How to grow clematis. Successful cultivation of luxurious clematis

Clematis (lat. Clematis), or clematis, or vine- a genus of the buttercup family, is a woody plant or herbaceous perennial, common in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere. There are about 300 species in total, and they are sometimes very different from each other. Greek word"klema" once meant any climbing plant. In home floriculture, it is clematis-lianas that are most often used. Clematis is said to be a plant that can replace an entire garden.

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Planting and caring for clematis (in brief)

Landing: sowing for seedlings is carried out from December to March, depending on the size of the seeds. Seedlings are planted in autumn or spring.
Bloom: depending on the variety and species from April to October.
Lighting: bright sun, light shade.
The soil: loose, rich in humus, sandy or loamy, with a pH value from slightly alkaline to slightly acidic.
Watering: once a week, consumption depends on age: from 10 to 40 liters for each bush. In the dry season - 2-3 times a week.
Top dressing: during the growth period - nitrogen fertilizers, during the budding period - potash, after flowering - phosphorus. Do not feed during flowering.
Garter: required. The supports must be very strong.
Pruning: regular, mandatory, timing and intensity depend on which group the plant belongs to.
Reproduction: seed and vegetative - dividing the bush, layering, pinning shoots.
Pests: gall and leaf nematodes.
Diseases: verticillium wilt, gray rot, rust, powdery mildew, ascochitosis, and sometimes viral yellow mosaic.

Clematis flowers - description

Types of clematis are very different from each other. Among them there are semi-shrubs, shrubs, herbaceous perennials, But most of species belongs to the group of lianas. Their root system is of two types: taproot (plants of this group are poorly transplanted) and fibrous. The shoots of the current year in clematis are thin, in herbaceous species these shoots are green and rounded, in woody species they are faceted. Such shoots develop from the above-ground buds of old shoots or from the underground part of clematis. The leaves of clematis are simple or compound (consisting of three, five or seven leaflets), paired, usually green, but in some species purple.

Bisexual clematis flowers are single or collected in inflorescences of various forms (semi-umbrella, shield, panicle). Petals (in fact, these are sepals) have a different number: from four to eight, and in terry forms - up to seventy. At simple forms in the center of the flower there are many stamens and pistils, which makes the middle look like a hairy spider, often with a contrasting color.

In general, the color range of clematis is very wide: from pale pink to dark red, from light blue to velvet blue and, of course, there are white and yellow clematis. Each flower lives for two to three weeks, many varieties of clematis exude an aroma reminiscent of primrose, jasmine or almonds. The fruits of clematis are numerous achenes.

Growing clematis

Clematis from seeds

In the huge variety of species and varieties of clematis for gardeners, there is a temptation to do the selection yourself. For those who are interested in growing clematis from seeds, we are ready to provide necessary information about this process.

According to the size of the seeds and the duration of their germination Clematis are divided into three groups:

Clematis with large seeds that germinate for a very long time and unevenly - from one and a half to eight months, or even longer (clematis Durand, Jacqueman, purple, woolly, etc.);
Clematis, the seeds of which are of medium size and germinate within one and a half to six months (clematis whole-leaved, Manchurian, six-petal, Douglas, Chinese, etc.);
Clematis with small seeds, germinating both quickly and amicably - from two weeks to four months maximum (Tangut clematis, vine-leaved, etc.).

In the photo: Clematis seeds

Clematis seeds harvested this year germinate best, but if the seed material is stored in paper bags at a temperature of 18-23 ºC, it will be suitable for germination for four years. According to the time of sowing, the terms are as follows: small seeds are sown in March-April, medium - after the New Year holidays, and large - immediately after harvest, in autumn or early winter.

At the end of summer, dark gray necrosis may appear on the leaves and shoots, making them velvety and changing their color. In the middle of summer, clematis can get sick ascotichosis causing necrosis irregular shape on the leaves, or cylindrosporiosis, "decorating" the leaves with bright yellow spots. Preparations containing copper are effective against all these diseases - 1% solution of copper sulphate, for example.

On the picture:

TO viral diseases clematis is resistant, but sucking pests can infect the plant with a yellow mosaic of leaves, against which there are no drugs yet, so diseased plants will have to be destroyed. In the future, do not plant clematis next to plants that are easily affected by mosaics - hosta, sweet pea, delphinium, aquilegia, phlox and peony. Sometimes clematis suffer from gall or leaf nematodes. When removing rotten specimens, look at the state of the roots of the plants, and if you find nodules on the roots, do not plant clematis in this area for several years.

Clematis pruning

Pruning of clematis is carried out during the growth of the plant, as necessary, to extend the flowering period, and for the winter. If you remember, there are three groups of clematis:

The first group of clematis (group A). In this group, flowers form on last year's shoots, so only weak shoots are pruned. Do this after flowering in June. Before winter, clematis are highly spud;
The second group of clematis (group B) blooms both on last year's shoots and on shoots of the current year. Pruning is done at a level of 0.5-1 m, leaving 2-5 pairs of buds, and weak shoots are cut to the ground. The vine is removed from the support, folded and carefully laid at the roots;
The third group of clematis (group C) forms inflorescences only on young shoots of the current year, clematis of this group are pruned several times during the growing season. In autumn, all shoots are cut to ground level or slightly higher.

