Aluminum radiators: dimensions. How to choose the size of a heating battery How to choose the size of a heating radiator

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Dimensions of heating radiators

The standard height of the most popular models of heating devices with a center distance along the eyeliners is 500 millimeters. It was these batteries that in most cases could be seen about two decades ago in city apartments.

Cast iron radiators. A typical representative of these devices is the MS-140-500-0.9 model.

The specification for it says: dimensions cast iron radiators:

• length of one section - 93 mm;
• depth - 140 millimeters;
• height - 588 millimeters.

It is not difficult to calculate the dimensions of a radiator from several sections. When the battery consists of 7-10 sections, add 1 centimeter, taking into account the thickness of the paronite gaskets. If the heating battery is to be installed in a niche, it is necessary to take into account the length of the flushing valve, since cast-iron radiators with side supply always require flushing. One section provides a heat flow of 160 watts at a temperature difference between the hot coolant and the air in the room equal to 70 degrees. The maximum working pressure is 9 atmospheres.

Aluminum radiators. For aluminum heaters on the market today, with the same center distance of the liner, there is a significant variation in the parameters (for more details: “Dimensions aluminum radiators heating, section volume, preliminary calculations ").

Typical are the following dimensions of aluminum heating radiators:

• the length of one section is 80 millimeters;
• depth 80-100 millimeters;
• height - 575-585 millimeters.

The heat transfer of one section directly depends on the area of ​​its fins and depth. Usually it is in the range from 180 to 200 watts. The working pressure for most models of aluminum batteries is 16 atmospheres. Heating devices are tested with a pressure one and a half times greater - this is 24 kgf / cm².

Aluminum radiators have the following feature: the volume of coolant in them is 3, and sometimes 5 times less than in cast iron products. As a result high speed the movement of hot water prevents silting and the formation of deposits. Bimetal radiators. The steel core in such devices in no way affects their appearance and dimensions of heating radiators, but the maximum working pressure increases significantly. Unfortunately, the increase in the strength of the bimetallic battery leads to a high cost. And the price of such a product is already inaccessible to a wide range of consumers.

Bimetallic heating radiators section dimensions are as follows:

• length 80-82 mm;
• depth - from 75 to 100 millimeters;
• height - a minimum of 550 and a maximum of 580 millimeters.

One for heat dissipation bimetallic section inferior to aluminum about 10-20 watts. The average value of the heat flux is 160-200 watts. Due to the presence of steel, the working pressure reaches 25-35 atmospheres, and during testing - 30-50 atmospheres.

When arranging heating structure pipes should be used that are not inferior in strength to radiators. Otherwise, the use of durable devices loses all meaning. For bimetallic radiators, only steel eyeliner is used.

Overview of the main features of radiators

So that you can see all the information in the most visual form, you are presented with a table - a comparison of heating radiators is presented in it on a scale from one to four pluses, depending on how this or that feature is inherent in a particular option

Based on this data, you can see the strengths and weak sides one option or another, the table shows that ideal option does not exist, each has its own strengths and weaknesses, so the choice is up to you.

Important!
If you chose specific solution, it is important to purchase quality products, so choose products from brands that have been on the market for a long time and have proven themselves among buyers. .

It is important to choose best solution from one or another group of radiators

Dimensions of cast iron radiators

Standard Soviet batteries of this type had a height of 580 mm, a rib width of 94 mm and a thickness of 140 mm. Many owners of houses and apartments still consider such models the most reliable. Therefore, cast-iron radiators are still in demand today. Manufacturers, of course, noticed this and began to supply the market with retro-style cast-iron radiators, which have a very attractive design. If desired, for the home, you can, of course, buy such batteries. Their sizes can be different. There are low, standard and high models of this type on the market. Approximate dimensions of cast iron radiators different types can be seen in the table below.

Dimensions of cast iron batteries

Very often, stylish cast iron retro radiators have small legs. In this case, the height is calculated, of course, taking them into account.

If you are looking for stylish batteries made from cast iron of a domestic manufacturer, then it is better not to find STI new. Their main parameters:

• The cast-iron radiator Nova 500 can withstand pressure up to 18 atmospheres. Crimping pressure of 16 atmospheres allows you to survive water hammer centralized system heating.
• The thermal power of the structure is 150 W, which is quite enough to provide heat to a room of 15 m2.
• Externally, the heating radiator Nova 500 (cast iron) looks as stylish as its aluminum counterparts.

If you believe the reviews of consumers, then this type of heating device is distinguished by quality, reliability and interesting design.

Advantages and disadvantages

All advantages of steel radiator:

1. due to the design characteristics, the service life is practically eternal, having a strong resistance to various injuries, size 2 cm;
2. you can install such heating equipment manually yourself, this type of work does not require unique skills and abilities, you just need to install everything according to an existing template or on the manufacturer's website;
3. possess unique design, and will fit into various design interiors.

Original design with steel batteries

All the disadvantages of steel radiators for the heating system of a house and apartment:

1. the main disadvantage of steel batteries is instability at humid temperatures, because in this case the systems deteriorate and even in some cases cannot be repaired, and corrosion also appears. Also, some of their partial terrain should by no means be kept without water, because they will deteriorate;
2. uniquely strong susceptibility to chemical stops on mounted welds;
3. poor-quality paintwork leads to peeling and the original appearance of the batteries is lost within 3 years.

Knowing about all the shortcomings of this steel equipment, it still becomes worthy for all heating devices. According to consumer reviews, the design has many excellent technical criteria and working moments.

Considering the cost factor, as well as the design and other positive features of the devices, which are also very cheap in cost, such heating may well become the main device for heating your entire room.

Cast iron batteries Konner

Another "favorite" of the public is Konner, which was able to find its place on Russian market. A fairly wide variety of models, their price and reliability have made her famous.

Main product parameters:

• Thermal power ranges from 120W to 180W depending on the size. For example, a 300 mm cast-iron radiator from this company produces 120-130 W of heat.
• Water heating +110 degrees.
• The working pressure is 12 atmospheres, with a test head - 20 atmospheres.

The dimensions and stylish look make it possible to install batteries of this type not only under windows, if the design of the room so requires.

There are dozens of manufacturers of cast iron batteries on the market today. All of them correspond to the parameters of the domestic heating system, have affordable price, reliable in operation and look great in the interior.

Types and types

There are two types of steel radiators, the most common being the panel radiator. less popular tubular radiator. Panel-type radiators are panels that are installed on a floor surface or on a wall. This type steel radiator has a high level of aesthetics, also higher heat supply factors.

The production of panel radiators takes place according to a certain technique: two plates welded together, and a heat flow is produced between them. The thickness reaches 2 cm, spot welding V this production is the main welding and production moment. The advantage of the system is in choosing the right size. Pluses are also in connecting radiators. such a connection is different, the most famous are only three: installation from the side, from below, standard.

Panel steel radiator

What should be the dimensions of the radiators

The choice of dimensions of heating devices is not based on aesthetic considerations. Heat dissipation plays a key role here. This is especially true if a model is selected for installation under a window. It is necessary to choose a model in such a way that it meets several requirements at once:

• along the length, the radiator must cover at least 70-75% of the width of the window opening;
• the distance from the floor should be 80-120 mm;

from the window sill 60-120 mm.

When choosing the dimensions of the radiator, you need to select them depending on how high the window sill is located.

Only under such conditions will the heat transfer of the heater you have chosen be normal: it will produce the number of watts declared by the manufacturer.

Types of radiators

Heating radiators, which you will find in our catalog, are high-quality domestic and foreign appliances. various kinds. Depending on your preferred type of connection, you can choose models with bottom or side connectors for attaching pipes. We offer to purchase heating radiators, the price of which will save the family budget.

Steel radiators

• Panel. They consist of two sheets of steel and are compact. However, this type of product has certain vulnerabilities that you should pay attention to. These radiators are sensitive to water hammer. That is why panel radiators are recommended to be installed in those houses that are equipped with a closed individual heating system.
• Tubular. Such radiators are made without a housing. Their design is pipes in which the coolant circulates. Color and shape can be different, which gives a wide scope for creating design solutions in any room.

