English tenses are a broad topic in English grammar, including a number of subgroups that can take quite a lot of time to study. However, for basic use of the language, it is enough to get by with one – the Simple group. Yes, knowing exclusively this time will not give you complete freedom of expression, but you will be able to explain yourself, talk about events, and ask for something. Therefore, if you are just starting to learn English and its grammar is not yet familiar to you, choosing the Simple group for initial learning will be the most logical, simple and optimal. When making a choice between Past, Present or Future Simple, give preference Present Simple(pronounced [present simple]) or the simple present tense, which is what we're talking about today.

Present Simple Tense or present simple tense in English language(also known as Present Indefinite Tense [indefinite tens] or present indefinite tense) is a tense that expresses regular or constant actions in the present. Such actions are not tied to a specific moment, but occur in the present in a general sense.

The peculiarity of this time is that it does not show the duration of the action or its completion; there are no such temporal nuances. The action simply exists and it is rather taken for granted. Despite the fact that the Present Simple tense is considered one of the easiest, it also has its own characteristics of formation and application. Therefore, let's study in detail how the Present Simple is formed and in what cases it should be used.

Usually I get up at 7 am. (I usually get up at 7 am.)

They live in London. (They live in London.)

She plays tennis every Tuesday. (She plays tennis every Tuesday.)

The formation of the Present Simple consists of using exclusively a semantic verb. No auxiliary verb in the affirmative form is needed for this. The semantic verb practically corresponds to its simple dictionary form. The only difference is that the verb in the infinitive when forming the Present Simple loses the particle to:

Having received a formed verb, however, do not forget that it can vary in numbers. So, to 3rd person verbs singular the ending –s (–es) is added. Education formula with explanations:

Example sentences:

To avoid difficulties with adding endings, consider a number of rules:

• If verbs end with –ch, –tch, –s, –ss, –sh, –x, –z, they are appended with the ending –es:

• The same rule works with verbs ending in –o:

• If a verb ends in –y with a preceding consonant, then –y is replaced by –i, and the ending –es is added to the word. If there is a vowel before –y, this rule does not apply.

The verb to be deserves special attention, which independently changes according to numbers and tenses:

Present Simple: sentence forms

Having understood the rules of formation of the Present Simple or simple present tense, you can immediately move on to forms in order to learn how to use formed verbs in sentences.

Affirmative form of Present Simple

Affirmative English form is constructed while maintaining direct word order. In such sentences, the predicate comes after the subject. Let's look at the diagram:

For use passive voice in a simple indefinite tense, in which the subject does not perform an action, but is affected, the following structure is used:

Negative form of Present Simple

With the negative form things are a little different. First, an auxiliary verb appears before the semantic verb do(does), which takes away the ending from verbs in the 3rd person. Secondly, this auxiliary verb is used in conjunction with the negative particle not:

If the verb to be is used in the present tense, then a negative particle is simply added to it.

Let's consider the forms of a negative sentence according to the following schemes:

Abbreviations are often used in negative sentences:

The verb to be, in turn, can be shortened in both affirmation and negation:

	Full form	Short form
+ statement	I am from England.	I'm from England. She's a model.
— negation	I am not a pupil. She is not my lover. They are not in the list.	I'm not a pupil. She isn't my lover. They aren't in the list.

Am not as amn’t is usually not abbreviated. This denial may occur in Ireland and Scotland.

Question form Present Simple

In interrogative form, construction formulas may differ depending on the type of question:

• In a general question, the auxiliary verb do (does) is also added to the semantic verb, which is placed before the subject.
  Tables with examples:

For a question with the English verb to be, this verb is simply brought forward:

These questions are usually answered briefly:

+	Yes, he does.	Yes.
—	No, he doesn’t.	No.

