How a cistern valve works. Toilet flush device: installation and repair, video instruction. Types of valves and their features

valve for drain tank– types and methods of repair

Now it is difficult to imagine how people could live in a house without a toilet. But the bathroom today should be with the most modern equipment otherwise you will not get ease of use and comfort. In any bathroom, the toilet is given a central place. The drain mechanism at the same time different models slightly different, so special attention should be paid to the trigger - the drain tank valve, which we will consider in more detail today.

Valve installation process

If the discharge port collar or seat is corroded or covered with sand, it should be peeled and stuck on the sand until it is smooth and forms a uniform cork bearing. Straighten or replace the bent lift wires so that the ball drops straight into the hollow seat.

A leaky, submerged float ball is holding the supply valve open and not shutting off the water completely. If the stem that connects the reservoir float to the supply valve is bent, it can prevent the float from reaching its full height, thereby leaving the valve open and leaking. This rod must be straightened out and a small amount of oil is applied to the lever joints to ensure smooth action.

What happens stop valve toilet cistern

Drainage groups

There are only two types of toilet flush mechanisms that stand out depending on how they are put into operation:

The second name is push-button, in which the drain can be:

Single mode - there is only one key or button that you need to press to throw water from the tank into the toilet.
Dual-mode - the device consists of 2 halves or two buttons. One serves to drain half of the water from the tank, the second opens the mechanism for its complete emptying. The second name is a cistern valve with 2 buttons.

A third type has also been developed - with a stop function. It is equipped with one key, but the water can merge in different ways. For adjustment it is necessary to press the button several times. For example, with the first press you open the water, and with the second you block its descent.

Sometimes the tank does not fill enough or fills up to overflow. These difficulties can be corrected without violating supply valve by bending the rod attached to the tank, float up or down. If the rod is bent up, the water will rise higher in the tank, and if down, the water level will be lowered.

Although there is no great danger of it being delayed, it would be a good idea to check from time to time that it is in working order. If water rises to the top of the bypass pipe, a new shut-off valve must be installed or installed. If in doubt, contact a plumber.

They are also called stock. This is due to the fact that to activate the device, you need to lift the stem up with the handle, after which the drain hole will open. Produced in Lately new models of toilet bowls do not have such a system.

Fittings are used more than any other part of the plumbing system. They get a lot of use but are built to take them under normal conditions. They are easy to clean with soap and warm water. Caution: Chromium metal dissolves easily in hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. Muriatic acid has been considered for many years good cleaner tiles, but only where there is nickel-plated plumbing. Even covering chrome surfaces with cloth will not prevent acid fumes from causing permanent damage.

Polished brass fittings and finishes are popular in popularity. They will keep well if certain precautions are taken. It might scratch protective covering on the brass surface, which will wear or corrode the brass. Also avoid using solvent-based cleaners as they can be harmful to polished brass.

Push-type toilet flush valve design

Float valves

Used to supply and discharge water.

Devices have the following types:

Croydon valve - consists of a shell, a lever axle on a float, a seat and a piston, its price is the lowest. The lever moves perpendicularly, dragging the piston along with it. The system is usually used in old cisterns, which are extremely rare today.
Piston valve- equipped with a lever axle, which is fixed in a forked cotter pin. The movement of the lever in a horizontal direction sets the piston in motion, which periodically touches the seat, which allows you to adjust the flow of water into the tank. At the end it has a seal, which, in contact with the seat, blocks the flow of water. This valve model is widely distributed today.
Diaphragm valve- instead of a gasket, the design uses a membrane made of rubber or silicone, which is displaced during the movement of the piston. Thanks to this, in right time it can block the incoming water flow. This type of device is the newest and most modern, usually used in the latest models of cistern. Below we will consider it design features and mechanism arrangement.

New technologies have led to the development of improved finishes that can withstand more wear and tear, but check the manufacturer's warranty regarding this to determine if you have a "new and improved" lifetime warranty. Most faucets today can be classified as "mirrorless" or "compression type".

