Amnuel will go to trial. And his money is for a monument to Soviet soldiers. Emmanuel Georgy Arsenievich Georgy Emmanuel

Georgy (Egor) Arsenievich Emmanuel (Manuilovich)(1775-1837) - Russian military commander, cavalry general of the Russian Imperial Army.

Biography

Born April 14, 1775 in Vershitsa in the Serbian noble family Manuilovich.

While serving in the guard, Emmanuel began to replenish his education: he studied French and Italian and military sciences. At the end of 1796, despite the objections of Emperor Franz II, he retired and went to Russia.

Family

He was married to Maria Villimovna Knobel - the daughter of Major General Willim Khristianovich Knobel, the granddaughter of the architect Christian Knobel. 10 children were born in the marriage: Maria, George, Elizabeth, Alexandra, Barbara, Sophia, Nikolai, Lydia, Julia, Alexander.

Awards

Order of St. George 3rd degree (08/17/1813)
Order of St. George 4th degree (12/19/1812)
Order of St. Vladimir 1st class
Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd class (1813)
Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class (1812)
Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree (1807)
Order of St. Alexander Nevsky (02.10.1827)
Order of St. Anne, 1st class (1813)
Diamond badges for the Order of St. Anne, 1st class
Order of St. Anne 2nd class (1807)
Silver medal "In memory of the Patriotic War of 1812"
The highest rescript (09/17/1829)
Insignia "For XXXV years of impeccable service" (1831)
Gold medal "For courage" (1794, Austria)
Order of the Red Eagle, 1st class (1814, Prussia)
Order of the Red Eagle, 2nd class (1813, Prussia)
Order of the Sword, commander (1st class) (1813, Sweden)

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Notes

An excerpt characterizing Emmanuel, Georgy Arsenievich

– Why do you know?
- I know. This is not good, my friend.
“And if I want ...” said Natasha.
“Stop talking nonsense,” said the Countess.
- And if I want ...
Natasha, I'm serious...
Natasha did not let her finish, pulled her to her big hand Countess and kissed her from above, then on the palm, then turned again and began to kiss her on the bone of the upper joint of the finger, then in the gap, then again on the bone, saying in a whisper: "January, February, March, April, May."
- Speak, mother, why are you silent? Speak, - she said, looking back at her mother, who looked at her daughter with a tender look and because of this contemplation, it seemed that she forgot everything she wanted to say.
“That won’t do, my soul. Not everyone will understand your childhood connection, and seeing him so close to you can harm you in the eyes of other young people who travel to us, and, most importantly, torment him in vain. He may have found himself a party of his own, rich; and now he's going crazy.
- Coming down? Natasha repeated.
- I'll tell you about myself. I had one cousin...
- I know - Kirilla Matveich, but he is an old man?
“There was not always an old man. But here's the thing, Natasha, I'll talk to Borey. He doesn't have to travel so often...
“Why not, if he wants to?”
“Because I know it won’t end.”
- Why do you know? No, mom, you don't tell him. What nonsense! - Natasha said in the tone of a person from whom they want to take away his property.
- Well, I won’t get married, so let him go, if he’s having fun and I’m having fun. Natasha looked at her mother smiling.
“Not married, but like this,” she repeated.
- How is it, my friend?
- Yes, it is. Well, it’s very necessary that I won’t get married, but ... so.
“So, so,” repeated the countess, and, shaking with her whole body, she laughed a kind, unexpected old woman’s laugh.
- Stop laughing, stop it, - Natasha shouted, - you are shaking the whole bed. You look terribly like me, the same laughter ... Wait a minute ... - She grabbed both hands of the countess, kissed the bone of the little finger on one - June, and continued to kiss July, August on the other hand. - Mom, is he very in love? How about your eyes? Were you so in love? And very nice, very, very nice! Only not quite to my taste - it is narrow, like a dining room clock ... Don't you understand? ... Narrow, you know, gray, light ...
– What are you lying about! said the Countess.
Natasha continued:
- Do you really not understand? Nikolenka would understand... Earless - that blue, dark blue with red, and it is quadrangular.
“You flirt with him, too,” said the countess, laughing.
“No, he is a Freemason, I found out. He is nice, dark blue with red, how do you explain ...
“Countess,” came the voice of the count from behind the door. - Are you awake? - Natasha jumped up barefoot, grabbed her shoes in her hands and ran into her room.
She couldn't sleep for a long time. She kept thinking about the fact that no one can understand everything that she understands and what is in her.
"Sonya?" she thought, looking at the sleeping, curled-up kitty with her huge braid. “No, where is she! She is virtuous. She fell in love with Nikolenka and doesn't want to know anything else. Mom doesn't understand. It's amazing how smart I am and how ... she's sweet," she continued, speaking to herself in the third person and imagining that some very smart, smartest and best man was talking about her ... "Everything, everything is in her , - continued this man, - she is unusually smart, sweet and then good, unusually good, dexterous - she swims, she rides excellently, and her voice! You can say, an amazing voice! She sang her favorite musical phrase from the Kherubinievskaya opera, threw herself on the bed, laughed at the joyful thought that she was about to fall asleep, shouted to Dunyasha to put out the candle, and before Dunyasha had time to leave the room, she had already passed into another, even happier world of dreams. , where everything was just as easy and beautiful as in reality, but it was only better because it was different.

The next day, the countess, having invited Boris to her place, had a talk with him, and from that day he stopped visiting the Rostovs.