Aluminum radiators

These are quite popular systems that compare favorably with their steel counterparts in their cost. At the same time, aluminum is characterized by higher heat transfer rates. Two types of products are made from this metal - extrusion and cast. The sections of the former consist of three elements connected to each other, while the latter are separately manufactured sections, which are considered to be more fragile. You can buy aluminum heating radiators for any type of premises.

Bimetal radiators

They combine the advantages of steel and aluminum products. These batteries are characterized by high resistance to corrosion, excellent heat dissipation, low weight and exceptional structural strength. In addition, bimetallic products cope well with water hammer, withstand pressures up to 40 atm and temperatures of 90 ° C.

Cast iron radiators

Although the current market has a large number of aluminum and steel products, cast iron batteries do not lose their relevance. However, now they have moved into a different price category, becoming an elite product, which is sold to create unique interior in the style of "retro" or "classic".

It is very convenient to buy heating radiators in the Garantkomfort.ru online store - add the product you like to the "Basket" and place an order. The purchase can be delivered in Moscow within one day.

Standard sizes of radiators

IN GOST 26645-85 tolerances are described with nominal intervals.

The radiator has three linear dimensions, responsible for the volume of the section.

Width: thin or thick

This is the distance between the outer walls of the battery. Pretty variable.

The depth is usually 75-140 mm depending on material and manufacturer.

In rare cases, larger items are found.

Length

Visually - length. This is the gap from the left to the right side wall. The indicator is taken equal to 80 mm when creating an order 95% appliances. In other cases, a little more, maximum - 88 mm. Any other radiators are made to order. This does not apply to cast iron devices: they are wider.

Minimum Height

The most variable value, which is the vertical component of the section.

Usually it is 380-420 or 540-580 mm.

Eat special types batteries, the length of which is in the interval two to three meters.

Similar devices are placed in bathrooms.

Important! Axial distance is often mentioned. This is the gap between the connection points of the supply and return pipes.

Standard sizes - 350 and 500 mm. But there are also other options, especially among aluminum products.

Low batteries

Radiators with a small center distance have the following advantages:

• they can be placed under a low window sill;
• they have the maximum heat transfer per unit area.

Cast iron radiatorsThe dimensions of the sections of heating radiators MS-140M-300-0.9 are:

• length 93 mm;
• depth - 140 millimeters;
• height - 388 millimeters.

heat dissipation of cast iron radiators

Aluminum radiators
As for the thermal power, it varies from a minimum of 50 watts per section to a maximum of 160 watts. The determining factor is the finning area of ​​one section. At the same time, a change in dimensions does not significantly affect the working pressure - low aluminum devices are designed for 16 atmospheres, and when tested for 24 atmospheres.

Bimetal radiatorsBimetallic low radiators, such as in the photo, have two nuances:

• among heaters there are batteries not with solid steel cores, but with steel tubes placed between aluminum collectors. Their operating pressure, specified by the manufacturers, is usually 12 or 16 atmospheres;
• they often do not have vertical channels and, in the case of lateral connection, can be heated from collectors due to the thermal conductivity of aluminum. The circulation of the coolant is provided by the last section, since it is flowing.

Manufacturer's choice

The best steel heating radiators can be seen in almost various places of residence, not only in individual real estate, but also in shopping malls because these products can be purchased and installed at the best price with a unique design. If you need to make a choice in favor of any manufacturer of radiators, you should find out what material the device was made of.

A specific scheme for creating equipment prefers a certain production: painting, design, packaging and other material.

The price of steel radiators is formed on the basis of technical characteristics, at the expense of the manufacturer, and they may also differ according to criteria such as brand, size. Domestic systems steel batteries will be cheaper than foreign ones, but the operating parameters are almost the same, so is there any point in overpaying.

To do right choice in the purchase of a heating radiator. you need to see the following points:

• uniformity of heating depends on the depth and height of the heater; equipped with a Mayevsky tap, which serves as an air vent for the heating system. It will also help prevent various dangerous situations, accidents in which this crane will come in handy. Also the need for hook descent of water;
• if the installation is under the windows, then the size is shorter than the window opening within 70%;
• if there is a desire in the practicality of the equipment, you need to purchase a device with a regulator option temperature regime. This criterion is enabled either manually or automatically for the heatsink temperature.

Dimensions of steel radiators

General overview of types of radiators and their dimensions

There are several main groups of heating batteries, which differ in design features:

1. Sectional.
2. Panel from steel and bimetallic.
3. Convector.
4. Author's models, made to order, having unlike shapes, but performing their functions.

In the photo - the original heater

material used and design features heating devices determine:

• resistance to water hammer;
• corrosion;
• clogging and scaling;
• heat transfer intensity and other components of success.

As for the size, the difference in height between the upper and lower collectors (centre distance) affects the possibility of installing a heater. Most often they are installed in niches under windows, if the window opening is large enough, then a high battery simply does not fit.

The diagram shows the center distance

This parameter is especially important for systems with natural circulation. The fact is that the pressure in the system is created due to the difference in height between the water supply to the battery and the boiler, the larger this value, the greater the natural pressure in the pipes.

Note!
For example, it makes sense to choose a center distance of 250 mm for heating radiators only for very low window sills.
In this case, it will be possible to install batteries even under a window sill 50-60 cm high.

An example of a battery in a room with large windows

Panel heaters are an all-welded structure with a heat carrier coil between two ribbed panels with a gap of up to 1 cm between them. Such a surface increases the area of ​​the heated surface and its heat transfer - radiation plus convection. The meager capacity contributes to rapid heat transfer - the efficiency reaches 75%, but they also cool down quickly.

The disadvantage of panel products is:

• in their vulnerability to water hammer, which makes them unsuitable for use in central heating systems;
• corrode from acidic water;
• water cannot be drained for a long time due to the same corrosion, but already in contact with oxygen.

Sectional batteries are good for the possibility of their constructive change - an increase / decrease in the number of sections to change power or repair. The traditional brittle but durable cast iron with high inertia has been replaced by bimetallic devices.

In the photo - a bimetallic heater device

In them, the coolant passes through steel tubes with aluminum fins with high thermal conductivity.

A bimetallic battery is the embodiment of two advantages in one product, namely:

• steel withstands unstable pressure and aggressive environment;
• aluminum reacts with lightning speed to temperature changes.

Note!
Of the shortcomings, one can only note the cost.
The price of a bimetallic radiator can be 2-3 times higher than an analogue made of cast iron or steel.

When choosing bimetallic batteries, you also have to take into account the diameter of the vertical and horizontal channels, and not just the center distance. As for the dimensions, the models with a difference between the nipple holes of 500 mm can be considered the most popular (while the total height of the heater is 570 mm).

The photo shows the horizontal and vertical channels, if the quality of the coolant is poor, they should not be too narrow

But in vacuum batteries, the concept of "center distance" simply does not exist. The fact is that they use only 1 flow pipe through which the coolant circulates, and uniform heating of the surface is achieved due to the evaporation of a low-boiling liquid.

Tubular batteries - registers, are superior to sectional ones in terms of compactness and variety of shapes. The absence of leaks at the joints is ensured by welding of the fragments, they withstand a working pressure of up to 15 atm., But thin walls do not hold water hammer well. It is quite possible to make registers with your own hands by choosing an arbitrary step between the pipes.

Device Popularity

Most people before installation are wondering how to choose the right heating radiators. what is the main task in choosing them? In today's world, there is a wide range of such systems. This is great, because there is variety in the choice, but this variety causes a feeling of uncertainty in the buyer. After all, most of these products are made by many manufacturers, they differ in design, colors and other special categories.

Steel types of radiators are now recognized as the most popular type among heating structures,

Steel heating radiators are a device for insulating and warming apartments and houses, the equipment has a couple of sheets of of stainless steel, welded together, having a water space, or a place for water. Steel batteries should not be placed in places with a humid temperature; this equipment cannot be installed in baths and bathrooms, as it will deteriorate.

