Mineral fertilizers - types and applications. Types of mineral fertilizers, names and descriptions

Fig, fig, fig tree - these are all names of the same plant, which we strongly associate with Mediterranean life. Anyone who has ever tasted fig fruits knows how delicious it is. But, in addition to a delicate sweet taste, they are also very healthy. And here is an interesting detail: it turns out that figs are completely unpretentious plant. In addition, it can be successfully grown on a plot in middle lane or at home - in a container.

Quite often, even experienced summer residents face difficulties in growing tomato seedlings. For some, all seedlings turn out to be elongated and weak, for others, they suddenly begin to fall and die. The thing is that it is difficult to maintain ideal conditions for growing seedlings in an apartment. Seedlings of any plants need to provide a lot of light, sufficient moisture and optimum temperature. What else do you need to know and observe when growing tomato seedlings in an apartment?

Delicious vinaigrette with apple and sauerkraut- vegetarian salad of boiled and chilled, raw, pickled, salted, pickled vegetables and fruits. The name comes from a French vinegar sauce, olive oil and mustard (vinaigrette). Vinaigrette appeared in Russian cuisine not so long ago, around the beginning of the 19th century, perhaps the recipe was borrowed from Austrian or German cuisine, since the ingredients for the Austrian herring salad are very similar.

When we dreamily touch bright seed bags in our hands, we are sometimes subconsciously sure that we have a prototype of the future plant. We mentally allocate a place for him in the flower garden and look forward to the cherished day of the appearance of the first bud. However, buying seeds does not always guarantee that you will eventually get the desired flower. I would like to draw attention to the reasons why the seeds may not sprout or die at the very beginning of germination.

Spring is coming, and gardeners have more work to do, and with the onset of heat, changes in the garden are happening rapidly. Buds are already beginning to swell on plants that were still sleeping yesterday, everything literally comes to life before our eyes. After a long winter, this can not but rejoice. But along with the garden, its problems come to life - pests and pathogens. Weevils, flower beetles, aphids, clasterosporiasis, maniliasis, scab, powdery mildew- the list can be very long.

Breakfast toast with avocado and egg salad is a great start to the day. The egg salad in this recipe acts as a thick sauce seasoned with fresh vegetables and shrimp. My egg salad is quite unusual, it is a dietary version of everyone's favorite snack - with Feta cheese, Greek yogurt and red caviar. If you have time in the morning, never deny yourself the pleasure of cooking something tasty and healthy. The day should start with positive emotions!

Perhaps every woman at least once received a blooming orchid as a gift. It is not surprising, because such a lively bouquet looks amazing and blooms for a long time. Orchids cannot be called very difficult indoor crops to grow, but not fulfilling the main conditions for their maintenance often leads to the loss of a flower. If you are just getting started with indoor orchids, you should find out the correct answers to the main questions on growing these beautiful plants in the house.

Lush cheesecakes with poppy seeds and raisins, cooked according to this recipe, are eaten in my family in the blink of an eye. Moderately sweet, plump, tender, with an appetizing crust, without excess oil, in a word, just like mother or grandmother fried in childhood. If the raisins are very sweet, then granulated sugar can not be added at all, without sugar, cheesecakes will be better fried and will never burn. Cook them in a well-heated frying pan, greased with oil, over low heat and without a lid!

Cherry tomatoes differ from their large counterparts not only in the small size of the berries. Many varieties of cherry are characterized by a unique sweet taste, which is very different from the classic tomato. Anyone who has never tasted such cherry tomatoes with their eyes closed may well decide that they are tasting some unusual exotic fruits. In this article, I will talk about five different cherry tomatoes that have the sweetest fruits of unusual colors.

I started growing annual flowers in the garden and on the balcony more than 20 years ago, but I will never forget my first petunia, which I planted in the country along the path. Only a couple of decades have passed, but one wonders how different petunias of the past are from today's many-sided hybrids! In this article, I propose to trace the history of the transformation of this flower from a simpleton into a real queen of annuals, as well as consider modern varieties of unusual colors.

Salad with spicy chicken, mushrooms, cheese and grapes - fragrant and satisfying. This dish can be served as a main dish if you are preparing a cold dinner. Cheese, nuts, mayonnaise are high-calorie foods, combined with spicy fried chicken and mushrooms, you get a very nutritious snack that is refreshed by sweet and sour grapes. The chicken fillet in this recipe is marinated in a spicy mixture of ground cinnamon, turmeric and chili powder. If you like food with a spark, use hot chili.

