specially for the site Handicraft Master Classes
Weather is a global matter, so weather forecasters around the world work together: they approve uniform standards and exchange data. Weather forecasts cover large areas and, with all the best wishes, cannot take into account the special climatic conditions of ours kindergarten. That's why the promised rain so often falls through the cracks!
Therefore, in order to make our own forecasts, with the help of our parents, we created a weather site on our site. And with its creation, it became possible to get away from stereotypes in observation while walking and immerse children in the world of research and discovery. Here the children and I not only observe weather changes, but learn to use measuring instruments: thermometer, snowmeter, rain gauge (rain gauge), weather vane, compass, anemometer, nature calendar.
Instruments at the meteorological site are installed in a certain order. So that they do not shade each other and do not interfere with the free exchange of air.
Sometimes it is difficult to explain the principle of operation of a particular device, so models that help the child understand how the measuring device works come to the aid of parents and teachers.
We will tell you step by step how to make a thermometer out of cardboard. Such a paper thermometer can be used not only when working at a weather station, but also in classes on familiarization with the outside world, REMP, and when keeping a weather calendar. You can also hang a hand-made cardboard thermometer on the wall in a child’s room. Thanks to the model, it will be easier for the child to understand what zero is, what negative and positive numbers mean, and to establish a connection between the instrument readings and changes in nature or in bodily sensations.
We will need:
- light cardboard or semi-cardboard; thick threads of red and white; needle with a large eye; ruler, automatic pen or bright felt-tip pen; pencil.
Completing of the work:
We cut out a strip of cardboard measuring 12x5 cm. We mark the scale with a pencil from – 35 degrees to +35 degrees Celsius, then trace it with a pen or felt-tip pen. If you have a printer, you can download an image of the scale from the Internet or create it yourself, and then print it on paper and stick the printout onto cardboard for durability. This model will be more aesthetically pleasing.
After explaining to your child how the device that measures air temperature works, you can play with him a game with moving a two-color thread, “What happens?” The red indicator is at the minus mark - the child can list what is happening in nature: “It’s cold outside, it’s snowing, the puddles are covered with ice, people are wearing warm jackets, hats, mittens,” etc. If the indicator is at a positive temperature, the child remembers what happens in nature when it’s warm.
For children role-playing games“Home” and “Hospital” you can make your own medical thermometer from cardboard.
How to make a thermometer from cardboard?
On cardboard we draw a shape similar to the shape of a medical thermometer for measuring body temperature. We draw a scale with the corresponding temperature indicators.In the lower degree display, insert a red thread, into the upper degree display, insert a white thread. We also fasten the threads together and cut off the excess.
When the model of the medical thermometer is ready, it would be good to explain to the child what body temperature is in healthy people, what is in sick people, what “increased”, “high” and “low” temperature means. Now you can measure the temperature of all “sick” dolls, and also use a thermometer in games with girlfriends. Who knows, maybe in the future your little one will want to be a medical worker thanks to children's games?!
Similar models It is very good to do things that promote mental development by involving the children themselves in the production. Crafts made with my own hands, especially delight little masters and encourage them to treat the objective world more responsibly and carefully.
Suggested for self-assembly Digital temperature meter allows you to measure temperature in real time in the range from zero to 99 degrees Celsius. The project is developed on the basis of a PIC16F1825 microcontroller, a CAT4016 driver for an LED display, a DS18200 temperature sensor and two 7-segment LED indicators with a common anode. This handy little thermometer consumes fairly little current and can operate with a 4.5 volt battery made up of 3 AA cells. The brightness of the display can be changed by changing the value of resistor R1.
Electronic thermometer - circuit diagram
Characteristics of an electronic thermometer
- Temperature range from 00 to 99 degrees
- Input power 4.5 - 5V DC
- Current consumption 20 mA
Despite the fact that now there is a tendency to use more economical LCDs as a display, it makes sense to install large, bright LED indicators in this device so that the readings can be seen from afar and even in the dark. The connection diagram and connection of external elements to the board is shown above.
If you plan to use it as an outdoor thermometer, the device itself is mounted in a box with a network adapter inside the apartment, and the DS18200 temperature sensor is connected with a flexible cable. If you can’t look for controllers, you can assemble them using regular microcircuits. Firmware for microcontroller, original article in English and drawing printed circuit board Can
Making a thermometer at home will take some time, but the procedure itself is quite simple and straightforward. Build your own thermometer and test it to make sure it gives correct readings. If the thermometer is working properly, calibrate it before using it to measure temperature.
Steps
Part 1
creation of a thermometer-
Prepare the measuring solution. Fill the measuring container with water and medical alcohol in a ratio of 1:1. For color, add 4-8 drops of food coloring to the solution and gently stir the resulting mixture.
- Note that adding food coloring does not change the solution's response to temperature changes. The dye only facilitates the reading of the device, making it easier to observe the column of liquid in the thermometer tube.