• In an alternative question, the general form is retained, but a second subject/predicate/other clause member is added to provide an alternative, which is linked to the first by means of the conjunction or (or):

These questions require a more complete answer:

• A special question is built according to the general question formula, but a question word is added before the auxiliary verb:

This construction also requires a complete answer:

• In a dividing question, the affirmative or negative form of the sentence is retained, followed by short questions:

The answers to this question are formed in a short form:

Present Simple: use

Having studied education and structures, let’s move from theory to practice and take a closer look at the cases of using the Present Simple in tables. Present Simple or Indefinite is used very often in speech, sometimes performing the same functions as in Russian. But there are also cases of using the simple indefinite tense in English that are not applicable in Russian. So, Present Indefinite Tense is used in the following cases:

1. When it is necessary to express habitual, regularly repeated actions. Often in this case, satellite words are used, expressed always (always), often (often), usually (usually), sometimes (sometimes), rarely (rarely), never (ever), every day / week / month / year (every day / week / month / year), daily / on a daily basis (daily). Table with examples:

I always wash the dishes.	I always wash the dishes.
She usually does her English homework.	She usually does her English homework.
She sometimes forgets to clean her teeth in the evening.	She sometimes forgets to brush her teeth in the evening.
He rarely visits his grandma.	He rarely visits his grandmother.
Jack never makes fun of me.	Jack never laughs at me.
I learn grammar of Present Simple Tense every week.	I study the present simple tense grammar every week.

1. If you want to express some action, give it a special meaning, you can put it before the semantic verb do (does) in affirmative sentence. In this case, the auxiliary verb has the following translation: “very”, “really”, “in fact”:

1. The Present Simple in English is also used to show that an action is happening in the present, but not necessarily at a specific moment:

1. If we are talking about well-known facts, statements, stereotypes, sentences are also constructed in the Present Simple. Some examples:

1. The simple indefinite tense is also used to list actions:

1. The use of the Present Simple in the same function is also possible in operating manuals, instructions, and recipes. Typically, such sentences replace imperative sentences to list sequential actions.

1. The sequence of actions expressed in the Present Simple can still be found in the speech of sports commentators. Let's look at an example:

1. Present Simple or simple present tense is also used when it comes to timetables or operating hours of trains, planes, (cinema) theaters, shops, activities.

This construction may imply the future tense, although even when translated into Russian the present tense will be used:

1. The future tense of the Present Simple can also be expressed when expressing planned actions with verbs of motion, without obeying standard rule formation of the simple future tense. In order to indicate that an action will happen in the future, time phrases with the word next are often used:

1. The Present Simple can be used as the past tense in newspaper headlines:

Even though the action mentioned has already been done, the present tense is used to avoid too long names.

1. The use of the present simple tense is necessary to replace the Present Continuous if the sentence contains state verbs that are not used in the Continuous:

If the verb is not stative, it cannot be changed to Present Indefinite.

1. Present Simple is also used in the imperative mood:

1. Present Simple is used when using subordinate clauses time and conditions for the future time. Such sentences are used to show that one action will happen after another happens. Such sentences often use the conjunctions until / till (not yet), as soon as (as soon as), when (when), used to introduce a subordinate clause. There may be several translations into Russian, but often both parts are translated into the future tense:

1. The Present Indefinite Tense can also be found in two types of conditional sentences:

• Zero Conditional or conditional sentences zero type are used to express scientific facts, generally accepted statements, laws of nature. Education Formula:

The future tense can be used for translation into Russian.

• First Conditional or conditional sentences of the first type are used to show that an action will occur in the future if some condition is met. To form this type, use the following formula:

These situations are uncertain, since their outcome depends on the fulfillment of a condition.

Please note that when translated into Russian, both parts are used in the future tense.

These were all briefly outlined cases of using one of the simple English tenses - the Present Simple tense. The grammar of this tense is quite simple, so even if initial stage It will be difficult for you to master this tense; in the future it will not cause you any problems with the language. Understand the rules, do the exercises, read the explanation, make up your own examples and communicate with native speakers, because this time at a basic level can be useful for any case.

Conjugation is the modification of verbs by persons and numbers. IN English Present Simple conjugation not many endings. There is only one, and therefore you will master a simple rule easily.

