How to grow peanuts - the main principles of caring for and planting groundnuts. How to plant peanuts? Peanuts: planting, growing

Many adults and children enjoy eating delicious and nutritious peanut kernels. It is eaten independently and complemented with some dishes. Its kernels are highly nutritious and beneficial for the body. Peanuts quickly cause a feeling of fullness, so they are popular among those who are determined to control their own weight. Peanut kernels are rich in carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Peanut butter contains linolenic acid, vitamin B and vitamin E. Peanut butter contains folic acid.

Peanuts are an annual plant belonging to the legume family. The peanut bean is provided with a constriction and a strong shell. Inside the bean are the fruits. In peanuts they are called kernels. Today, peanuts are no longer considered an exotic plant. Many amateur gardeners already know and share secrets of how to grow peanuts at home.

Necessary conditions for cultivation

Lighting

An important condition for a rich harvest of peanuts in the garden is enough good level lighting. The peanut bush should not be allowed to be shaded by other plants.

If you grow peanuts at home, you need to allocate a place for it with good lighting so that a sufficient amount of sunlight falls on the plant.

Window sills located on the east and south sides are perfect for this. If the light is still not enough, then you can use artificial lighting.

Optimal temperature

An important role in the cultivation of peanuts is played by temperature regime. For the plant, a comfortable temperature is from 20 to 27 degrees. When the temperature exceeds + 30 degrees and falls below – 15 degrees, the growth of the peanut bush stops.

Humidity level

During the flowering of peanuts, beans are formed underground, which constantly need moisture. Under no circumstances should water be allowed to stand still. Too high humidity slows down seed maturation. That is why peanuts should not be sprayed.

Tanks for growing peanuts

Sprouted peanut seeds are transplanted from small cups into wide containers, since the shoots should not be allowed to hang down over the edge of the container.

As soon as the flowering period ends, fruits begin to form. Branches with ovaries begin to descend and burrow into the ground, where the fruit ripens.

In this regard, peanuts can only be planted in a fairly wide container.

Soil selection and fertilization

Soil selection

Given that the fruits are formed in the ground, you need to carefully approach the choice of soil. Loose black soil is perfect for this, you can also plant seeds in sandy or neutral soil.

Growing a peanut plant requires potassium, magnesium and a large amount of humus.

Fertilizers for feeding the soil

Growing peanuts requires fertilizing the soil several times per season. Fertilizing with mineral fertilizers is done per one hundred square meters:

Nitrogen is added in an amount of 0.45 - 0.6 kilograms;
Phosphorus - the amount varies in the range of 0.5 - 0.6 kilograms;
Potassium is applied exclusively to sandy soil in an amount not exceeding 0.45 kilograms.

Feeding periods

Fertilizing the soil is carried out three times during the period of growing peanuts in the garden:

The period of formation of true leaves.
The period of bud setting.
The period of fruit formation.

Plant Formation

Seed selection

For planting, you can use grains that were collected no earlier than 3 years ago.

The most popular varieties currently are:

Runner;
Virginia;
Spanish;
Valencia.

The following varieties are perfect for temperate climates:

Krasnodarets 13 and 14;
Steplyak;
Valencia 433;
Klinskaya.

Before purchasing, you need to make sure that the seeds are not processed or fried.

Formation of bushes

From peanut seeds, a low bush is formed, which consists of branched stems with feathery dark green leaves and small yellow flowers.

Peanuts have one amazing feature: their flowering period is one day. This means that within 24 hours the flowers of the plant must have time to be pollinated in order to ensure the formation of fruits.

Pest protection

The most common pest is the mole cricket. To destroy it, you can make bait. To do this, you need to collect peelings and grain, then dig them in the garden next to the peanuts and cover them with roofing felt. A little manure or humus is poured onto the top. From time to time the bait needs to be checked and mole crickets collected.

From seedling to first harvest

Planting peanuts

Growing peanuts begins with sprouting seeds. To do this, you can use a saucer on which the grains are soaked in a damp cloth.