Clematis after flowering

When will it come deep autumn, you need to think about how your clematis will live in winter. In dry weather, under the base of any clematis in the center of the bush, on the eve of winter, pour out a bucket of humus, after removing all the leaves and treating the neck of the plant with a two percent solution blue vitriol. Then you need to spud clematis to a height of 10-15 cm with sand and ash (250 g of ash per bucket of sand). They cover the clematis that need it in a dry way: the shoots are bent or twisted and laid on the base, covered with dry leaves (spruce branches, even crushed foam is used), then covered wooden box so that there is air around the plant, roofing felt, roofing material or other waterproof material is placed on the box, which is pressed down in the corners with stones or bricks so that it does not blow away by the wind, and all this is covered with an earthen or peat layer of 20-25 cm from above.

In the spring, the ground and the film are first removed, and the spruce branches or leaves are removed only when the threat of frost has passed. Shoots are carefully lifted, straightened and distributed on supports.

Types and varieties of clematis

There are several classifications of clematis: the division of clematis into groups by M.A. Beskaravainaya, taking into account the origin of the species on the maternal line, the taxonomic system of M. Tamura, the classifications of A. Raider, L. Bailey, V. Matthews and others. Lovers and beginners prefer to use the simplest classification of clematis according to the size of their flowers: large-flowered clematis, medium-flowered clematis and small-flowered clematis.

But the following international classification is most convenient for flower growers:

Clematis, the flowers of which bloom on last year's shoots (group A);
Clematis blooming on both last year's shoots and current year's shoots (group B);
Clematis that bloom only on current year's shoots (Group C).

Let's look at these groups and the varieties of clematis that belong to them.

Group one A:

Clematis alpine (Clematis alpina)

Liana, reaching a height of 3 m, her leaves are leathery, large, small tubular blue flowers bloom in August. It is sometimes used as a border plant. Varieties:

Clematis Artagena Franchi- height 2-2.4 m, flowers are bell-shaped, blue with a white center, pointing down. winter-hardy;
Clematis Albina Plena- white clematis, terry, tall (up to 2.8 m), blooms from May to June;
Clematis Pamela Jackman- length of shoots 2-3 m, flowers purple-blue, drooping, length - 6-7 cm, blooms from April to June, blooms a second time in the second half of summer, but not so abundantly.

In the photo: Alpine clematis (Clematis alpina) Albina Plena

In the photo: Alpine Clematis (Clematis alpina) Artagena Franchi

In the photo: Alpine Clematis (Clematis alpina) Pamela Jackman

Clematis flowery (Clematis florida)

High woody liana, more than 3 m high, single flowers, large, fragrant, mostly light shades. There are bicolor varieties of clematis. Popular varieties:

Clematis Vyvyan Pennell- height up to 3.5 m, lilac double flowers 12-15 cm in diameter;
Clematis Kid- height - 1 m, cruciform flowers light- purple with a blue tint with a diameter of 10-14 cm;
Clematis Joan of Arc- pure white fragrant double flowers of compact size, which seem large against the background of a small plant. The plant is frost-resistant, not afraid of either the sun or shade, almost does not get sick.

In the photo: Flowery clematis (Clematis florida) Jeanne d'Arc

In the photo: Flowery clematis (Clematis florida) Vyvyan Pennell

Clematis mountain (Clematis montana)

Giant liana up to 9 m tall, leaves are small, sharp, collected in bunches of five flowers on long pedicels - white, 4-5 cm in diameter, yellow stamens. Dislikes cold winters. Varieties:

Clematis Rubens- a fast-growing vine up to 6 m long, woody, trifoliate leaves, pointed, oval, with a bronze sheen. Opened flowers of red-pink color up to 6 cm in diameter are collected in 3-5 pieces. Blooms profusely, loves the sun;
Clematis Montana Grandiflora- the length of the shoots of this creeper is 5 m, the trifoliate leaves are arranged in bunches, the flowers are medium in size - up to 5 cm, open, with a delicate smell, collected in bunches of several pieces, the sepals are white or white-pink, the anthers are light yellow. This variety blooms in May-June.

In the photo: Mountain Clematis (Clematis montana) Grandiflora

In the photo: Clematis mountain (Clematis montana) Rubens

Group two B:

Woolly clematis (Clematis lanuginosa)

Shrub liana up to 2.5 m long, beautiful single flowers up to 20 cm in diameter in white, blue and pink hues. The first time it blooms on last year's shoots in May-June, the second - at the end of summer, but already on new shoots. Popular varieties:

Clematis Madame le Cultre- shoots 2.5-3 m long, leaves simple or trifoliate, lobed or entire. Flowers with a diameter of 14-20 cm, sepals are white, anthers are light, bloom in July. Winter hardiness is average;
Clematis Hybrida Sieboldii- liana, shoots up to 3 m long, flowers 16 cm in diameter: light lilac sepals with a dark edge, red-brown anthers. Blooms from July to September;
Clematis Lawsoniana- shrub liana, shoot length up to three meters, sometimes simple leaves, often trifoliate, oval leaves. The buds look up, fragrant flowers up to 18 cm in diameter, sepals are lilac-violet with a dark stripe in the middle, anthers are purple. It blooms in May-June, sometimes repeated, but weaker flowering in autumn is possible.

In the photo: Woolly clematis (Clematis lanuginosa) Hybrida Sieboldii

In the photo: Woolly clematis (Clematis lanuginosa) Lawsoniana

In the photo: Woolly clematis (Clematis lanuginosa) Madame le culture

Clematis spreading (Clematis patens)

Shrub liana, the shoots of which reach a length of 3.5 m, the flowers are large, up to 15 cm in diameter or more, the most different shades from white to dark blue, there are bicolor varieties. The shape of the flowers are simple, star-shaped or double. It blooms in May-June on old shoots, may re-bloom in autumn on young shoots. All varieties are afraid of severe cold.