Present Simple tense form

Simple Present Simple in English denotes an ordinary action that occurs regularly in the present. Unlike the Russian language English grammar does not require changing the form of the word and adding various prefixes, suffixes and endings to it. She resorts to the help of various function words: auxiliary and modal verbs, prepositions.

Therefore, when conjugating a verb in the Present Simple, there are not many endings - just one: -s (-es).

Rules for using the ending -s (-es)

Ending -s (-es) appears on verbs in the 3rd person singular. In other words, if the subjects of a sentence are expressed by pronouns he (he), she (she), it (it) or a singular noun, then the predicate verb has an ending -s/-es. In all other persons, the verb is used without any endings and is the same in form as the infinitive, but without the particle to.

Every day she gets a lot of letters from her fans. - Every day She gets a lot of letters from fans.

In this sentence the subjects are expressed by the pronoun she (she) and predicate verb gets used without the infinitive particle to and with the ending -s.

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If a verb has the letter -y at the end and a consonant before it, then when adding the ending of the 3rd person singular the final -y changes to -ie: to fl y– fl ie s (fly). If at the end of the verb there is a vowel before -у, then no changes occur: to lay – lays (to lay).

Ending -es

Ending –es– this is another option for ending -s. It replaces -s if the word ends in -o, -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -tch, -x, -z:

do – does (do), to guess – guesses (guess), to wish – wishes (to wish), to watch – watches (watch), to relax – relaxes (relax) and others.

After letters and letter combinations -ss, -sh, -ch, -tch, -x, the ending –es is pronounced as , since the final letters convey whistling and hissing sounds.

Verb to be

The English language has its own “renegade” among verbs. This is a linking verb to be (to be), which does not describe an action and in a sentence plays the role of a “connector” between the subject and the object. Most often it is not translated into Russian.

When conjugated in the Present Simple, it changes its form. In the singular it changes according to persons as follows:

I am (I am), you are (you are), he is (he is), she is (she is), it is (it is, it is). In plural– we are (we are), you are (you are), they are (they are).

Verb to have

Verb to have (to have) also stands apart from others English words, indicating the action of the object. In a sentence it can act as an auxiliary, modal or semantic verb. In the 3rd person singular in the Simple Present tense it changes its form to has.

She has a wonderful day today. - Today is a wonderful day for her.

What have we learned?

In English, when conjugating verbs in the Present Smple, only one ending appears -s (-es). It is attached to a verb in the 3rd person singular. In all other cases, the form of the verb coincides with the infinitive without the particle to. The exceptions are verbs to be (to be) And to have (to have). When conjugated, the form of the word changes.

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In the article I wrote briefly and simply about the present simple tense: Present Simple:

— rules of use,
- how to say a regular sentence in simple tense,
- how to ask a question in Present Simple,
- sentences with negation - “He doesn’t, doesn’t know, etc.”
— video from a native speaker about Present Simple,
- consolidation exercises,
— and why is it necessary to study the material out loud?

Present Simple - education

To say:

I Working,
You you're working,
They work,
We we work - we use a verb without endings.

I You They We work.

Check out the full example:

I drink coffee in the morning. I drink coffee in the morning.
You drink coffee in the morning. You/You drink/drink coffee in the morning.
They drink coffee in the morning. They drink coffee in the morning.
We drink coffee in the morning. We drink coffee in the morning.

To say:

He works,
She works,
It works - add - s - to the verb at the end

He it works.

He drinks coffee in the morning. He drinks coffee in the morning.
She drinks coffee in the morning. She drinks coffee in the morning.
It drinks coffee in the morning. It drinks coffee in the morning.

Remember:

1. The simple present tense is used in cases that make up your daily life or in English it sounds daily life - daily routine.
2. No word endings /noun adj./, as in Russian or German, does NOT exist in English, only the letter -s- on the verb and that’s it. This greatly facilitates the process of learning English.

Negative sentences in the Present Simple

To say:

I I do not work,
You NOT working
They Does not work,
We We DO NOT work - do not is used after the pronoun. .