The main stages of installation

Oil-free faucets can be either with one handle or with two types of handles. In railless faucets, water flow is controlled by a replaceable cartridge or seal arrangement that allows water to pass when the holes or ports are aligned in the proper configuration. Giving the handle an extra hard twist to stop the flow of water will be ineffective. This type of faucet does not use compressive force to stop the flow of water.

Toilet cistern valve device of modern design

Modern toilet cistern valves

The float diaphragm valve allows you to quickly draw water into the tank.
Noise or soundless filling depends on the quality of the selected armature.
With it, you can turn off the water very quickly, unlike previous models.

Among the shortcomings - the instruction requires for the normal operation of the device only a constant pressure in water supply network. Its parameters should be 0.05-0.1 MPa. Besides, special role the purity of the water also plays, otherwise the valve will quickly fail. Alas, in most cases outside the city these conditions are often not achieved.

A railless faucet does not mean it will never leak, but rather because of the way it is designed, the parts will last much longer as their design minimizes friction and wear. When repairing this type of faucet or requesting service, it is important that you know the brand name or have a sample of the part required, as there are hundreds of cartridges and faucet kits on the market today.

Your licensed plumber will have an extensive range of faucet parts in his service truck, but it's impossible to complete every single part. So it can be very helpful if he knows in advance the brand of the faucet. In a compression type mixer, you will find the usual installation - a faucet sink at the end of the stern. Replacing the washer will usually fix the drain cock.

Repair of the toilet cistern valve begins with its disassembly

The next point that cannot be ignored is the quality of the locking and shaped elements. The material for manufacturing must be of high quality and no defects are allowed in its production, otherwise the period of use of the products will be significantly reduced.

However, when removing the stem, always check the seat inside the faucet body - the brass ring that the washer grinds. The seat can be worn or grooved, making washer replacement ineffective for several days. The washer and seat are the two parts of the compressed type faucet that receive the most wear. It is easy to replace the washer. First, turn off the water supply. The shut-off valve is usually located under the sink in the kitchen or in the bathroom under the toilet. If they are not available, turn off the diverter valve in the basement or the main valve where the water supply enters the house.

The device will have to be changed often, because repair in this case will not help. Making a new membrane with your own hands is unrealistic.

Piston-type toilet cistern valve diagram

How the valve works

The inlet valve of the tank has its own principle of operation, which must be dealt with before carrying out work to repair or replace it.

Put on a smooth jaw wrench with a cloth, then using a soft wrench, unscrew the large packing nut and unscrew the faucet stem. Then, using a screwdriver that fits snugly into the screw slot, remove the screw from the bottom of the stem and pull out the worn washer. If the screw is tight or stubborn, tap its head lightly or apply penetrating oil.

Then clean the seat or washer compartment. When this is done, insert a new washer right size and composition for hot or cold water. Some of the new, soft neoprene washers for hot and cold water and have long life. The washer should fit snugly without being forced into place. After insertion, replace the screw and tighten.

Let's look at the process in more detail below.

The first stage - the valve is open, and water begins to flow into the tank. At the same time, the membrane moves away under the action of the water flow and does not interfere with it. Only the preliminary compartment is filled.
To allow water to enter the tank itself, a special hole is made in the compartment. The process is similar in mechanism to the operation of devices equipped with valves with a stem, only with a diaphragm stretched over a piston.
It has a clearance for the passage of a plastic rod, which also has a clearance of Ø1 mm. Because of this, a small part of the water enters the filling compartment, which is formed by the piston and the membrane.
When the float is lowered, a hole Ø0.5 mm opens in the piston, through which a little water can enter the tank. This allows you to ensure the same pressure in the preliminary, filling compartments and behind the last one. In fact, this is the difference between diaphragm and stem valve design.
The second stage - water enters the tank, raising the float up. At the same time, the level of the rod with a rubber seal begins to increase, which closes the hole. Further movement of the rod presses the piston and the diaphragm more strongly against the seat, due to which the filling compartment is sealed. The water pressure created also helps. The membrane is pressed tightly against the saddles, and water stops flowing into the tank.
The third stage is the descent of water. At this moment, the pressure of the float on the rod stops, which stops closing the hole in the piston, due to which the pressure in the filling compartment begins to decrease. At this point, the water pressure displaces the membrane, and the operation of the tank goes into the first stage.