In the first days of summer, the sprouts are transplanted into prepared soil in the garden. It is advisable to make the beds 45 centimeters wide; everyone chooses the length themselves. Plant the sprouts at a distance of 15 centimeters from each other and 60 centimeters from the other row.

At the beginning of April, the seeds should be planted in plastic cups. The planting depth should be about 3 centimeters. The glasses are placed in a sunny place and watered.

Caring for peanut seedlings

To reap a rich harvest, peanut bushes must be hilled several times during the season:

Before flowering begins, plants need to be earthed up; the height must be at least 50 centimeters;
10 days after flowering;
then hilling should be carried out once every 10 days. At the beginning of August, hilling should be stopped.

Several times a season it is necessary to fertilize with mineral fertilizers.

Harvesting

When the peanut bushes stop growing, their leaves and stems dry out and turn yellow, you can begin harvesting.

The plants need to be dug up and, after shaking off the remaining soil, put away to dry. They should be dried together with the bushes. After about 10 days you can separate the beans.

It turns out that growing peanuts at home and in the garden is a very simple process and is within the power of every gardener.

Many summer residents like to experiment with growing new crops. After all, it’s nice to surprise guests by putting something so unusual on the table, proudly declaring: “I grew it myself in the garden.” If you are one of these enthusiastic people, try growing peanuts. By the way, this task is not so difficult, and in our article we will acquaint you in detail with this crop and cultivation techniques.

It turns out that this is not a nut at all.

Although the peanut is called a nut, but in fact it is a relative of the common bean, because. belongs to the same family - legumes. This plant looks like this:

The bush has a height of 0.5-0.6 m.

The stem is branched.

The leaves are pinnate, dark green.

Flowers - yellow color, small, sometimes their number reaches 2 hundred. The lower ones gradually descend to the ground, penetrate into it and there they turn into a bean, which is called a nut. Each shell produces from 1 to 4 light pink seeds. 30-70 nuts are collected from one bush.

About the benefits of peanuts

Of course, peanuts are delicious, especially roasted ones, but these are not all of their advantages, because they contain what the body needs so much:

carbohydrates;

linolenic acid, vitamins B, E, if the beans are processed into oil.

These tasty nuts are also used to make peanut butter, which has the same energy value as meat, but is healthier due to its folic acid content.

We grow peanuts

To grow this legume family plant in our temperate climate, you should buy seeds of the following varieties:

Krasnodarets 13;

Krasnodarets 14;

Valencia 433;

Klinskaya.

Be carefull: Make sure they don’t sell you processed or roasted beans, otherwise you’ll waste money, time, and never see any sprouts..

To grow peanuts at home, you need to know what they need to grow.

Conditions for plant development

Since nuts can develop exclusively in the ground, a good harvest is possible only in loose chernozem, sandy loam or neutral soil. It is necessary to have magnesium and potassium, as well as humus in large quantities. By hilling the bushes up to 3 times per season, we will increase the amount of ovary.

Since the homeland of peanuts is South America, where it grows as a perennial, the second condition for its successful development is temperature. The optimal temperature is 20-27 degrees C, and as soon as it rises above +30 or drops below +15, the bushes stop growing.

The third condition successful cultivation is good lighting. It is unacceptable to have plants nearby that shade this crop.

It is important that the bed in which this representative of legumes is planted is well ventilated.

When peanuts bloom and underground beans are formed, they require constant moisture, but not stagnant water. In September, when the seeds ripen, excess moisture can slow down this process.

The plant develops well in beds where cabbage, cucumbers, potatoes, tomatoes, grains were previously grown, but in no case beans, peas, i.e. its relatives are legumes. But after peanuts, any crops feel good in the garden.

If you are planning to grow it in large quantities and extract oil from it, then know that the color of peanuts depends on the soil. Beans grown in light soil will produce light oil, while beans grown in dark soil will produce darker oil.

Important: If the conditions necessary for the growth and development of peanuts are violated, the plant begins to hurt - spots appear on the leaves, which indicates the presence of root rot.