I You They We do not work.

Look at the example:

I do not drink coffee in the morning. I don't drink coffee in the morning.
You do not drink coffee in the morning. You/You don't drink/drink coffee in the morning.
They do not drink coffee in the morning. They don't drink coffee in the morning.
We do not drink coffee in the morning. We don't drink coffee in the morning.

To say:

He Does not work,
She Does not work,
It Does NOT work - does not is used after the pronoun.

He it does not work.

He does not drink coffee in the morning. He doesn't drink coffee in the morning.
She does not drink coffee in the morning. She doesn't drink coffee in the morning.
It does not drink coffee in the morning. It doesn't drink coffee in the morning.

Interrogative sentences in Present Simple

To ask:

I Working?
You are you working?
They do they work?
We are we working? — at the very beginning we put Do.

Do I You They We work?

Do I drink coffee in the morning?
Do you drink coffee in the morning?
Do they drink coffee in the morning?
Do we drink coffee in the morning?

To ask:

He works?
She works?
It works? — at the very beginning we put Does.

Does He work?

Does he drink coffee in the morning?
Does she drink coffee in the morning?
Does it drink coffee in the morning?

If question words are used, they come first.

When do I you we they wake up on the morning?
When does he she it wake up on the morning?

When to use the Present Simple

1. If you need to talk about your habits, your Everyday life, customs, in general:

- work, wake up in the morning, have breakfast, brush your teeth,
- live, go to school, study lessons, attend clubs,
— think, watch TV, visit friends, etc.

then we say:

I work, I live, I think, I drink, I watch.

I work, I live, I think, I drink, I watch.

We you they

We work, They live, You think, you drink.

We work, They live, You think, You drink.

If you need to say the same thing, but about someone/something:

He/She lives, works, watches, thinks, has breakfast.
There is a third party It- train, house, tree, dog.

In these cases we add to the verb -s- and then in English we’ll say this:

She works - She works.
He lives - He lives.
He has - He has.
She thinks - She thinks.
The train leaves - The train leaves.

2. If you need to talk about facts:

Gasoline costs 40 rubles per liter - Gasoline costs 40 rubles per liter.

It's snowing in Moscow today - It’s snowing in Moscow today.

Cats love milk.

Putin is the president of our country, etc. — Putin is the president of our country.

3. If you need to say something that has already been planned, happens according to the established schedule:

The working day starts at 9 am - The working day starts at 9 am.

The train leaves at night at 11 o'clock - The train leaves at night at 11 o’clock.

The plane arrives in the evening - The plane arrives in the evening.

Total: if all of the above happens constantly, daily, often, usually, sometimes, rarely, we speak in the Present Simple.

ATTENTION:

If all of the above actions, facts, events occur right now, at the time of conversation, used Present Continuous- about him in the next post.

**In Russian grammar textbooks you will find information that indicator words are usually used in the Present Simple: usually, seldom, often, every day, always +
In fact, in life, these markers are rarely used and you should NOT rely on them.

Below I have posted additional examples to reinforce the material.

Video from a native about simple English time

It’s good to listen to any material from native speakers, whether it’s grammar or topics - it develops an important skill - to be able to understand English speech. They all speak very well, with an acceptable vocabulary, and usually they have English subtitles. They don't pour water like our teachers do. They try to make the videos as informative, short and useful as possible. I strongly advise everyone who is learning English to watch and listen to educational videos only from native speakers.

Sentences in Present Simple

Affirmative sentences in Present Simple

I have a car. I have a car.
I already know the answer. I already know the answer.
I love this highway. I love this road.
She wants to talk to you about it right now. She wants to talk to you about it right now.

He cares about me. He cares about me.
We do prints, posters, and art books. We make prints, posters and art books.
Everybody lies. Everyone lies.
They live a simple, happy life. They live a simple happy life.
They have rights. They have rights.
He respects her. He respects her.