It's usually just as expensive to upgrade a place as it is to buy new faucet unless it was made with an upgradeable seat. Check with your plumber about a badly worn faucet. Use a cloth over your finger to clean the valve seat inside the faucet. The edge should be smooth and free of deep nicks. If you think it's badly worn, you'll probably need to replace the seat or have the entire faucet replaced by a plumber. Otherwise, it will leak again.

In what cases does the question arise about the replacement of reinforcement ^

Then replace the valve stem and turn it on. Be careful not to tighten the nut more than necessary to stop seepage around the faucet stem. Homeowners should repair a leaking faucet immediately. You pay twice - once for the water running through the meter and then again for the sewer bill, which is based on water usage.

In the photo - opening the shut-off valve and draining the water

Troubleshooting the mechanism

Water is not drawn into the tank or the supply is not blocked:

This is usually due to clogging of one of the holes.
The second option is the failure of the membrane or stem.

Tip: you need to disassemble the device and look at all its elements that need to be cleaned and rinsed.

Modern Diaphragm Valves

Today, kitchen sinks are shipped in different materials. While enameled cast iron remains an attractive and durable product, many people today choose bowls made from of stainless steel and other hard surface materials for their increased durability and stain resistance.

It is important to remember to follow the manufacturer's instructions regarding the material your bowl is made from. With some hard surface materials, scratches can be removed with light sanding as the color runs through the entire thickness of the material. To prolong the life and appearance of enameled cast iron sinks, clean the bowl immediately after use. Constant use of abrasive cleaners can eventually wear down the finish, making it much more porous and susceptible to stains.

Another reason for such malfunctions is low pressure in the plumbing system or its jumps during the day. The device may also not work because of this. (See also the article Pipes for plumbing in an apartment: features.)

If the pressure is too low, no water enters the tank at all. For example, in suspended structure it will not even reach the filling chamber. The float will float, but will not block the flow.

This can also happen with enamelled, cast iron bathtubs over a long period. Do not let fruit or vegetable juices or cleansing acids sit on the surface. The acid-resistant shell will safely withstand lemon, orange and other citrus fruit juices, tomato juice, mayonnaise and other vinegar preparations unless they are allowed to stay for more than a few hours. Regular enamel finishes are not impervious to acids.

Teas and coffee grounds will also stain enamelled surfaces if left too long. Photographic solutions are even more damaging to the enamel, and the amateur photographer is not allowed to use a sink because an instrument once damaged in this way can never be repaired. When cleaning the sink, use hot water and soap. Water and soap are not as strong on enamel finishes as are strong cleaning solutions such as washing with soda or gritty abrasive. If a vacuum cleaner is used, it must indicate that it is non-abrasive.

The design of the shut-off valve of the flush toilet bowl of the exhaust type

Tip: as an option, increase the water inlets by drilling them out by 2-3 mm.

Also note that the smaller these holes are, the greater the pressure in the system should be. Especially such knowledge will be useful when installing a toilet in the country. We recommend that in case of constant jumps in water pressure, purchase fittings with a stem valve. (See also the article Connecting the toilet to the sewer: features.)

The same precautions mentioned above for caring for kitchen sinks, refer to toilet bowls. Clean them often hot water and soap. If a cleaner is required or detergent, use non-abrasive material. Today it is easy to exclude the use glass bottles and cans from the bathroom. This prevents the toilet from being cut out if it falls out. If acids or medication are spilled onto surfaces, clean up spills immediately.