On the 31st of December, on the eve of the new year 1810, le reveillon [night dinner], there was a ball at the Catherine's nobleman. The ball was supposed to be the diplomatic corps and the sovereign.
On the Promenade des Anglais, the famous house of a nobleman shone with countless lights of illumination. At the illuminated entrance with red cloth stood the police, and not only the gendarmes, but the police chief at the entrance and dozens of police officers. The carriages drove off, and new ones kept coming up with red footmen and with footmen in feathers on their hats. Men in uniforms, stars and ribbons came out of the carriages; ladies in satin and ermine carefully descended the noisily laid steps, and hurriedly and soundlessly passed along the cloth of the entrance.
Almost every time a new carriage drove up, a whisper ran through the crowd and hats were taken off.
- Sovereign? ... No, minister ... prince ... envoy ... Can't you see the feathers? ... - said from the crowd. One of the crowd, dressed better than the others, seemed to know everyone, and called by name the noblest nobles of that time.
One-third of the guests had already arrived at this ball, and the Rostovs, who were supposed to be at this ball, were still hastily preparing to dress.
There were many rumors and preparations for this ball in the Rostov family, many fears that the invitation would not be received, the dress would not be ready, and everything would not work out as it should.
Together with the Rostovs, Marya Ignatievna Peronskaya, a friend and relative of the countess, a thin and yellow maid of honor of the old court, who led the provincial Rostovs in the highest St. Petersburg society, went to the ball.
At 10 pm, the Rostovs were supposed to call for the maid of honor to the Tauride Garden; and meanwhile it was already five minutes to ten, and the young ladies were still not dressed.
Natasha was going to the first big ball in her life. She got up that day at 8 o'clock in the morning and was in feverish anxiety and activity all day long. All her strength, from the very morning, was focused on ensuring that they all: she, mother, Sonya were dressed in the best possible way. Sonya and the countess vouched for her completely. The countess was supposed to be wearing a masaka velvet dress, they were wearing two white smoky dresses on pink, silk covers with roses in the corsage. The hair had to be combed a la grecque [Greek].
Everything essential had already been done: the legs, arms, neck, ears were already especially carefully, according to the ballroom, washed, perfumed and powdered; shod already were silk, fishnet stockings and white satin shoes with bows; the hair was almost finished. Sonya finished dressing, the countess too; but Natasha, who worked for everyone, fell behind. She was still sitting in front of the mirror in a peignoir draped over her thin shoulders. Sonya, already dressed, stood in the middle of the room and, pressing painfully with her little finger, pinned the last ribbon that squealed under the pin.
“Not like that, not like that, Sonya,” said Natasha, turning her head from her hairdo and grabbing her hair with her hands, which the maid who held them did not have time to let go. - Not so bow, come here. Sonya sat down. Natasha cut the ribbon differently.
“Excuse me, young lady, you can’t do that,” said the maid holding Natasha’s hair.
- Oh, my God, well after! That's it, Sonya.
- Are you coming soon? - I heard the voice of the countess, - it's already ten now.
- Now. - Are you ready, mom?
- Just pin the current.
“Don’t do it without me,” Natasha shouted: “you won’t be able to!”
- Yeah, ten.
It was decided to be at the ball at half past ten, and Natasha still had to get dressed and stop by the Tauride Garden.
Having finished her hair, Natasha, in a short skirt, from under which ballroom shoes were visible, and in her mother's blouse, ran up to Sonya, examined her and then ran to her mother. Turning her head, she pinned the current, and, barely having time to kiss her gray hair, she again ran to the girls who were hemming her skirt.
The case was behind Natasha's skirt, which was too long; it was hemmed by two girls, hastily biting the threads. A third, with pins in her lips and teeth, ran from the countess to Sonya; the fourth held the entire smoky dress on a high hand.
- Mavrusha, rather, dove!
- Give me a thimble from there, young lady.
– Will it be soon? - said the count, entering from behind the door. “Here are the spirits. Peronskaya was already waiting.
“It’s ready, young lady,” said the maid, lifting a hemmed smoky dress with two fingers and blowing and shaking something, expressing with this gesture the awareness of the airiness and purity of what she was holding.
Natasha began to put on a dress.
“Now, now, don’t go, papa,” she shouted to her father, who opened the door, still from under the haze of a skirt that covered her entire face. Sonya closed the door. A minute later, the count was let in. He was in a blue tailcoat, stockings and shoes, perfumed and pomaded.
- Oh, dad, you're so good, lovely! - said Natasha, standing in the middle of the room and straightening the folds of smoke.
“Excuse me, young lady, excuse me,” the girl said, kneeling, pulling at her dress and turning the pins from one side of her mouth to the other.
- Your will! - Sonya cried out with despair in her voice, looking at Natasha's dress, - your will, again long!
Natasha stepped aside to look around in the dressing-glass. The dress was long.
“By God, madam, nothing is long,” said Mavrusha, who was crawling along the floor after the young lady.
“Well, it’s a long time, so we’ll sweep it, we’ll sweep it in a minute,” said the resolute Dunyasha, taking out a needle from a handkerchief on her chest and again set to work on the floor.
At that moment, shyly, with quiet steps, the countess entered in her toque and velvet dress.
- Wow! my beauty! shouted the Count, “better than all of you!” He wanted to hug her, but she pulled away, blushing, so as not to cringe.
“Mom, more on the side of the current,” Natasha said. - I'll cut it, and rushed forward, and the girls who were hemming, who did not have time to rush after her, tore off a piece of smoke.
- My God! What is it? I don't blame her...
“Nothing, I notice, you won’t see anything,” said Dunyasha.
- Beauty, my darling! - said the nanny who came in from behind the door. - And Sonyushka, well, beauties! ...
At a quarter past eleven we finally got into the carriages and drove off. But still it was necessary to stop by the Tauride Garden.
Peronskaya was already ready. Despite her old age and ugliness, exactly the same thing happened with her as with the Rostovs, although not with such haste (for her it was a habitual thing), but her old, ugly body was also perfumed, washed, powdered, also carefully washed behind the ears. , and even, and just like at the Rostovs, the old maid enthusiastically admired the outfit of her mistress when she went into the living room in a yellow dress with a cipher. Peronskaya praised the Rostovs' toilets.
The Rostovs praised her taste and dress, and, taking care of their hair and dresses, at eleven o'clock they got into the carriages and drove off.