Imperative sentences

Deep breath. Breathe deeply.
Hold her hand. Hold her hand.
Forget it. Forget.
Come back. Come back.
Do it. Do it.

Consolidation exercises

Practice 20 times out loud /this is important!/ next questions:

Do I work?
Do you work?
Does he / she / it work?
Do we work?
Do they work?

Say out loud in English:

I work for Apple.
I live in Moscow.
My wife loves ice cream.
My son goes to school.

I do not smoke.
I don't drink coffee in the morning.
They don't know this.
We don't quarrel.

Does she live in New York?
Does he drive a BMW?
Do you want to learn English?

Why is working out loud necessary?

First, speak out loud phrases from life, not from a textbook.
What you use every day: you drive a car, you get up in the morning, you go on vacation - it is phrases from your everyday life that will give you the skill in the future not only to speak living English, and not book English, but also to understand native speakers.

Speaking new material gives your tongue and brain the opportunity to remember what you have learned and automatically “give out” it when needed in the future.

My personal example

On at this stage I read, watch and listen various kinds books and videos.
Previously, I tried to write down all the words and phrases I didn’t know in a dictionary.
As a result, the notebook increased in size, but the new words remained passive.
It would seem that I write, thereby training visual memory, but this skill does not have any special results for speaking English, because writing only helps in remembering the correct spelling of words and recognizing them in books.

But after I started read aloud, repeating new phrases after the natives, WITHOUT writing anything down in a notebook, I noticed that subsequently, the words themselves seem to “crawl out” and it’s easy for you to translate something from the text, immediately remember this or that idiom and fit it into the context . Those. our memory is somehow so cunningly designed, it gives us, on occasion, everything that we have said before. At least that's how it is for me.

Therefore, always, after acquiring new knowledge, speak the material out loud not once or 10 times, but 20 or more times. The results will surprise you.

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Verb to have (have, possess) in English

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Verb to have is one of the main verbs of the English language, which can be both semantic and auxiliary. As a semantic verb have conveys its lexical meaning “to have, to possess, to own.” As an auxiliary, it is part of various temporary forms, but loses its meaning.

In the sentence below have is a semantic verb, that is, it conveys its meaning “to have”:

I have two children. — I have two children (I have two children).

In the next sentence have is an auxiliary verb, since it is part of the present perfect tense (Present Perfect) and does not convey its lexical meaning:

I have read the book. - I read the book.

Let's consider to have as a semantic verb meaning “to have, possess, own.”

Forms of the verb to have in the present simple tense (in Present Simple)

In the present simple tense to have has 2 forms: have / has

have- used with all faces except 3 liters. units h.
has— used only with persons 3 years old. units h. (he, she, it)

Affirmative forms

I have- I have
We have- we have
You have- you have (you have)
They have- they have
He has- he has
She has- she has
It has- it has

He has a big house in London. - He's in London big house(He has a big house in London).
They have a nice flat. - They have good flat(They have a nice apartment).

When we talk about having something other than have / has design can be used have got / has got, which is most often used in colloquial speech and means the same as have / has. Got in this case it doesn’t matter, it’s just adjacent to have / has. Please note that the design have got / has got is used only in the present tense.

I have got- I have
We have got- we have
You have got- you have (you have)
They have got- they have
He has got- he has
She has got- she has
It has got- it has

I have got a new car. — I have a new car (I have a new car).
He has got two children. — He has two children (He has two children).

Negative and interrogative forms

Negative and interrogative sentences are formed using auxiliary verb do / does(for 3 l. units - he, she, it). To form a negation, you need to put a particle not after an auxiliary verb do / does. Short forms are often used in negation:

don't have = don't have
does not have = doesn't have

To generate questions do / does placed at the beginning of the sentence, that is, placed before the subject. Please note that in negatives, as well as in questions, it is not used has, since 3 l. units transmitted using does.

