Cast iron stoves for home and garden. Cast iron stove for heating a house: types, principle of operation, advantages and disadvantages. Furnace lining is the key to their increased durability

Exploitation

Cast iron stoves and fireplaces are easy to use and durable. Cast iron is not subject to corrosion and does not burn out even with long-term regular fires. Paint on the surface of the stove if necessary by purchasing spray paint on an organosilicon basis.

To extend its service life, it is necessary to regularly clean the stove and chimney from soot, and the chamber from ash. Cleaning is usually done in the spring, before starting summer season. it can be done mechanically - with a brush, or chemically - using special bags that destroy the structure of the soot when firing the stove.

When using a hob, remember that cast iron is a fragile metal, it is susceptible to temperature changes and can crack if cooled suddenly. Do not allow cold water to spill onto the surface of the stove!

Glass doors of stoves and fireplaces are usually equipped with a self-cleaning function. If it is necessary to wash the glass from soot, you need to use special soft products that do not contain abrasive inclusions.

With careful use, cast iron fireplaces and stoves can last for decades, heating country house and giving its inhabitants the warmth and comfort of a living flame.

Modern cast iron stoves in the Unons online store Stoves are presented in different modifications, suitable for heating rooms of different sizes. Such equipment will be an excellent source of heat for a summer house or country house.

Advantages of cast iron stoves

Thanks to the manufacturing material, high heat capacity is guaranteed, so the heat will be retained for a long time. It is recommended to buy cast iron stoves in Moscow because they have the following advantages:

Operational safety;

Economical fuel consumption;

Autonomous operation for several hours;

Fast ignition;

High efficiency.

Thus, there are many reasons to buy a cast iron stove for a country or private home.

Buying a cast iron stove

The catalog of the Unons Stoves store presents long-burning models from European and Russian manufacturers. Today, such cast iron stoves in Moscow have an attractive appearance. We are always ready to provide the most complete information on any model and help in choosing the equipment that is right for your home. We will deliver your order quickly both in Moscow and throughout Russia. From us you can either buy inexpensive cast iron stoves or order professional installation.

Many city residents spend on their suburban areas not only summer, but also most spring and autumn, when the nights are still or already cold. This raises a problem efficient heating country house. Many gardening associations do not have gas supply, and heating the building with electricity is a challenge. quite expensive“pleasure”, which is why summer residents often opt for solid fuel stoves.

However, it is not possible to build a full-fledged brick oven in every country house simply due to insufficient free space in the premises. An important reason for the reluctance to build brick kilns is also the troublesomeness of their maintenance, as well as the lack of funds, since building such a structure is not so cheap. Therefore, cast iron often becomes the best option, especially since today there are convenient and compact heating units on sale that have excellent characteristics and design solutions.

It is also important that despite relatively small size cast iron stoves, some of them have specifications, designed to heat fairly large areas. Therefore, the heating problem can be solved for both a small and a fairly large country house.

It would be useful to compare cast iron stoves with steel heating devices and with combined options. All of them are no less in demand, and such a comparison will help to better determine the choice of the optimal model.

Advantages and disadvantages of metal wood-burning stoves - in comparison

As you know, you can find on sale not only cast iron, but also steel, as well as combination ovens, that is, made of steel, but with individual structural parts made of cast iron. Therefore, a few words need to be said about steel heating devices in order to know their advantages and disadvantages and understand how they differ from each other.

Stainless steel ovens

The features of stainless steel stoves include the following:

• Stainless steel units, unlike cast iron, heat up much faster, which allows us to hope for a shorter delivery time comfortable temperature in the premises of the house. However, the heat capacity of such devices is small, they retain heat poorly, and after the fuel fill burns out, the heating effect is quickly lost. Therefore, manufacturers often provide external finishing ceramic material. In addition, double walls with an air or other thermal insulation layer are used. If it does not have such a finish, then the owners often cover it with brick themselves.
• Long-burning steel stoves are quite economical, as they consume a small amount of fuel.
• Stainless steel products are more resistant to corrosion processes, since, unlike black steel, it does not react with oxygen when heated, which makes its service life longer. However, the welds of such steel furnaces are still susceptible to oxidation, since alloying additives evaporate during welding.
• The disadvantage of units made of this material is their instability to very high temperatures. In case of severe overheating by open fire, deformation of the walls of the combustion chamber cannot be ruled out. To avoid such a reaction of the material, the firebox must have a lining, that is, the firebox is lined with heat-resistant fireclay plates or bricks.