Clematis Joan Pikton- length of shoots up to 3 m, very large flowers (up to 22 cm) light lilac with a purple tint with a light stripe in the center of the petal. The edges of the petals are wavy. Anthers red. Blooms very profusely;
Clematis Multi Blue- liana up to 2.5 m high, blue-violet double flowers 14 cm in diameter are located along the shoot in several tiers. Blooms in June-August.

In the photo: Clematis spreading (Clematis patens) Joan Pikton

In the photo: Clematis spreading (Clematis patens) Multi Blue

Group three C:

Clematis of the Jackman group (Clematis jackmanii)

These are clematis obtained from crossing clematis Lanuginoz with clematis Vititsella, which are mostly large shrub vines with shoots up to 4-6 meters long and a well-developed root system. Their leaves are pinnately compound, consisting of 3-5 large leaves, the buds are elongated, the flowers are single or collected in 3 pieces, open, directed to the side and up, odorless, of all possible shades except white. In diameter, the flowers of this group reach 20 cm, although there are varieties in which flowers are only 8 cm in diameter. The varieties of this group bloom profusely and for a long time on the shoots of this year, which are cut to ground level in winter or leave a shoot with three to five pairs of buds. Popular varieties:

Clematis Rouge Cardinal- creeper with a shoot length of 2-2.5 m with trifoliate leaves, flowers - open, up to 15 cm in diameter, cruciform. Velvety sepals dark purple, anthers light purple. Blooms in July-September. Moderately winter hardy. Clematis "Rouge Cardinal" - the owner of many floricultural awards;
Clematis Star of India- shrub liana with shoots up to 3 m long. Compound leaves consist of 3-5 entire or lobed oval-pointed leaflets. The flowers are open, up to 15 cm in diameter, diamond-shaped sepals are juicy purple with a purple stripe along the middle, anthers are light. It blooms very abundantly in the second half of summer;
Clematis Gipsy Queen- shrub liana, the shoots of which reach 3.5 m. There are about 15 shoots in the bush. The leaves are complex, the buds are raised up, the flowers are open, up to 15 cm in diameter, the sepals are wide, velvety, bright purple, they almost do not fade in the sun, the anthers are maroon, the pollen is also colored. It blooms very profusely from the second half of summer until frost. Not afraid of shadows, up to 20 flowers on each shoot. The variety is resistant to fungal diseases;
clematis bella- shoots only up to 2 m long, star-shaped flowers 10-15 cm in diameter, waxy, first light yellow, then become snow-white. The variety is winter-hardy, resistant to fungi. Blooms from July to September.

In the photo: Clematis Jackman (Clematis jackmanii) Bella

In the photo: Clematis Jackman (Clematis jackmanii) Gipsy Queen

In the photo: Clematis Jackman (Clematis jackmanii) Rouge Cardinal

In the photo: Clematis jackmanii (Clematis jackmanii) Star of India

Purple Clematis (Clematis viticella)

The name itself suggests that this species is represented by purple flowers of different intensities and shades. The flowers of representatives of this species are simple, sometimes drooping, ranging in size from 10 to 20 cm in diameter. The shoots of these vines reach 3.5 m in length, and they grow quickly. Clematis of this species bloom from June to September. Here are some varieties of this species:

Clematis Ville de Lyon- shrub liana, dark brown shoots up to 3.5 m long, in a bush there are up to 15 such shoots. The leaves are compound, consist of 3-5 whole or lobed leaves, which turn yellow and dry at the base of the shoots. Buds look up, open flowers 10-15 cm in diameter, long peduncles. Wide carmine-red sepals fade in the summer in the sun, bright anthers yellow color. It blooms profusely, up to 15 flowers on each shoot;
Clematis Viola- the shoots of this creeper reach a length of 2.5 m, the leaves are trifoliate, it blooms profusely and continuously from July to October with disc-shaped open, propeller-like flowers 10-14 cm in diameter. Sepals dark purple with purple veins, anthers pale yellow;
Clematis Polish Spirit- shoots of this creeper up to 4 m long, strewn with lilac-lilac flowers with a diameter of 8 cm from the end of June until the coldest weather.

In the photo: Purple Clematis (Clematis viticella) Polish Spirit

In the photo: Purple clematis (Clematis viticella) Ville de Lyon

In the photo: Purple clematis (Clematis viticella) Viola

Whole leaf clematis (Clematis integrifolia)

Type of climbing shrubs that do not cling to a support. The height of these plants is not higher than 2.5 m, drooping bell-shaped flowers of red, pink, purple, blue and blue hues. Popular varieties:

Clematis Durandii (Clematis Duran)- one of the most beautiful large-flowered species of hybrid origin. Climbing shrub only up to 2 m high, has brown shoots, of which there are up to fifteen in a bush. The leaves are oval, simple, whole, dense, not damaged by the sun. The flowers are drooping, up to 12 cm in diameter, the sepals are bright purple or juicy blue, fading in the sun, the anthers are pale yellow. On each shoot up to 15 flowers. This variety blooms from July to October;
clematis Varava- shoots no longer than 2.5 m, star-shaped flowers with a diameter of 12-16 cm, light purple on the inside with a burgundy stripe along the petal, pale purple on the outside with an even lighter middle stripe. Blooms until frost;
clematis memory of the heart- semi-shrub with shoots 1-2 m long, drooping bell-shaped flowers 5-9 cm in diameter, blooms profusely from July to frost (October).

Clematis burning, or small-flowered (Clematis flammula)

- creeper with small white fragrant flowers, grows very quickly, reaching a length of shoots up to 5 m, the leaves are complex, dark green, pinnate, cruciform flowers are collected in inflorescences. Blooms in July-August.