I don't have/ Do I have? - Yes, I do / No, I don’t.
We don't have/ Do we have? - Yes, we do / No, we don’t.
You don't have/ Do you have? - Yes, you do / No, you don’t.
They don't have/ Do they have? - Yes, they do / No, they don’t.
He doesn't have/ Does he have? - Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t.
She doesn't have/ Does she have? - Yes, she does / No, she doesn’t.
It doesn't have/ Does it have? - Yes, it does / No, it doesn’t.

Interrogative and negative sentences with have got

If revolution is used have got / has got, then auxiliary verbs are not required for questions and negatives. Negation is formed according to the following formula, but most often it is used in a short form:

have + not + got = haven't got(short form)
has + not + got = hasn't got(short form)

To generate questions have or has are brought forward, that is, placed in front of the subject.

I haven't got / Have I got? - Yes, I have / No, I haven’t.
We haven't got / Have we got? - Yes, we have / No, we haven’t.
You haven't got / Have you got? - Yes, you have / No, you haven’t.
They haven't got / Have they got? - Yes, they have / No, they haven’t.
He hasn't got / Has he got? - Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t.
She hasn't got / Has she got? - Yes, she has / No, she hasn’t.
It hasn't got / Has it got? - Yes, it has / No, it hasn’t.

I don't have a car. =I haven't got a car. — I don’t have a car (I don’t have a car).
She doesn't have a car. = She hasn't got a car. — She doesn’t have a car (She doesn’t have a car).
Do you have a car? = Have you got a car? - Do you have a car? (Do you have a car?)
Does she have a car? = Has she got a car? — Does she have a car? (Does she have a car?)

It should also be noted that the use of auxiliary verbs do/ does typical for American English. In British they use turnover more often have got / has got, but you can also hear: Have you a car? I haven't a car. This is also true, but it is used extremely rarely and sounds somewhat old-fashioned.

In past and future tenses to have used as a regular semantic verb. We remind you that the turnover have got / has got(have, possess, own) is used only in the present tense.

Present Simple is one of the most common in a sentence and denotes an action that occurs regularly, constantly, as can be seen in the following example:

The example above describes an action that Jane performs regularly (for example, from Monday to Friday). However, this does not at all mean that Jane is performing the same action right now: perhaps it is now her day off and she is resting or doing something unrelated to her profession.

Formation of the affirmative form Present Simple

Affirmative, that is, non-interrogative and not containing negation not by using the original form of the verb without in the sentence, for example:

However, if the subject of a sentence is expressed in the form 3rd person singular(what do the pronouns correspond to? he - he,she - she,it - it), then the verb gets the ending –(e)s:

to travel	He usually travel s two times a year.	He usually goes on a trip twice a year.
to earn	Tom earn s a lot of money.	Tom earns a lot of money.
to smoke	Jim smoke s 10 cigarettes a day.	Jim smokes 10 cigarettes a day.

Features of the formation of the 3rd person singular form of some verbs

1. If the verb ends in –s, -z, -sh, -ch, -x or – o, then the ending is added when forming this form – es:

to pass	passes	Jim always passes the ball to me.	Jim always passes the ball to me.
to buzz	buzzes	This bee buzzes very loudly.	This bee buzzes very loudly.
to wash	washes	Mary washes the dishes in a restaurant.	Mary washes dishes in a restaurant.
to teach	teaches	Tom teaches history at school.	Tom teaches history at school.
to fix	fixes	Alex fixes cars at Phil's Garage.	Alex repairs cars at Phil's Garage.
to go	goes	Jessica goes to a disco every Saturday.	Jessica goes to the disco every Saturday.

