Verbascum densiflorum (Verbascum thapsiforme)
Taxon: family Norichnikov ( Scrophulariaceae).
Other names: densely flowered mullein, scepter-shaped mullein, royal candle, royal scepter, bear ear, divina, wonder
English: Wool mullein
Botanical description
Mullein is tall, like most plants of the genus Verbascum, is a herbaceous biennial plant; in the first year of vegetation it forms a rosette shoot from oblong-elliptical leaves. In the second year of life, an elongated generative shoot develops from its apical bud, densely covered with leaves, which at the top of the stem become sessile, with an ovoid plate, oblong elliptical, partly pointed. The upper leaves are somewhat smaller. The entire plant is densely covered with soft gray or yellow felt pubescence. The flowers are bisexual, irregular, yellow on the pedicels, collected 2-5 (7) in a bunch. They are collected in a dense spike-shaped inflorescence or spike-shaped raceme. The perianth is double, five-membered, the sepals are lanceolate, the corolla is wheel-shaped on the outside, covered with star-shaped hairs and has 35-55 mm in diameter. The stamen apparatus is formed by five stamens, differing in structure. The two anterior stamens are not pubescent, the three posterior ones have kidney-shaped anthers, the filaments of which are densely pubescent with white glandular hairs. The ovary is superiorly pubescent, the style thickens and ends with a paddle-shaped stigma. The fruit is an elliptical capsule.
Mullein blooms during the summer from June to July. It bears fruit in the fall, in September-October.
Spreading
Tall mullein, like most species of this genus, has a Eurasian distribution area. The northern border of the European range of high mullein runs through the southern regions of the Scandinavian and Baltic countries and the northern regions of Belarus, extending into the Voronezh and Kursk regions of Russia. The southern border of the mullein's range runs along the northern coast of the Mediterranean and Black Seas, reaching the North Caucasus.
Tall mullein loves sandy, gravelly, rocky soils. It grows mainly in forest clearings and glades. The plant is also found in weedy meadows, ruins, landfills, and near housing. Under natural conditions, high mullein generally does not dominate in plant groups, however, in places with disturbed plant cover (embankments, quarries, ravines), it can form separate areas of pure thickets. Such areas are mostly small, but the plants that grow on them develop well.
Collection and preparation of medicinal raw materials
For medicinal purposes, mullein flowers are used as the main raw material - Vlos Verbasci, or perianth Corolla Verbasci. Mullein flowers - Corolla Verbasci is the official raw material in France, Germany, Switzerland, Austria and Poland. In addition to high mullein, flowers from other types of mullein are also used in medicine, in particular mullein officinalis Verbascum phlomoides, common mullein - Verbascum thapsus L. And beautiful mullein - Verbascum speciosum Schrad. All of the above types of mullein are common in Ukraine, the southwestern regions of Russia and Central Asia. Raw materials from the above types are official in Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and some other countries Central Asia.
The corollas of flowers with stamens are harvested in July-August, when the main part of the inflorescence blooms. Each mullein flower blooms for only one day; in the morning the flower blooms, and in the evening it fades or falls off. Blooming flowers are collected in the first half of the day, when the dew has dried. collected flowers quickly dry in attics with good ventilation, laying out in a thin layer on paper, stirring daily and transferring with clean, dry paper. You can dry mullein flowers in drying ovens at a temperature of 40-50 ° C, spreading them in a thin layer on a sieve, on cloth or paper. Drying is completed when the whisks become brittle and grind into powder.
Collected in damp weather or at dusk, flowers quickly turn brown and lose their marketable appearance and medicinal properties.
Chemical composition and biologically active substances
Various types of plants of the genus Verbascum contain a wide range of biologically active substances, such as iridoid glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, coumarins, steroidal and triterpene saponins and other compounds. Of these groups, iridoids are of greatest interest to scientists, primarily as an important chemotaxonomic factor in plants of the mullein genus. Often, plants of this genus contain iridoids such as aucubin, catalpol, harpagide, and their derivatives.
Currently, in more than 22 species of plants of the genus Verbascum Up to 30 iridoid glycosides have been identified, belonging to the subgroups of aucubin, catalpol and harpagide.