How to grow peanuts: ways

Groundnuts are grown through seedlings and by sowing in open ground. How planting material you should take grains harvested no more than 2 - 3 years ago, because. then they lose their germination capacity. In any case, the seeds should first be germinated. This is done at the end of April:

Dip the seeds into a weak solution of potassium permanganate for disinfection.

Wash and soak for germination. After 10 days, sprouts will appear.

We harden the sprouted seeds by keeping them indoors for 2-3 days at a temperature of about +3 degrees during daylight hours, and at night we transfer them to a place where the temperature is room temperature.

fill the cups with light soil in early April;

bury the seeds 3 centimeters into the ground;

place the cups on a sunny windowsill;

water moderately;

Meanwhile, we prepare the bed - we dig it up and remove the weeds;

Seedlings are grown from sprouted seeds or sown in a garden bed. First, let's look at how to grow peanuts from seedlings. So:

We plant the plants in early June with an interval of 15 - 20 cm from each other and 0.6 - 0.7 m row from row.

If you decide to plant peanuts directly in the ground, then as soon as a constant air temperature of at least 20 degrees C is established, and the soil at a depth of 10 cm warms up to 15 degrees C, we begin sowing the sprouted seeds. The planting pattern is identical to that used when planting seedlings, and the depth is 60 - 80 mm. Sprouted seeds are planted in the ground not only to see the harvest faster, but also to protect them from damage by mole crickets.

Good to know : the shell in which the nuts are located contains many useful microscopic fungi, so it is crushed and also thrown into the ground when planting.

We fight the mole cricket

To destroy the mole cricket, we make bait:

we collect peelings and grain;

dig in the garden bed;

take a piece of roofing felt and cover it;

pour plant debris, manure or humus on top;

We periodically look through the bait and collect mole crickets.

For your information : as soon as the seedlings appear, it is necessary to protect them from birds, since the sprouts can be completely destroyed by crows and blackbirds.

Hilling, feeding peanuts

An important component of a good harvest is hilling, which is carried out several times a season:

Before the plants bloom, we hill up the bushes to a height of 50 to 70 mm.

10 days after it blooms.

Regularly with an interval of 10 days, gradually reducing the distance between the roots (gynophores) formed after flowering and the soil. We carry out the last hilling in early August.

Three times per season, namely when real leaves begin to form, buds begin to form, and then fruits, we apply mineral fertilizers based on 1 hundred square meters:

nitrogen - from 0.45 to 0.6 kg;

phosphorus - from 0.5 to 0.6 kg;

potassium - up to 0.45 kg, but only in sandy loam soil.

Peanuts on a warm bed

When wondering how to grow peanuts in the country, consider an option such as a warm garden bed. It is better to prepare it in the fall or very early in the spring as a last resort:

We select a place and begin digging a trench to a depth of a spade bayonet. The optimal width is 1 m, and the length is whatever you want.

We store the top layer of soil on one side of the trench, and the bottom layer on the other.

We cover the bottom with plant debris and sprinkle it with soil. Place half-rotted compost on top.

We cover everything top layer land.

If the soil is healthy, then after 60 days the bed will be filled with warm, nutritious soil suitable for growing groundnut.

Growing peanuts in a greenhouse

Peanuts are comfortable in a greenhouse, especially when grown in tandem with tomatoes, but provided that the latter are not very densely spaced so that light still reaches the peanuts. Legumes share nitrogen with tomatoes, and you don’t need to hill up the bushes often - 2 times in June is enough. By September the harvest will be ripe.

Peanuts are not only a popular crop to use, but also quite interesting to cultivate. It turns out that the “groundnut” beloved by many has nothing to do with the nut family, but is one of the brightest representatives of legumes. By the way, many who like to eat nutritious peanut kernels, which have a pleasant specific taste, seriously believe that peanut fruits ripen on trees or shrubs like walnuts or forest sins, which is completely untrue. Peanuts are actually grassy annual plant, and the ripening of its beans, covered with a dense mesh shell, occurs in the ground, which is why the culture received its second name.