The question is how to grow healthy seedlings, all summer residents are concerned in early spring. It seems that there are no secrets here - the main thing for fast and strong seedlings is to provide them with warmth, moisture and light. But in practice, in a city apartment or a private house, this is not so easy to do. Certainly, everyone experienced gardener there is a proven way to grow seedlings. But today we will talk about a relatively new assistant in this matter - the propagator.

The variety of tomato "Sanka" is one of the most popular in Russia. Why? The answer is simple. He is the very first to bear fruit in the garden. Tomatoes ripen when other varieties have not even faded yet. Of course, if you follow the recommendations for growing and make an effort, even a novice grower will get a rich harvest and joy from the process. And so that efforts are not in vain, we advise you to plant high-quality seeds. For example, such as seeds from TM "Agrosuccess".

Task indoor plants in the house - decorate your home with your appearance, create a special atmosphere of comfort. For this we are ready to take care of them regularly. Care is not only watering on time, although this is also important. It is necessary to create other conditions: suitable lighting, humidity and air temperature, make the correct and timely transplant. For experienced flower growers there is nothing supernatural in this. But beginners often face certain difficulties.

Tender cutlets from chicken breast with champignons to cook simply according to this recipe with step by step photos. There is an opinion that it is difficult to cook juicy and tender cutlets from chicken breast, this is not so! Chicken meat contains practically no fat, which is why it is dry. But if you add to chicken fillet cream, White bread and mushrooms with onions, you get awesome tasty cutlets that both children and adults will like. In the mushroom season, try adding forest mushrooms to the minced meat.

Large agricultural firms and summer residents dream of getting a rich harvest on their plots. For the former, there is no question whether chemical fertilizers are needed, and amateur gardeners often prefer to do without them. Is it correct? Is mineral supplementation necessary? Is there any harm to fertilizers (fertilizers)? It's good to know the answers to these questions.

What are mineral fertilizers

Summer residents, fearing chemistry, prefer to feed plants organic fertilizers without thinking that they contain a small amount of useful components. Vegetables, berries, shrubs for proper growth and yield should receive a lot of different elements. Often nutrition is not enough due to the characteristics of the soil:

clay - iron, manganese;
peat bogs - copper;
sour, swampy - zinc;
sandstones have a lack of magnesium, potassium, nitrogen.

Plants signal their problems by changing the color of the leaves, the size and shape of the fruit. The task of a person is to make timely feeding. Mineral fertilizers are chemical compounds of inorganic origin. They have one main component or several. Useful substances, being in the form of mineral salts, help:

increase in yield;
plant strengthening;
pest protection;
stimulation of growth and nutrition;
improving the quality of fruits;
soil restoration;
weed protection;
strengthening plant immunity.

Types of mineral fertilizers

Fertilizer mixture is used for intensive farming in reputable firms, summer cottages. What is mineral fertilizers? It is important to know the characteristics of the different categories. There are different types of fertilizers and their classification:

Simple or one-sided, containing a single substance. These include phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen fertilizers.
Complex mineral - include several active substances that simultaneously affect the soil and plants.
Microfertilizers with complex composition trace elements - molybdenum, calcium, iodine, manganese.

nitrogen fertilizers

The use of mineral fertilizers with high content nitrogen helps the development of the stem and leaves of the plant, which is necessary in spring period. Good solubility allows for their liquid, solid use. Nitrogen mineral fertilizers are classified:

Nitrate - calcium, sodium nitrate, suitable for acidic soil, recommended for plants with a short ripening period - radish, lettuce. In excess, it is harmful - it accumulates in fruits.
Ammonium - ammonium sulfate - requires autumn application. Onions, tomatoes, cucumbers respond well to it.

The following types of fertilizers are used by large manufacturers and private traders:

Amide - urea - has the highest concentration of nitrogen, promotes big harvest. It requires application to the ground, it is useful for tomatoes when setting, growing.
Ammonium nitrate - ammonium nitrate - when combined with potassium, phosphorus, the yield of grain crops, beets, and potatoes increases.

potash fertilizers

To increase disease resistance, improve taste, and increase the keeping quality of fruits, potassium cannot be dispensed with. Popular types of potash fertilizers:

Potassium chloride is a natural raw material extracted from ore. Contains chlorine, which is harmful to some plants. To avoid bad influence, fertilization should be carried out in the fall. It works well on beets, barley, potatoes, buckwheat.