It is worth paying attention to the fact that the letter -e- at the end in this case it is read as [I] (except for verbs in -O), whereas when adding – s to a verb with “dumb” (unreadable) -e at the end, -e remains unpronounceable. Compare:

to watch – watches

to make – makes

1. If the verb ends in – y, then you should pay attention to which letter is before – y: vowel means that – at is preserved when adding an ending, a consonant means - y will turn into – ie:

Formation of the negative form in the Present Simple

If you need to use a verb with a particle not, that is, to make a negative sentence, you will need an auxiliary for most cases and its form does for the 3rd person singular. A particle is added directly to the auxiliary verb not, which in practice quite often gives the following abbreviations:

don't= don't

does not = doesn’t

An auxiliary verb in one of the above negative forms is placed immediately before the semantic verb, which must be in the original form, that is, the ending –(e)s the 3rd person singular is not added. This is due to the fact that the ending –(e)s in this case it is already present in the auxiliary verb in the form do es n't. For example:

We don't like coffee.	We don't like coffee.
He doesn't play basketball at school.	He doesn't play basketball at school.
They breakfast in the morning.	They don't have breakfast in the morning.
Sarah doesn't walk her dog in the afternoon.	Sarah doesn't walk her dog in the afternoon.

Formation of interrogative forms in Present Simple

The form on which the compilation of any (and there are 5 in total) is based is the form general issue, that is, a question requiring a “Yes” or “No” answer. It is formed by placing the same auxiliary verb first in the sentence Do or its forms Does for the 3rd person singular, followed by the subject and semantic verb in the original form, respectively:

Do/Does +S+ V 1...?

Where S– subject, and V 1– semantic verb in its original form.

The answer to such questions is often the words Yes and No. However, answering with just one of these words will not be sufficient in English. Traditionally, a short answer to a general question is constructed according to the following schemes:

a) for an affirmative answer: Yes, SP+ do/does., Where SP – subject in the form of a personal pronoun, for example:

– Do you travel a lot? – Yes, I do.	- Do you travel a lot? - Yes.
– Does Mary work in a hotel? – Yes, she does.	– Does Mary work at a hotel? - Yes.

b) for a negative answer: No, SP+ don't/doesn't., For example:

Special question or a question with a question word requests specific information and is built according to the scheme:

Wh + do/does + S + V 1 ...?

Where Wh – question word, S– subject, and V 1– semantic verb in its original form, for example:

However, it should be noted that this pattern is not suitable for questions beginning with Who to mean “Who?” and (less commonly) What meaning “What?” (in the nominative case), since such questions do not belong to the special group. This questions to the subject, which require education according to the following scheme:

Who/What + V(e)s…?

The verb in such questions most often takes the 3rd person singular form ( V(e)s), For example:

Alternative question suggesting a certain choice from two or more objects or actions, is constructed exactly by analogy with the general question, but requires the presence of a conjunction in the sentence or/or, For example:

Separated question, or the so-called “tag question,” is a small addition to the affirmative or negative proposal and questions what is said in it. Such a question is always translated into Russian in the same way – “isn’t it? / isn’t it?”, but it is formed differently depending on the structure of the original sentence, for example:

The dividing question is constructed according to the following schemes:

a) for an affirmative base sentence: don't/doesn't +SP?

b) for a negative base sentence: do/does +SP?

The given rules for the formation of affirmative (Affirmative), interrogative (Interrogative) and negative (Negative) forms allow you to understand how the Present Simple is formed, and you can easily remember them using the following table (using the example of a verb):

Table of formation of affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences in Present Simple Tense

Special cases of formation of Present Simple forms

Individual verbs, including mainly auxiliary and modal verbs, form the corresponding forms of the present simple tense not according to the rules given above:

1. Verb toI usually get up at 7 o'clock. action that happens constantly We live in a small village near Dublin. We live in a small village near Dublin. well-known facts Water freezes at 0º C. Water freezes at0 º C. actions that will happen in the future according to a plan or schedule Our train arrives at 8:30 p.m. Our train will arrive at 8:30 pm. sequencing, acting as a kind of forward planning I graduate from the university, take a year off, travel a lot, find an interesting job and only then think of getting married. I graduate from university, take a year off, travel a lot, find an interesting job, and only then think about marriage. actions that happened in the past, in headlines to emotionally "close" the event Terrorists organize riots in Paris. Terrorists organized riots in Paris.

   Thus, the present simple tense is widely used in speech and is one of the basic elements on which subsequent learning of the English language is built.