Steel radiator device

Types of aluminum-steel radiators

Manufacturers, following the lead of consumers, are trying to reduce the cost of production of bimetallic structures without changing their device as a whole. Now on the market you can find several types of batteries of this type:

• The device of the "classic" radiator is such that the basis on which the coolant flows is a steel collector, "packed" in an aluminum casing. This is done so that steel takes over the entire load in contact with water, and aluminum, which has the highest level of heat transfer, heats up from it and transfers heat to the room. The simplified models that have appeared, no matter what the size of the bimetallic radiator section, are equipped with steel vertical channels, while the horizontal collectors remain aluminum. This really significantly reduced their cost and increased the degree of heat transfer, but also made them vulnerable to the quality of the coolant and the level of pressure in the network.
• The second type is a typical expensive "classic" that can be installed in heating systems with the most unstable pressure.

If the radiators are to be installed in a room with autonomous system heating, it makes no sense to invest a lot of money in expensive models. In this case, it is enough to calculate the power and determine optimal dimensions bimetallic heating radiators (10 sections - this standard type, although you can choose another type of device).

Specifications

Robert Zender became the developer of this heating system, this device was originally prepared as a cooling base for the motor components of motorcycles, but with the development of technology and the passage of time, this equipment became heating. Decades later, these products began to be used in industry and in this area of ​​human activity.

It is necessary to identify certain unique criteria and technical characteristics of steel radiators.

• for the production of such heating, high-quality metal and hard metals are used, which can give resistance to various shocks and loads. Such equipment is most suitable for private building plans, the service life in this case increases, since in individual buildings there are less stops and loads than in multi-storey buildings;
• apply simple technologies and methods, thanks to this, the price for such products is optimal, which allows you to acquire any type of your own, which is suitable for various types of buildings;
• the possession of stability to various attacks, because welding takes place openly, without various chemicals, therefore hydraulic loads are not terrible; the outer shell is the main distinguishing feature of such batteries, since iron can be painted in various colors that are sold in stores, can be sealed in sections, thanks to steel it can heat a building of various sizes;
• a universal tool, it can be mounted on any fasteners, however, they are included in the kit, so this equipment can be quickly and accurately mounted independently.

Steel panel radiators types and definition of power

Steel panel radiators are a competitor to conventional sectional type heaters. They are attractive in that compared to all sectional models with smaller dimensions they have a higher heat transfer coefficient. They consist of panels in which the coolant moves along the formed passages. There can be several panels: one, two or three. The second component is corrugated metal plates, which are called fins. It is due to these plates that a high level of heat transfer of these devices is achieved.

Steel panel radiators have different sizes and power

To obtain different thermal power, panels and fins are combined in several versions. Each option has different power. To choose the right size and power, you need to know what each of them is. By structure, steel panel batteries are of the following types:

• Type 33 - three-panel. The most powerful class, but also the most overall. It has three panels, to which three finning plates are connected (which is why it is designated 33).
• Type 22 - two-panel with two fins.
• Type 21. Two panels and between them one plate with corrugated metal. These heaters, with equal dimensions, have a lower power compared to type 22.
• Type 11. Single panel steel radiators with one finned plate. They have even less thermal power, but also smaller weight and dimensions.
• Type 10. This type has only one heating medium panel. These are the smallest and lightest models.

All these types can have different heights and lengths. Obviously, the power of panel radiators depends on both the type and dimensions. Since it is impossible to calculate this parameter on their own, each manufacturer compiles tables in which he enters the test results. According to these tables, radiators are selected for each room.

Types of steel panel radiators

Tall and narrow

High radiators even in the usual version look unusual. And if you paint it in a non-standard color, give it unusual shape, to compose with a mirror or a shelf, it turns out in general, more like designer thing than on a banal heating device.

We’ll immediately upset fans of cast iron: the highest cast-iron radiator is around a meter. Not seen above. The same can be said about bimetallic ones - they cannot be higher than a meter. And in general, all that is in the bimetal is 760-860 mm or so.

Steel panel batteries in standard version go up to 900 mm high. But there are also special models that can reach two meters or more. For example, Kermi has two models Verteo Plan and Verteo Profil - they can be up to 2.2 m maximum. Purmo also has giants: Kos V, Faros V, Tinos V, Narbonne V and VT, Paros V. They differ in the type of front panel (smooth or profiled) and depth. But all of them have only a bottom connection.

Steel tubular radiators are available up to 3000 mm high. Moreover, if necessary, some manufacturers can do higher. There are high models from any manufacturer: everyone who is present on the market offers such non-standard options “on order”. Here we list only the most interesting from the point of view of design: Entreetherm, Planterm for Arbonia, Dekor series for Kermi, Harmony for the Russian KZTO, Charleston for Zender.

There are no tall radiators in other types. Choice and so, I must say, considerable. Wouldn't get lost.

Temperature deviation of the reducer housing from 20 С

∆t2º
= 20 –20 = 0.

Guaranteed
transmission side clearance

j n min
= 0.06 + 112 (11.5 10-6 15
— 10.5 10-6 0) 2 sin20
= 0.073 mm.

Define the view
conjugation by . For
gear wheel with m≥1
mm, a w
= 112 mm and j n min
\u003d 0.073 mm (73 microns) - type of conjugation C.

Choose an indicator
providing guaranteed lateral
gap on - f ar
(deviation of center distance).

By type of conjugation
determine limit deviations
center distance ±f a

w
= 112 ± fa
= (112 ± 0.045) mm.

4. Measurement schemes
all assigned parameters.

4.1. local
kinematic error of gear
wheels can be controlled
on instruments for measuring kinematic
accuracy, in particular by defining
its harmonic component is the largest
differences between local neighbors
maximum and minimum values
kinematic error of the gear
wheels in one turn. kinematic
error of gears 1 and 6 (one
of the wheels is exemplary, and the other is verifiable)
controlled on devices with glass
limbs 2 and 5 with radial strokes
with division value 2′. Moving Strokes
causes current pulses in the photodiodes.
The phase shift of the pulses caused by
kinematic error in the gear
pair and rotation mismatch
gears, determined by the phase meter
3 and recorder 4.

4.2. Accumulated
step error can be controlled
on the device, the scheme of which is given
below, in which with continuous rotation
gear wheel 5 in the electronic unit
2 receive pulses from the circular
photoelectric converter
4, installed on the same axis with
measuring wheel, issuing
command pulse at a given position
tooth. When a command impulse appears
recorder 3 fixes the ordinate of the error
wheel pitch.

4.3. Measurement
spur tooth direction errors
wheels is carried out on devices, at
which there exists a caret with exact
longitudinal guides and measuring
the tip moves along the axis
measured wheel.

1 - table with longitudinal
moving together with the checked
wheel; 2 - transverse carriage; 3
- spindle; 4 - checked wheel;
5 - measuring unit; 6-
microscope; 7 - a ruler that can be
accurately set to the desired angle.

4.4. Measurement
center distance fluctuations
one revolution in double gearing
can be performed on the MTs-400 device for
center distance measurements. On
mandrels 4 and 5 push controlled
6 and exemplary 3 gears. Mandrel
5 located on a fixed carriage
7, the position of which can be changed
only when adjusted to the required
center distance. Mandrel 4
located on a fixed carriage 2,
which is compressed by a spring so that
gear pair 3-6 is always in
close contact on both
sides of the tooth profiles. When rotating
gear pair due to inaccuracies
its manufacture measuring interaxal
distance is measured, what is fixed
measuring or recording instrument
1.

5. We carry out the working
gear drawing. Rules
execution of cylindrical drawings
gears according to GOST 2.403-75 (design
and the shape of the wheel must match
task).

Features of mounting radiators

The dimensions of bimetallic heating radiators, as well as cast iron or aluminum ones, should therefore be selected as carefully as possible. Whatever dimensions, however, the battery has, it must, of course, be installed correctly. heating radiators are usually mounted on brackets to the wall. Before installing them, markup is mandatory. Radiators are mounted either strictly horizontally, or with a slight slope in the direction of the coolant current. In the latter case, it is easier to remove air plugs from the sections. Batteries can be connected to the battery lines in three ways: from below, diagonally and from the side. In any case, an individual valve should be installed on each radiator. This allows you to repair the battery without having to turn off the entire heating system as a whole. Also, a Mayevsky crane (or some of its modern analogues) is also installed on each radiator without fail.