Qualitative reactions and chromatographic methods for analyzing fractions from a water-alcohol extract of high mullein - Verbascum thapsus L., it has been established that the predominant groups of biologically active substances in this raw material, in addition to iridoids, are polysaccharides, phenolic compounds (flavonoids and phenolcarboxylic acids), and tannins.
It should be noted that mullein flowers are a source of mucous polysaccharides, the quantitative content of which reaches up to 3%.
Up to 11 fatty acids have been identified in the fatty oils of mullein seeds. Among fatty acids, the dominant ones are unsaturated acids such as linoleic and linolenic acids. The total content of unsaturated fatty acids is within the range of 88-90% of the total amount of fatty acids.
Pharmacological properties
In the pharmacological aspect, mullein flowers have, first of all, anti-inflammatory, enveloping, expectorant and softening effects.
Polish scientists, in experiments on mice, found that 10% decoctions from the inflorescences of the wonder have a calming and mild hypnotic effect, and their effect was not inferior to a similar decoction made from such well-known raw materials as lemon balm leaves, hop fruits, valerian rhizomes, due to than it is recommended to use mullein flowers as a source for obtaining ( Kudrzycka-Bielosсabska et al, 1965).
Alcohol-water extracts of Verbascum phlomoides and Verbascum formanekii in the experiment short-term reduced blood pressure by 20%. Ethanol extracts of Verbascum longifolium and Verbascum anisophyllum have a 20-30% increase in blood flow. At the same time, a pronounced myotropic vasodilator effect was established in the Verbascum anisophyllum extract ( Ninova P., Krushkov I. et al, 1981).
A 1% solution of mullein alcohol-water extract has antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. However, with increasing bacterial concentration, the antimicrobial effect of this extract decreased. It has been established that an alcoholic extract of mullein at a concentration of 1:100 inhibits the growth of Staph. aureus 209 and B. coli. ( Kh. M. Nasyrov et al.)
The aqueous extract experimentally showed antiviral activity against the virus (Sladowska et al, 1987). Behind last years It has been established that a decoction of mullein flowers has an antiviral effect against influenza strains of influenza A and B.
Toxicology, side effects and contraindications for use
Some species of mullein have been found to have an intoxicating effect on fish (ichthyotoxicity), including species such as medicinal mullein, black mullein, common mullein, and mealy mullein.
The toxicological properties of mullein products in warm-blooded animals have not been studied, but it is advisable to note that mullein can cause poisoning in animals, since livestock do not graze on mullein.
Use of mullein in clinical settings
Mullein preparations have been little studied in clinical settings. Polish clinicians recommend taking a 10% decoction of mullein flowers with the addition of honey before bed as a sedative to reduce the excitability of the cerebral cortex ( Kudrzycka-Bieloscabska et al, 1967).
Mullein is also used in homeopathy. Verbascum was introduced into homeopathy by Hahnemann in 1821; he placed the results of clinical trials of this account in the VI volume of pure medicine. Currently, in homeopathy, Verbascum is used for the following clinical symptoms: neuralgic pain in the form of flares in the cheekbones, numbness of the big toes, neuralgic pain in the left tibia joint, shooting and pain in the ears, muscle cramps, severe runny nose, deep, rough cough and whooping cough, bedwetting and frequent urination (Vavilova M., 1994).
Mullein flowers are also widely used in veterinary medicine. Thus, an infusion of flowers in Bulgarian veterinary medicine is prescribed for bronchial catarrh, gastrointestinal diseases of cattle, horses, dogs, cats and poultry ( Gakhniyan G., Asenov I., 1988).
Biologically active additives
Dopelhertz melissa(Dopelherz, Germany). Tablets containing flowers of Mullein densely flowered. It has mucolytic, analgesic and expectorant effects.