Together with trace elements, phosphorus and nitrogen, potassium increases plant productivity. Distribution received fertilizers:

Potassium salt - has a high concentration of potassium, is applied in the fall. Promotes the growth of potatoes, grain crops.
Potassium nitrate - contains nitrogen, is useful in setting and ripening fruits.
Potassium sulphate is used for fertilizing all crops, applied to the soil when growing root crops.

Phosphate fertilizers

Phosphorus is needed to nourish berry bushes and trees. Its use accelerates fruit set, increases resistance to frost in winter. Effective top dressing with phosphorus fertilizers:

Simple superphosphate - fall asleep in the ground, apply during the flowering period. Ideal fertilizer for flowers.
Phosphorite flour - requires acidic soil for action. Suitable for cereals and vegetables. It can provide the plant with phosphorus for many years.
Double superphosphate used for berry bushes, brought in autumn under flowers for better wintering.

Microfertilizers

In classification mineral fertilizers for plant nutrition there is a group with microelements. Molybdenum, copper or manganese are often absent in the soil. You can make up for the deficiency of iron or zinc by treating the seed material with mineral microfertilizers, while observing the norm. When using them, the root system actively develops, protection against diseases increases, and growth accelerates.

Types of microfertilizers are classified according to the active substance:

complex - contain several elements - increase productivity, fight pests - "Master", "Sizam", "Oracle";
copper - for wetlands - blue vitriol, pyrite;
boric - tend to activate the growth of young plants - borax, boric acid;
molybdenum - for forest soils - ammonium molybdic acid.

Complex mineral fertilizers

This group of mineral fats includes multilateral preparations that contain several active ingredients. Complex mineral fertilizer solves various problems - increases yield, counteracts weeds, pests, improves the quality of flowers. This group includes:

Ammophos is a nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer. Suitable for vegetable, berry crops, especially good for flowers - they begin to grow violently, lush bloom.
Diammofoska - contains the main substances - potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus and trace elements. Fertilizer helps control pests, is used for all plants.

Large agricultural firms apply to the soil complex fertilizers using a fertilizer seeder, as in the photo. Summer residents scatter them in spring or autumn, depending on the type of soil. Popular mineral complexes:

Nitroammophoska. Suitable for any plants and soils - they are applied to clay soils in the fall, to sandy soils - in the spring, before plowing.
Nitrophoska. Excellent for tomatoes, improving their taste, increasing their size. Apply in spring and during the growing season. Cucumbers are not affected by diseases.

Application of mineral fertilizers

Experienced gardener appearance plants will determine what substances it lacks. What mineral fertilizers are needed and their use on the site:

with a nitrogen deficiency, growth is slowed down, the lower leaves die off, dry up;
lack of phosphorus is manifested by their reddish, grayish color;
lack of potassium reduces the germination of seeds, increases susceptibility to diseases, the lower leaves at the edges begin to turn yellow, turn brown, die off;
in the absence of zinc, a small rosette forms in apple trees;
Magnesium deficiency is marked by pale green.

Nutrient fats are used by introducing into the soil when digging, by watering dissolved preparations. When using mineral compounds, fertilizer groups must not be mixed:

urea with lime, simple superphosphate, manure, ammonium nitrate;
ammonium sulfate with dolomite, chalk;
simple superphosphate with lime, ammonium nitrate, urea;
potassium salt with dolomite, chalk.

Before you start feeding plants and soil, you need to understand the rules for using fertilizers. There are ways to apply mineral fertilizers, depending on the composition:

Nitrogen is embedded in the soil in the spring, when digging, it has the ability to evaporate. When used in autumn, useful substances will be washed out with rains.
Ammonium nitrate is scattered over the snow, which the granules melt, making their way to the soil.

Other active mineral components have their own characteristics when making:

Potassium is buried in the ground in spring and autumn. Potassium chloride is preferable to apply at the end of summer, so that the chlorine disappears.
Phosphorus can be applied at any time. It should be borne in mind that it is poorly soluble in water, it can reach the roots after 2 months. It is preferable to fertilize in late summer to strengthen the plants for the winter season.