On an industrial scale, the plant is cultivated in countries with hot tropical climates, but those who want to try freshly harvested peanuts can grow the crop in room conditions and in the fall, collect your own harvest in the form of a handful of real ground nuts. Peanuts are undemanding in care, so cultivating them at home will not be a problem. great work even for a novice grower.

Pre-sowing preparation

It is best to purchase seeds for home sowing of peanuts in specialized stores. Also high quality planting material can be selected at the market from a fresh harvest of groundnuts, in this case preference should be given to large, undamaged specimens. Peanuts for sowing should not be subjected to any heat treatment. The optimal time for sowing is mid-April. Seeds must be prepared for planting in the ground as follows:

Remove the kernels from the shell.
Place in gauze, folded in several layers, generously moistened with water, and place on a saucer. Instead of gauze, you can use a shallow bowl of water. To speed up germination, it is recommended to add a few drops of a growth stimulator to the water.
After the hatched roots reach a length of 1–1.5 mm, the seeds can be sown in the ground.

You can plant sprouted peanut seeds in peat tablets(such seedlings will subsequently require transplantation) or immediately permanent place growth.

Sowing specifics

In order to have enough space for future peanut fruits to ripen, the container for sowing the crop should be quite spacious - at least 30–40 cm in diameter. Peanuts prefer fertile, sandy loam soil with good aeration. Sowing is carried out in the following order:

The planting container is filled with prepared wet substrate.
The germinated seed is planted in the center to a depth of 2–2.5 cm.
To maintain their own microclimate, the container with crops is covered plastic film or a glass lid and place in a warm place.

Before germination, the greenhouse is regularly ventilated, and, as necessary, the soil under the crops is moistened. With the appearance of the first pair of leaves, the shelter is removed and the container with seedlings is placed in a permanent place of detention, where the plant is provided with the necessary care.

Conditions of detention

The successful development and rapid growth of peanuts depend on compliance with its agricultural practices. Culture should be fully provided with:

Upon reaching a height of 15–20 cm, the peanuts begin to bloom; this occurs approximately 40–45 days after germination. In place of the golden-orange flowers, after wilting, outgrowths (gynophores) are formed, in which fruit ovaries. Striving for the ground, the gynophores burrow into it, and the ripening of peanut beans occurs at a depth of 8–10 cm. The gynophores that do not reach the ground die along with the ovary, therefore, if they are located too high, you can place small cups of soil under them.

Q: Where can I get seeds?

The answer is that any peanut from a store or market is suitable for sowing, but, of course, not fried, not salted, and naturally, not candied or otherwise processed. If you get caught - in the beans - the chances of success increase. In any case, you need to germinate the intended seeds on a saucer (like in a natural history lesson - seeds in a rag, a rag in some water, then everything in a bag and put in a warm place - after a few days we look - if they swell and hatch, then they are good). Well, if you’re lucky enough to get it from a seed store, there’s no question.

On the page where will it grow The conditions necessary for this culture are described in some detail. But in short we can say – peanuts
needed: “sun, air and water...”. Now more details...

First - Sun– accordingly, choose the brightest, well-warmed place, preferably higher and drier. because in spring it is necessary for the soil to be ripe for sowing and dry out from winter precipitation as soon as possible. And later the garden bed received a lot of light and warmth.

Second - air– the soil in the garden bed should be as loose as possible – this is also due to the peculiarities of groundnut biology. We remember that a significant part of the ovaries penetrates the ground with the help of gynophores, and the beans themselves are formed there.

Third - peanuts moisture-loving plant. And watering is most likely inevitable... Therefore, before sowing, we need to decide where we will get the water in the right quantity.

As one of the options for agricultural technology, I propose the following, based on the method described in the wonderful book by Tatyana Yuryevna Ugarova “Family vegetable growing in narrow beds.”

