Always be in the mood. Freshwater plants

Below in the tables we have systematized and presented for you the most common and accessible to cultivation in middle lane coastal and submerged plants. Both generally require moist soil and a sunny location, and planting depth is also important.

The table shows other important parameters for selecting plants: height, color of leaves and flowers, care requirements. We hope that the compiled table will be useful to you.

Please visit the "Aquatic Plant Baskets" section of our catalog to select containers for planting plants.

In the second table you will find plants that are planted on land, some of them require shelter for the winter, and most of them also require good, resource-rich soil. Therefore, you may be interested in such sections of our catalog as: , and Fertilizers and preparations for plants

Name	Flowering time	Height	Flower coloring	Landing location	Comments	Image
hedgehog	July August	up to 80 cm	Yellow	Sunny area and fertile soil	It is advisable to plant in a container to limit spreading. Submerged 5-50 cm. For large and small reservoirs, including running water.
Yellow or marsh iris (Iris pseudacorus)	June, April-October	up to 150 cm	Yellow with brown pattern	Sunny area and fertile soil. Doesn't bloom in partial shade	In nature, you can find forms with different brightness of color, for example, cream. Suitable for any body of water as a coastal and submerged plant up to 40 cm.
	June-July, April-October	up to 1 m	Bright blue or purple with a yellow streak	Same as for yellow iris. Tolerates flooding up to 20 cm	Irises are an undeniable decoration for any pond; they go well with any plants.
Marsh marigold (Caltha palustris)	April-May, April-June	up to 40 cm	Golden	Sunny area and fertile soil. Coastal plant. During flowering it can tolerate flooding up to 20 cm	Winter-hardy and unpretentious. All parts of the plant are poisonous.
	April-May, April-June	up to 20 cm	Often one, but large White flower, decorated with a wreath of bright yellow stamens	The same as for marsh marigold, but thin-cupped marigold does not tolerate shading	For the coastal zone, the plant is small and neat, rarely found.
	April-May, April-June	1.2 m	Yellow	Same as for marsh marigold	Good winter hardiness. Used similarly to marsh marigold.
	July-August, May-October	up to 2.5 m	Grayish green	Undemanding, tolerates partial shade	Coastal or submerged plant up to 20 cm. Looks better in large bodies of water. When planting, it is better to plant in a container so that they do not spread.
	July, May-October	up to 1.5 m	Green	Unpretentious, light-loving. Immersion up to 20 cm	Easily spreads rhizomes into adjacent containers. May damage pond liner. It grows more strongly in light, moist soils and can suppress other plants.
Pontederia cordifolia	Mid July - early October	up to 60 cm	Blue-violet or blue	An extremely capricious plant. Prefers open sunny places in fresh, nutritious soil. Does not tolerate soil freezing. Recommended planting depth: 8 cm below water level	In the conditions of the Moscow region it does not overwinter; it is recommended to move it indoors for winter storage.
	June August	25 - 100 cm	The three inner leaves are pale pink, with thin crimson veins, the three outer ones are reddish-greenish with purple tint	Sunny, with silty nutrient soil. It is recommended to plant at a depth of 8-10 cm	Susak requires almost no care, but can grow too much. Therefore, when planting, it is recommended to limit the area occupied by this plant in one way or another.
	July, April-October	up to 30 cm	Creamy white	Sun or partial shade. Can grow without water on moisture-absorbing permeable soils	The variegated, brightly colored leaves of Houttuynia are, of course, its main decoration. The leaves of this variety are painted in the colors of a traffic light - green, yellow, red with their different shades, nuances and smooth transitions.
	July August	10-70 cm	White, pale pink with yellow marigold	Sun or partial shade. Shallow water or marshy shore with fertile and clay soil. Planted at 5-20 cm	Has good winter hardiness
	June August	up to 60 cm	Hot pink	Unpretentious, light-loving. Immersion up to 50 cm	It is best to plant in a container to prevent spreading. Has good winter hardiness
	July, May-September	90-120 cm	Brown, green, lilac	In the sun and in partial shade. Coastal or submerged up to 20 cm	It grows quickly and produces weeds. It has long been widely cultivated in landscape parks as ground cover plant.