Calculation of doses of mineral fertilizers

Specialists of large agricultural firms calculate the doses of fertilizers depending on the type of soil separately for each crop. At the same time, the standard for the use of mineral fertilizers per hectare of land is taken into account. It is important to know the content of the active substance in the composition. Summer residents can use the application rates of mineral fertilizers in grams per square meter:

ammonium nitrate - 15-25;
superphosphate - 40-60;
potassium chloride - 15-20;
nitroammophoska - 70-80.

Choice of fertilizers

Winter is the time to prepare for the new season. Any specialized store can offer a variety of plant preparations. In order to choose the right mineral fertilizers, it is necessary to take into account the tasks to be solved with their help, to provide for a number of factors:

desired impact;
seasonality of application;
release form and volume;
manufacturer's firm.

Impact

According to their influence, fertilizers are divided as follows:

Soil restoration. "Kemira Lux" - promotes growth in climate change. Plus - excellent quality, minus - strong deoxidation of the soil.
Pest protection. "GUMATEM" - increases the yield due to their absence. Plus - the neutralization of the action of pesticides. The disadvantage is the need for strict adherence to the dose.

According to the effect, the following fertilizers are distinguished:

Growth stimulation. "Emiks" - increases productivity, immunity. Plus - high concentration, you need a small amount. The disadvantage is that it takes time to cook.
Weed protection. Etisso - gives an excellent effect for lawn grass. Plus - affects plants through leaves and roots. Minus - valid for the next year.
Immunity boost. Nitroammophoska - suitable for all cultures. Plus - easy dissolution in water. The disadvantage is a short shelf life.

seasonality

When choosing mineral fertilizers, you need to pay attention to seasonality:

Spring is the time for nitrogen fertilizers. Urea - promotes the growth of stems, leaves. Plus - well absorbed by plants. Minus - in case of an overdose, small fruits, a set of green mass.
Summer requires phosphate fertilizers. Superphosphate - contributes to the formation of fruits. Plus - meets the need for a particular substance. Minus - the lack of trace elements.

Focusing on seasonality, you need to consider:

In winter, plants do not feed, autumn fertilizers are used to prepare them for the cold season. Potassium sulphate - has a strengthening effect, helps to endure frosts. Plus - well absorbed, disadvantage - not suitable for all soils.
All-weather fertilizers. Fertika is a complex preparation. Plus - contains many useful active ingredients. Minus - additional trace elements are needed.

Release form

In appearance, mineral fertilizers are divided into 3 groups:

Granules. Superphosphate - applied to the soil during digging, used in dissolved form. Plus - ease of use. Minus - it takes a long time to dissolve.
Liquid. Carbide-ammonia mixture - used for irrigation. Plus - high concentration, minus - it is necessary to comply with the norms when feeding.
Powder. Magnesium lime - is introduced into the soil when digging. Plus, it absorbs quickly. The disadvantage is that it is poorly stored, caked.

Volume

Large farms purchase the necessary minerals in tons in bags. Experts recommend for garden plot in 6 acres, purchase about 12 kg of mineral preparations for feeding. Gardeners must estimate in advance the required volume, taking into account packaging and application rates. For example, fertilizer:

"Potato Kemira" in granules - 5 kg package;
"Gumatem" - liquid form - 250 ml in a bottle.

Manufacturer

You can make a choice of mineral preparations, focusing on the manufacturer. Many firms have years of experience works, good feedback by quality. Popular fertilizer suppliers:

"Fasco" effective drugs in liquid and granular form. Plus - fertilizers for specific plants, cons - inherent in individual substances.
"Kemira" - a wide range of drugs for different seasons. Plus - Finnish quality, disadvantages - in accordance with the existing composition.
"Agricola" - soluble top dressing. Plus - effective in growing all crops, minus - you need to withstand the dosage.