History of use in medicine, use in folk medicine
Mullein has been known as a medicinal plant since ancient times. It was used by Hippocrates. The medieval Arab thinker Abu Ali Ibn Sina recommended using Dzungarian mullein to treat various diseases. In particular, Avicenna recommended a decoction of flowers for the treatment of tumors, and a decoction of the aerial parts (herbs) for muscle ruptures, for the treatment of chronic cough, for inflammation of the eyes and for relieving toothache. Avicenna recommended applying medicinal dressings made from powdered mullein flowers and mixed with honey to treat skin wounds and ulcers. The Polish medieval herbalist Martina Sennik (16th century) pointed out that vodka infused with the flowers of the wonder can protect against spells and. Herbalist Martina Sennik recommended using a decoction of the roots for diarrhea, and also rinsing the mouth for toothache. Powder from the dried roots was taken for worms, and fresh juice from the plant was recommended to be rubbed into the skin to eliminate warts.
Another Polish herbalist, published in 1611 by the doctor of medicine and botanist Simon Sirenski or Sireniusz (1541-1611), indicates that the roots in powder form, boiled in water or infused with vodka, help with diarrhea, and also have the ability to expel worms. Root powder helps with tooth pain. In addition, for pain in the teeth and gums, this herbalist recommends keeping fresh mullein roots heated until warm in the mouth. Polish medieval herbalists recommended using freshly squeezed juice from the mullein stem to treat bronchitis and inflammation of the respiratory tract. The juice was also recommended to lubricate warts. It was recommended to instill and wash the eyes with a freshly prepared decoction of mullein flowers and leaves for conjunctivitis.
In addition to high mullein, other species of this genus were also used in folk medicine in certain regions of Russia. In particular, bear's ear mullein - Verbascum thapsus L.- in folk medicine of Russian Siberia it is known as. A decoction of leaves and roots from this plant is used for chronic cystitis, as well as for suffocation, bronchial asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, catarrh of the stomach and intestines, diseases of the liver and spleen, rheumatism, headaches and other diseases. Mullein is included in mixtures used for baths for rickets and scrofula. Compresses are made from a decoction of the leaves in milk to treat abscesses, ulcers, purulent wounds, hemorrhoids and lichens. Powder from the dried herb is sprinkled on cracks in the skin and soles of the feet, as well as on wounds that have not healed for a long time.
B. M. Zuzuk, R. V. Kutsik, Ivano-Frankivsk State Medical University
M. R. Gritsina, J. M. Berko, Lviv State Veterinary Academy
Based on materials from the magazine "Provisor", issue No. 6-7 for 2008
Photos and illustrations
Mullein or verbascum - herbaceous plant open ground, which can be found both in the wild and in well-groomed home flower beds. This unpretentious, stately beauty is noticeable everywhere thanks to its high growth and bright spike-shaped inflorescences. Its flowers do not last long, but their buds open alternately, which creates the impression of continuous flowering. In terms of the number of popular names, it has few equals - this is the ataman-grass, and the cloth whip, and the golden flower, and the royal scepter (candle), and the archer, and the bear's (wolf's, deer's) ear. In addition to its spectacular appearance, the mullein plant also has outstanding medicinal properties, so it is also grown and collected for medicinal purposes. Universal flower It’s easy to grow on your own plot, and for a novice gardener it’s just a godsend.
general description
The plant belongs to the Norichnikov family and has about 300 varieties. Among them there are biennials, perennials, and even rare representatives of the same year of life. Sometimes they are not similar to each other even in appearance. Mullein is native to the Mediterranean and some regions of temperate subtropics in Asia. Its single species grow in mid-latitudes, but they are found everywhere in meadows and sunny forest edges. Domestic varieties are more similar in structure. The flowering stem is tall, straight, sometimes branched, in some hybrid varieties it can reach 2-3 m in height (usually about 1 m) and the same taproot, very strong rhizome. A dense rosette of pubescent leaves forms at the very base. The shoots of most varieties are also covered with thick pile.
The buds on the peduncle are arranged in tiers, their size decreasing in height. The flowers open alternately throughout the summer. By autumn, spherical and oblong seed pods with small seeds are formed. The mullein plant is widely used in folk medicine.
The verbascum flower lives so short that, having bloomed in the morning, it can close and fall off by night. But the next day a new one will bloom in its place.
Types of mullein with photos
Not all varieties of verbascum have a decorative appearance, but personal plots Only some of its forms are planted. This is mainly the result of selective crossing, hybrids with more striking external characteristics.