Tangut Clematis (Clematis tangutica)

- fast-growing tall liana, blooming with medium-sized yellow bell-shaped flowers. Gives seeds, does not require shelter in the cold season.

In the photo: Clematis whole-leaved Duran (Clematis integrifolia)

In the photo: Clematis whole-leaved Memory of the heart (Clematis integrifolia)

In the photo: Clematis tangutica (Clematis tangutica) Back

Clematis are of particular interest to flower growers, and for good reason. These plants bloom beautifully and profusely from June to September. There are varieties of clematis that give up to several hundred flowers at the same time. Extremely the color of graceful large clematis flowers is varied, the diameter of which can reach 15 - 20 cm. They can be purple, pink, crimson, blue.

Many varieties of clematis curl, clinging to various supports and reaching a height of several meters. These plants are especially good for vertical gardening garden plots - for decorating walls, fences, arbors, terraces.

There are also bush species of clematis up to a meter high. They are planted, as a rule, in groups against the backdrop of a lawn or in rocky gardens.

Let's talk more about how to plant and how to grow clematis

Growing clematis usually begins with the acquisition of an annual seedling. How and when to plant it? How to care for clematis in the future?

Best time to land - early summer when danger of late frost has passed. But you can plant in the fall, a month and a half before real frosts. Seedlings should have enough time to take root.

These plants grow well in alkaline, neutral or slightly acidic soils. For planting clematis, pits are dug, on heavy soils 70x70x70 cm, on light soils 50x50x50 cm. The distance between the pits is from 70 cm to a meter. Clematis do not tolerate waterlogging and stagnant water. If ground water close, gravel is put on the bottom, broken brick layer 10-15 cm.

Before planting clematis, the pits are filled with nutrient soil (oily loose clay is well suited), 1-2 buckets of humus and 50-100 g of superphosphate or nitrophoska are added. Clematis seedlings are deepened by 6-8 cm, leaving a hole around the plant. The next year, the plants are deepened by another 10-15 cm. The degree of deepening depends on the soil - on heavy soils they are buried less, on light soils more. After planting, the shoots are cut short, leaving 2-4 lower buds. After a few weeks, when the shoots grow back, they are cut again. Strong pruning of clematis in the first two years of life contributes to better root development.

After you have planted the clematis, water it abundantly, for better water access and to prevent soil erosion, you can make a hole around the plant. It is good to mulch the soil with sawdust or peat. The seedling needs to be shaded from direct sunlight.

When planting clematis, do not forget about the supports. They need to be installed right now. There are many beautiful fences, lattices, ladders on sale. You can make supports yourself, but remember that they must be not only durable, but also attractive in appearance, because. whips of clematis will close them only in the second half of summer. The height of the supports is from 1.5 to 3 meters.

As clematis grows, every 2-3 days the shoots need to be tied to a support so that the wind does not tear them off.

When growing clematis important role watering plays. Clematis must be watered abundantly, especially the first two years after planting. Under three-year-old bushes, you need to pour 2-3 buckets once or twice a week. Correct watering- a pledge of beautiful and lush flowering plants.

In the first two years, horses mainly grow in clematis, few shoots are formed, only 1-3. Single flowers appearing on these shoots are best cut off. Then, with proper, caring care, 5-6 year old bushes will develop dozens of shoots and hundreds of beautiful flowers will bloom on them.

From the third year, clematis are gaining strength, many new shoots grow. By pruning and pinching the shoots during the summer, you can adjust the timing of flowering. So, if you shorten some of the strong shoots, clematis flowers will appear later on the growing new shoots and the flowering will be longer.

Clematis are very responsive to feeding. It is recommended to fertilize grown plants once a week. They are fed with complete mineral fertilizer (30 g per 10 liters of water per 2 sq. M of soil). You can feed with wood ash (1 cup for each plant). Mullein is well suited as a fertilizer, which is bred at the rate of ten parts of water for one part of manure.

Clematis - reproduction

There are several ways to propagate clematis: seeds, layering, cuttings and dividing the bush.

Clematis from seeds appear in different dates. After sowing the seeds, do not be upset if they do not sprout with you this very summer. Seeds of some varieties of clematis germinate only in the second and even in the third year, and sometimes even later. It is useful to water such crops in the summer in 2-3 weeks with a weak solution. boric acid(1-2 grams per bucket) and potassium permanganate (2-3 grams per bucket).

When propagating clematis by layering, a young shoot 20-30 cm long must be bent to the ground and laid in a groove 5-10 cm deep. In places of internodes, pin the shoot with wire brackets or press it with pebbles and cover it all with earth, leaving the top free with several leaves. As the shoot grows, fill in new internodes, leaving only its top above the soil. Remember to water the soil regularly and abundantly.

Leave the rooted shoot of clematis in place for the winter. And in the spring, cut the lashes between the nodes and plant the plants on permanent place.

It is also possible to propagate clematis by cuttings. Cuttings with one or two internodes should be cut at the beginning of flowering plants from the middle part of the vine, leaving 2 cm above the node and 3-4 cm below. To speed up root formation, place the cuttings for 16-24 hours in an aqueous solution of heteroauxin (50-75 grams per 1 liter of water).

Plant cuttings of clematis obliquely in boxes or containers in washed sand, peat or a mixture of sand and peat in equal parts. At a temperature of 20-25 degrees, the cuttings take root better, so cover the container with a film and put it in a greenhouse or greenhouse. Cuttings in the rooting process is very useful to spray.