Types of drain system

Modern bathtubs and showers can be made from a variety of materials, from conventional enamel, cast iron and steel, to fiberglass, acrylic and artificial materials such as cultural marble. Many one-piece bathtubs or tubs and shower combinations are made from gel-coated fiberglass or acrylic plastic.

Conclusion

The device was reviewed today drain valve, which is used in the toilet cistern, the reasons why the equipment may fail. With this knowledge, you will be able to deal with these problems on your own. in this article will provide an opportunity to find additional information on the above topic.

Never use abrasives on any of these materials. They may scratch the surface. They will usually clean with hot water and soap. If this is not enough, a cleaning product recommended by the fixture manufacturer or your plumber can be used to handle heavier cleaning tasks.

Mechanism for collecting water in a container

With fiberglass and acrylic, special non-abrasive polishes are used to protect their finish by sealing the pores in the material, making subsequent cleaning easier. When you're decorating a bathroom or renovating something near the tub, place a heavy cloth over every inch of the tub's surface to keep paint, falling tools, etc. out of the way. did not damage or chip the enamel surface. Do not stand in the bathroom with shoes on, as nails and sand in the soles will scratch the enamelled surface.

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Fittings for toilet bowls are an important element! Prices, reinforcement mounting schemes and photos are presented below. In most cases, when a person chooses a new toilet for his home, the focus is on external aspects, aesthetics. But he forgets about more important things. For example, about such a thing as fittings for the toilet, which plays a very significant role in the operation of the entire system. Remember that the drain mechanism should be remembered not only when there is noise or a leak. Timely periodic prevention and adjustment will allow you to forget for a long time what a non-working toilet is. To begin with, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the device and the main components of the toilet bowls. Note that in most cases the choice falls on compact toilets. In them, drain tanks are mounted on the shelf of the bowl. They are inexpensive and fairly easy to maintain.

Fiberglass and acrylic hubs should be cleaned with non-abrasive cleaners recommended by the manufacturers. When attempting to clear the drain from the tub, place a heavy cloth on the bottom of the tub to prevent your shoe soles from scratching the tub's enamelled surface. Hold your hand or rag over the waste and overflow stove, pour the plunger over the drain and dip it vigorously several times. If it doesn't open easily, cables may need to be connected to leak it.

Installation of valves

Heavy steel spring coils should not be used to clean traps in toilets, sinks or bathtubs. Should be used over flexible type wires or springs - one that is easy to work through the bend of the trap. Your plumber can suggest the right unit for your application.

1 Elements of the toilet
2 Install drain equipment
- 2.1 Installation steps
3 Possible problems and how to fix them
- 3.1 Reduce the amount of flushing water
- 3.2 There was a leak in the tank
- 3.3 Drain gets weak
- 3.4 Changing the large gasket
- 3.5 Float not working
- 3.6 Replacement of any element

Toilet elements

Outwardly, they can be different, which makes it seem that there is a difference in the design itself. However, the basic elements are almost always identical.

Drain tank. The water supply can be carried out from below and from the side. This container has two openings, one of which is always closed with a plug. To drain the water, you must press the button on top, although some models have a side drain system. As a rule, the volume of the tank is from 8 to 10 liters.
Bay system. In fact, we are talking about a toilet valve that performs two tasks - it allows water to pass when the tank is empty, or it shuts off water when the tank is full. Pay attention when choosing a toilet Special attention to the shutoff valve. If earlier pistons were most common, now they are practically non-existent. Most of the systems are equipped with a diaphragm valve.
Drain system. She is drain valve. When the button is pressed, the container is emptied by opening the drain hole. When all the water comes out, the drain is blocked.
Bowl. In fact, they differ from each other sewer outlet. It can be oblique or straight.

Installing drain equipment

As you already understood, the fittings for the tank really play very well. important role. must be installed correctly. To do this, you need to go through three stages:

Install a drain tank on the toilet shelf;
Connect cistern installed to the plumbing system;
Adjust valve operation.