Coastal plants

Name	Flowering time	Height	Flower coloring	Landing location	Comments	Image
	June July	up to 1 m	Greenish yellow	Open, sunny places. A moist area in the garden, with humus-rich, light, silty soil	Perennial frost-resistant herbaceous plant. They are distinguished from the leaves of other aquatic plants by a “frill” along the edge.
Valerian officinalis (Valeriana officinalis)	July-August, May-October	120-180 cm	White, pale purple or pink	Wet area of soil	How are the collected medicinal raw materials used? late autumn, less often in early spring, peeled, washed and dried rhizomes with roots.
	June-July, May-October	50-120 cm	Golden yellow	Wet area of soil	Perennial herbaceous plant, folk medicine used for medicinal purposes.
	June-July, April-October	30-70 cm	Purple		A long-lived and problem-free plant. On a hot summer day it is very fragrant.
	June-July, August-October	up to 80 cm		Moist, loose soil in shade and partial shade	Perennial medicinal and ornamental plant.
	May-June, May-August	30-60 cm	Dark purple	Sunny, moist area of soil	Perennial herbaceous plant. Listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.
	May-June, May-October	up to 1 m	Pink	Sunny, moist area of soil	Perennial herbaceous medicinal plant with a straight, hollow, unbranched stem.
	April May	up to 1.5 m	Pinkish white	Moist, loose soil in partial shade	Darmera is used to decorate the banks of reservoirs, where it combines well with Rogersia, astilbe and calamus iris.
	July, May-October	0.8-1.4 m	Purple-red	Moist, loose soil in sun and partial shade	Domestic shrub for gardens with moist soil. We love bees and butterflies.
	June-July, April-October	30-100 cm	Lilac-purple or violet	Sunny, moist area of soil	Groups of multi-colored iris will look very natural in the so-called natural gardens. It also goes well with marsh iris.
	June-July, April-October	up to 80 cm	Dark blue	Sunny, moist area of fertile, cultivated soil	Simple varieties do not require special care. Modern hybrids, distinguished by their sophistication and even pretentiousness, require complex care. These varieties winter worse and do not always bloom profusely.
	May-June, April-July	30-70 cm	Yellow or orange	Open, illuminated areas in front of trees or shrubs, large spots on the lawn	Swimsuits are good in combination with stone. Ideally, slides should imitate the natural scattering of stones and fragments of vegetation. One of the valuable properties of swimsuits is the ability to create unique, long-lasting bouquets. The bouquet is decorative until all the buds completely wither.
	June, April-October	30-70 cm	Purple, white or pink	Light loamy, well-aerated fertile soils	Particular care should be taken to monitor plants planted in an open sunny place. Insufficient watering in hot sunny weather can lead to temporary wilting of leaves and inflorescences.
Brown-yellow daylily (Hemerocallis fulva)	June, April-October	up to 1 m	Reddish-red tones	Sunny, moist area of soil	Natural views daylilies are reliable, resistant to diseases and pests, do not suffer from drought and waterlogging, and are very durable.
	July, May-October	up to 1 m	Pinkish-violet, purple or white	Planted on a damp or marshy area of the coast, sunny or shaded. They don’t care about the composition of the soil	An unpretentious local plant, completely uncompetitive - you will have to make sure that others do not kill it. Winter-hardy.
	July-August, May-September	60-90 cm	Blue-violet	Wet area of soil	If you want to create an oasis of serenity and tranquility in your garden, where you can relax and relieve tension after the bustle of the city and the rush of a working day, then you obviously cannot do without lobelia.
	May-June, April-July	up to 50 cm	Yellow	Sunny, moist area of soil	Used in folk medicine to treat burns and wounds.
	June-August, May-October	up to 45 cm	Greenish yellow	Light area of soil	This amazing fact, however, the soft mantle belongs to the same large family of Rosaceae, which also includes the well-known rose.
	September, May-October	up to 2 m	White	Undemanding, but prefers fresh soil	When planting miscanthus, you should take into account the growth pattern various types: if varieties of Chinese miscanthus keep their bush shape well, growing rather slowly, then sugar miscanthus can be quite aggressive.
	April May	up to 1.5 m	Yellow, yellow-green	Light and nutritious soils. They do not tolerate heavy and wet soils, otherwise they will rot in winter!	Grows well in open or semi-shaded areas.
	May, April-October	up to 30 cm	Blue with a yellow eye in the middle	Sunny, moist, fertilized area of soil	It tolerates spring drought and even frosts down to minus 5 °C. It blooms for a long time (30-40 days).
	June, April-October	70-150 cm	White	Sunny, moist area of soil	It is better to keep spreading sedges in containers that can contain their pressure.
	August-September, May-October	up to 150 cm	Light pink to lilac purple	Sunny, moist area of soil	The window sill is a real decoration of the garden, especially at the end of summer, when large corymbose inflorescences appear against the backdrop of powerful bushes.
	April May	up to 20 cm	Purple pink	Sunny, moist area of soil	Small to medium-sized perennial primrose, which blooms in early spring, is distinguished by smooth leaves with a serrated edge.
	June July	up to 50 cm	Orange-yellow	Sunny, moist area of soil	Plant the plant in a partially shaded or, if the soil is moist enough, sunny place. Very beautiful near ponds and streams. Requires winter shelter.
	May, April-June	35-60 cm	Dark bronze or purple	Sunny, moist area of soil	Found in temperate zone North America And Far East from Japan (Hokkaido and Honshu) through Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands to Kamchatka and Primorye.
	May, April-June	35-60 cm	Pinkish-white with characteristic speckles	Sunny, moist area of soil	Good on rocky areas and in mixed borders in combination with peons, daffodils, and tulips.
	All year round	up to 50 cm	Lilac-violet	Wet area of soil	Tradescantia are able to adapt to almost any living conditions; They are shade-tolerant, but in too dark a place they turn pale, stretch out and partially lose their decorative effect.
	May, April-September	20-30 cm	Light purple to whitish	Sunny, moist area of soil	The marsh violet is known as a honey-bearing and ornamental plant. In decorative floriculture, it is recommended to use it as a ground cover plant when decorating artificial reservoirs.
Hosta sieboldiana "Eleganz"	July August	up to 50 cm	Pale purple to white	Nutritious, moist, well-drained soil	English gardeners advise scattering the plants over the surface of the soil before planting. organic fertilizers
	June-July, April-October	up to 60 cm	Purple or white	Sunny patch of soil	The Common Blackhead species is an antioxidant, stimulates the immune system, inhibits viral diseases and inflammation.
	June-July, April-October	20-70 cm	White	Pike is an unpretentious, long-living plant. Grows well on various types soil Loves sun and partial shade, but hardly blooms in shade	Prefers moist soils and moderate temperatures; does not do well in dry, hot climates.
	July August	1.5-2 m	yellow		They are unpretentious to soils. They can grow in one place for 15-20 years without transplanting. Most species are frost-resistant. They are virtually not susceptible to disease.
	Aug. Sept	up to 1 m	yellow - fiery orange	Sunny, damp, wind-free place near a pond (partial shade, if not next to a pond)	The same as for Buzulnik angustifolia