Scepter-shaped mullein (dense-flowered)
Large, up to 5 cm in diameter, five-petal inflorescences are bright yellow and irregular in shape. They are located tightly on the stem, the length of which can reach 2 m. The leaves are oval, tapering towards the top. The aroma is not strong, pleasant, when dried it intensifies and acquires a honey tint.
Common (bear ear)
A heavily pubescent variety covered with silvery hair. The spike-shaped inflorescence is short and cone-shaped, like the entire shape of this variety. The foliage is dark green, gradually becoming smaller and covering almost the entire stem. The flowers are small, no more than 2 cm.
Paniculate
Biennial. Grows in dry places - on slopes, high meadows, along roads. But in places with colder climates it prefers to settle along river banks. It has serrated leaves and blooms in June-July. Stem height up to 130 cm.
Black
The foliage of this variety is located only in the lower third. The inflorescence is long, yellow, the petals at the base are darker brown, the stamens have purple pubescence. The height of the stem usually does not exceed 1 m. The ovoid or heart-shaped leaves are interspersed with buds, which distinguishes this variety of mullein from others.
Drug
It has a densely leafy stem up to 1.5 m tall, crowned with a long branched spike-shaped peduncle. All parts of the flower are covered with thick pile. The leaves are oval, long, with a blunt ending. The anthers are red. The name mullein is often used to denote varieties, referring to the medicinal properties of the plant.
Hybrid
The most decorative group, which includes many varieties with flowers painted in different palettes. There are both dwarf varieties and large varieties that grow more than 2 m.
The most popular varieties:
- Herry Helen - produces bright pink buds up to 10 cm in diameter.
- Mont Blanc is large-sized with large and expressive snow-white flowers and silvery leaves.
- Jackie is a dwarf hybrid, not exceeding 45 cm. The buds are a muted smoky pink color.
- Pink Domino - characterized by spectacular flowering in orange-crimson tones.
Planting and care
Mullein is a very unpretentious plant, so growing it should not cause difficulties, and errors should not cause irreparable problems.
The soil
This crop does not like soils that are too nutritious and rich in humus and may even die on them by the end of the first season. However, the soil for garden specimens should be loose and fairly light. To do this, garden soil is mixed with sand and peat and a little fine gravel is added to it. Clay areas should be avoided.
Illumination
Verbascum feels good in partial shade, although it loves light. In hot areas, it is better for him to find a place that is not exposed to the sun all day long. In complete shade, it will also not die from lack of light, but it will develop poorly and will not produce active flowering.
Watering
In summer with regular rainfall, watering is not required. In dry weather, verbascum is watered, but not abundantly, and only after the soil has dried well. The powerful taproot is capable of extracting moisture from great depths. If you allow moisture to stagnate, the flower may die.
Weeding, mulching
Neighborhood with a large number of weeds worsens health and total water plants, although not critical. But because of them, the decorative quality of the site and the quality of medicinal raw materials suffer, if the crop is grown for the purpose of harvesting it. Therefore, it is better to carry out weeding in a timely manner, especially at the beginning of flowering, when the vegetation in the area is actively growing. Weeding can be replaced by mulching and, partially, loosening the soil. Pine bark, wood chips, and small pebbles are suitable for mulch; in addition, it improves the aesthetics of planting.
Top dressing
The unpretentiousness of mullein also extends to its demands on fertilizers - it needs very little of them. The nutritional value that is in the soil at the time of planting lasts for a long time, and sometimes forever. On poor soils, you can limit yourself to a single application of a mineral complex or organic matter in a small amount to the root circle. It is best to do this before flowering.
Wintering
winter different types this culture is experienced in different ways. Varieties close to wild-growing ones do not need shelter. Hybrid varieties may not survive severe frosts. It is enough to sprinkle their rhizome with a layer of sawdust, peat, fallen leaves or spruce branches. Even ordinary branches will help hold back the snow and provide the necessary shelter.
Trimming
After flowering has ended, the stem needs to be cut off. This will extend the life of the plant. It is also recommended to regularly collect wilted inflorescences so that they save strength and make room for new buds. If there is no goal to collect seeds, you need to cut off the peduncle immediately, without waiting for the seed pods to ripen. In this case, the plant can live longer than two years, and hybrid varieties can bloom again in the same year.