Depending on the variety of clematis and the conditions created, the cuttings take root in a month or two. After that, they need to be transplanted into pots with nutrient soil. If it is too late to plant seedlings in the ground, during the winter keep the plants indoors with a low temperature of + 2-7 degrees. Water infrequently, but make sure the soil does not dry out. In the spring of next year, clematis seedlings are suitable for planting in a permanent place. Plants from cuttings, rooted in the summer, will bloom by the fall of next year.

Shelter of clematis for the winter

Clematis are natives of the warm places of the globe, so they need shelter for the winter. late autumn all clematis are pruned, but pruned differently, depending on which group the variety belongs to. So clematis from the Florida, Patens, Lanuginosa groups, whose flowers form on last year's shoots, are cut off by one third after the first frost, and then the plant vines are laid on the ground in rings and well covered. The following year, in the first half of summer, large flowers will bloom on these shoots, later flowers will appear on the shoots of the current year.

And those clematis, whose flowers are formed on annual shoots, for example, in the varieties of the Jacqueman and Vititsella groups, should be cut off in the fall, leaving stumps with 2-3 nodes.

After that, the plants are covered with boards, boxes, covered with earth, leaves, spruce branches, sawdust, rotted manure, weathered peat with a layer of 20-30 cm. And when snow falls, it must be thrown from above.

Some flower growers do not cut the vines, but lay them on the ground, cover the lower part with fallen leaves, crushed peat, dry inflorescences of large perennials with about a layer of 20 centimeters. On such plants, whips up to half a meter long with live buds are preserved. In the spring, they remove the shelter, cut off the dead parts of the vines. Then they develop faster side shoots which bloom profusely throughout the summer.

Currently, varieties of frost-resistant clematis that bloom on last year's shoots have been bred. These are clematis: alpine, large-petal, Siberian, mountain. For such varieties, pruning is optional and they can winter without shelter in conditions middle lane. Siberian clematis also withstands colder wintering, up to -30 degrees.

In autumn, you need to remember that too tight shelter prevents ventilation, and plants can die from this.

Clematis in spring

In spring, one should not rush to open clematis: intermittent frosts and bright sun have a detrimental effect on the kidneys. And when the danger of spring frosts has passed, the shelter is removed, after which the clematis are fed with nitrogen fertilizers, for example, urea - 40 g per 10 liters of water. On acidic soils, clematis is watered with milk of lime (200 g of slaked lime per 10 liters of water per 1 sq. M of soil).

The name of this dazzling climbing perennial translated as "vine shoot" or "forest grapes". The plant is a close relative of the common, unremarkable buttercup. The topic of this article is clematis. You will learn the secrets of planting and growing plants in the open field. You can also choose suitable grade culture.

Varieties and varieties of clematis

The genus Clematis (Clematis) has a huge number of species (according to some sources up to 380), which are usually classified into pruning groups.

Several clematis bushes are able to create a living flowering hedge along the entire fence

The types and varieties of clematis are divided as follows:

1 group. The formation of flower buds occurs on the shoots of the current year;
2 group. The formation of flower buds occurs on the shoots of the previous year.

Any pruning stimulates plants to new shoot formation, branching and abundant flowering. Photos of flowering clematis bushes attract and fascinate: you can look at them for hours, marveling at the variety of flowers.

Clematis are abundant species, which are subdivided into:

Herbaceous perennial vines - at the end of the growing season, the shoots die off completely.
Semi-shrubs - the upper part of the bush dies off annually, the lower (bush) remains for many years.
Shrubs - the plant forms a large lignified stem that winters well without pruning.

Clematis grown in open ground, it is customary to divide into wild species, small and large-flowered, climbing and bush. Wild clematis are the progenitors of modern cultivars.

Curly large-flowered clematis

The natural habitat of wild plant species is a temperate climate, where they develop well and bloom with small flowers. The color of flowers in wild-growing species of clematis is limited to white, all shades of yellow and blue. Occasionally there are individuals with small reddish or purple flowers up to 4 cm in diameter.

Rich collection of clematis (clematis) natural species(over 200 species varieties and forms) is preserved in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden in the Crimea.

Clematis hybrid (C. hybrida hort.)

These are powerful perennial vines or shrubs, reaching a height of 3 m, which cling to the support with leaf petioles and stems. Single flowers are collected in inflorescences, the diameter of one flower can reach 20 cm. After flowering, decorative clematis form rounded pubescent fruits.

Hybrid variety of clematis "Alexandrite" with very large flowers

Juicy, green, dissected leaves are beautiful in themselves, but during the flowering period, when the vine resembles a blooming bonfire, the plant looks very decorative. Clematis need to provide a sunny and wind-protected place. In addition, the plant will need a strong support, since the weight of an adult plant with flowers and leaves can be over 100 kg.

Large-flowered clematis

The cultivation of large-flowered varieties is due to the high decorativeness of clematis of this group. The size of the flower in dissolution reaches 20 cm. A variety of colors - juicy and bright - add decorativeness to these plants. That's why large-flowered varieties clematis are popular when grown outdoors, often used to create compositions in landscape design.

This group of flowering plants is divided into several subgroups with significant differences in vegetation.

Clematis Jackman

Jacquman- large lianas, sometimes shrubs. Shoots reach a length of 4 m. The plant develops a powerful, branched root system with strong and long roots. Clematis Jacquemann blooms with large, odorless flowers. They are characterized by a bright color of blue-violet, white and purple tones. Flowering is long; flowers appear on the shoots of the current year. These vines are cut short in preparation for the winter.

Important! When pruning Jacquemann's clematis in the fall, you need to leave 2-3 pairs of lower buds.