Natasha had not had a moment of freedom since the morning of that day, and had never had time to think about what lay ahead of her.
In the damp, cold air, in the cramped and incomplete darkness of the swaying carriage, for the first time she vividly imagined what awaited her there, at the ball, in the illuminated halls - music, flowers, dances, sovereign, all the brilliant youth of St. Petersburg. What awaited her was so wonderful that she did not even believe that it would be: it was so inconsistent with the impression of cold, crowdedness and darkness of the carriage. She understood everything that awaited her only when, having walked along the red cloth of the entrance, she entered the hallway, took off her fur coat and walked beside Sonya in front of her mother between the flowers along the illuminated stairs. Only then did she remember how she had to behave at the ball and tried to adopt that majestic manner that she considered necessary for a girl at the ball. But fortunately for her, she felt that her eyes were running wide: she could not see anything clearly, her pulse beat a hundred times a minute, and the blood began to beat at her heart. She could not adopt the manner that would have made her ridiculous, and she walked, dying from excitement and trying with all her might only to hide it. And this was the very manner that most of all went to her. In front and behind them, talking in the same low voice and also in ball gowns, the guests entered. The mirrors on the stairs reflected ladies in white, blue, pink dresses, with diamonds and pearls on open hands and necks.
Natasha looked into the mirrors and in the reflection she could not distinguish herself from others. Everything was mixed in one brilliant procession. At the entrance to the first hall, a uniform rumble of voices, steps, greetings - deafened Natasha; the light and brilliance blinded her even more. The master and hostess, who had been standing by the front door and those who said the same words to those who came in: “charme de vous voir,” [in admiration that I see you] also met the Rostovs and Peronskaya.
Two girls in white dresses, with identical roses in their black hair, sat down in the same way, but the hostess involuntarily fixed her gaze longer on thin Natasha. She looked at her, and smiled at her alone, in addition to her master's smile. Looking at her, the hostess remembered, perhaps, her golden, irrevocable girlish time, and her first ball. The owner also looked after Natasha and asked the count, who is his daughter?

Book. N. B. Golitsyn, "Biography of the General of the Cavalry Emmanuel"

Emmanuel Georgy Arsenievich- cavalry general, head of the Caucasian region; was born on April 2, 1775 in the mountains. Vershice was also educated at the local school, where from an early age he began to show military inclinations. He was from a noble Montenegrin family, who moved to Banat and ruled over the Serbian population, his grandfather received the Hungarian nobility.

In 1788, when Emmanuel was only 13 years old, the Turks invaded the Banat towards Belgrade. Everyone on their way fled, the inhabitants of Vershitsa also mostly left the city, but 13-year-old Emmanuel gathered his comrades and persuaded them to defend the city. Having obtained weapons, the boys actively began to prepare for defense and placed guards and posts everywhere. When the Turks approached the city, the young men who defended it met them from the walls with gunfire. The Turks, thinking that Vershits was occupied by a strong garrison, did not dare to approach him and passed by. This was the first feat of the future major military leader.

Burning with the desire for further military exploits, he entered the Miyalevich Volunteer Corps, then served as a cadet in the regiment of Baron Spivni, and in 1792 he again entered the Miyalevich Corps. The following year, participating in many battles, he received three very serious wounds: with a bayonet in the stomach (under Landau), with a fragment of a grenade in right hand(ibid.) and buckshot in right leg(in the Weissenburg lines). For the amazing courage shown by him repeatedly, the chapter of orders interceded with him gold medal with the inscription "der Tapferkeit" for wearing in the buttonhole. This award is considered very honorable in Austria.

Having recovered from his wounds, Emmanuel in 1794 was accepted by Emperor Franz into the noble Hungarian Guard as a second lieutenant. While serving in the guard, he began to replenish his education and studied French and Italian and military sciences. Dissatisfied with the Austrian government, which was slow to fulfill some of its promises, Emmanuel, despite the reluctance of Emperor Franz Joseph, resigned and went to Russia.

Arriving in Moscow on March 27, 1797, on the same day, during the watch parade on the Kremlin Square, he caught the eye of Emperor Paul, who became interested in a young man in the uniform of a Hungarian guardsman and, having learned that Emmanuel had come with the aim of entering military service, ordered to enroll him as a lieutenant in the Life Hussar Regiment. The very next year, Emmanuel was promoted to staff captain, and a year later to captain. Emperor Pavel, who was very fond of the dashing hussar captain, despite his youth (he was only 25 years old), promoted him to colonel on September 25, 1800.

Two years later, Emmanuel, of his own free will, was transferred to the Kiev Dragoon Regiment, with whom he participated in campaigns against the French in 1800 and 1807. During the Battle of Pultusk, commanding two squadrons, he was wounded in the leg, but did not leave the army. For his distinction in this matter, he was awarded a golden saber with the inscription "for bravery". Upon recovery, he was instructed to go with a small detachment to Tikochin in order to restore contact with the corps of General Essen 1st, who was marching towards the main army, and, in addition, to arrange a mobile hospital for 4,000 wounded. Both assignments were executed by him brilliantly.

Then, on May 24, 1807, during the battle of Gutstatt, Emmanuel, with three squadrons of dismounted dragoons, attacked enemy posts, took one captain and 100 soldiers prisoner and broke into Gutstatt. For this work he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree, and for the courage shown five days later in the battle of Heilsberg, he received the Order of St. Anna 2nd degree. In the battle near Friedland, he commanded the Kyiv Dragoon Regiment, and during the retreat with a small cavalry detachment, he destroyed all the crossings and rafts along the Neman, which prevented the French from bypassing our army. Returning to Russia and recovering from his wounds, he again entered the ranks of his regiment and on December 11, 1808 was appointed chief, first of the Kurland, and then of the Kyiv dragoon regiments.

The following year, a campaign was announced in Austria. In the composition of the army sent to this campaign, Prince. S. F. Golitsyn also included the Kiev Dragoon Regiment. This put him in a very great difficulty, since it was very difficult for him, as a Hungarian nobleman and former Austrian officer, to take up arms against his homeland. Therefore, he turned to the sovereign with a request to involve him in any service, but to allow him not to act against his fellow earthmen. His request was granted.