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How to choose the right size of radiator sections

Determining the dimensions of sections and their number - most important step in building classical system heating.

With standard position

The power that they are able to develop depends on the size of the batteries and the material.

The length is almost always the same and is 80 mm. First determine the height. To do this, choose the installation location, on which the available space depends.

And design also plays a big role. These parameters determine the vertical component. Usually decided between 350 and 500 millimeters.

Depending on the characteristics of the room, you can purchase devices from 200 mm. If a radiator is purchased for a bathroom or a bathroom, a narrow model is recommended that can completely close the space between the floor and the ceiling. Altitude devices have different variations from one and a half to three meters.

Having defined two linear characteristics and material, move on to calculating the depth and number of sections. The number of the latter is usually taken equal to 10 , but there are others. The thickness is found from the volume. The cubic value is divided by the length and height. The definition of power is also closely related to these indicators: knowing the required one, you can find the number of sections.

With original interior

To create a design, manufacturers often donate technical specifications.

First of all This applies to cast iron products. Domestic radiators look serious, while they are simply covered paint.

European ones are sleeker, but weaker in heating. In any case, you need to find out from the documentation about the power that they are able to develop, since you need to choose devices for heat transfer.

Reference! There are batteries in the style of "retro". They have a pleasant appearance but expensive.

Aluminum have the same shape, except for custom-made, but differ in a variety of colors. In addition, a wide range of dimensions helps to fit them into almost any part of the room.

Bimetallic radiators, unlike analogues, are not only straight, but also curved. Because of this, they look good in rooms with smooth corners.

Regardless of the material chosen, before buying, you should familiarize yourself with the technical documentation and find out the dimensions of the internal parts of the sections containing the coolant.

This will help determine the batteries, not only outward signs, but also in terms of heating capacity.

Should be mindful of combinations. So, if a certain device fits the design, but its power is not enough, you can install additional heating by hiding it behind the side panel. Or combine radiator heating with underfloor heating.

good option for guest rooms will become fireplace installation. Although the latter more often plays a decorative role, it is also able to reduce the number or size of sections installed in the room. Sometimes it's better to sacrifice beauty than to freeze every winter.

If there was a desire create special design , contact the battery manufacturer. They will help you do the calculations. Thereby ready product will look beautiful and perform its direct function.

How to choose the size of a heating radiator

The selection of the battery size is as follows. After making sure that the products of the manufacturer that suits you are suitable in height and depth, you need to find out the number of sections for each room. To do this, we calculate the required thermal power of heating devices using the algorithm:

• in a room with one outer wall and 1 window receives 100 W of heat per 1 m2 of its area;
• if there are two walls facing the outside, then you need to take 120 W per 1 m2 of the room;
• when there are 2 walls and 2 windows, then 130 W/m2.

Note. The algorithm will give the correct result for rooms up to 2.5-2.7 m high. If the ceilings are higher, it is recommended to take 40 W of heat per 1 m3 of room volume.

Multiplying these figures by the area of ​​​​the rooms, we obtain the required thermal power, by which we determine the dimensions of the battery, taking the heat transfer of 1 section as a basis. Below, as an example, are tables showing all dimensions, center distances and heat transfer of aluminum and bimetallic radiators GLOBAL:

As a rule, the values ​​of the thermal power of the sections are indicated taking into account that the difference between the average temperature of the coolant and the room air is 70 ˚С (in the passport they write: at DT=70). This means that at +22 ˚С in the room, the supply water temperature should be about 100 ˚С, while in a private house it is rarely 70 ˚С.

And at this temperature, the battery section will give off 30% less heat, which should be taken into account.

Advice. In order not to be mistaken, it is necessary to subtract 30% from the power indicated in the passport for the product, and preferably 50.

Having determined the real power of 1 section, it becomes clear how to find their number: divide the heat consumption found earlier by this value. But after that, you may encounter a situation where the heater assembly is not included in the window sill niche, or vice versa, it looks too unpresentable in it, as shown in the photo:

How to choose the battery size in such cases? If it does not fit under the window, then the solution is simple: you need to divide the number of sections into 2 parts, instead of one device, two will come out. The length of the first will be 75% of the window opening, and the second will be all that remains. This part can be placed near the side wall, bringing pipelines to it. In the opposite situation (as in the photo), you need to take sections with a smaller center distance and height. Their heat transfer is less, which means that the total length of the heater will increase after recalculation, and as a result it will look great.

Types of radiator connection

If connecting the bottom way to connect the radiator. it will be equipped with a special valve for thermal control, which will immediately provide a certain temperature required.

With a side connection of a steel radiator, a standard heat circulation scheme in the room is used, and such a connection is cheap and not at all remarkable, not noticeable.

Making multiple panels will result in more heat input. A variety of metal alloys can also be mounted to them, as a result, the size of the base will increase, which gives heat transfer.

Types of battery connection

However, these heating systems also have features, for example, weight. According to this criterion, they can reach the weight level of cast-iron installations, which are quite heavy. Also, the volume of water will be a minus, which means that thermal control will be lower and, accordingly, heat transfer too. The thickness of the radiator can reach 160mm, which is superior to the thickness of cast irons. In addition, the inner shell of such batteries is difficult to clean dirt.

Products from pipes help to remember the times of cast-iron batteries. they are similar in external parameters. They are in most cases, the installation of cast-iron batteries is carried out in administrative buildings and residential buildings of the Stalinist period. Resistant to strong atmospheric pressure reaching up to 10, they can reach more than a hundred cm in length, a maximum width of 2 cm. They can also be sectional and non-sectional.

General indicators of cast iron radiators

In truth, it is from this metal heating devices most of all adapted to "survival" and long-term operation in conditions of centralized heating. Since 1857, when cast-iron radiators were invented, they have carried heat into residents' homes. different countries. Currently, Western countries have stopped using this metal for heating housing, but in the CIS, most houses built in the 60-70s are still heated with their help.

The parameters of modern cast-iron batteries are the same in some respects, although they and old models have their own advantages and disadvantages.

• The level of heat transfer and power are the first points that consumers pay attention to when choosing heating appliances for their homes. In many ways, these indicators are influenced by the size of cast-iron heating radiators, but the average power of one section is 140-160 watts.
• Low inertia provides uniform heat radiation and long-term cooling of the structure when it is turned off.
• The size of a cast iron radiator section affects its weight. There are elements that weigh 3 kg, and there are those that weigh 7 kg.
• The average dimensions of cast iron heaters have become a classic standard. So the width of the cast-iron radiator section is 80-100 mm, the height is from 370 mm to 570 mm, and the depth is from 70 mm to 120 mm.
• The volume of old types of radiators is 1.5 liters, for domestic models of the new generation 0.7-0.8 liters, and for foreign analogues - 0.4-0.6 liters.
• Operating pressure is another important factor to consider when installing radiators. So for Soviet samples, it was 6-9 atmospheres, and the wall thickness and size of the new type of cast-iron battery can withstand loads up to 12 atmospheres. Some manufacturers are cunning when they indicate that their cast iron products have a working pressure of 15-18 atmospheres. This is actually the pressure that each battery is subjected to at the factory to test its water hammer strength.
• The stated warranty period for cast iron radiators is 20-35 years, although there are companies that give their products 50 years of operation, and this is not surprising. Such a long active "life" of these devices is due to the presence of a wide channel through which the coolant passes without difficulty, leaving no debris at the bottom, but corrosive scale on the walls.

These are the main indicators that are inherent in many models, but since there are manufacturers from different countries on the market today, the size of the cast-iron radiator section may differ, and its weight, and other parameters.

4 Preliminary basic dimensions of the wheel.

- dividing
diameter:

- wheel width:
,

Where  A- wheel width coefficient,  A =0,4.

accept standard
meaning b 2 = 56mm.