Collection and storage of seeds
To collect the seeds, one or more strong flower stalks are left uncut. After the capsules have ripened and the petals and valves have completely dried, they are removed by selecting the seeds and laying them out to dry in the sun. To avoid being blown away by the wind, it is best to place them on the windowsill at home. After drying, they are placed in a paper bag or canvas bag and stored in a dry room.
Seeds
Growing mullein from seeds is a simple process. Sowing is carried out using the seedless method directly in open ground when the soil is well warmed up (May-June). Scatter them over dug up, well-moistened and compacted soil in a chaotic manner, sprinkling them with a small layer of earth on top. The seedlings must be thinned out, leaving a distance of at least 20 cm between the sprouts. The first month they are characterized by very slow growth, this should not cause concern. In the future, the growth rate will increase.
In the first summer, the young plant forms a basal leaf rosette, flowering when seed method at proper care you can wait for the second year after planting.
When sowing seeds, they should not be buried too deep, otherwise seedlings may not appear.
Dividing rhizomes
For division, rhizomes with shoots of the first year are selected, which are dug up after flowering in early or even mid-autumn. Separate them with a sharp knife, preserving the shoots with part of the root on each part, processing the sections wood ash or activated carbon. For rooting, parts of the rhizome are laid out horizontally in a sandy substrate, after which they are covered with a small layer of sand, and then with the substrate. The divisions should take root and produce small new sprouts even before the onset of cold weather, but replant them on permanent place must be postponed until spring.
Self-seeding
The plant has a tendency to self-sow. If you do not remove the flower stalks before the seeds ripen and allow them to ripen and fall off quietly, then propagating the crop will not require any effort - all the work will be done by wind and rain. But this method has its drawbacks. New plants will sprout anywhere, will be less decorative and are unlikely to exactly repeat the characteristics of their parents. As a result, a complete degeneration of the culture may occur in a few years.
Transfer
Despite the fact that the plant is completely unpretentious, replanting is painful for it due to the long taproot. Therefore, it is better to immediately put it in a permanent place and not touch it again. If necessary, transfer specimens by digging up the roots as deeply as possible.
Medicinal properties of mullein
In folk medicine, all parts of the plant are used - rhizome with roots, shoots, leaves, but the flowers are of the greatest value in this regard. List of them healing properties is very extensive and depends both on the plant variety and on the method of application. It contains tannins, mucus, flavonoids, essential oils, and entire complexes of mineral and vitamin substances. The raw material is used in alcohol tinctures, water and milk decoctions, oils, water infusions as an expectorant, enveloping, diaphoretic, hemostatic, antimicrobial agent.
It is also used against burns, arthritis, inflammation, diseases of the gums and oral cavity, herpes, warts, housing and communal services diseases, and tuberculosis. The list is far from complete.
If you boil fresh mullein leaves in milk and apply it to the wound, it will heal faster. A fresh flower applied to the bruise site will prevent the formation of a bruise.
It is amazing! Plant seeds thrown into water have a soporific effect on fish. So far this phenomenon has not been explained.
Procurement of medicinal raw materials
It is very important to follow the rules for collecting and drying medicinal raw materials. If during storage the yellow tint of the flowers changes to gray-brown, most of the beneficial properties of mullein can be considered lost. Flowers are collected in the morning, at 8-9 o'clock, when the sun has not yet reached full strength, but has already dried the dew. Neither rainy nor cloudy weather is suitable for collecting raw materials. Even yesterday's rain can cause excess moisture which will lead to its rotting.
Drying is done in a well-ventilated place, after which the product is stored in a glass container with a ground-in lid. Paper and fabric are not suitable for this, since dried raw materials tend to absorb moisture from the air and deteriorate. Only the corollas and stamens of flowers are collected, leaving the calyxes, because they degrade the quality of collection.
It should be borne in mind that the yield of the finished medicinal product is very low, no more than 10% of the weight of the collected material.