- You can omit the alcohol by using just water, but a mixture of equal parts water and rubbing alcohol reacts more quickly to temperature changes than water.
- When determining the required volume of solution, be guided by the volume of the bottle you are using. You will need enough liquid to completely fill the bottle, plus a small amount more.
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Pour the measuring solution into a clean bottle. Fill the bottle with solution to the brim. Finally, you can use a pipette, adding the last drops of the colored liquid until it fills the bottle to the very edges.
- You can use either a glass or plastic bottle.
- Try not to let the solution overflow from the bottle.
- You can create a thermometer without filling the bottle with measuring liquid to the very brim. However, in this case, the design of the device must be such that when it expands, the solution enters the measuring tube, and does not fill the space of the bottle that remains free. However, filling the bottle all the way will ensure that the liquid reacts more quickly to temperature changes.
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Insert a thin glass or plastic tube into the neck of the bottle and secure it. Do this carefully and slowly so that the liquid does not overflow the edges of the bottle. Leave at least 10 cm (4 inches) of tubing on top of the bottle, making sure that the bottom end of the tubing does not reach the bottom of the container. Secure the tube with molding clay, covering the neck of the bottle with it.
- The neck of the bottle should be hermetically sealed with clay. In this case, it is best if there is no air left in the bottle, that is, it will be completely filled with liquid.
- If you don't have molding clay, use melted wax or clay.
- Hermetic corking of the bottle plays a big role. The tight cap prevents the solution from leaking out of the bottle when heated, causing all the excess expanded liquid to flow into the tube.
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Attach a strip of white thick paper to the side of the tube. Position the paper on the back of the tube, securing it with tape.
- The paper strip is optional, but it will make it easier for you to monitor the fluid level in the tube. Additionally, if you then intend to calibrate your thermometer to accurately measure temperature, you will be able to mark the paper strip accordingly. certain values temperature.
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Pour the measuring solution into the tube. Carefully add a few drops of solution to the top of the tube using a pipette. Allow the liquid to rise in the tube to a height of 5 cm (2 inches) above the neck of the bottle.
- Adding a few drops of solution to the tube will make it easier to monitor the level as it changes as the temperature rises or falls.
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Add one drop to the tube vegetable oil. Do this with great care using a pipette. And remember - just one drop.
- Vegetable oil will not mix with the solution, remaining on its surface in the tube.
- Adding vegetable oil will prevent evaporation of the measuring mixture. As a result, the thermometer will last much longer and provide accurate results once calibrated.
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Inspect the completed thermometer. After assembling the device, test it several times before using it for measurements to ensure that you have not made any mistakes in its manufacture.
- Feel the bottle. Make sure there is no liquid leaking out of it.
- Inspect the layer of clay on the neck of the bottle and make sure it seals the container tightly.
- Check the tube and the paper attached to it to ensure that they are securely attached and will not move when you use the thermometer.
Part 2
thermometer test-
Place the thermometer in a container of ice water. Fill a small bowl cold water and put some ice in it. Wait for the water to cool, then carefully place the thermometer bottle into this bowl. Make sure the liquid level in the thermometer tube is clearly visible.
- When placed in cold water The liquid level in the thermometer tube should drop.
- Matter consists of atoms and molecules in continuous motion. The energy of this movement is called kinetic energy. As the temperature decreases, the movement of particles of matter slows down and their kinetic energy decreases.
- When using a thermometer, temperature, that is, the kinetic energy of the particles of the medium, is transferred to the particles of the liquid used in the device. In other words, the measuring liquid of the thermometer acquires a temperature environment, and as a result you can determine this temperature.
- When cooled, the particles of the measuring fluid slow down and the distance between them decreases. As a result, the solution contracts and the liquid level in the thermometer tube drops.
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Place the thermometer in a container of hot water. Dial hot water from the tap or heat it on the stove without bringing it to a boil. Carefully lower the thermometer into the hot water, observing the level of liquid in its tube.
- Please note that you should wait until the liquid in the thermometer bottle warms up to room temperature after you have removed the bottle from the ice water. Do not put it in hot water immediately after taking it out of ice, since such a sharp change in temperature may crack the bottle, especially if it is glass.
- When the measuring liquid is heated, it will rise up in the thermometer tube.
- As already noted, particles of matter accelerate their movement when heated. When heat water is transferred to the measuring solution, the particles of the latter accelerate their movement, and the average distance between them increases. This causes the liquid to expand and its level to rise in the thermometer tube.
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Test the thermometer's performance in other environments. Try it in environments with different temperatures. Observe how the level of the measuring fluid in the tube drops at low temperatures and rises at high temperatures.
- Note how the liquid level in the thermometer tube changes when placed in a cold or hot environment.
- You can place the thermometer in the refrigerator, on a lighted sunlight window sill, threshold of a house on a warm or cold day, shady place in the garden, cellar, garage, in the attic of a house.