3.5 Transmission module

Transmission module:

where coefficient
K m is taken for chevron wheels: K m = 5.2.

T FE \u003d K Fd T 2 - equivalent
moment on the wheel

Where

- coefficient of durability. Here
N FG =4106-
base number of cycles. At N108 we take K Fd =1.0.

That. equivalent
moment on the wheel T FE \u003d T 2 \u003d 238.3
N.

The module accepts
meaning:

Accept module
gears equal to m = 1 mm.

3.6 Total number
teeth and angle.

Minimum Angle
inclination of teeth of chevron wheels  min = 25;

Total number
teeth

z  =2
a w cos min /m.

z  =2140cos
25/1 = 253

We define
actual angle value

 =
arccos ( z  m
/ 2a w).

 =
arccos (2531/ 2140)
= 25.4.

3.7 Number of gear teeth
and wheels.

Number of teeth
gears

z 1 =z  /(u±l)z 1min.

For chevron
wheels z 1min = 17cos3= 13;

z1
=253/(6.3+l)
= 35 > z 1 min .

Number of teeth
wheels: z 2 \u003d z  - z 1 \u003d 253 - 35 \u003d 218.

3.8 Actual
gear ratio

Actual
gear ratio u f \u003d z 2 / z 1
= 218 / 35 = 6,23.

Deviation from
given gear ratio Not
exceeds the allowed 4%.

3.9 Wheel diameters.

Dividing
diameters, d:

gears d 1 =z 1 m/cos= 351
/ cos 25.4= 38.1 mm;

wheels d 2 \u003d 2a w - d 1 \u003d 2140
- 38.1 \u003d 241.9 mm .;

Circle diameters
peaks d a and troughs d f of the teeth:

d a1 =d 1
+2(1 +x 1 -
y)m = 38.1 + 211
= 40.1 mm;

d f1 =d 1
- 2 (1.25 - x 1) m \u003d
38,1 — 21,251
= 35.6 mm;

d a2 =d 2
+2(1 +x2
— y)m= 241.9 + 211
= 243.9 mm;

d f2 =d 2
- 2 (1.25 - x 2) m \u003d
241,9 — 21,251
= 239.4 mm;

3.10 Workpiece dimensions
wheels.

To obtain
during heat treatment accepted for
calculation of mechanical characteristics
wheel material, it is required that
the dimensions of the wheel blanks did not exceed
maximum allowable values: D zag D prev; C zag, S zag S before;

Values ​​Dzag , S zag, C zag (mm) calculate
according to the formulas:

for cylindrical
gears D zag \u003d d a +6 mm \u003d 40.1 + 6
= 46.1 mm80 mm;

For wheel with
grooves take the smaller of
values ​​Dzag \u003d 0.5b 2 \u003d 0.556 \u003d 28 mm.125 mm; and S zag \u003d 8m \u003d 8mm 80mm.

3.11 Forces in engagement

circular F t \u003d 2T 2 / d 2 \u003d 2238.3 / 0.2419 \u003d 1970.2 N;

radial
F r \u003d F t tg / cos \u003d 1970.20.364 / cos 25.4 \u003d 793.9 N.

(for standard
angle =20° tg=0.364);

axial F a =
F t tg= 1970.2tg
25.4= 935.5 N.

3.12 Checking the teeth
wheels by bending stresses.

Rated voltage
bending in the teeth of the wheel:

 F2 =K Fa K F  K Fv Y  Y F2 F tE /(b 2 m)
 [] F2

For wheels with >0°
accept for the 9th degree of accuracy
K Fa=1.

Degree of accuracy
transfers are accepted depending on
circumferential wheel speed (m/s)
degree of accuracy
9th.

Coefficient
load concentration K F  ,
accept for running-in wheels
at variable load K F  =K0 F  (1-X)+X,
where is the initial concentration coefficient
load K0 F  =1.635.
That. K F  =1.3175.

Coefficient
dynamic load accept
according to peripheral speed K Fv =
1,07.

Coefficient Y  is calculated by the formula Y  =1-°/140=0.965.

Shape factor
tooth Y F2 = 3.6, Y F1 = 3.7.

F tE = K Fd F t
- equivalent circumferential force.
Durability factor K Fd =
1. I.e. F tE = 1970.2 N.

As a result, we have:

 F2 =11.31751.070.9653.61970.2/(0.0560.001)
= 172.3 MPa< 256

condition is met

Rated voltage
in gear teeth:

 F1 = F2 Y F1 /
Y F2 [] F1 ,

 F1 =172.33.7
/ 3,6 = 177,1<294МПа.

condition is met

Calculation of heating radiators

In conclusion, it is necessary to focus on the question of how to calculate the number of heating radiators per room or other room. . The required number of sections can be determined in several ways:

The required number of sections can be determined in several ways:

1. Based on the area of ​​the room. This method is suitable for rooms with low ceilings (within 3 m). To do this, you need to multiply the number of square meters of room area by the required amount of heat per meter, according to SNiP this is 100 watts. For example, 20 sq.m will require 20x100 \u003d 2000 watts. Then the required amount of heat is divided by the heat output of one section of the radiator, indicated in the technical data sheet. The resulting number of sections of the heater is rounded up to a whole number.
2. Based on the volume of the room. This method is relevant when calculating radiators for rooms with high ceilings or staircases, and in addition, it is more accurate than the above method. According to regulatory documents for heating 1 cu. m. of air in the room requires 41 W of thermal power. Accordingly, by multiplying the volume of the room by 41, the required amount of heat is obtained, which is then also divided by the heat transfer power of one section and the resulting value is rounded up to an integer. For buildings equipped with modern double-glazed windows, a lower heating power is required - 34 W / m3. It should be borne in mind that manufacturers are often cunning and indicate heat transfer indicators at the maximum temperature of the coolant, therefore, when calculating, it is necessary to build on the minimum parameters of the heater.
3. A more accurate calculation is only possible for specialists, since this takes into account many parameters, coefficients and tabular values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in the regulatory documentation. These include: the amount of heat for the room depending on its location and value, the area of ​​​​the room, the coefficients of glazing and thermal insulation of enclosing structures, coefficients that take into account the number of external walls, the height of the ceilings, the type of rooms above and below, the outside air temperature in the coldest week and five days and much more. Therefore, in order to obtain such an accurate heat engineering calculation, it is necessary to contact an organization specializing in these services.

As can be seen from the materials of this article, the choice of radiators of the required size and thermal power is an important measure to ensure a comfortable stay in the house. If you do not pay due attention to this procedure, then later you can forget about the comfort in the room.

Among all types of radiators, bimetallic heating radiators can be called the highest quality and most reliable. They are made of bimetal, that is, not from one metal (aluminum or steel), but from a combination of these metals. Bimetal radiators are very popular and have surpassed their counterparts in sales. This is because they have excellent technical characteristics, and this is the main thing that they pay attention to when buying.

Let's take a closer look at the features of bimetallic heating radiators, find out their technical characteristics and properties, as well as the pros and cons. If you are not familiar with these products, then thanks to the article you will be able to have an idea about them and choose the appropriate option for yourself.

Features and types of heating radiators

Bimetallic heating radiators outwardly very much resemble ordinary aluminum ones. Their beautiful appearance is complemented by the advantages of both steel and aluminum. After all, the design of radiators is quite simple. They consist of steel pipes through which the coolant flows, as well as aluminum panels. This allows you to effectively heat the room. The steel heats up fairly quickly with hot water streams, transferring its heat to the aluminum, which, in turn, heats the air in the room.

The aluminum shell performs two roles: it hides the pipe system and makes the bimetal radiator more beautiful, and it also distributes heat better. And unlike steel or cast iron batteries, bimetallic batteries are much lighter, so installation is much easier.

Note! If you want to know the operating pressure and temperature, then this can be done in the passport of the bimetallic radiator. The model may differ from each other, depending on manufacturers and specifications.