An ordinary, unremarkable pond can be turned into a picturesque oasis - a piece of paradise that attracts the attention of all your friends. They will help you with this aquatic plants for an artificial pond, which are able to live and develop exclusively in reservoirs. Depending on the depth of growth, they are divided into deep-sea, underwater and floating. We invite you to understand a little about each of these types so that you can confidently know what is right for you.

Luxurious plants for the pond - nymphs

Rooting of these specimens occurs at the bottom of the pond, that is, the roots are in the ground, and leaves and flowers protrude a short distance above the water or lie on its surface. As a rule, deep-sea plants have unusually decorative flowers and wide leaves, which not only decorate the pond, but also create a shadow on the surface that prevents overheating of the water and the proliferation of unwanted algae in it.

The brightest representatives of this group are nymphs, also known as water lilies or water lilies. Thanks to the work of breeders, there are currently more than 35 species of nymphs. Their beautiful flowers can be different shades of red, yellow, blue, white. Their sizes are also different, depending on the species, ranging from 2.5 cm for the dwarf water lily to 15 cm for the snow-white water lily. There are varieties designed for shallow and deep reservoirs, large and small - all this must be taken into account when purchasing these plants.

Another frequent inhabitant of fresh water bodies are water lilies, which are relatives of nymphs and belong to the same family of water lilies. These aquatic plants for decorative pond, of course, they look simpler than water lilies, but they are also easier to care for. Dark- yellow flowers The egg capsule and its floating flat leaves will, under suitable conditions, quickly grow and fill most of the surface of the pond. Many varieties of egg capsules allow you to choose plants with flowers from 3 to 8 cm. Dwarf egg capsule is especially popular among owners of artificial reservoirs.

Aponogeton bispica has long been a traditional plant for ponds in the middle zone, with dark green leaves and white flowers that adorn the plant throughout the summer. From a tuber planted at a depth of 30-60 cm from the surface of the water, a stem with snow-white flowers grows. Aquatic plants rarely have an odor, but Aponogeton bispica has one and is reminiscent of the sweet aroma of vanilla.

In a man-made pond, plants such as bogwort and brazenia will look great. The heat-loving lotus can become an incredible decoration for a reservoir, but, unfortunately, it will not take root in the middle zone, since it is an inhabitant of exclusively southern regions.

Floating Pond Plants

Unlike deep-sea representatives, floating plants are not anchored by roots in the bottom soil. Their root system is in the water, from where nutrients come, and a rosette of leaves floats on the surface. These are unique natural filters that purify water from impurities and make it crystal clear.

This is primarily due to the fact that small leaves covering the water surface significantly reduce the amount of light entering into the depths, and, therefore, make it impossible for blue-green algae to reproduce. Also, thread-like roots pull mineral salts from the water, depriving the algae of nutrition. In addition to the fact that floating plants bring undeniable benefits to the pond, many of them also bloom, giving the pond incredible charm.

Vodokras is exactly such a plant, the beauty of which is already inherent in its name. Its small snow-white flowers with a yellow center will open throughout the summer. For shallow artificial reservoirs, this plant is a godsend, as it is not afraid high temperatures and blooms especially intensively in warm water in hot summer conditions.

Pond decoration with aloe-like leaves - telores

For large ponds located in the shade, another floating plant is more suitable - teloresis with unusual aloe-like leaves. Delicate white flowers complete the decorative look of this unusual plant. If you place the telorez in a deep reservoir, then you will not need to worry about overwintering it - when cold weather sets in, the plant will sink to the bottom, and in the spring it will rise to the surface again.

Plants for an artificial pond - water hyacinths

If you happen to have a polluted body of water that needs to be cleaned quickly, release water hyacinth or eichornia there. Its roots are capable of processing organic pollutants at high speed, which are a kind of food for this plant. Well, its decoration is large flowers, which resemble hyacinth inflorescences, quickly filling the entire reservoir with a motley purple carpet.

Underwater plants

These representatives of aquatic plants are called oxygenators, as they enrich the water in which they live with oxygen. Many underwater species absorb mineral salts through their roots, suppressing the spread of blue-green algae and helping to soften the water. In addition, oxygen generators process fish waste, thus further purifying the water. The most common representatives of this group are: swampweed, urut, turcha, elodea, hornwort.

Underwater plants for a decorative pond - urut

Planting aquatic plants

So, the aquatic plants for the pond have been selected - it’s time to start planting them. If with floating species everything is simple - just release them into a reservoir, where they will take care of themselves, then with plants that take root in the ground, everything is more complicated. They need to be planted. This can be done in two ways: root at the bottom or in a basket filled with soil. If your pond is deep enough and the plants chosen are winter-hardy, then you can plant them directly on the bottom of the pond; in all other cases, planting in baskets is preferable. In this case, when cold weather sets in, you can easily raise the plants to the surface and spend the winter in a cooler climate. warm conditions.