Mullein is a stately plant from the Norichinaceae family. Its homeland is the Mediterranean, USA and East Asia. The plant is also known by its Latin name - verbascum, but in our country it is not used so often. Attracts mullein abundant flowering. The tops of its stems are completely hidden under bright, fragrant flowers. Not a single passerby can pass by without admiring the yellow, pink or snow-white inflorescences. Bright flowers attract birds and beneficial insects, so the garden will be filled with chirping and buzzing from early morning. Mullein is completely unpretentious in care, and its beautiful flowers not only please the eye, but also help improve health.
Botanical description
Mullein is a biennial or perennial plant, although annuals are also found in nature. It has a strong taproot and an erect, almost unbranched stem 0.5-3 m high. At the base there is a rather dense rosette of basal leaves. The lower leaves have petioles half the length of the leaf blade. Sessile foliage is located higher up the stem. It is attached oppositely or in a spiral. The leaves have a single oval or heart-shaped leaf blade. Their entire surface, as well as shoots and flowers, is densely covered with felt pile. The shoots and foliage are dark green or gray-green.
From the second year of life, a long stem develops above the leaf rosette, which is topped with an inflorescence. A flowering spike consists of several tiers of buds. At the bottom there are bunches of 4-7 corollas, and at the top there is a bunch of 1-4 smaller flowers. The diameter of the corolla is about 2 cm. It consists of yellow drooping petals and has a tubular or funnel-shaped shape. Under the fluffy, wide-open petals are hidden 5 stamens, varying in size and shape. Flowering continues throughout the summer.
After pollination, a small oblong seed pod matures. It is also densely pubescent. Inside there are small oblong seeds. Their rough surface is yellow-brown.
Types of mullein
The mullein genus is very diverse, with more than 250 plant species recorded in it. Only a few are found on Russian territory. They are adapted to climatic conditions and also have excellent healing properties.
Scepter-shaped mullein (dense-flowered). The plant is 20-120 cm tall and has a thick, straight stem that is densely covered with foliage. The lower oval leaves reach 10-40 cm in length, and the size of the upper ones is only 4-10 cm. The long spike-shaped inflorescence is dotted with bunches yellow flowers. The variety got its name for the resemblance of the inflorescence to the golden royal scepter. The diameter of each corolla is 3.5-5 cm. Fresh flowers have a subtle, pleasant aroma, while dried flowers have a richer honey smell.
Common mullein (bear's ear). All parts of the plant are densely covered with long silvery hair. Dark green foliage is located almost along the entire length of the shoot and only the very top is crowned by a short spike-shaped inflorescence. The lower petiolar leaves are 15-30 cm in length. Their size gradually decreases upward. Due to the gradually smaller leaves, the plant resembles a cone from a distance. The inflorescence consists of many small flowers up to 2 cm in diameter.
The plant is 50-120 cm high and has erect stems. Large foliage is located only at the lower third of the shoot. The lower petiolate leaves are ovate or heart-shaped. They are 20 cm long. The long inflorescence is covered with bunches of small yellow flowers. There are brown spots at the base of the petals, and the columns of stamens are decorated with purple fibers.
Stems 0.5-1.5 m high are densely covered with foliage. At the top there is a long inflorescence, which sometimes branches into several shoots. All parts of the plant are covered with thick felt pile. Oval leaves with a blunt edge are 15-25 cm long. Flowers with soft, long petals are collected in groups along the entire length of the inflorescence. Their diameter is 3.5-5.5 cm. The anthers are colored red.
This decorative variety was obtained through interspecific crossing. Its advantage is its large flowers of a wide variety of colors. The height of the shoots depends on the variety and can be less than 50 cm or almost 1.8 m. Popular varieties:
- Mont Blanc is a tall plant with large snow-white flowers;
- Herry Helen - the inflorescence consists of large (up to 10 cm in diameter) bright pink flowers;
- Jackie – dwarf variety up to 45 cm high, covered with smoky pink flowers;
- Pink Domino - orange stains are visible on large crimson flowers.