On the shelves of stores you can find two types of bimetallic radiators:

1. Bimetallic- batteries that have a steel core made of pipes, which is surrounded by an aluminum shell. Their advantage is that they are very durable and do not leak. Such models are produced by companies from Italy (Global Style, Royal Thermo BiLiner). Even domestic companies from Russia also produce these products. One of the representatives: Santekhprom BM.
2. semi-bimetallic- they are considered to be "half-breeds", since these radiators have only steel pipes, which reinforce the vertical channels. In this case, aluminum will come into contact with water a little. Such heating radiators will give off heat more efficiently, by about 10%. And besides, their cost is 20% cheaper. On the market you can find the Russian manufacturer Rifar, Chinese Gordi, Italian Sira.

Each type of heating radiator has its own parameter, so experts cannot come to a unanimous decision which one is better. Everyone is good at something. It is important to consider what type of heating is used - centralized or individual. For example, the technical characteristics of bimetallic radiators make products resistant to chemicals and low-quality centralized coolant. If we talk about increased pressure in the system, then aluminum shows itself better, however, it requires a high-quality coolant. One thing is clear for sure: if the heating system consists of old pipes that are more than 40 years old, it is preferable to use durable bimetallic batteries.

Whole or sectional

There is another difference between bimetallic radiators, which concerns their design features. Basically, products with a certain number of sections are produced. The more of them, the more heat will be. They can be collapsible, that is, if necessary, the radiator can be reduced or enlarged. In production, each section is completely manufactured, after which they are connected with nipples. The number of sections is paired.

But, there is a second type of radiator batteries - solid ones. Their core is made to a certain size, and it cannot be changed in the future. After that, the steel pipes are sheathed with a figured shell of aluminum coated with enamel. Such a radiator will not burst even in the event of a pressure surge of up to 100 atmospheres.

Specification overview

Now let's take a closer look at bimetallic radiators characteristics and properties. This must be considered first of all before buying one or another type. What is special about these products and why they are called one of the best? Let's find out.

Heat dissipation

Perhaps, it is for this that radiators are bought to heat the room. Therefore, first of all, you need to pay special attention to these characteristics. The heat given off by a radiator whose coolant has a temperature of 70 degrees is measured in watts. Bimetallic batteries have excellent heat transfer performance, as the average is in the range of 170-190 watts.

The heat transfer process itself is quite simple: it consists in heating the air, and due to the special design of the battery, a convention occurs.

Operating pressure

It depends on the parameters and the manufacturer. Nevertheless, on average, the battery can withstand a pressure of 16-35 atmospheres. This is quite enough, because a centralized system is capable of producing no more than 14 atmospheres, and an autonomous one - about 10. And in order for the radiator not to burst during pressure surges, the parameter is made with a margin.

Distance between axles

The sizes of bimetallic heating radiators can be very different. But as for the center distance, here are the standard values:

• 200 mm;
• 300 mm;
• 350 mm;
• 500 mm;
• 800 mm;

What is this distance? This is the gap from the upper manifold to the lower one. We can say that this is the height of the bimetallic radiator. Thanks to these very different sizes, you can choose a product for any interior and for different needs.

Maximum coolant temperature

It is clear that the temperature of the coolant inside rarely reaches 100 degrees Celsius. However, almost all products are able to withstand an indicator of 90 degrees. It's just great. And if you saw that the manufacturer claims up to 100 degrees, you can understand that he is a little disingenuous, since such radiators cannot withstand more than 90 degrees.

Service life and reliability

If you take into account the technical characteristics, features and manufacturer, you can be sure that it is guaranteed that the battery can be operated for 20 years without any maintenance. But, this is far from the limit. With proper maintenance, they can last a very long time.

Ease of installation

In general, bimetallic heating radiators can be installed independently. Nevertheless, simplicity and convenience depends on the dimensions, weight and availability of instructions. The good news is that the battery sections are identical, which means that they can be installed both on the left of the heating pipe and on the right. It is only necessary to connect the pipe to the radiator on the right side, and on the opposite side, install plugs and a Mayevsky crane for control.

Note! Mayevsky's crane is a very useful thing. Thanks to him, the battery can be turned off completely if not needed, or if airing occurs, it allows you to remove air from the system.

In addition, there are products with nozzles at the bottom for sale. All accessories, pipes and brackets must be included with the radiator.

Advantages and disadvantages of bimetallic radiators

In the end, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the positive and negative aspects of using radiators. Let's start with the pros:

1. They have high strength.
2. Withstand high system pressures.
3. Radiators of heating are capable to serve long service.
4. Handle heat dissipation effectively.
5. Resistant to mechanical damage.
6. They look great and do not fall out of the interior.
7. A wide range of products, which allows you to choose the best option.
8. They are one of the best among analogues.

As for the disadvantages, they also exist:

• the main one is the high cost. But, given the technical characteristics and quality of products, the price is quite justified;
• the core of steel pipes under the influence of coolant and air can rust. This happens when a repair or an accident occurs in the system. In this case, you have to drain the water, and the air begins to affect the pipes. And they can rust from antifreeze, which is used in private homes. In this case, it is better to choose solid batteries or pure aluminum;
• the last drawback is the small flow area of ​​the pipe.

Here they are bimetallic heating radiators. It is safe to say that so far they simply have no equal on the market in terms of characteristics, work, appearance and parameters. Many users who have purchased products are quite satisfied with their purchase.

The main technical characteristics of models of aluminum heating radiators are information that it is desirable to know before choosing and buying them. Along with the appearance (design) of the heater and its cost, the technical data allow you to compare different models with each other and choose the option that is optimal in terms of the main parameters.

Distinguish quantitative and qualitative characteristics aluminum radiators. Quantitative ones make it possible to compare heating devices in terms of their weight and size parameters and heat flow power. In turn, the quality characteristics take into account the design features and manufacturing technology.

Quantitative characteristics

Quantitative characteristics must be confirmed in the course of tests, the results of which serve as the basis for obtaining a certificate of conformity. The list of confirmed characteristics, as well as test methods and conditions, are specified in the regulatory documentation - Russian (GOST) and European (EN 442-2) standards, or specially issued and approved technical specifications (TU).

Number of sections

The vast majority of models of aluminum radiators consists of separate sections. The division into sections allows you to choose the device of the required power, depending on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe heated room.

The buyer can purchase both individual sections of the radiator, and a ready-made factory-assembled heater. As a rule, factory-assembled radiators include from 4 to 12 sections. When assembling sections between themselves, a nipple connection is used.

The number of sections required for space heating is determined by the approximate formula:

where S is the area of ​​the room, m2;

P is the thermal power of one section, W.

The Italian company Global produces twin models of the GL / D series, which have 2 rows located symmetrically relative to the plane of the rear wall of the sections. Dual radiators are used if they need to be installed at a distance from the wall.

Heat output (nominal heat flux)

This parameter (measured in W) allows you to determine how many sections a radiator should have to heat a certain area.

According to GOST 31311-2005 “Heating appliances. General technical conditions”, thermal power is determined under the following conditions:

• temperature difference (difference between the temperatures of the coolant and the air in the room) ΔТ= 70°С;
• atmospheric pressure B = 760 mm Hg;
• the coolant moves through the heating device "from top to bottom".

Some manufacturers additionally indicate the heat output measured at a temperature difference of 30°C and 50°C.

External heating surface area

This value includes the area of ​​all surfaces of the radiator section that are in contact with the air in the room, including the area of ​​the fins. The outer surface area is usually:

1. for sections with a center distance of 350 mm - 0.3 ... 0.4 m2;
2. for sections with a center distance of 500 mm - 0.4 ... 0.5 m2.

Geometric characteristics

Overall and mounting (connection) dimensions determine the possibility of installing a heating radiator under specific conditions of placement. Also, the dimensions of the heater affect its thermal output.

Dimensions.

center distance

The center distance is the distance between the axes of the upper and lower collectors. Among the mass-produced radiators, models with center distances of 200, 300, 350, 500, 600, 800 mm predominate. The center distance of 500 mm is the most common, and radiators of this size are present in the model range of all manufacturers. Global produces models of the Oscar series with center distances from 900 to 2000 mm.

Mounting dimensions.

Section width

The vast majority of aluminum radiator models have a section width of 80 mm. Less commonly, sections are produced with a width of 70 mm, 100 mm and other values.