Furnace lining is the key to their increased durability

The most vulnerable place of any furnace is the fuel chamber, in which the walls are exposed to direct exposure to an open flame and the maximum high temperatures. In order to reduce these negative influences to a minimum and achieve long-term operation of the device, it is carried out, which is described in detail in a separate publication on our portal.

• Compared to cast iron, steel stoves have less complex design. They are not so massive, which greatly facilitates the processes of transporting and installing the heating device.
• Steel is easy to process, so many summer residents make their own stoves. Fortunately, there are quite enough drawings for their manufacture on the Internet.
• The service life of a well-made stainless steel stove is estimated at approximately 20 years.

Furnaces made of heat-resistant black steel

Black heat-resistant steel is a more ductile and durable material than cast iron. However, heating devices made from it still have numerous disadvantages.

The characteristic features of such stoves made of this material include:

• Products made of black steel have lower heat transfer. They take a long time to heat up and do not retain heat well, so they cool down quickly. In this regard, you will have to fire the stove more often to maintain the desired temperature in the room.
• Experts talk about the fragility of products made from this material, determining their service life at 5 ÷ 7 years. The fact is that in the structure of low-carbon steel, when heated, the process of its oxidation is activated, which leads to fairly rapid burning of surfaces. You can extend the service life of the unit by lining the firebox with fireclay bricks or plates.
• This material is also distinguished by the instability of welds to high temperatures and corrosion. With frequent high-amplitude Under thermal influence (and in a furnace without this, there is no way) these processes often lead to the appearance of cracks or ruptures.
• The surfaces of these furnaces require additional treatment with compounds that protect them from overheating.
• The only significant advantage is that the price for stoves made of black steel is much lower than for products made of stainless steel or cast iron. In addition, the availability of the material and the ease of its processing prompt home craftsmen in most cases to make homemade stoves made of black steel.

Prices for cast iron stoves

cast iron stove

Cast iron stoves

Due to Since this article is devoted specifically to cast iron stoves, we should talk about them in more detail. Cast iron stove models are considered the most best choice, therefore they are especially in demand among consumers. However, this material also has its positive and negative features, which you should know about in advance.

The advantages of these heating devices include their following characteristics:

• Cast iron is attractive mainly because it has a clearly high heat capacity. The material, however, does not heat up so quickly, but the walls of the furnace remain heated and actively participate in the process of heating the room for much longer.
• If the power of a cast iron stove for a specific area of ​​the house is selected correctly, the heating device is able to fully and fairly quickly heat the air in the room.
• A cast iron heating device is economical in fuel consumption, since one fill is enough for the stove to give off heat for 6–12 hours. In this case, you do not have to wait for the firewood to burn out before closing the chimney to preserve heat, as is usually done in brick stoves. Long-burning units are able to retain heat in the house, without the risk of reverse draft, that is, smoke in the rooms.
• The efficiency of such a unit is 80÷82% - this is much more than that of brick or steel stoves.
• Products made from this material are highly resistant to elevated temperatures, as they have a low coefficient of thermal expansion. Thanks to this quality, the material is practically not deformed.
• Cast iron does not oxidize due to high temperatures, so the walls of the fuel chamber do not burn out.
• Parts for cast iron heating devices are made by casting, so they do not have welds, which are always the weak points of any other metal stoves.
• Cast iron is resistant to corrosion, and therefore does not require special protective coatings. Such products are painted with heat-resistant paint or varnish mainly to give them a more aesthetic appearance.
• Modern cast iron stoves have an elegant design, which allows them to be used in interiors decorated in different styles. Manufacturers install beautiful doors on their products, decorated with figured casting and heat-resistant glass, which allows the unit to be used as an original fireplace.
• The service life of such furnaces, made of gray cast iron and having a wall thickness of 10 mm, is at least 30–35 years, and in practice it can be even more impressive.
• The relatively compact dimensions of cast iron stoves allow them to be installed even in small spaces.