With the outbreak of the war of 1812, for Emmanuel, the time of constant skirmishes and battles again came. Being in the army of Prince. Bagration, he already on June 28 in the battle at the town of Mir dealt with the French. During this case, nine enemy cavalry regiments were exterminated, and in this extermination he played a leading role. For the battle at Mir, he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir 3rd degree. Then there were battles at Novoselki, Saltanovka, Smolensk and others, and everywhere he did not stop fighting in the rearguard. Finally, in the battle of August 24, not reaching Borodino, he defended the Shevardinsky redoubt and several times went on the attack with his regiment, and was wounded by a bullet in the chest. The award for this work was the Order of St. George 4th degree. However, this time the wound forced him to fail, but in September he already appeared in the Tarutino camp.

When the French left Moscow, Emmanuel, being in the forefront, stubbornly pursued them all the time. Near Vyazma, with the Kyiv Dragoon and Akhtyrsky Hussars, he crashed between the rear guard of the Viceroy and the vanguard of Marshal Davout, pushed back the brigade of General Nagel, most which he took prisoner, and then at the village of Chervonnoye he took another 500 people prisoner. For distinction in cases against the French, he was promoted on December 26, 1812 to major general.

The next year's campaign began for him by participating in the siege of fortresses, first Modlin, then Glogau, and when in April he reached the mountains. Zwickau, he was instructed to cover the left flank of the allied army at the head of a flying detachment, consisting of regiments: Kiev Dragoon, Cossack: Rebrikov 3rd, Yagodin 2nd, Stavropol Kalmyk, 11th Jaeger and Horse Artillery No. 4 company. With the same detachment, he defended the crossing of the allied troops across the Elbe, and then, located in the mountains of Silesia, watched the French until the Battle of Bautzen. At this time, he had serious battles with the French near Veysel, at Stolpen, Bischofswerd and Neukirchen, and on May 9th in a general battle near Bautzen, where he almost destroyed one French dragoon regiment, after which, moving towards Radmeritz, he crossed to the right bank of the river Neiss and prepared everything needed to burn the bridge. When MacDonald's corps, who thought to cut off Miloradovich and pin him to the Austrian border, began to cross the bridge, the latter suddenly caught fire, and E. began to shower the French with nuclei. Continuing to cover the left flank of the allied army and moving on Spenau and Goldberg to Jauer, Emmanuel at the latter, attacking the French, captured 600 people. At the conclusion of the 23rd of May, for six weeks of a truce, Emmanuel was entrusted with the establishment of a demarcation line stretching from the Bohemian border to the village of Peterwitz, and he was given 14 Cossack regiments, 2 dragoons, 8 chasseurs, 2 infantry regiments and 2 battery companies. For the distinctions shown while commanding a flying detachment, he was awarded the Order of St. Anna of the 1st degree and, in addition, received the Order of the Red Eagle of the 2nd degree from the Prussian king.

At the end of the armistice, he received a new appointment - to command the cavalry of the vanguard of the corps gr. Langeron and at the head of the vanguard crossed the Beaver River at Sieben-Eichen on August 7, broke through the enemy line, took many prisoners and even Marshal MacDonald's convoy, but, in turn, was surrounded by the French, and although Langeron, who was standing across the river, could not to help his vanguard, nevertheless, the latter returned back to Beaver without losing a single gun; after that, E. had constant battles with MacDonald, who was pursuing him, for seven days, until finally on August 14, during the Katzbach battle, the victory remained with the allies, thanks to the energy, courage and diligence of E. Then, having crossed the Katzbach by swimming, he with one cavalry he attacked the French near the village of Pilgramsdorf and captured 7 guns, 4 ammunition boxes and 1131 prisoners. The next day, August 16, Emmanuel drove the enemy out of the Neuvisen forest and occupied it with his rangers, and then participated in the extermination of the Puteaux division at Levenberg (August 17).

Commanding not only the Russian vanguard cavalry during the offensive movement on Dresden, but also the Prussian cavalry that joined it under the command of General Katzler, Emmanuel had strong battles with the French at Stolpen, Rotmeritz, Bischofswerd, Elster, Duben, Eulenburg, St. Rotegak, Vederich, Rodefeld and Badefeld. For rare distinctions rendered by him in these matters, he was awarded the Order of St. George 3rd degree.

In the battle of October 4 near Leipzig, Emmanuel with two regiments withstood the onslaught of 6 French regiments, and then he himself attacked and defeated them. In the famous battle of October 6, taking an active part from the very beginning, he especially distinguished himself at a time when the French began to retreat: having only a convoy of 12 people at hand, he captured 2 generals, 17 officers and 400 lower ranks. This is how Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky describes this feat: “Having passed the chain of our shooters, he (Emmanuel) met 12 enemy cuirassiers and captured them. Napoleon I), saw several Frenchmen crossing the river on boards. Emmanuel ordered them to return, threatening death otherwise; they obeyed unquestioningly; Loriston was between them. Suddenly, ours noticed a French battalion going to the river across their path. Taking with them Lauriston, Emmanuel rode up to the battalion, amazed at the sight of his corps commander Lauriston near our general. At the first request, the battalion laid down a gun. Thus, 2 generals, 17 officers and 400 privates were taken prisoner by one Emmanuel. He left the swords to the officers on parole, for the impossibility of giving them to someone for preservation, because his small convoy kept captured generals and cuirassier horses. It is remarkable that neither Emmanuel nor his convoy received any reward for their feat. The reason for this was the hostility of Blucher, who was offended by the fact that the captured Loriston, in addition to him, at the request of Emperor Alexander 1st, was transferred to main apartment.