In the spring, as soon as the soil begins to crumble during digging - preferably not earlier and not later - we begin marking out the beds. Width 45 cm, arbitrary length. But! Peanut is a crop that requires 4-5 hillings during the growth period. The higher we can hill up the bushes, the more tiers of nuts they can lay.

Question: but this soil will need to be taken from somewhere?

Answer: for this you need to leave a wide row spacing - no less than 50 cm on both sides. We stick four pegs into the ground. It is advisable to make these pegs from durable material; in the future, they will remain in place until harvesting. Then you need to take a strong, maybe not very thick twine, and stretch it, securing it on pegs, around the perimeter of the ridge.

Now we dig, breaking the clods, the entire allotted bed. Do not forget to select the roots of perennial weeds and the wintering stages of pests - caterpillars and pupae.

We level the dug up soil. We apply fertilizers - on alkaline soils we mix gypsum (aka alabaster) -5 kg. +40 gr. boric acid, for acidic ones - lime or chalk - 5 kg + 40 g. boric acid. Sprinkle evenly over the area of the bed at the rate of 100 grams. on linear meter. We prepare the second fertilizer mixture - 3.5 kg of nitroammophoska + 1.1 kg of urea + 1.35 kg of potassium magnesia + a bag of a mixture of microelements, for example “Ryazanochka”. We also scatter it evenly over the surface at the rate of 50 grams. per linear meter. Then, from between the rows, we use a hoe or rake to raise low sides - 10 - 12 cm high. We go through the inside of the bed with a rake a couple of times to level the soil and mix it with fertilizers. You should get something like a soil trough, that is, a flat surface of the ridge itself, surrounded by a roller of dry soil from the row spacing. All. You can sow.

We make two grooves - 10 centimeters deep - right along the sides and lay out the seeds - 8-10 centimeters apart. If all the seeds sprout, then you can thin out to a distance of 15 cm between the bushes. But some can be stolen by voles, mole crickets and even ants. Therefore, in order to ultimately get uniform plantings, it is better not to be greedy. Downside Using a rake, we level the surface again, filling in the seeds. Then we take a watering can or put a special nozzle on the watering hose for watering with a scent - so as not to wash away the ground - and slowly, carefully, when weak pressure We spill water over the entire internal area of the ridge. If possible, you need to walk around the bed 2-3 times until the soil is completely saturated with water, that is, until puddles form on the surface. Perhaps due to the addition of lime or gypsum, the surface of the bed will crack after a few hours. Don’t be alarmed, after one or two regular waterings, everything will correct itself. If necessary, we install suitable shelter.

That’s it, we’re waiting for the shoots.

After designating the rows of seedlings, we solve the issue of weeding. If it’s time, then with a hoe we first scrape off all the weeds from the surface of the row spacing, then we destroy the soil roller, scattering it towards the row spacing, then we go through the center of the bed from beginning to end with one movement of the hoe or weeder. We loosen the soil between the bushes with a small hoe. Having finished this work, we go to rest for an hour. During this time, the cut weed seedlings should have dried to death. All that remains is to rake the edge from between the rows again and water the plantings.

In two weeks the plants will reach a height of 20-25 cm, the first ones will appear on them. yellow flowers. We do the weeding. At this time, it is necessary to again apply in the same dose - 50 grams per linear meter - a fertilizer mixture based on nitroammophoska that we applied during sowing. We bring it in a narrow strip in the center of the bed. Now it is necessary to carry out the first hilling - we rake up the soil from the rows and distribute it inside the ridge. After this event, the height of the latter should increase by 5-7 cm. We form the sides again. Water generously. If there is a water supply system or a large water tank on the site, watering can be automated to some extent. Sleeves can be used for drip irrigation, or use for this purpose a piece of an old hose (inexpensive corrugated plastic hose is especially good for this) along the length of the bed. We plug one end with a cork and pierce a series of holes every 3-5 cm with a not very thin nail. We place this product along the central axis of the bed forever - all that remains is to connect the water to the free end - and let it get wet little by little. Thus, the next cycle of care is completed.