When choosing soil for aquatic plants, it is better to choose heavy loam - this medium is the most suitable. Store-bought mixtures are not suitable for these purposes, as they are too light and not nutritious enough.

Baskets with planted plants should be placed at the bottom of the pond at the rate of no more than two per 1 m2 of area - this way the leaves and flowers will not be crowded in your pond.

It is best to start transforming the pond in the spring - that is when the plants are most likely to take root. In addition, the time for flowering is approaching. Once you see the flowers of luxurious nymphs and charming egg capsules, you will no longer be able to refuse them, because with them your pond will become a real work of landscape art.

Aquatic plants living in garden ponds are needed not only for decorating the surface of the water and the coastline. Some of them, the leaves of which are on the surface of the reservoir, protect its inhabitants from overheating in extreme heat. Others, being a powerful biofilter, purify water from bacteria and harmful impurities. In addition, aquatic plants also serve as food for the inhabitants of the reservoir.

The area of the water surface occupied by plants should not exceed 20% of the total area of the reservoir. We must also remember that for the successful growth and development of aquatic plants, it is necessary that the surface of the water be illuminated by the sun for 5-6 hours a day.

Aquatic plants are divided into deep-water, floating and shallow-water.

Deep sea plants

The roots of these plants are located in the bottom soil, and the leaves and flowers are located on the surface of the water.

Water lily (Nymphaea) - water lily, a nymphea, without which it is simply impossible to imagine any pond.

Water lilies are cold-resistant aquatic plants that successfully winter in open reservoirs of our climate zone. Water lilies bloom from about mid-May until cold weather. But the peak of flowering occurs in mid-summer. One flower lives 4-5 days. Faded flowers should be removed along with part of the stem. It is advisable to remove old yellowed leaves with brown spots.

The diameter, color, doubleness of the flower and variegation of the leaves depend on the variety.

The depth of the reservoir required for normal growth and development also depends on the variety: for dwarf varieties For water lilies, 20-40 cm is enough, for medium ones - 60-80 cm, for giant ones - 80-150 cm.

Capsule (Nuphar)- in our reservoirs the yellow egg capsule (Nuphar lutea) is mainly used.

Unpretentious yellow egg pods grow and bloom in ponds even with little light. Egg capsules can easily overwinter at a very shallow depth - only 30-40 cm, so they are indispensable for shallow water bodies. The planting depth of the egg pods is 30-60 cm.

The egg capsules have beautiful bright green leaves, similar to the leaves of water lilies, and bright yellow flowers, slightly raised above the water, with a diameter of 4-6 cm.

Whiteflower shield-leaved(Nymphoides peltata)or nymphaeum, which received this name for its external resemblance to a small water lily, is a rather aggressive plant in a pond. Its growth must be limited, otherwise it will quickly fill the entire space of the reservoir.

The white flowers are medium-sized (5-6 cm) round leaves with a slightly wavy edge and bright yellow flowers raised above the water, 4-5 cm in diameter with a fringed edge.

The planting depth of the white-flowered shield-leaved plant is 40-80 cm.

floating plants

Due to the ability of these plants to effectively purify water, they are called biofilters. Thanks to the various rosettes of leaves, in which daughter rosettes grow along the periphery during the summer, floating plants look very interesting. They do not need to be fixed in the bottom soil, since floating plants receive all their nutrients from water, which is absorbed by the roots located in the thickness of this very water.

Frog watercolor (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae) - a real “janitor” in a reservoir, collecting all aquatic debris on its underwater parts. The growth rate is moderate.

It blooms throughout the summer with medium-sized white trefoils, slightly rising above the water. Small leaves with a diameter of 2.5-3 cm are similar to the leaves of a miniature water lily.

The frog's watercolor hibernates in the form of buds formed at the end of the stolons, which in winter time sink into deeper layers of water.

It develops equally well in the sun and in the shade. The branch of peripheral rosettes reproduces in early summer.

Pistia stratiotes- this heat-loving plant, called water lettuce, is one of the best natural filters that can remove excess organic matter dissolved in water from water. The dense rosette of pistia is assembled from dense, drooping light green leaves no more than 15 cm high and up to 30 cm wide. Under the base of the rosette there is a long, highly branched root lobe.

Pistia develops well in a warm sunny pond.

Not winter-hardy in open waters. Overwinters in an aquarium with warm water, or a container with damp moss at a temperature of +4-5 degrees.

Floating pondweed (Potamogeton natans) - a fast-growing floating plant with brownish-green narrow oval leaves 9-12 cm long and 4-6 cm wide. Some of the leaves and long stems are under water. It grows well in both sunny and slightly shaded ponds. Feels great in shallow water.

Floating pondweed reproduces stem cuttings.

Lesser duckweed (Lemna minor) -O A very small plant floating on the surface of the water, consisting of three rounded leaves. Sooner or later, individual “lawns” of duckweed will appear in the pond, but you should not be upset - duckweed grows strongly only in abandoned reservoirs with a high content of organic matter.

Salvinia natans- relict aquatic fern. Textured oval leaves located on short floating stems are green or bronze-green in color. The small roots of salvinia are located on the underside of the stems. Prefers sunny and warm waters. It reproduces by spores that overwinter at the bottom of the reservoir.

Shallow water plants (coastal plants)

This is the most large group plants that can grow at different degrees of soil moisture: some grow directly in the shallow water zone at a planting depth of 5-20 cm, others on heavily moist periodically flooded soils, but without immersion in water.