Installation steps

First of all, a gasket made of rubber should be fixed on the shelf. Often manufacturers offer self-adhesive rubber bands, so they fit better and more securely. Then the tank should be fixed with special bolts, which have rubber cone-shaped gaskets. Moreover, the sharp ends should be directed into the holes. Due to this shape, the gasket better protects against leaks. In principle, it remains to bring the bolts into the holes and complete the installation of the tank with nuts. It is very important to tighten carefully so as not to overtighten and thereby damage ceramic product. It often happened that during installation a person overdid it, as a result of which the newly purchased toilet went to the trash.
Now you should connect the hose to the system that supplies cold water. Be sure to make sure that the washer-gasket is present in the connection. If it is not, the flow is guaranteed. Turn on the water and check the tightness of the installation. If moisture does not appear on the connection, then you did everything right. The toilet is now ready to be put into operation.

Possible problems and solutions

Unfortunately, even with the choice good toilet with high-quality fittings, certain problems and malfunctions may occur during operation. Consider the main ones, and also find out how you can solve the existing problems.

Need to reduce the amount of flushing water

The reason for this could be anything. As a rule, this is a desire to reduce the cost of paying for water. Everyone knows how rapidly utility bills are growing. Therefore, reducing the capacity of the toilet bowl is a completely natural and fair desire.

What to do? It is necessary to adjust the operation of the fittings in such a way that the tank draws less water. If the lever is made of brass, it must be slightly bent. The position of the floats will tell you exactly how much you can bend the reinforcement. If the system stop valves made of plastic, which happens most often in modern toilets, then you will have to adjust the mounting screws or the ratchet that is responsible for fixing. In any case, this is not difficult to do. Just be careful not to break anything.

There was a leak in the tank

If you constantly hear the water inside the tank gurgling, or the liquid steps over the overflow, then you can follow the same steps as in the case of reducing the water flow. However, the reason may be that the pear has worn out. In this case, things are somewhat worse, since water will flow constantly, even if the tank is half full.

What to do? To solve this problem, more weight should be given to the pear. To do this, you can tie a few nuts to it, a cast iron coupling, or just a piece of lead. It is also quite acceptable and recommended to replace the old pear with a new one.

Drain is getting weak

With poor flushing of the toilet, the level of water in it hardly plays an important role. Even when it is completely filled, the water comes out in a weak stream, as a result of which it is not possible to drain properly the first time. Most likely, there was a clogging of the drain or release of the tank. It could be a rubber hose that has come off. This hose provides noiselessness when water enters. It is he who often gets stuck, because of which the flush becomes weaker. In addition, when small children live in the house, it is not uncommon to find all kinds of things inside the tank.

What to do? It will be very good if the stuck object is directly under the pear. Then you can stick your hand in and get it. However, if you fail deeper into the system, you have to completely remove the tank. There is nothing complicated about this, fortunately.

Changing the big pad

If a leak begins to form under the cistern, then the gasket between the toilet and the cistern has worn out.

What to do? You will have to remove the tank again and remove the old gasket. In its place, after a small stripping, a new gasket is installed. If rust has formed at the site of the leak, be sure to remove it. This is done using an ordinary metal brush.

float not working

As a rule, when the float fails, it is recommended to change this entire armature assembly. The toilet cistern has such a feature that the float and the lever are connected very tightly to each other. At the same time, the length of the shoulder for different models of toilet bowls differs from each other.

Replacing any element

Of course, if something breaks down, that is, any fittings in the tank, whether it is a drain or filler, the components must be bought in plumbing stores. Going there, be sure to take the old part with you in order to accurately and without errors select a replacement for it. Modern plumbing and different manufacturers present their own requirements in this regard. Therefore, it is far from a fact that immediately a lever from a toilet bowl of one brand will fit a toilet bowl made by another company.

The toilet cistern is a rather delicate element of the system. Nevertheless, its competent installation, the use of high-quality fittings and periodic preventive maintenance can extend its service life for many years. Just be careful and try to eliminate potential problems before they fully manifest. That is, they found a small leak - immediately replace the gasket, and do not wait until the water flows out from under it.