Depth

This value determines the installation distance from the axis of the collector to the adjacent wall of the room. The most common products are 80 mm deep, but to increase the thermal power, manufacturers in some models increase the radiator depth to 100 mm.

Section internal volume

One of the parameters that determine the power of the heater. The internal volume of the section (measured in liters) depends on the height of the radiator, as well as the shape and cross-sectional area of ​​the vertical channel. To increase the internal volume, some manufacturers produce models with an oval channel section (Royal Thermo radiators).

Vertical channel of oval section.

Section weight

The weight of the section includes the weight of the paintwork, as well as the average weight of the gaskets and nipples. Sometimes in the passport for the product indicate the specific value of the mass (material consumption), which is measured in kg / kW.

Pressure

Most aluminum radiators are designed for an operating pressure of 16 atm (1.6 MPa). Some models assume operation in systems with a working pressure of 20 and 25 atm (for example, Rovall manufactured by the Sira Group).

The test (pressure) pressure, at which the radiator should not collapse, should be 1.5 times higher than the working one. Manufacturers also indicate the maximum (destructive) pressure, which is usually 40-60 atm, but not less than 2 times higher than the working one.

Heat carrier temperature

Heating devices of this type are designed for a coolant temperature of 110 ° C. Some models (for example, Rifar Alum series) allow operation at 135°C.

Tables 1 and 2 show the specifications for models with 350 and 500 mm center distance. The comparative tables show the weight and size parameters, the volume of the coolant and the nominal heat flow of the production section of 7 different companies.

Table 1 - Technical characteristics of aluminum radiators (center distance 350 mm)

Table 2 - Technical characteristics of aluminum radiators (center distance 500 mm)

Models with a center distance of 200 mm are the smallest in height among aluminum sectional radiators. Products of this standard size are used for installation under window openings with an increased glazing area. Comparative characteristics of devices of this size are shown in Table 3 and include data on products from three manufacturers.

Table 3 - Technical characteristics of aluminum radiators (center distance 200 mm)

Qualitative characteristics

Before purchasing a heater, you should also study the qualitative characteristics of various models, showing the design features and manufacturing technology.

Heat carriers

The technical passport for the product must indicate with which coolants it is allowed to operate. The permissible range of values ​​of the hydrogen index (pH) of the coolant can also be specified. If an aluminum radiator is supposed to work with non-freezing liquids (antifreeze), special intersectional gaskets are used in its design.

Connection methods

The standard section of the aluminum radiator has a top and bottom manifold that allows one of the known side connection methods. Some models of heating appliances are equipped with a manifold with a lower connecting pipe, which allows for a convenient lower connection when installing a collector heating system.

Manufacturing method

Sections can be made by injection molding or extrusion. Extrusion is a pressure treatment method that results in a preform of increased density. Radiators made by this method have higher strength, which allows them to withstand increased pressure.

Aluminum sectional radiators have proven themselves in individual heating systems, when the homeowner has the opportunity to independently choose the type of coolant and control its quality. Such devices are characterized by high thermal performance, outperforming bimetallic models due to their lower cost. The technical characteristics of aluminum heating radiators give the buyer the opportunity to choose the best model among a number of analogues.

What you need to know before deciding to replace heating radiators in a house or city apartment located in a multi-storey building? The answer lies on the surface. You need to have an idea about the main differences between heaters that can be purchased at a hardware store.

Typically, the following types of batteries are available at the sales organization:

• steel;
• copper;
• cast iron;
• aluminum;
• bimetallic (aluminum + steel).

We can immediately say that the first two types are exotic models and are used quite rarely. Cast iron radiators have not been installed in modern homes for a long time. And those people who carry out major repairs are trying to get rid of them.

The industry has long mastered the production of heating devices from other materials, which, with significantly smaller dimensions, provide more efficient heat transfer. Such devices include aluminum and bimetallic radiators. Let's talk about them.

If we make a comparison between heating systems made of aluminum and bimetallic, then the former lose in some positions. Appliances made of aluminum and its alloys do not meet the requirements that allow their use in housing located in the city and operating from a centralized heating system.

Bimetallic radiators quite easily cope with most of the technical problems that are associated with their installation in buildings connected to centralized heat supply networks. This is directly related to their main technical parameters:

• dimensions;
• ultimate pressure;
• limit temperature.

The bimetallic heating device is indistinguishable in appearance from the one made of aluminum. Their main difference lies in the fact that inside the bimetallic heating device there is a steel case welded from stainless steel, and an aluminum case is installed on top of it.

This design ensures that the device will not come into contact with the coolant. In addition, steel is much more resistant to the effects of various aggressive substances that are present in large volumes in centralized heat supply systems. By the way, in some networks, washing is carried out with the addition of a 5% solution of phosphoric acid.

The use of steel elements increases the duration of the heating devices. According to some manufacturers, the service life of such structures is up to twenty years.

The presence of steel inside the bimetallic heating radiator provides significant structural strength. A device of this type can withstand a working pressure of up to 40 atm. Thus, a bimetallic product is capable of withstanding severe water hammer.

Narrowed channels guarantee the most efficient combination of the heat sink's thermal inertia and the flow rate of the coolant required to heat a given volume.

If we take into account all the properties listed above and add to them high thermal efficiency, stylish appearance, then we can safely say that today bimetallic heating devices are optimal for installation in modern apartment buildings.

Dimensions of bimetallic radiators

When choosing a heating device, the consumer must take into account its size. To ensure effective protection against cold air coming from windows, heating radiators are mounted in niches under them. In other words, the appliance must fit freely in it and ensure that sufficient heat is supplied.

All bimetallic heaters have a standardized height range of sizes. The distance between the vertical channels may differ depending on the type of bimetallic heater and be: 200, 350 and 500 mm, respectively. But at the same time, it must be remembered that this size shows the center distance between the inlet and outlet pipes. To determine the full height dimension, add 40 mm per side. That is, with a center distance of 500 mm, the total dimension is 580 mm. The width of the radiator is determined by the number of installed sections.

Thermal calculation - execution algorithm

The number of sections to be installed in heating radiators is calculated according to a single algorithm. In our country, there is such a standard: for heating 10 square meters of area, a power of 1 kW is required. Most manufacturers in the technical parameters of their products show the maximum power that is provided by one section. Knowing this characteristic, it is possible to calculate the required number of radiator nodes. For this, the following formula is used:

N = S*100/Q, where

• Q - section passport indicator,
• S - area of ​​the heated room
• N is the required number of sections.

Typical block width is 80 mm. To create a sufficient level of heat in a room of 20 square meters, it is necessary to install a bimetallic radiator about 1 meter wide.

By the way, bimetal structures are also characterized by such a parameter as the capacity of the section. So, a node with a center-to-center distance of 500 millimeters can accommodate up to 0.3 liters of coolant.

An insert made of steel and mounted inside a bimetallic heating device provides long-term heat storage. In addition, these embedded parts significantly reduce the volume of the section. This phenomenon has two variants of events: on the one hand, there is a decrease in thermal inertia, which, accordingly, leads to a decrease in the cost of maintaining heat, and on the other hand, the narrowing of channels can lead to a rapid clogging of the heating network.

A bimetallic heating radiator holds somewhat less coolant in its sections than an aluminum one. But along with this, a typical device of one of the manufacturers with a width of 80 mm and a height of 350 mm carries 1.6 liters of coolant. It is able to heat an area up to 14 square meters.

By the way, such bimetallic devices are 1.5-2 times heavier than aluminum ones.

Temperature and pressure requirements

When creating a heating system, parameters such as the temperature of the working medium and the pressure in the system are important.

The presence of a stainless steel insert has no effect on the type and dimensions of the heater. But their use allows you to withstand significant pressure (up to forty atm.). It should be noted that tests of the heating network are carried out at a pressure one and a half to two times more than the standard parameters.

By the way, the maximum allowable temperature of the thermal environment can reach 100-110 degrees Celsius. This value is close to the parameters of the heat carrier entering the building from the centralized network. But it loses part of the energy when passing through the point where the working medium circulating in the house network is heated.