Video: Tuki mineral fertilizers

The main component of this type of fertilizer is nitrogen, the effect of which is aimed at the development of the green part of the plant. On sale you can find the following forms of such dressings:

Nitrate, produced in the form of sodium and calcium nitrate - nitrogen is contained in the form of an acid, and therefore dissolves easily. Saltpeter should be applied to the soil in autumn or spring. The main thing here is to apply top dressing in small portions so as not to harm the plant. After all, if you overfeed the crops with nitrate fertilizers, nitrates that are not very useful to the human body will accumulate in the plants.
Ammonium. The common name for gardeners is ammonium sulfate. Such top dressing is introduced in the fall, since preparations based on ammonium sulfate do not dissolve well in the soil. In addition, before applying dressings, it is desirable to deoxidize the earth in advance: for this, we add 1.5 kg of lime to 1 kg of ammonium sulfate. Tomatoes, cabbage and other vegetable crops respond well to top dressing.
Amide. For gardeners, it is known as urea. It belongs to the most concentrated fertilizers. The use of urea will significantly increase the yield. Bring it under the bushes during loosening or when watering, if you are working with the drug in liquid form.
Ammonium nitrate, which is better known as ammonium nitrate. It is best suited for top dressing of cereals and beets, especially well combined with potassium and phosphorus.

Phosphorus and potash fertilizers and their application

The use of this type of fertilizer will significantly accelerate the growth of flowering and the appearance of fruits. Due to the fact that fertilizers are poorly absorbed into the soil, it is advisable to apply them in early spring during the first digging.. The most famous types of phosphorus supplements include:

A simple superphosphate containing sulfur and gypsum. It can be applied for berry bushes and for fruit trees.
Phosphorus flour, used when working with acidic soil.

Potassium supplements lead to an increase in yield, increase resistance to various diseases, improve taste qualities fruits. In its pure form, such fertilizers are used quite rarely - it is best to combine them with zinc, iron, and nitrogen supplements. The most famous of this type:

Potassium chloride, which is best applied in the fall, then by the new season part harmful substances that are contained there will simply wash out. Buckwheat, barley and potatoes respond positively to their use.
Potassium sulphate, which does not contain chlorine, and therefore it can be used for all types of garden and vegetable crops. It is combined with almost all other dressings, except for those that contain calcium in their composition.

Mineral fertilizers: types of complex dressings and microfertilizers

Complex top dressings contain several basic nutrients, so that their capabilities and positive impact on the plants in your garden are significantly increased. The most popular include:

As you can see, the classification of mineral fertilizers is quite large, but we did not tell you about microfertilizers. They include trace elements such as manganese, zinc, copper, iodine, boron. However, such top dressing should be used only if they are lacking in the soil - that is, you should not just use preparations based on them. For example, in peat soil there is a very low percentage of copper, and in soddy soils there is no molybdenum.

In such cases, microfertilizers will help you solve the problem: they make the root system even stronger, protecting plants from diseases, increasing yields. Often such dressings contain a part of growth stimulants. As you can see, there are various types of which are also different. The main thing is to know how to apply top dressing by carefully reading the instructions.

Everyone who uses their household plot for harvesting, at least heard about the benefits of fertilizers. But not every gardener thinks about the real application useful substances, and if he thinks about it, he does not always apply it. Of course, on open areas gardens, subject to the correct crop rotation and plant change, there are already enough organic residues and nutrients - these are insects, plant waste, and rainfall moisture. But such structures as a greenhouse are a space where, if not sterile, then a very closed and limited atmosphere in the natural circulation of substances reigns. Here, for high-quality growth and fruiting, plants need fertilizers - their types and characteristics will be described in our article. For example, nitrogen is very important for vegetables. There are three types of nitrogen fertilizers- amide, ammonia and nitrate. More details will be given below. Now let's talk about what mineral fertilizers are.

Mineral fertilizers are usually used along with organic fertilizers. The name of fertilizers speaks for itself - they contain minerals. minerals, needed by plants, a lot - copper, zinc, potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, and so on - almost everything that can be found in the periodic table.

Depending on the type of soil, plants lack one or another element. Simple mineral fertilizers contain one mineral, complex - several. The most common mineral fertilizers are nitrogen, potash and phosphorus. Phosphorus is superphosphate, bone meal, thermophosphate and some others. They are added to the soil for digging in autumn or early spring. This is due to the fact that due to their poor water solubility, they reach the roots for about 2 months. When fertilizing the soil with phosphorus additives, it should be remembered that they cannot be combined with lime.

We will single out nitrogen fertilizers as a separate topic, since their importance is great precisely at the beginning of the growth of the future crop.

Types of nitrogen fertilizers

Nitrogen is found in both organic and inorganic substances. In industry, it is produced mainly by processing synthetic ammonia. Mineral nitrogen fertilizers are divided into three main groups.