Common calamus (Acorus calamus) - fast growing unpretentious perennial with hard, belt-shaped leaves up to 120 cm high. The photo shows the variety Variegatus, which grows more slowly and has a wide cream stripe.

Calamus perfectly purifies water and is an excellent biofilter. They grow well both in the sun and in significant shade.Planting depth 5-20 cm.

Marsh calla (Calla palustris), marsh calla - absolutely unpretentious plant with dark green, shiny, heart-shaped leaves that decorate the pond throughout the summer. In May-June, the calliper appears a fairly large white “veil”, which is mistakenly considered a flower. Small flowers marsh whitefly are collected into a short cob. At the end of summer, the calliper bears bright red fruits.

In excessively nutritious swamp water, the whitefly can become an aggressor, so in such cases its growth must be limited, especially in small ponds.

Grows well in both sun and shade. Planting depth 10-15 cm.

THE PLANT IS POISONOUS!

Three-leaf watch (Menyanthes trifoliata)- an unpretentious, spectacular perennial with bright green trifoliate leaves. In May and June, pinkish buds appear at the trifoliate, from which white flowers with ciliated edges of the petals open. The flowers are collected in racemes up to 20 cm long.

Prefers sunny locations, but tolerates some shade. Propagated by dividing rhizomes and seeds.

Planting depth 5-10 cm.

Swamp iris (Iris pseudacorus) - a powerful, rapidly growing perennial up to 120 cm high. Marsh iris has bright green, strap-shaped leaves and yellow flowers that appear en masse in early summer.

It can grow in both sun and shade, but blooms poorly in the shade.

On this moment Many varieties with double flowers and variegated leaves have been bred.

Planting depth 10-20 cm.

Marsh marigold (Caltha palustris)- a very ornamental plant that blooms in early May. Dark green shiny round-heart-shaped leaves with pronounced veining beautifully set off large (4-6 cm) bright yellow flowers with a waxy coating.

Prefers sun or light partial shade. Propagated by dividing the bush at the end of summer or by seeds.

Planting depth 5-10 cm.

Lake reed (Scirpus lacustris)- this plant can be found under the name "kuga". An unpretentious rhizomatous perennial up to 3 m high with narrow dark green leaves, hollow inside. It blooms in the second half of summer with brownish-brown spikelets collected in paniculate inflorescences.

Planting depth 5-20 cm.

Forest reed (Scirpus silvatica)- a plant often found in very humid places in our region. Forest reed has fairly wide, light green, belt-shaped leaves collected in rosettes. It blooms with very attractive loose panicles. Nice plant for a small pond.

Planting depth 5-20 cm.

Forget-me-not (Myosotis palustris)- a perennial, fast-growing plant for shallow waters. Blooms in summer with characteristic small blue flowers. Plant height 25-30 cm.

Prefers well-lit places. Propagated by stem cuttings or seeds.

Planting depth 5-10 cm.

Pontederia cordata - A very showy plant with beautifully shaped bright green leaves. It blooms in mid-summer with bluish-purple flowers collected in dense inflorescences.

Prefers places well warmed by the sun. In our climatic zone not winter-hardy, as it needs a warm winter. It is easier to grow it in a container and store it in a warm room for winter storage.

Propagated by division of rhizomes.

Juncus effusus is a wonderful fast-growing graceful perennial with long needle-shaped leaves and graceful inflorescences. A good choice for shallow water.

It is noteworthy that in winter, the spreading rush is an excellent conductor of air under the ice of a reservoir. Grows well in both sun and partial shade.

Propagates by self-sowing. Planting depth 5-10 cm.

Common arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia)- a very hardy and fast-growing perennial plant. At the beginning of summer it blooms with large lilac-white flowers collected in dense cone-shaped inflorescences. Arrowhead has very decorative fruits - round cones.

Prefers sunny places. It reproduces by buds that form at the ends of stolons, as well as by seeds.

Planting depth is 15-20 cm. When planted deeper, arrowhead may stop blooming, and the leaves may lose their arrow-shaped shape.

Umbrella squirrel (Butomus umbrellatus)- an elegant, unpretentious, rather tall (80-120 cm) perennial with narrow dark green leaves. It blooms in loose, umbrella-shaped inflorescences of pale pink flowers on long, bare stems. Flowering continues almost all summer. Grows well in both sun and shade. Common ponytail (Hippuris vulgaris) or water pine is a perennial unpretentious plant with vertical stems covered with whorls of needle-like leaves. The shoots look like small pine branches.

Prefers well-lit places.

Planting depth 5-10 cm.

Decorative ponds are widely used in landscape design. A mirror pond, a winding stream, an artificial waterfall add uniqueness to the park area or personal plot. Luxurious greenery and flowering aquatic plants create a picturesque composition of a miniature or large reservoir.

Varieties of aquatic plants

Flora living in a pond serves not only as decoration. It acts as a natural filter, absorbing organic residues and bacteria. Maintains the purity and transparency of water, saturating it with oxygen. Large leaves reflect the sun's rays on a hot summer day and protect the water surface from overheating.

Turtles, fish, snails and other inhabitants of the reservoir feel good in the shade of spreading thickets. The ecosystem features of a natural or artificial pond depend on what plants grow in the water.

Several groups can be distinguished:

deep-sea;
floating;
coastal and moisture-loving;
oxygenators or purifiers.