We repeat it every 10 days. But as the soil dries out, be sure to water it.

When attacked by aphids, we fight with the usual methods.

If a mole spoils the garden bed, we’ll just fix it.

If there are signs of a deficiency of any nutrient, we will add a dose of the appropriate fertilizer.

Signs of some diseases can be viewed on the page

Peanuts are a favorite treat for many people, regardless of age. This type of nut can be grown in open ground, if you know the rules of planting seeds, caring for them and growing technology.

If all requirements are followed correctly, growing peanuts at home will not be a hassle. Before you start sowing, you need to figure out which variety will take root better, the necessary conditions for growing it, when and how to plant peanuts.

Peanut seeds for planting

Experienced gardeners know when to plant peanuts. Best time for this purpose - mid-spring, when the earth is not completely warmed up, which is the ideal condition. Good harvest will bring zoned varieties.

The most common of them in Russia are the following:

Stepnyak;
Valencia 433;
Klinskaya;
Krasnodarets 14;
Virginia;
Runner.

It is worth remembering that one type of seed is used for roasting and eating, and another variety is used to create peanut butter. First, we decide on the purpose of planting peanuts, then on the climatic characteristics of each variety, and only then choose the most suitable option.

When choosing seeds for planting, certain selection criteria are taken into account:

The kernels should be large or medium in size (small ones may not germinate).
Each of them should have a peel. It contains microelements that prevent the nut from spoiling. It is not recommended to remove it until landing.
Kernels should only be taken raw (fried are not suitable).
There should be no spoiled, bitten or otherwise damaged plants.

To get a high-quality harvest, you need to germinate peanuts for planting. To do this, pour a drop of epin into a container of water, put the seeds in it and leave overnight. After the procedure, they will soften and roots will appear.

How to grow peanuts at home?

After the seeds for planting have been selected and processed, it is necessary to prepare the soil. There are several technologies for growing peanuts at home. It can be grown in an apartment by properly equipping a nursery and directly in. In other conditions, nuts are planted only in the south of the country.

Growing seedlings begins with preparing seeds. To do this, they are wrapped in damp cloth and kept for 10 days. Next, the peanuts are planted in open ground. The depth of the holes when planting is 3 cm; 2-3 seeds are placed in one hole.

If peanuts are planted in open ground, then the depth of the hole should be at least 10 cm, and the distance between them should be at least 50 cm.

After sowing, the land is watered abundantly.

Soil preparation and selection

The harvest will be successful if they grow nearby. The place chosen is sunny and well ventilated. Peanuts do not like darkening, although minimum quantities carries him. A suitable option there will be soil containing humus. If the soil is saline or contains acid, then when digging.

Before planting, the soil must be cleared of weeds, dug up and loosened. Favorable time for sowing - mid or late spring. The nut ripens quickly, the first fruits will already appear in July, and therefore it is undesirable to delay the planting time.

The plant blooms only for a day, although profusely. After this, fertilization occurs and the ovary appears. It must be buried, otherwise the crop will die.

At home, peanuts are planted from seeds in small containers, the soil is regularly moistened and loosened. The plant should be located in a ventilated area and on good lighting. Peanuts during the entire growing period should.

Peanut care in open ground

The basic rule for caring for peanuts is hilling them. The procedure must be carried out three times during the entire period.

A mineral complex is suitable as a fertilizer. It must be added after the first leaves appear.

It is necessary to water in such a way that the soil is always in a moist state. Irrigation is perfect for this.

Peanut collection

Collection is carried out in dry soil and sunny days. A week before this, it is necessary to stop watering.

Yellowing leaves are the first sign of ripeness. When grown outdoors, this happens in mid-September - then the harvesting process begins. They are carefully dug out of the ground and put to dry completely. The nuts must be separated from each other dry. Complete drying takes about 10 days.

Up to 50 beans are usually collected from one bush. Peanuts are stored in fabric bags in a ventilated area at a temperature of at least 10 °C. You can determine the ripeness by gently shaking the nut. It is ready to use with a slight tinkle.