Being in the vanguard of the army that pursued the French after the defeat at Leipzig, Emmanuel fought the enemy almost daily and, by the way, in the mountains. The Goths captured 1200 people. Enrolling after that in the corps gr. Saint-Prix, he participated in the capture of the mountains. Reims, and then, thanks only to his fearlessness, energy and diligence, the corps of gr. Saint-Prix was not destroyed when Napoleon's entire army attacked him. Taking away the remains of the body gr. Saint-Prix in Lan, E. soon received an order to build a bridge across the Martha near the village. Trenorth. This order was carried out brilliantly. On March 17 (1814), Emmanuel received a new appointment as head of the vanguard of the army moving towards Paris.

Taking the most active part in the capture of Paris, on the very next day after this event he was sent to pursue the French and only on March 2 stopped his hostilities. For the capture of Paris, he was promoted to lieutenant general and, in addition, received the Order of the Red Eagle of the 1st degree from the Prussian king, and the Order of the Sword of the 2nd degree from the Crown Prince of Sweden. Upon his return to Russia, E. was appointed head of the 4th Dragoon Division and remained in this position for about 10 years.

With the beginning of the Russian-Turkish war of 1828-1829. Emmanuel's position became rather difficult due to the negligible number of troops at his disposal, and at the same time due to the hostile movement of the Trans-Kuban mountaineers. He ordered to strengthen and prepare for defense all the border villages and divided the troops he had into two columns, of which he assigned the left to Major General Antropov. Thanks to the quite expedient orders of the latter, the invasion of the Zakubans did not have serious consequences, but it gave E. the idea to subdue the Karachays. Despite the fact that Karachaevo was considered completely impregnable, he nevertheless attacked it on October 20 and, after a 12-hour stubborn battle, took the ridge of the mountain, called the Donkey Saddle, and the Karachays accepted Russian citizenship.

Following them, the Avar Khanate (more than 100,000 inhabitants), Natukhais, Temirgoys, Kerkineys and Trans-Kuban Nagais (about 19,000 people) took citizenship. But since the movement against Russia of some trans-Kuban peoples did not stop, Emmanuel decided to send a new expedition of three columns beyond the Kuban. This expedition ended very successfully. For intensive work to conquer and pacify the Caucasus, Emmanuel in June 1828 was promoted to general from the cavalry.

The following year, wanting to collect accurate information about Mount Elbrus and its environs, and at the same time intending to make a strong impression in the minds of the mountaineers by appearing in the very heart of their fortresses, auls, he decided to undertake an expedition to Elbrus. In this expedition, at his suggestion, the Academy of Sciences also took part, which elected him an honorary member.

In 1830, Emmanuel was granted the eternal and hereditary possession of 6,000 acres of land in the Caucasus region. The following year, he went on a long vacation and settled in Elizavetgrad (now Kirovograd), where he died on January 14, 1837, in the 62nd year of his birth.

Expedition of General Emmanuel to Elbrus

From the memoirs of Academician Kupfer

The expedition spent the night at one of the sites on the Black Mountains. "Only the next day - July 23 - at noon, the Hungarian traveler de Bess noticed through a telescope on the sparkling covers of Elbrus four people who were trying to reach the top of the mountain. Three of them soon disappeared from sight, the fourth rose higher and higher - and suddenly the figure it was outlined in relief above the very crown of Elbrus. He was, as it turned out later, the Kabardian Kilyar, a native of Nalchik.

The troops marked this moment with three rifle shots. Kilyar did not see anyone or anything (we are talking about Prometheus among the Greeks, about an old man chained to the top of a mountain for disobeying Allah, about a crowd of genies among the Circassians). In memory of his ascent, he brought a black stone with greenish veins, which turned out to be basalt. General Emmanuel ordered to split it into two equal parts, sent one to St. Petersburg, and handed the other to the Hungarian scientist de Bess for storage in the national museum of the city of Pest (part of modern Budapest).

The scientific expedition descended to the camp on the same day, July 23. In honor of this event, General Emmanuel gave a ceremonial dinner, which was attended by representatives of Kabarda, Karachay, Uruspiy and other trans-Kuban peoples. The toast to Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich, the patron of sciences, was accompanied by a volley of weapons. They raised a toast to General Emmanuel, to scientists, to the Kabardian Kilyar, to the actual annexation of Elbrus to the possessions of the Russian Empire. Kilyar was awarded a solemnly well-deserved prize.

By order of the general, in memory of this outstanding event, the following text was carved on the rock (we quote in full): “In the reign of the All-Russian Emperor Nicholas 1, the commander of the troops on the Caucasian line, General of the Cavalry Georgy Emmanuel, camped here from July 20 to July 23, 1829. With him were : his son Georgy, fourteen years old academicians sent by the Russian Government: Kupfer, Lenz, Menetrier, Meyer, an official of the mountain corps Vansovich, the architect of Mineralnye Vody Joseph Bernadazzi and the Hungarian traveler Ivan de Bess Academicians and Bernadazzi, leaving the camp located at eight thousand feet (1143 sazhens) above the sea surface, climbed on the twenty-second of Elbrus up to fifteen and a half thousand feet (2223 sazhens). Only the Kabardian Kilyar reached the top of it. Let this modest stone pass on to posterity the names of those who were the first to pave the way to reaching Elbrus, which until now was considered impregnable ". The same text was cast on an iron plate in the city of Lugansk in two copies, one of them is kept in Tbilisi, the other - in the Pyatigorsk Museum. The text is also cast in Arabic.

And to this day, disputes between various Caucasian peoples about who this Kilyar was by nationality, and about who owns the primacy of the official conquest of Elbrus - Karachays, Balkars or Kabardians do not subside.