Clematis Vititsella "Red"

Viticella- length 3.5 m. Widely open flowers are painted in pinkish and purple tones. Flowering on the shoots of the current year is characterized by high decorativeness and duration. Winter pruning required. Clematis Vititsella, when planted in open ground, are in perfect harmony with varieties of other groups.

Clematis lanuginosa 'Marie Boisselot'

Lanuginoza- thin lashes of these vine-like shrubs climb onto supports up to 2.5 m high. Plants of this subgroup are distinguished by friendly flowering on last year's shoots. A cascade of single flowers of delicate blue, pink and white tones with shades opens up together and massively. Pruning clematis in the fall of this year. The following year, the creepers will bloom in late summer, already on the shoots of the current year.

Clematis patens 'Rebecca'

Patents- lignified vines. In length, the plants of this subgroup reach 3.5 m. The flowers are solitary, can reach up to 15 cm in diameter, are painted in different colors. This subgroup includes cultivars with fully double and semi-double flowers. Flowering is observed exclusively on last year's shoots. In autumn, a gentle pruning of the plant is carried out - the lashes are slightly shortened, it is required safe shelter for the winter.

Clematis Florida

Florida- long vines of shrub type. In height, plants of this group can reach 3 m. Flowering on the shoots of the past year. Large flowers can have completely different colors, but mostly light colors. Pruning is done before winter, the upper part of the plant is cut out, up to about 2 meters. The remaining bush, preparing for wintering, is well insulated.

Clematis Integrifolia

Integrifolia- clematis of this group reach a height of only 1.5 meters, but at the same time they are characterized by abundant and powerful formation of the skeletal part of the plant. They form many lashes. The flowers are medium in size - up to 12 cm. The color of the petals varies from dark to light tones. Flowering - on the shoots of last year. In autumn, the shoots are pruned.

Planting a plant

Planting clematis is a responsible business. It is necessary to take into account many nuances. The first decade of September, the most best time when planting clematis is most preferable.

Important! The culture requires a lot of light for development and abundant flowering, but it is useful to remember that varieties with dark petal colors fade very quickly in the open sun.

Most cultivar clematis require support to support the plant. You can choose a place to plant a plant near the wall of the house, but at the same time it is necessary to ensure that atmospheric precipitation is removed from the roof in the other direction so that excess water does not cause clematis roots to get wet and rot.

Scheme: options for planting clematis

When planting a plant singly, it is necessary to take into account the direction of the prevailing wind, which can harm the plant, especially the young and not strong.

landing pit

Planting is carried out in square pits, the sides of which are 0.6 m. The depth of the pit is about the same. Soil soil needs to be removed, prepare the planting mixture:

2 buckets of humus;
1 bucket of peat mixture and coarse sand;
100 g of double superphosphate (in granules);
400 g of ash;
chalk - 200 g.

Important! Acid soil at the planting site must be neutralized. The culture develops only on alkaline and neutral soils.

For planting, it is required to pre-prepare cuttings with a part of a lignified stem and layering.

The process of planting a clematis bush

The pit is filled with a nutrient mixture and a support is placed. The seedling is placed on the earth sprinkled with a mound. The roots must be carefully straightened. Do not cover the root collar with soil. After planting, the plant should be watered, avoiding overflow.

Planting clematis bushes can be carried out at any time, even in summer and spring, but it is preferable to do it in the fall.

Proper care

Clematis care includes many agricultural activities, but the most important of them is pruning. By pruning the crop correctly, you can achieve the development of powerful, abundantly flowering plants.

There are varieties of clematis that absolutely cannot be cut. Flower buds in these plants are laid on matured shoots of the previous year. Thickened plantings are thinned out after flowering, leaving shoots of at least 1 m.

Clematis pruning

Pruning of the second group of plants (varieties with large flowers that bloom in the spring on the shoots of the previous year, and then repeat flowering on the growth of the current year) is carried out at the age of 1 year to a height of up to 30 cm, it is allowed to remove up to 1.5 m of bush shoots from two-year-old shoots .

Clematis varieties blooming in late summer (Viticella; Late Large-flowered) are heavily pruned. Their pruning is done low above the ground, no higher than 20-50 cm from the ground.

Important! Before cutting the plant, it is useful to know what species the clematis belongs to.

Plant care during the growing season is reduced to loosening and mulching the soil, weeding, fertilizing. Regular watering is important (in hot weather, watering is required abundantly).

Mulching the soil around the clematis bush

In hot weather, plants suffer from overheating of the soil, so it is very important to mulch the soil on top of the planting pits.

To support the plants, it is important to install supports that can support the weight of the plant. Supports must be set at such a height that the plant has the opportunity to freely climb up the support.

Fertilizer and top dressing of clematis

Top dressing of clematis begins after the growth of green mass. The fertilizer used is nitrogen, which stimulates growth. Watering is combined in time with the application of fertilizer.

The second top dressing is carried out at the time of plant budding. Apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

Clematis require fairly frequent mineral feeding.

During the growing season of the plant, about 2 times a month, it is required to fertilize the plants with microelements.

An important event is the autumn fertilization of plants with phosphorus, around September. IN trunk circles is brought double superphosphate(granulated).

Important! An overdose of phosphate fertilizers causes premature aging of the plant and chlorosis.

Plant propagation

Clematis are so beautiful in the open field that you always want to propagate the plant yourself to decorate the site.

The plant can be propagated by seed and vegetatively:

The division of the bush. This method is suitable for adults, overgrown plants, but not older than 7 years. The bush is dug up, cut into pieces with part of the root system and buds. It is better to shorten long shoots for better survival of the bush. Plants are planted in accordance with the rules for planting clematis.
Reproduction by shoots. Green shoots with internodes are pinned to the ground in spring, covered with soil. After the formation of the root system, the plants are separated and planted.