Amide are urea, combinations of urea with formaldehydes, calcium cyanamide; well accepted by all vegetable crops.
Ammonia - ammonium chloride, sulfate and ammonium bicarbonate; gratefully these include long-ripening plants such as onions, cabbages, tomatoes and cucumbers.
Nitrate - sodium, potassium and calcium nitrates. Suitable for plants with a short ripening period - radish, dill, parsley, lettuce, early cabbage.

When using nitrogen fertilizers, it is important to remember that excess nitrogen is very harmful to humans, animals and environment. It is necessary to strictly adhere to all the recommendations indicated on the fertilizer packaging!

Organic fertilizers - their types and characteristics

They are considered the most natural and safe, as they are of natural origin. Organics gives the soil numerous nutrients, improves its structure, develops the activity of beneficial microorganisms. organic - their types and characteristics deserve special attention. They are very important in, as they provide greenhouse land with carbon dioxide. It is used in four main types: bird droppings, manure, humus and peat. All varieties are used as compost - in combination with mineral fertilizers, plant residues, peat. They are often entered as .

One of the most budgetary and effective fertilizers, especially in the countryside, is manure. All the most important substances are contained in it in optimal concentration. In addition, manure improves the structure of the soil, and, decomposing, gives carbon dioxide and helps plants absorb the necessary elements. Fresh manure is brought to the garden in the fall and dug up, and the one that has overgrown can wait until spring. In spring, it is advisable to use fresh manure to warm the earth, since its temperature reaches 70 0.

bird droppings- also a very valuable fertilizer. It is several times larger than manure, rich in minerals and trace elements. Due to such a high concentration, it should be introduced into the soil in a very dosed manner. About half a liter of litter is bred in 10 liters warm water and water the plants with the solution.

Humus - decomposed remains of plants, leaves, roots, manure. This is ideal for growing seedlings.

Peat is a highly acidic additive, so it is mainly used as one of the components of compost.

Types of potash fertilizers

Potassium in fertilizers is most often found in combination with other elements. It increases the keeping quality of fruits, increases the resistance of plants to diseases, and contributes to the full ripening of the crop. There are potash fertilizers with and without chlorine. Chlorine-containing products include potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium salt. These supplements are used in autumn to avoid harmful influence chlorine for planting. For nightshade, potash fertilizers without chlorine are chosen. Neutralize soil acidity caused by chlorine by pre-lime application.

Types of liquid fertilizers

In liquid form, many fertilizers have a milder effect on plants, are absorbed more easily and more fully, and are distributed more evenly in the soil. Liquid can be both organic and solutions of synthetic fertilizers.

organic liquid fertilizers are used in the form of infusions of herbs, mullein, special starter cultures from some food products(onion, garlic, pepper, yeast, sugar, bread - folk recipes a bunch of).

Chemical liquid fertilizers are divided into nitrogen and complex. All of them are solids dissolved in water.

Types of fertilizers and methods of their application- the topic is very broad. Focus on the characteristics of the soil of your site, the crops you grow and, of course, common sense - everything is good in moderation!

It’s worth mentioning right away that such fertilizers are worse organic, since in the latter nutrients and trace elements are in a form that plants can easily assimilate. The bulk of mineral fertilizers are fast-acting, and their dosage depends on the fertility of the land, the demand for plants in them, and the composition of nutrients.

The main macronutrients contained in the fertilizer are magnesium, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, potassium, iron, which are required by plants in significant quantities. Microelements include copper, boron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum. In any case, the lack or excess of both macro-, as well as microelements affects the development of the plant. If the fertilizer consists of one nutrient element, then it is called simple, otherwise it is complex.

Depending on what elements are in the fertilizer, it refers either to nitrogen, or to potash, or to phosphoric.

In the first case, one of the main elements necessary for plants, namely nitrogen, is in a form that is easy for them to digest. But it must be remembered that an excess of this element in the earth negatively affects living beings and nature as a whole, so it is necessary to strictly follow the specified normalization. The most popular fertilizers with nitrogen are: ammonium sulfate (produces a strong oxidizing effect and is perfectly fixed in the soil), ammonium nitrate (this fertilizer acts quickly and can be used in a wide variety of cases, oxidizes the earth) and urea (is absorbed slowly, and therefore it is recommended to spring use).