In 1829, going on an expedition to Elbrus (and he led a detachment of 1000 people with him!), The general informed the rulers of Karachay and Balkaria about this, inviting them to a meeting. It took place at the very beginning of the journey, in the fortified point closest to the border of Kabarda and Karachay. The leaders of the Karachay and Balkarian people, princes Islam Krymshaukhalov and Myrzakul Urusbiev, came to meet with the general. The meeting was very responsible. The mountain peoples were afraid that the Russians were going to war (rob, to put it simply), and prepared for defense. The general not only assured them of their safety, he demonstrated friendly feelings and presented valuable gifts (which only the Tula samovar was worth). The highlanders tried not to be indebted, repaid what they could, and also put at the disposal of the expedition the five best guides, the five best hunters who went back and forth in the highlands. Only the names of two of them went down in history: Killar Khashirov and Akhiya Sottaev. Apparently they were the strongest. When Elbrus appeared to the general's gaze from the foot to the top, he was seized with real excitement. It was solemnly announced to all members of the expedition that those who climb Elbrus will receive an award. Emanuel determined the first prize at 100 rubles in silver. At that time it was a lot of money, especially for the highlanders. There was a lot to compete for.

Run number 1.

Everything suggests that there was a clear favorite in the race, his name was Killar Khashirov. He was among the five guides offered by Krymshauhalov. The prevailing opinion is that he was a Kabardian (as was written in some reports), although at that time all guides were indiscriminately called Circassians. I. Miziev's version seems more convincing, that Killar was from the Karachays. There are two groups of arguments. Let's just look at the logic first. The guides were given by Krymshauhalov and it was a very responsible matter. Could a Kabardian (they live in the foothills) be among the chosen ones, let alone be the leader of a group of guides among the Karachays and Balkars? And secondly, the surname Khashirov is found only in Karachay, there is no such surname in Kabarda. Moreover, there is historical evidence that later, travelers who visited the upper reaches of the Kuban, local residents told about Killar as a local resident.

And there is every reason to say that according to some unknown, but quite real hierarchy (maybe even set by the prince), it was Killar who was chosen by the "Circassians" as the ascendant. And it is possible that he later gave the money to the prince! In any case, it was believed that he was able to walk, and other mountaineers, it seems, deliberately, did not begin to compete with him. In addition to them, five scientists went to the top. Their leader was 30-year-old Academician Adolf Kupfer. And the greatest sportiness stood out 25-year-old Emil Lenz, shortly before that, returned from a three-year circumnavigation. However, serious competition could hardly be expected from the masters, this is not a lordly business after all. Another thing is the Cossacks (there were 20 of them), who knows what these Russians are capable of. For four hundred rubles!

Salute in honor of the highlander.

Killar took the lead from the first minute. It was in his footsteps that the group went to the place of spending the night on a rocky ridge. On July 22, 1829, Killar woke up before everyone else, in the middle of the night, and went out to the ascent in the dark. Is this not a confirmation of the seriousness of his intentions! On the last rocks, I dropped all unnecessary things and went light to the top. The weather was satisfactory and small incoming clouds did not significantly interfere with the ascent. At the top, Killar Khashirov, as evidence, left his hat, nailing it with stones. The highlander also descended at a fast pace, he arrived at the camp before the company of “academicians” exhausted to the limit arrived there. The second place in the race was taken by the Cossack Lysenkov, who did not reach the top, having exhausted himself, falling through the soft snow that thawed in the sun. 3rd-4th place, for which the awards were no longer supposed to be taken by Lenz and the Balkar Ahiya Sottaev from Urusbievo, who, together with other highlanders, provided great assistance to the academicians in their difficult descent down. Maybe they just saved their lives. General Emanuel carefully observed the progress of the ascent through the telescope. He saw how one of the climbers, judging by his clothes, was a Circassian, walking far ahead of everyone and soon disappeared from view in the area of the summit. A few minutes later, considering the deed done, the general gave the command to celebrate the achievement of the top of Elbrus with a drumbeat and a salute from guns. When all the participants of the ascent descended to the camp, a big gala dinner was arranged, all the winners received the promised prize money.

Cheboksary

Elbrus and Emmanuel

Yes, perhaps only one thing - the names begin with the letter "E" But Georgy Arsenyevich Emmanuel is a Russian military leader, a general from the cavalry of the Russian Imperial Army.
And his name is directly connected both with the Caucasus and with the conquest of Elbrus in particular. What Emmanuel did in his life cannot be described exactly in one post, here is just one fact: “In 1788, when Emmanuel was only 13 years old, the Turks invaded Banat towards Belgrade.
Everyone on their way fled, the inhabitants of Vershitsa also mostly left the city, but 13-year-old Emmanuel gathered his comrades and persuaded them to defend the city. Having obtained weapons, the boys actively began to prepare for defense and placed guards and posts everywhere.
When the Turks approached the city, the young men who defended it met them from the walls with gunfire.
The Turks, thinking that Vershits was occupied by a strong garrison, did not dare to approach him and passed by. "No, you understand? - at the age of 13!

On June 25, 1826, Emmanuel was appointed commander of the troops on the Caucasian line, in the Black Sea and Astrakhan, and the head of the Caucasian region.
Already in the following year, thanks to the efforts of E., many neighboring mountain tribes recognized Russian citizenship, such as: Tagaur, Karabulak, Digor, Balkar, Uruspi, Chegil, Khulam, Bezengi, part of the Chechens and Gumbetov (a total of 127 auls, 7457 families, 30,007 people of both sexes).
As a reward for this accession, made not by force of arms, but by clever orders, Emmanuel was awarded the Order of Alexander Nevsky. The following year, wanting to collect accurate information about Mount Elbrus and its environs, and at the same time intending to make a strong impression in the minds of the mountaineers by appearing in the very heart of their fortresses, auls, he decided to undertake an expedition to Elbrus.
In this expedition, at his suggestion, the Academy of Sciences also took part, which elected him an honorary member.