Propagation of clematis by layering

Summer cuttings. The shoot of clematis is passed through a container without a bottom, which is gradually filled with soil. Reproduction of clematis in this way allows you to get a full-fledged plant at no extra cost.
Seed propagation of the culture is used in breeding work to develop new varieties.

Diseases and pests

Clematis enough unpretentious plant, but sometimes the culture is attacked by pests. The development of diseases in a plant is often associated with improper care.

The root system of the plant is damaged by moles and moles, gall and root nematodes; leaves and young shoots - snails and slugs. In addition, on the leaves of the plant settle: aphids, mealybug, spider mite(especially in hot summers without rain), scab.

You can destroy plant pests using special means control of a particular type of pest.

Moles can often disrupt the root system of clematis

Clematis can be affected by the following diseases:

Powdery mildew - white bloom covers all parts of the plant. Leaves curl and wither. Treatment: all plants are treated with 0.05 - 0.2% systemic fungicide (karatan). Cropped infected parts of the plant must be burned.
Withering - fungal disease causing rapid withering of the green parts of clematis. Treatment: treatment with foundationazole, phytosporin-M, copper oxychloride.
Rust - A rusty coating appears on the leaves, causing growth retardation and leaf fall. Treatment: spraying with Bordeaux mixture.
Yellow mosaic is a viral disease characterized by massive yellowing of the leaves. There is no cure, the plants are destroyed.

Yellow mosaic on clematis leaves

Clematis: combination with other plants

Cultivation of clematis in open ground is possible in single plantings, but the combination with other plants increases the decorative effect of clematis lianas when decorating territories in landscape design.

A wonderful combination of flowering clematis when planted next to climbing roses, barberries, mock oranges, forsythia, conifers.

An excellent combination is obtained when planting clematis on the lawn. The bush looks especially decorative when a proper support is installed.

Clematis is a wonderful decoration for a hedge, walls of a house or a gazebo.

Clematis in landscape design

Plants are widely used in landscape design. Priority when planting is used by varietal climates that do not require cardinal pruning and shelter for the winter. Looking at photos of European gardens and parks, depicting blooming clematis, you never cease to be amazed at the fiction of landscape engineers who come up with interesting solutions to support bushes in open ground.

Perennial clematis are represented by a variety of species and colors. In horticulture, more than 230 species of this flowering plant, and only 50 of them are cultivated for home gardening. They attract gardeners abundant flowering And easy care. Pink, blue, purple and other shades of clematis delight the eye with their abundant flowering from the very beginning of summer until the end of September (see clematis, photo is presented).

Simple types and terry ones with a variety of combinations of shades and shapes can be used instead of a fence, they will colorfully decorate your terrace.

Growing clematis with is slightly different from growing large-flowered species. These climbing shrubs and subshrubs proper care bloom long and profusely. Those that have small diameter flowers thrive well in loose soil provided they are watered regularly in the first year. Clematis species with large flowers need reverent care for them. Originally from the subtropics, they cannot stand drought, love regular watering, but are light-loving.

In order for clematis to bloom for a long time and intensively, you need to grow a wide bush, and the more shoots it grows in spring, the more flowers there will be on the plant.

How to start growing clematis

Successful cultivation clematis starts with right choice places. Therefore, the plant needs to be provided with a sunny, wind-protected place, but it should not be a sunny south side: overheating for clematis is as dangerous as prolonged drought. Clematis is a moisture-loving plant, so it must be watered regularly, then loosened, and the ground should also be mulched with sawdust or peat.

For the winter, they are pruned depending on the types of clematis. Small-flowered shoots are removed from the support and the shoots are laid in a ring, well covering from upcoming frosts.

Plants with large flowers are cut off above the soil itself, then in the spring the bush will sprout strong shoots that will bloom for a long time.

If you have purchased an annual small plant, it is better to plant it in the spring, when there are no more frosts, or in the middle of autumn, covering it with a small layer of fallen leaves for the winter. When planting, it is well watered with water, making holes around the planted plant.

Clematis soon take root and give the first shoots. At first it will be 3-4 shoots, but in the second or third year, with proper care, the bush will expand. Already in the first summer after planting, the plant can please the first flower, it is pinched off for the correct formation of the bush.

Successful cultivation of clematis is possible on fertile soil. Plants do not like too hard ground, so humus and sand are added to the soil. Shrubs should also be fertilized regularly: organic or mineral fertilizers 2 times a month.

Clematis grow fast. Depending on the species, they produce shoots from 1 to several meters. Therefore, they need to put supports, ladders almost immediately after the appearance of the first shoots in early spring.

Reproduction of clematis

In order to breed clematis, reproduction is possible by seeds, cuttings and layering. Seeds germinate for a long period - from 1 to 3 years. Therefore, the fact that the seeds do not grow, there is no reason to worry. It remains to wait. This option is more suitable for breeders.

Can be prepared from lignified stems, but not old ones. To do this, take the middle part of the stem, cut into several cuttings with 3-4 dormant buds. Rooted in peat, sand, fixing the cuttings at an angle. Cover with foil or jar. The soil around the cutting is regularly moistened.

by the most the best option reproduction of clematis is reproduction by layering. To do this, in the fall they take a long shoot, bend it over the ground and pinch it with a dart in several places, cover it with earth or pebbles for rooting. So leave until spring, covering the fallen leaves. In the spring, already rooted shoots are separated and transplanted to a permanent place.