When choosing plants, you need to take into account the location of the reservoir and its illumination. Many decorative representatives of aquatic flora need 5-6 hours of direct sunlight per day to grow and bloom.

Some species do well in more shaded areas. The water surface occupied by plants should be no more than 1/5 of the total area of the reservoir.

Deep sea species

This group includes the majority flowering plants, which take root in the ground and need good sunlight. They are planted in the central part of the pond. The depth should be at least half a meter. Names of aquatic plants used for decorative purposes:

Where does the cattail plant grow and for what purposes is it used?

floating plants

These species have a developed root system and absorb nutrients directly from the water. They are not fixed in the ground. A shallow depth is sufficient for them. Free-floating roots provide shelter for small inhabitants of the reservoir. These plants are a biological filter. They grow quickly in the pond, so pruning and removal of excess shoots is necessary. The most popular among them:

Organizing a decorative pond at your dacha with your own hands

Coastal and moisture-loving varieties

They grow well in shallow water and along the coastline. Most often they serve a decorative function. The most common of them:

Yellow water lily from the Red Book

Pond cleaners

Oxygenators are used to purify and filter water. They absorb carbon dioxide, release oxygen and prevent water blooms, preventing algae from actively reproducing. Most of the plant is below the surface. The following are used as cleaners:

Along the banks of rivers, lakes, ponds, reservoirs on coastal, moist soil, coastal plants grow - shrubs, herbaceous plants, forming the vegetation background of reservoirs. Such plants include:

Swamp swamp;
Forget-me-not swamp;
Cane.

Like all green spaces, they enrich the air with oxygen, absorb carbon dioxide, release volatile substances (phytoncides) that absorb pathogenic microbes, and protect water bodies from wind and solar radiation.

Coastal plants are also described in the following articles:

in the article “” - White Flower;
in the article “” - Black Elderberry, Red Elderberry, Viburnum;
in the article “” - Japanese Astilbe, Thunberg Astilbe;
in the article “” - Siberian Iris, Yellow Iris, Swamp Iris.
in the article “” - Orange daylily, Yellow daylily, Middendorff daylily, Chemeritsa, Funkia lanceolifolia;
in the article "" - Volzhanka, Arunkus.

Family Araceae, distributed in Central Europe, Siberia, Japan, China, North America. These are perennial coastal aquatic plants, herbaceous, with a pleasant spicy aroma, the height of which is 50-100 cm. They usually grow in shallow areas of a reservoir, the depth of which is no more than 0.5 m, where they quickly grow and form dense thickets.

Calamus has a thick, creeping, brittle rhizome, the diameter of which is about 3 cm, length - up to 1.5 m. The leaves are beautiful, long, linearly marked, often with a wavy edge, the width of which is 2-2.5 cm, light green colors. The flowers are small, bisexual, greenish-yellow in color, collected in an original inflorescence in the form of a dense spadix of yellowish-green color, the length of which is 6-9 cm.

It reproduces exclusively vegetatively; soils for the growth and development of Calamus can be silty, sandy, clayey, or peat. Calamus can easily tolerate temporary drying out of reservoirs, as well as slight shading. The powerful rhizome of Calamus contains many nutrients, and the leaves contain vitamin C. Therefore, Calamus is a valuable favorite food for muskrats, water rats, moose, and waterfowl. In addition, the rhizome contains essential oils, therefore it is used in Food Industry, medicine, perfumery.

Family Cereals, distributed in Asia Minor, Iran, Afghanistan, the mountains of India, Pakistan, southern China, America, Central Asia and in the Caucasus. This is a perennial herbaceous plant - plants of the coastal zone, in their homeland the height of which reaches 6-8 m, in the conditions of Kyiv - 5.5 m. It grows along the banks of reservoirs and swampy places, resembling bamboo.

Arundo reed has a rather branched thick rhizome containing large renewal buds. From them, in April-May, stems grow, the thickness of which is 4-5 cm. Their very intensive growth is observed in the first two months and continues without stopping until the onset of frost. Stem-embracing lanceolate leaves, 3-5 cm wide, pointed at the apex. In the conditions of Kyiv, the plant does not appear inflorescences, although they are laid and almost completely formed.

Reproduces vegetatively. Arundo Reed prefers soil rich in humus, clay or sandy loam. However, it grows best in meadow soils. Used to create small groups along the banks of reservoirs.

The Belorozaceae family, distributed throughout Russia, except the Arctic. It is coastal, perennial, has a rather thick, vertical root, one or several stems, the height of which is 15-30 cm. The basal leaves are petiolate, heart-shaped-ovate. There is only one sessile leaf on the stem, slightly enclosing the stem. The flowers are solitary, the diameter of which is 2-4 cm, white with dark veins, located at the ends of the stems.

The flowers of these coastal plants of water bodies have 5 short sepals, 5 petals, a thick ovary with four sessile stigmas and 5 pollen-containing stamens. These stamens alternate with sterile stamens that do not have pollen. Insects that carry pollen from one plant to another are attracted to golden-yellow balls that look like drops of honey. They are located on long cilia that surround the plate of the sterile stamen.

However, these golden yellow balls do not contain nectar. Nectar is secreted by small depressions that are located on the plate itself. Belozor Bolotny blooms in July-August. The fruit is a capsule, the seeds are very small. The plant reproduces by seeds, grows well in clay or sandy loam, wet meadows, swamps, along the banks of rivers, streams, and ponds. The plant attracts attention with its fragile, touching beauty.