At eight o'clock on July 22, General Emmanuel himself left the camp with a small convoy and reached a high hill, from where a majestic view of Elbrus opened.
He was once again convinced of the possibility of reaching its summit. At 11 o'clock, having returned to his camp, the general began to form a caravan, which was supposed to accompany natural scientists.
"Hunters were called. Twenty Cossacks and one Kabardian, named Kilyar, came out." The expedition spent the night at one of the sites on the Black Mountains. "Only the next day - July 23 - at noon, the Hungarian traveler de Bess noticed through a telescope on the sparkling covers of Elbrus four people who were trying to reach the top of the mountain.
Three of them soon disappeared from sight, the fourth rose higher and higher - and suddenly his figure was outlined in relief above the very crown of Elbrus. He was, as it turned out later, the Kabardian Kilyar, a native of Nalchik. "The scientific expedition went down to the camp on the same day, July 23. In honor of this event, General Emmanuel gave a ceremonial dinner, which was attended by representatives of Kabarda, Karachai, Uruspiy and other trans-Kuban peoples The toast to Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich, the patron of sciences, was accompanied by a salvo of arms.
They raised a toast to General Emmanuel, to scientists, to the Kabardian Kilyar, to the actual annexation of Elbrus to the possessions of the Russian Empire. Kilyar was awarded a solemnly well-deserved prize. And these are the inhabitants of the Emmanuel glade - ground squirrels (pikas, evrazhkas, karbyshs, tarbagans, perhaps there are more options)

It seemed to be their coach or instructor.
It was visible from afar, by his precisely adjusted movements on the trail and by cool equipment.

Not far from the path that leads to the campground, a river flows, over there, behind the horse .. And there are also such bizarre remnants here.
How could such a strange shape, reminiscent of a swimming swan, have formed? This morning, my internal alarm went off again, which usually haunts me in places where interesting scenes are expected to shoot.
And so it turned out. Not only met the dawn, but also ran after a herd of horses, and then photographed them against the backdrop of snow-white Elbrus.
I rushed along the slopes until almost noon, so Zhenya barely waited for me, but it seems not in vain.

Grigory Amnuel is a rather mysterious media personality, perhaps because he is very active in Latvia.

Better known as director documentaries related to religious or government issues. Author of several books and articles.

personal information

However, his maternal relatives were Germans who left Latvia during the first revolution and moved to Moscow.

According to Grigory, his family still has photographs at home, which depict Tallinn, Kaliningrad and Jurmala of that time.

The photographs show the former German names.

His family did not experience any special repressions because of their nationality. But Grigory Markovich recalls the case when his mother could not enter MGIMO because she had German roots.

Grigory Amnuel himself graduated from the Faculty of History of the Pedagogical Institute of Tobolsk.

Nothing is known about his childhood and youth. However, his first marriage falls precisely on his student years. He turned out to be unsuccessful.

At 23, he remarried a Latvian girl. A year later, in 1981, a daughter was born to Grigory and his wife.

Then they lived in Riga.

Film and theater career

Grigory served for a long time as a director in the theaters of Moscow.

These are the Drama and Comedy Theater on Taganka and the Satire Theater on Triumphal Square.

According to the project of the American Councils, in 2005 he staged a performance on the stage of the Tolerance Theater "Crime in Laramie".

He has produced many independent film festivals abroad. For example, the festival of Russian cinema and culture in Italy and France.

He has made dozens of documentaries and sports films.

Among them are: "Fire and Ice", "Redlich - people of the opposite side", "Russians against russkikh" and others.

He became a diploma winner at the international film festival with the film "Awakening - a chronicle of turning points" in 1991.

In 1995, he received a prize from the Olympic Committee in the category "Best film about sports" for the film "Christmas dream, or a portrait against the background of hockey."

The topics discussed in the programs often touched upon Russia's interethnic relations with the Baltic countries, as well as controversial historical issues.

Creative activity and work in the media

In 1980-90s. years, he became the organizer of the tour of the violinist G. Kremer in Moscow.

Actively participated in the organization music festival"The Music of Lockinhausen". He also produced performances by the Cologne Philharmonic Chamber Music Orchestra.

It was installed in the courtyard in April 2016. Grigory Amnuel also took on all the financial costs for the manufacture of this monument.

He took part in the creation of music videos for Anatoly Gerasimov and Viktor Popov.

He is the editor of the Posev magazine, in which his journalistic works have been repeatedly published.

Social activity

He heads an open club with the telling name "International Dialogue".

The purpose of this club is to organize various international events in various areas: science, education, culture, social sphere.

On the basis of the club, there is a school in which young people get acquainted with European countries and independently form their own opinion about the existing international relations of Russia.

Grigory Markovich holds the position of Deputy CEO Soviet-American enterprise "ASK".

It was established in 1987 for the cooperation of American and Soviet filmmakers.

He is at the head of the EuroASK company.

It is a constant and invariable participant of international round tables and conferences on the problems of the Caucasus, the Baltic, as well as on the consideration of issues of international cooperation between Russia and NATO.

Awards received

For his active work in the field of cinema, Gregory was repeatedly awarded various prizes.

In addition, his work was appreciated and rewarded not only in Russia, but also in Latvia.

In 1992, immediately after the coup d'état, he was nominated for the medal "Defender of Free Russia", which was issued for defending the constitutional order of the state during the events of 1991.

In 2006, he received a certificate from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia “For promoting the independence of the State of Latvia”.

After 3 years, he was awarded the title of an officer of the Order of the Three Stars.

In 2010, the diploma "Polish Pegasus" was awarded

In 2011, Grigory Amnuel won the gold medal. I. Paul III, which is awarded only for special services to the Krakow Metropolis.

Born April 2, 1775 in the city of Vershice in the country Banat. In the first half of the 18th century, there was no such state as Serbia on the map of Europe, but there was a small state of Banat, which at the time of the birth of George belonged to the Austrian monarchy.

Georgy Arsenievich came from a noble Montenegrin family, his grandfather Manuel, for the services rendered to the Austrian government in actions against the Turks, received the title of hereditary prince. However, after a few years, Banat fell under the dominion of Hungary. Having become Hungarian nobles of Serbian origin, his relatives received a new surname in the Hungarian way - Emanuel.

Georgy studied at the Vershitsky School, showed a penchant for studying foreign languages and military affairs. At the age of thirteen, George Emanuel showed decisiveness and military ingenuity when the Turks invaded the Banat. Many residents left Vershits.