In order for the flowers of this perennial to delight you every year, you need to understand that growing clematis requires constant proper care.

It is for this reason that clematis should be planted correctly, since they are able to live for more than one year in one place.

Planting clematis in spring

The most favorable seasons for planting clematis are autumn and spring. Seedlings can go much worse during the engraftment period in the first year if the planting of the flower is delayed.

This happens due to a failure in the life cycle of the plant, since clematis has an early vegetation. This means that you need to plant on time in the spring.

If planted in autumn period clematis, then you can be sure that it will take root quite well. You should only know that by the onset of winter cold, the flower must be given a good root. Thus, the topic of timing becomes relevant again.

As soon as the buds begin to swell or have not even begun to grow, from about April or early May, you can safely plant clematis.

For proper disembarkation plants should be made wide and deep enough pits for planting - 60cm each.

After in landing pit add a fertile top layer and fertilizers such as: 2-3 handfuls of ash, 50g of superphosphate, humus from 5 to 8 kg. In acidic soil, add 50g of slaked lime.

On the soil, which is scattered in advance in the form of a mound, it is necessary to spread the clematis roots evenly.

As one option, the mound can be made of sand, and at the end of planting, the root neck is also covered with sand. Thanks to such manipulations, rotting of the plant will be prevented.

If the vine is old, the root neck is deepened by 10-12 cm, if it is young, then the root neck should be deepened by about 5-11 cm.

Thus, new shoots will not only form, but will also serve as a protection against overheating in summer, and from freezing in winter.

When planting clematis, it is necessary to adhere to a distance between seedlings of 1-1.5 m. Immediately after the planting process, the plants should be watered abundantly with water, and then mulched.

Highlights of planting clematis

1. Plant transplant tolerance is excellent, which allows you to plant them on a simple bed to grow and strengthen, and after a year or two, plant them in permanent places.

2. Clematis seedlings are disinfected before planting in a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

3. After planting, it is imperative to put a support and tie clematis (it can be temporary).

The support should be no more than 2 cm in diameter. In general, in the process of growth, the vine needs a two- or even three-fold garter of shoots that have grown.

This is necessary so that the plant does not suffer from diseases and to reduce the risk of mechanical damage.

4. Observed active growth only one stem in large-leaved clematis species in the first year of planting. And in the year when the plant is planted, the top should be pinched, so they will begin to grow lateral processes. The pinching procedure itself can be done again.

5. Clematis is very fond of light, but not overheating of the root system. That is why it is very good to plant flowers such as marigolds, peonies, phlox and others near it.

6. Since the liana plant is at risk of overheating and drying out of the soil, then in the spring, after loosening and the first watering, it is necessary to mulch with humus in the northern places, sawdust in the southern regions or peat. And in order to close the shoots at the bottom and avoid overheating, it will be enough to “knock out” the letnik.

7. If the plant is planned to be planted against the wall, then best side will be the southwest or south side of the building. Distance for good growth plants should be at least 50 cm from the wall. In no case should water from the roof fall on it.

Where you should not plant a liana plant called clematis:

in places where there are drafts;
where is deep penumbra or absolute shadow;
in a lowland, namely in those places where moisture accumulation and its stagnation are likely;
Close to buildings, it is also not advised to plant clematis.

How to care for clematis in spring

If you grow clematis correctly, then you need to remember about frequent and abundant watering for several years after planting.

After three years, it will be enough to water several times a week, 2-3 buckets of water under a bush.

Luxurious and beautiful flowering is the result of proper watering.

To keep the moisture in the right amount, you should mulch and loosen the ground near the clematis. For the mulching procedure, you can use rotted sawdust, peat or humus.

During the first year of growth, the liana plant actively develops roots and, in total, about 3 shoots are added.

Therefore, in order to develop many dozens of clematis shoots and obtain a lush shrub with more than one hundred charming flowers, you need to properly and carefully take care of the plant for about 5-6 years. For this, flowers that grow in a single quantity are best cut off.

Already starting from the 3rd year of growth, clematis is gaining strength, many shoots begin to appear on it. The timing of clematis flowering can be well controlled through procedures such as pinching and pruning.

Then the flowering will be completely different and longer, unlike plants without pinching and pruning.

Top dressing clematis

Clematis are very sensitive to feeding. Therefore, they need fertilizer preferably once a week. For top dressing, a complete mineral fertilizer is used - for 10 liters of water, 30 g of fertilizer, based on a volume of 2 sq.m. soil.

In addition to mineral dressing, 1 cup is also suitable. wood ash per individual plant. Another one of the very good fertilizer mullein (dung) is considered.

When the cold comes it is necessary to cover the root system of the plant, but upon the onset of spring, it is not worth rushing to open clematis.

Such a precaution is connected with the fact that the vine is still afraid of intermittent frosts and the sun, which shines brightly, which can lead to kidney damage.

As soon as the spring frosts depart, you can safely remove the shelter from the plant.

After should be fertilized nitrogen fertilizer. One of good options there will be urea - for 10 liters of water 40 gr. If the soil under clematis is acidic, then the best remedy for irrigation there will be milk of lime in proportion to 1 sq.m of soil - for 10 liters of water 200 g of slaked lime.

The process of undressing the plant is best done in less sunny, better cloudy weather. It is even recommended to give them a little shade so that clematis gets used to sunlight gradually.

The main points of caring for clematis immediately after planting:

it is necessary to immediately shade clematis and make protection from the wind;
water the plant abundantly, but in no case do not flood!
regular weeding and loosening of the soil;
do not feed immediately after disembarkation!