The Sedge family, distributed in the European part of Russia, in Siberia. This perennial herbaceous plant, 10-50 cm in height, has a creeping rhizome and a bunch of unbranched green stems. There are one to three scale-like leaves at the base of the stems.

In the absence of leaves, photosynthesis (that is, the capture of solar energy to synthesize organic matter from inorganic) occurs in the stems of this plant. Like most cacti, for example. In addition, the stems of Bolotnaya Bolotnaya contain a large number of air-bearing cavities, through which the air necessary for breathing enters the stems and rhizomes.

The flowers are solitary, collected in inflorescences - spikelets, the length of which is 6-18 mm and are located at the ends of the stems. The plant blooms in May-June. The fruit is an indehiscent, biconvex nut, about 3 mm long. These coastal pond plants are propagated by seeds and vegetatively; they grow well on clay, sandy loam, and moist soils. In swamps, ditches - forms dense thickets; strengthens the banks of reservoirs and is also a valuable feed for livestock.

There is a well-known belief about the Bolotnitsa Bolotnaya. As if at dusk, in the swamp you can see how the stems of the Swampweed begin to get thicker, turning into long, long fingers. And then hands grow out of the swamp and a green old swamp woman appears with eyes burning like red coals. She busily examines her swamp, as if checking to see if there are any beautiful girls lingering, picking berries and flowers. And if he takes one away, he will certainly drag her into his swamp, taking her into his service.

Family Cereals, distributed in the south of Primorsky Krai, Kuril Islands, China and Japan. This is a perennial grass, the height of which is 1-1.5 m. It has a developed underground rhizome. At the end of the growing season, lignification of the straw is observed, which reaches 4-6 mm in diameter. The leaves, 60-90 cm long, are light green. The flowers are collected in thick, fluffy inflorescences.

In the conditions of Ukraine, Miscanthus chinensis does not produce fruits. It propagates vegetatively; the soil must be well-drained and abundantly moist. Grows and develops well in open sunny places. It is recommended to plant this plant along the banks of water bodies.

Family, distributed in the European part of Russia, in Siberia. This is a perennial herbaceous plant. It has creeping rhizomes and erect tetrahedral, pubescent stems, the height of which is 20-60 cm. The leaves are opposite, oblong-elliptic, petiolate, serrate along the edges, like the stems, pubescent. The length of the leaves reaches 7 cm. In the axils of the leaves there are pinkish-lilac flowers with a pleasant delicate aroma. They form rather dense false whorls.

The plant blooms from June to August. The fruit has four nut-shaped lobes that can float on water. Reproduces vegetatively, rarely by seeds. These coastal plants grow well on the banks of rivers, streams, swamps and damp meadows; on wet, floodplain, chernozem soils. It can also grow on clay peat soils. Field mint is used in folk medicine.

It's interesting that in Ancient Rome It was believed that the delicate aroma of mint creates a good mood. Therefore, mint water was sprinkled in the banquet hall, and the tables were rubbed with mint leaves. The author of Natural History, the Roman writer and scientist Plenius the Elder, constantly wore a wreath of fresh mint leaves on his head. I recommended this to my students as well. He believed that the aroma of mint helps improve human mental performance. This custom survived until the Middle Ages.

The Borage family, distributed in the Caucasus, Western Siberia, Western Europe, and North America. This is a perennial ground-blooded, highly branched herbaceous plant. It has a creeping rhizome, ascending shoots, the height of which is 10-30 cm and a straight stem covered with short hairs. The leaves are small, lanceolate, slightly palmate, 3-8 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, as well as the stem, covered with short hairs. The apex of the leaves is obtuse or slightly pointed. When they bloom, these small leaves resemble mouse ears. Leaves are preserved until frost sets in.

Flowers at the beginning of flowering Pink colour, later - bright blue, with a pleasant, delicate aroma. The flowers are collected in inflorescences, which are a rather wide but short curl, and are located at the top of the shoots. The blue corolla of the Forget-me-not flower, whose diameter is 9 mm, has a short, narrow tube, a flat limb and five yellow scales. It is the yellow scales that have become “signal lights” for pollinating insects, which, flying from one flower to another, carry pollen, that is, cross-pollination. The flowering of this plant is quite abundant, beginning in May and lasting until late autumn.

The fruit is black tetrahedral nuts. Forget-me-not Marsh reproduces by seeds and vegetatively. These are semi-shade-tolerant, fairly frost-resistant, moisture-loving plants of the coastal zone, for good growth and the development of which requires turf with an admixture of sand, rich in humus, moist soils. In one place the plant can grow up to 5 years. It is recommended to plant it in small groups, forming “blue lawns” in the coastal zone of water bodies.

Preparations from Forget-me-not Marsh are used in folk medicine. This plant is interesting and attractive because it exhibits a classic, harmonious in nature combination of blue and yellow flowers. Apparently, this is why it has become quite popular and is a symbol of true love. There was also a belief. Allegedly, Damascus steel was tempered in the juice of Forget-Me-Nots. After which, the blades could easily cut even iron and whetstone, like butter.

The Cataceae family, distributed in the temperate zone of Eurasia and North America. These are perennial, aerial-aquatic, herbaceous plants. They have a cylindrical, straight, strong stem, the height of which reaches 80-200 cm. The rhizome is thick, branched, two types of roots extend from it. Some are highly branched, thin, which are located in the water and absorb nutrients from it. Others, attaching themselves to the coastal part of the reservoir, absorb nutrients from the soil.