Thanks to potash fertilizers plants absorb carbon dioxide better. In addition, these fertilizers support the mobility of hydrocarbons and increase the resistance of plants to low temperatures and lack of moisture. The most commonly used potassium chloride, potassium salt and potassium sulfate, which lack magnesium, sodium and chlorine, undesirable for green pets.

Phosphate fertilizers also contribute to plant resistance to frost and drought. They are laid deep into the ground, since the main element of the fertilizer is not too mobile.

A fertilizer called superphosphate can be considered one of the most popular, as it has a quick effect and is perfectly absorbed by the root system of the plant. It will be even better if you combine it with organic fertilizers.

wood ash- a frequently used, very popular and affordable fertilizer. The ash contains about three dozen useful elements, and in the same proportions in which they were in the burnt plant. The only thing that is not in the ashes is nitrogen. use this fertilizer on any soils, with the exception of those that are characterized by an alkaline reaction (ash alkalizes the earth), they are embedded in greenhouse and seedling soil, scattered on top of beds or introduced into holes. Maximum effect from fertilizer appears on heavy and podzolic soils. Along with ash, it is necessary to use other fertilizers, both organic and mineral, to feed the plants. Ash with fertilizer is mixed immediately before use for its intended purpose. Sometimes it is advisable to insist the ashes on the water, filter and only then apply to the soil. This is done in order not to contaminate it with excess related substances contained in the ash.

The amount of nutrients in the ashes depends on what kind of wood was burned. A lot of potassium is found after burning sunflower and potato tops, calcium - after sunflower, potato tops, birch and willow firewood, and phosphorus - after birch firewood and potato tops. Potatoes and root crops respond best to the application of this fertilizer. It contains both potassium and phosphorus, which is important. And besides, there is no chlorine in the ashes. Thus, it is not at all necessary to purchase potash and phosphorus mineral fertilizers, since ash can be used - the result will be no worse. Since moisture soaks potassium from the ashes, they keep it dry.

Fertilizers with a lot of phosphorus should be applied in the fall, while others are mainly in the spring. It must also be said that if the earth is heavy, clayey, then the required rate of fertilizers is applied to the soil only once immediately before sowing, but light soils require repeated application in parts, because the nutrients from such soils are easily washed out with water.

A fairly common type of fertilizer are slaked lime and chalk, which are the more useful, the finer they are crushed, and then mixed with compost or manure. They are very good at reducing soil acidity and provide plants with calcium. Impurities unsuitable for use by plants in lime and chalk are insignificant. From garden and horticultural crops, vegetables gravitate to these fertilizers even on soils with a slightly acidic reaction.

The benefits of fertilizer are maximum if applied in the fall, when there is enough potassium in the ground, when the fertilizer is evenly distributed in the area where the roots are located, with an admixture of ash. Lime quickly comes into contact with the ground, which is a consequence of the thorough grinding of the fertilizer. It has a chemical and mechanical effect on the soil, fixing organic matter in it. When lime is applied, the amount of manure required is reduced.

Manganese fertilizers are manganese sulfate and potassium permanganate. In the first of them, the proportion of manganese can reach 24%. The fertilizer is a white or light gray powder of a crystalline structure, which is highly soluble in water. It can be used as an additive to the main dressing and top dressing or for seed treatment some time before planting. Just for seeds, potassium permanganate is usually used, in particular for the prevention of viruses (for example, tomato seeds) or for plant nutrition through leaf spraying. Tomatoes, beets, cauliflower need manganese. Just remember that this element is actively absorbed into the soil, so if you do not follow the norm of fertilizer, then once it gets into the soil, it can harm the plants, especially when they are still young.

Classic nitrogen fertilizer is urea, in which this chemical element is 46%. Outwardly, this is a set of small crystals, perfectly soluble in water, which have the property of slightly acidifying the earth. It is used to fertilize any plants on lands with a neutral reaction. Best suited for foliar application and in bark composting. If urea is applied to sandy soil, then nitrogen is retained reliably. Zinc, copper, cobalt are also found in the fertilizer.

One of the main copper fertilizers- copper sulfate (contains up to 24% copper). It is a bluish-blue substance with a crystalline structure, soluble in water and can be dispersed. It is used as the main fertilizer both under the root, and for spraying the leaves, seed treatment. Most often, copper is required for peat soils and has a positive effect on parsley, celery, beets, cauliflower, onions, potatoes. In addition, fertilizer is used to protect the plant from late blight.