George, together with his brother Simeon, created a militia from their teenage comrades. The young men gathered weapons in the city, set up posts, and prepared for defense. And when the Turkish regiments approached the city, the young defenders sounded the alarm and acted so boldly and decisively that the Turks had the impression that there was a strong garrison in the city, and they decided to pass by.

Encouraged by the success, George Emanuel left Banat and decided to volunteer in Serbia, having embarked on the difficult path of a warrior at the age of 14. Three years later, in the Austrian army, he was introduced to the rank corporal junker took part in the campaign against France. For the courage shown and the three wounds received, the Austrian emperor awarded George gold medal with the inscription "For bravery".

Having recovered from his wounds, in 1794 George Emmanuel entered the Hungarian noble guard as a second lieutenant. While serving in the guard, he began to improve his education: he studied French and Italian (he learned German earlier), and was engaged in military sciences.

George, together with his father, petitioned the Hungarian emperor Franz Joseph to provide their family with a pension for services to the crown. However, no positive decision was received. After resigning, he went to Russia with the intention of joining the Russian army.

Arriving in Moscow a few days before the coronation, during the watch parade, he was noticed by the tsar and enlisted as a lieutenant in the Life Hussar Regiment. The following year, Paul I promoted Emmanuel to staff captains, and a year later he became a captain, and at the age of 25 he became colonel Russian army.

Then Emmanuel served in the Kiev Dragoon Regiment, with which he participated in the campaigns of 1805-1807. against Napoleon's Grand Army. During Pultusk battle commanded two squadrons, was wounded in the leg, but continued to lead the battle. For the differences shown in this case, Emmanuel in January 1806 received a golden saber with the inscription "For Courage".

A year later, two more orders appeared on the chest of Georgy Arsenyevich: St. Vladimir of the 4th degree with a bow and St. Anna of the 2nd degree. For distinction in battles Gutstate and at Heilsberg. He was wounded again left hand... During the retreat of the Russian army after the battle of Friedland, with a small cavalry detachment, he destroyed all the rafts and crossings along the Neman, preventing the French from bypassing our army.

Acting in the rearguard of the army, Emmanuel's brigade took part in the battle of Mir on June 28 - they defeated several enemy cavalry regiments. Georgy Arsenievich was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd degree. Participated in the battle at Novoselki, Saltanovka, distinguished himself in the battle of Smolensk.

After leaving the French, Emmanuel was in the forefront, all the while stubbornly pursuing the enemy. Participated in the battles near Maloyaroslavets, Vyazma, showing miracles of courage, captured many prisoners. For distinction in the war against the Napoleonic army at the end of December 1812, he was promoted to major generals.

General Emmanuel G.A. participated in the foreign campaign of the Russian army. In 1813 he was under siege of fortresses, first Modlin, then Glogau. In April, he took command of a flying detachment that covered the left flank of the allied army, defended the crossing of the allied troops across the Elbe, and was engaged in reconnaissance.

Detachment of Emmanuel in the battle under Bautzen destroyed almost an entire French dragoon regiment. In the battle at Yauer, he captured 600 people. For the distinctions shown during the command of the flying detachment, General Emmanuel was awarded the Order of St. Anna 1st class, and the Prussian king awarded him the Order Red Eagle 2nd class.

Then Emmanuel commanded the cavalry of the vanguard of the corps of General Langeron A.F. In early August, Georgy Arsenyevich with his units crossed the Beaver River at Sieben-Eichen, in a battle with the enemy, he captured many prisoners, including the convoy of the marshal Macdonald but got surrounded. The vanguard managed to break out of the encirclement, while not losing not a single weapon.

General Emmanuel showed exceptional courage and diligence in a number of battles during the offensive movement on Dresden, for rare differences in these fights, Georgy Arsenyevich in August 1813 was awarded the Order of St. George 3rd degree.

In the Battle of the Nations near Emmanuel, with two regiments, he withstood the onslaught of 6 French regiments, and then he himself attacked and defeated them. In addition, he captured 2 's generals, two dozen officers and many lower ranks. One of the generals was Lauriston, which, by order, was transferred to the main apartment, which caused dissatisfaction with the commander of the allied army, field marshal G. Blucher, in whose subordination was Emmanuel's detachment. Therefore, neither Emmanuel nor his subordinates received awards for their feat.

Then Emmanuel fearlessly, calmly and diligently fought as part of the corps of Count Saint-Prix, distinguished himself in battle under Reims and actually saved the corps from defeat. He took an active part in the capture of Paris, was promoted to lieutenant generals and was awarded several foreign orders. Upon the return of the Russian army to Russia, Emmanuel was appointed commander 4th Dragoon Division.

At the funeral of Alexander I in the Peter and Paul Cathedral, Lieutenant General Emmanuel G.A. helped, together with two other assistants, the new emperor Nicholas I in the procedure for the burial of his brother.

In June 1826, Nicholas I appointed Georgy Arsenievich commander of the troops on Caucasian line and chief Caucasian region. Thanks to his efforts, many mountain tribes and peoples recognized Russian citizenship. In addition, Georgy Arsenyevich did a lot to restore calm among the highlanders. He sent an expedition beyond the Kuban to pacify some of the Trans-Kuban peoples. For fruitful work on the conquest and appeasement of the Caucasus, Emmanuel G.A. in June 1828 was produced in cavalry generals.

In 1829, General Emmanuel organized and led the first Russian scientific expedition to Elbrus to collect accurate data about the mountain and its surroundings. As a result, the general was elected an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences. In addition, the conquest of Elbrus significantly strengthened the authority of Russia in the eyes of the highlanders.

In 1831 in the battle against Kazi-Mulla under the fortress sudden General Emmanuel received the seventh, most severe wound in the chest, after which he could no longer recover, retired and settled on his estate in Elizavetgrad, near the city of Nikolaev, where the hero died on January 14, 1837.