Grows well in silty, sandy or moist, clay soils. It cannot grow on saline soils, and also does not tolerate prolonged drying out. It is recommended to be planted as coastal plants for a pond, to form areas of thickets in the coastal zone of reservoirs. And also for decorating small artificial reservoirs. In the old days, the hollow stems of Cattail were used as pipes. There are varieties of cattails: small cattail, angustifolia cattail.

Long, graceful, sword-shaped, upward-directed leaves, about 2 cm wide, concentrated at the base of the stem. They have helical-twisted leaf blades. Leaf blades, stems, rhizomes and roots of the plant have complex system thin air channels through which the air necessary for breathing enters the leaf tissue and underground organs of the plant.

The flowers of Cattail latifolia are located on long stalks. At the top of the stem they are collected in dense, Brown cobs with velvet surface cylindrical. An ear is a collection of unripe fruits of a plant. Its length is about 30 cm, width - 2.5 cm. The plant blooms in June-July. The fruits are small, single-seeded, spindle-shaped. They have tufts of thin, long hairs. The plant reproduces by seeds and vegetatively.

The Poaceae family is distributed in Russia throughout the country, except the Arctic, as well as in moderately warm countries. This is a perennial grass, the height of which reaches 3-4 m. It has a highly branched, long, knotty, thick, creeping rhizome. The straight stem has numerous leafy nodes up to the apex. After flowering, it becomes woody, acquiring greater strength, while remaining quite flexible.

The flat leaf blades, like all cereals, are dense, hard, quite sharp at the edges, cutting. Inflorescences are dense pyramidal panicles, 20-40 cm long, located at the top of the stem. The inflorescence is reddish-violet at the beginning of flowering, yellow by autumn. The inflorescence consists of many individual spikelets, which contain long hairs sticking out. Therefore, the plant appears fluffy. Blooms annually in June-July.

Since the thick, creeping rhizome occupies quite large areas, fruits are rarely formed in Common Reed. The fruit is a grain that has received from the flower part of the spikelet axis with hairs. The plant reproduces by seeds (rarely) and vegetatively. Soils for growth and development can be silty, sandy, or peaty. Common reed is planted as coastal plants of water bodies for landscaping their coastal zones. In addition, Reed is resistant to water salinity.

Common reed has practical use: its stems serve as covering for roofs; Various wicker products are made from them, and paper can also be produced. The plant, mowed before flowering, is a favorite food for cows and sheep. Since ancient times, the stems of this plant have been used to make canes.

Seed propagation of coastal plants

propagated by seeds that are dispersed by the wind.

Swamp marsh reproduces by seeds. Unopened fruits are placed in a sieve with small holes and placed in water. After 1-1.5 weeks, the seeds are completely freed from the fruit shells and mucus, that is, they are ready for sowing. In autumn they are sown along the banks of reservoirs. The following year in the spring they emerge and grow quickly, forming dense thickets.

Forget-me-not swamp – seeds are sown in open shady ridges at the end of June – beginning of July. In the first year, a rosette of leaves is formed, in the second - flowering stems.

– it is better to sow seeds in moist, clay soil in spring (April-May). Under natural conditions, the ripened fruits of Cattail, which have tufts of thin, long hairs, are carried by the wind even over long distances. Once in the water, the fruits can float for four days without getting wet, and when they sink to the bottom, they germinate.

– spikelets with hairs after the fruit ripens, are separated from the plant and picked up by the wind, and can be transported over fairly long distances. This is how seed propagation of Reed occurs in nature.

Vegetative propagation of coastal plants

propagated by cuttings of rhizomes. They are immersed in the ground in shallow water to a depth of 20-30 cm. To prevent them from floating to the surface of the reservoir, they are secured with stakes (flyers). Under natural conditions, Calamus reproduction occurs as follows. Pieces breaking off from the fragile rhizome float along the water surface of the reservoir. Other plants may join them. And this floating formation, gradually increasing in volume, can wash ashore, where the plant takes root.

– propagated by parts of rhizomes containing renewal buds, layering and stem cuttings. Optimal time their planting is in spring (April-May). Layerings are plant stems dug in in July-August and rooted. Cuttings are harvested at the end of September - beginning of October from woody stems - straws before the leaves are damaged by frost. For the winter, they are buried in a hole 50-60 cm deep, and in the spring they are planted in a nursery, placed in grooves 10-15 cm deep.

Swampweed, Forget-me-not, Field mint – reproduce in natural conditions using creeping rhizomes. In spring, their rhizomes spread in different directions and quickly grow, forming a thick herbaceous cover. These plants reproduce by dividing the bush in spring and autumn.

Just like the Borets, Aconite capulata, Vodozbor (Orlik, Aquilegia), European bathhouse, Spur (Delphinium, Larkspur), described in the article “”, and you can also learn from it about such plants: Wood anemone, (Forest anemone), European swimsuit, Asian swimsuit, Frying, Chinese swimsuit, Marsh marigold.

propagated by parts of rhizomes containing renewal buds. They are planted in the fall; it is recommended to cover them with leaves for the winter.

– in autumn, sections of the rhizomes of this plant, containing apical buds, or young shoots, are planted in silty or sandy soil to a depth of 10-15 cm.

– the propagation of this plant by parts of rhizomes is similar to the propagation of lake reed, described in the article “” in the section “ Vegetative propagation emergent plants."