Important! Before purchasing new heaters, it is advisable to contact the office of the management company and request data on the operating and test parameters of pressure and temperature. This will help you make the right choice.

When choosing a battery, the consumer must take into account several other important parameters. In some inexpensive models, the steel insert is made only in vertically located channels. Therefore, radiators of this class have less protection against corrosion, and, accordingly, their service life is reduced. In addition, such a design will not provide high strength. Therefore, these heating devices are called pseudo-bimetallic.

Important! It is not advisable to install radiators of this type in city apartments. This can lead to an emergency!

In practice, two main types of heating radiators are used: monolithic and collapsible. The first is a non-separable structure, which is based on a stainless steel system. These radiators are designed to work in systems where sudden pressure surges are acceptable, such as in high-rise buildings. Collapsible devices are a certain number of sections, the number of which can be increased or decreased, but they are not adapted to a sharp change in pressure (water hammer).

By the way, many experts recommend installing collapsible structures in autonomous heating systems, which can be found in low-rise or country houses. Boiler equipment installed in such buildings produces a constant operating pressure and a stable temperature. These parameters are set by the homeowner when setting up the system.

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Photo gallery (14 photos)

The device of bimetallic heating devices

When designing a heating system in a city apartment or a private house, the owner is interested in three main parameters: the size of the heating radiators, the heat transfer of one section and the maximum working pressure for which they are designed. We are investigating the spread of these parameters among the products of the modern market.

In the photo - only three sizes of heaters. However, in stores you can see a much wider selection.

standard height

Let's start with the most common batteries with a center distance along the eyeliners of 500 millimeters. Each of us probably saw them in the apartment where he spent his childhood.

Cast iron

The most typical representative is the MS-140-500-0.9 cast-iron radiator. Let's take a look at its specifications.

• Section length - 93 mm, depth - 140, height - 588. It is not difficult to calculate the dimensions of a multi-section radiator; with a length of 7-10 sections, it is worth adding about a centimeter to the thickness of the paronite gaskets.

Attention: when installing the radiator in a niche, do not forget about the length of the flushing cock. Any cast-iron heating radiators with a side connection need to be flushed.

• heat flow, which provides one section at a temperature delta between the coolant and ambient air of 70C - 160 watts.
• The maximum working pressure in megapascals is indicated in the product name - 0.9 MPa, which corresponds to 9 atmospheres.

Aluminum

Here, with the same center distance of the eyeliners, we observe a significant scatter of parameters, so we will indicate the most typical ones.

• Typical dimensions of aluminum heating radiators: length 80 mm, depth 80-100 mm, height - 575-585 mm.
• The heat transfer of the section depends on the area of ​​the fins and the depth of the section. Usually it lies in the range of 180 - 200 watts per section.
• For most models, the working pressure is 16 atmospheres. At the same time, radiators are tested one and a half times as large - 24 kgf / cm2.

It is curious: the volume of coolant in one section of an aluminum radiator is 3-5 times less compared to cast iron. This is achieved due to the greater thermal conductivity of aluminum and the larger fin area. The obvious result is a high speed of water movement and an almost complete absence of silting.

Bimetallic

The steel core has little effect on the appearance and dimensions of the heating radiator, but the maximum working pressure increases dramatically.

Alas, with increasing strength, the price also increases: a bimetallic section will cost the buyer 400-700 rubles.

• Typical section dimensions: length - 80-82 mm, depth - 75 - 100, height - 550 - 580.
• Heat transfer is slightly reduced due to the lower thermal conductivity of steel. In general, bimetallic sections are inferior to aluminum ones by only 10-20 watts per section, which are compensated by a larger fin area. The average heat flux values ​​are 160-200 watts.
• But the working pressure due to the steel inside is much higher: for most members of the family, it reaches 25-35 atmospheres when tested at 30-50. The Monolith radiator from the Russian company Rifar is completely capable of constantly operating at 100 kgf / cm2, and is tested at 150.

Important: when installing a heating system with your own hands, the main instruction is to use pipes that are not inferior in strength to a radiator. Otherwise, the use of particularly durable heating devices is meaningless: by removing one weak link from the circuit, we replace it with another. Bimetallic radiators are supplied only with a steel eyeliner.

Low

Radiators with a small center distance have two nice features:

1. They can be placed under a low window sill.
2. Heat transfer per unit surface area is maximum for them. The higher the radiator, the warmer air contacts its upper part and the less heat flow from the surface of this part of the fins.

What performance options can we find here?

Cast iron

Let's turn again to MC radiators made in Belarus.

• The MS-140M-300-0.9 radiator has a section length of the same 93 mm with a height of 388 mm and a depth of 140.
• The heat flux with a change in dimensions, of course, has decreased and is now equal to 106 watts per section.
• The working pressure has not changed: the same 9 kgf / cm2.

However: among imported products, you can find cast-iron radiators with a center distance along the eyeliners of both 200 and 350 millimeters.

Aluminum

The spread of center distances for domestic and imported low radiators is more than large. Available in sizes 150, 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 mm.

What does this mean in terms of characteristics we are interested in?

• The length of the section starts from 40 millimeters, which makes the battery unusually compact. Height - from 200, while the depth in many models compensates for the lack of the other two sizes and reaches 180 mm.
• Thermal power varies from ridiculous 50 to quite solid 160 watts per section. The defining moment is the section ribbing area.
• The change in dimensions slightly affected the working pressure: most of the radiators are designed for the same 16 atmospheres with tests for 24.

Bimetallic

How will the size of heating radiators change if a steel core is placed inside the aluminum fins? But none. We can see absolutely all sizes typical for aluminum structures among bimetallic heaters.

The thermal power also remains within the same limits: you can find low radiators with a heat output of both 80 and 140 watts per section.

The working pressure, of course, remains high: after all, the material is different. The same 25-35 atmospheres are typical.

There are two interesting nuances:

1. Among bimetallic radiators, one can find radiators not with solid steel cores, but with steel tubes inserted between aluminum collectors. In this case, the manufacturer, as a rule, is careful with the declared parameters, and the declared 16 and even 12 atmospheres can be seen in the bimetallic radiator.
2. Low radiators made of aluminum and bimetal often do not have vertical channels and, when connected to the side, are heated from the collectors only due to the thermal conductivity of aluminum. Circulation is provided by the last section: it is made flowing.

High

High-rise radiators are installed in cases where the need for thermal power is high, but the layout of the room does not allow the room to occupy a large length of the wall. Accordingly, with a large height, these products have a limited width.

Cast iron

If domestic cast-iron radiators basically remain purely utilitarian products and are made in standard dimensions, then among imported products there are very stylish products of an unusual height for cast iron.

Take a look at the Demrad Retro line as an example:

• With a standard width of 76 mm, the height of the section varies from 661 to 954 mm. The depth in all cases is 203 mm.
• The working pressure is 10 atmospheres, while radiators are tested at 13.
• The thermal power of the largest sections reaches 270 watts.
• The size of the heating radiator can reach 2400 millimeters in height.
• Working pressure is often limited to 6 atmospheres, but it is not difficult to find more durable products.
• Due to the high altitude, a solid heat transfer is achieved: at a temperature delta of 70C, it can reach 433 watts (Oscar 2000 from Global) and even more.

Aluminum

Often the eyeliner of high radiators is connected from below. The goal is to hide the pipes.

Bimetallic

A significant part of high bimetallic radiators are design designs, which do not have to talk about standard sizes and any unification. In addition, often these are not sectional, but monolithic products.

As an example, however, we will take a serial representative of the family - the Sira RS-800 BIMETALL radiator.

• Section dimensions: height 880 mm, length 80 and depth 95 mm.
• Heat dissipation - 280 watts per section.
• Working pressure is SUDDENLY 4 kgf/cm2 when tested for 6. The radiator is clearly not intended for central heating and is equipped with cores only in vertical channels.

Conclusion

We hope that you will be able to choose exactly those products that suit you in all respects. In the video at the end of the article you will find additional information on topics of interest to you. Warm winters!