The disadvantages of cast iron heating devices include the following features:

• The most important disadvantage of any cast iron products is the lack of ductility and pronounced fragility, since the material has a high carbon content. Therefore, cast iron cannot withstand sudden temperature changes. From them, as well as from sharp accentuated impacts, for example, during careless transportation of the stove, it can crack. And at the same time, it will be impossible to restore a cast iron part, for example, by welding.
• The cast iron stove has a pronounced massiveness. The weight of even small devices can be 180÷200 kg, which complicates their transportation and installation. To install such a unit, it is often necessary to equip a reliable solid foundation, sometimes even resorting to filling a small one.
• If the stove will be used not only in the relatively warm months of the year, but also in winter, the chimney pipe will have to be insulated. This must be done to avoid sudden temperature changes for heated gases, as a result of which condensation will form on the pipe walls, reducing draft in the firebox. This can lead to backdraft and smoke.
• Characterized by a very high price for cast iron heating devices, which does not allow everyone to purchase them for installation in a country house.

All the shortcomings of these furnaces are compensated long term operation, high efficiency, high-quality and long-term heating of rooms and savings on fuel.

Combined stove options

As can be seen from the descriptions presented above, each option has not only its “pros”, but also “cons”. That is why manufacturers have assembled in some models positive traits different materials.

Yes, most widespread"tandem" is stainless steel and cast iron. The stove body is made of stainless steel, and the firebox for it is made of cast iron. If the oven model includes hob, then it is also most often cast iron. Thus, brittle cast iron is protected by the steel walls of the body, and itself prevents overheating and deformation of the steel from direct exposure to flame.

It should be noted that the combined versions of the stoves combine all best qualities two materials, since they are in their places in the structure, where the risk of damage is minimal. In addition, such units have a lower cost compared to cast iron stoves, lighter weight, but approximately the same efficiency.

Cast iron stove design

General concepts about the design of metal furnaces

In the first part of the article, options for different stoves were given - to compare them characteristic features. Below we will only talk about cast iron appliances. Modern stoves made of cast iron, manufactured in a factory, most often work on the principle of long combustion, since it is this that is the best option for efficiency and fuel economy.

Cast iron heating stoves can be made in the form of a fireplace, and some models are equipped with a water circuit, and are perfect for a fairly large country house. For small houses, a regular stove is suitable, since direct thermal radiation emanating from its walls will be quite sufficient to heat it, combustion door and slabs, if provided for in the design.

Wood used as fuel must have a moisture content not exceeding 20%. It is desirable that the logs have the same length, then their combustion and smoldering will occur evenly, giving excellent heat transfer. Damp wood will reduce the efficiency of the stove and will also contribute to an increase in soot deposits in the chimney.

Firewood prices

In addition to firewood in logs, cast iron stoves can be used to fire fuel briquettes, and coal. If you plan to heat the stove with coal, then it is worth purchasing the brown variety, since it is less energy-intensive and will not overheat the walls of the stove. This is especially important for ovens combined type, that is, from a combination of steel and cast iron parts.

What should you consider when choosing and installing a cast iron stove?

Before moving on to the consideration of various models of cast iron stoves, a few words should be said about their installation and preparation for it.

Installing the stove in the place chosen for it is not difficult at all. The only difficulty can be the heavy weight of the device. In addition, before installing a cast iron unit, it is necessary to prepare a site for it, equipped in accordance with fire safety rules. So, preparation for the purchase and installation of the unit consists of the following stages of work:

• The first step, based on the size of the room, is to determine what thermal power the stove should have. Usually comes from widespread standard 1 kW per 10 m². However, if the country house will be used in winter, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors that will influence the choice of device power. These include the quality of insulation of walls, floors and ceilings of the house, the number and material of windows, winter temperatures in the region and other nuances.

Perhaps the calculator below will help many with such calculations.

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