Reproduction methods
Mullein can be propagated by sowing seeds or rooting cuttings. The seeds remain viable for a long time and are resistant to frost, so they can be sown immediately in open ground. The plant also often self-sows. Due to the taproot, which goes deep into the soil, it is not worth replanting mullein. Therefore, sowing seedlings is not practical. In open ground, seeds are sown immediately in a permanent place. This is done in mid-May or later, when the average daily temperature reaches +13...+18°C. Shoots appear in 1-2 weeks. In the first month, seedlings grow very slowly. Later they develop quite quickly and do not require much care. Flowering is expected in the second year of life. It should be remembered that mullein is easily pollinated, so seedlings can be very different from the mother plants.
Cuttings help preserve varietal characteristics. Cuttings should be cut after the end of the flowering period (August-September), then the likelihood of successful rooting will be much greater. The main plant with root shoots is dug up and freed from the ground. The root is cut into several parts with buds or small shoots. The length of each rhizome should be at least 5-7 cm. The cuttings are laid horizontally in prepared holes. First, they are covered with a layer of sand 5 mm thick, and on top with earth to a height of 15-20 mm. A distance of 40 cm must be maintained between seedlings.
Rules of care
Mullein is an unpretentious and easy plant. Even a beginner can take care of it. For normal development, the plant needs an open sunny place. Minor shading is allowed, but with a significant deficiency sunlight the plant will develop worse.
The soil for planting should be loose and light. A sufficient amount of sand, gravel and peat should be added to clay soil. It is better if the land has moderate fertility. Then mullein can grow on it for several years. But on nutrient soils it develops worse and often dies at the end of the season.
Mullein only needs watering in dry weather. A small amount of water is enough. The soil should dry out well between irrigations. For a root that goes deep enough into the ground, nourish groundwater it won't be a problem. But frequent and prolonged stagnation of moisture in the soil will certainly lead to rotting of the roots and death of the plant.
Mullein rarely needs feeding. One fertilizer with a mineral complex during the flowering period is enough. If the soils are fertile, then they can do without fertilizing at all.
In order for mullein to live longer than two years, it is recommended to cut off the inflorescence before the seeds ripen. Hybrid varieties After pruning, they are able to bloom again the same year.
Use in the garden
Tall plants with such large and beautiful flowers will not go unnoticed in the garden. Especially when it comes to decorative varieties With different colors petals. Throughout the summer, mullein will attract insects and birds. It begins to bloom when the primroses have already faded and the later perennials have not yet formed buds. Thus, mullein fills the pause in flowering. It is important to choose the right neighbors so that the flower garden looks harmonious. They can be orchis, catnip, salvia, anafalis, sage.
Thickets of mullein are also used as a background in the background of a flower bed. It can be planted in small groups in the middle of the lawn, in rockeries or along paths.
Medicinal properties of the plant
Many varieties of mullein are used in folk medicine. Its flowers, roots and shoots are rich in tannins, vitamins, mucilages, essential oils, flavonoids. Oils, alcohol tinctures and decoctions from various parts of the plant are used as an anti-inflammatory, expectorant, hemostatic and antimicrobial agent.
Flower decoctions are used to thin thick mucus in the bronchi and lungs. The fresh juice is rubbed on warts to get rid of them. Compresses and masks based on decoction help fight acne. Alcohol and water tinctures are taken for cystitis, bronchial asthma, hypertension, colds, and rheumatism. Mullein is widely used for hemorrhoids, lichen, tuberculosis, as well as diseases of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. To prevent infection from getting into wounds, burned tissues or cracks on the feet, they are sprinkled with dry mullein powder.
Medicinal raw materials are harvested during the flowering period. It is important to remember that each flower lives only one day and fades by evening. Whole corollas are collected in the first half of the day. They are dried under a canopy or in drying ovens at temperatures up to 50°C. Completely dry raw materials are stored in fabric or paper bags for two years.
Mullein has no contraindications, but it should be taken with caution by people prone to allergies. All drugs must be carefully filtered through several layers of fabric. Even a small amount of villi causes severe irritation of the stomach and mucous membranes.
Mullein has been known since ancient times as a medicinal plant used in folk and traditional medicine. It is also known as verbascum or royal scepter.
The plant was first mentioned in the medical works of the ancient Greek scientist and physician Hippocrates; later the medicinal properties of mullein were studied by Avicenna and Simon Sirensky. Ancient healers used the plant to combat many ailments, such as toothache, tumors, coughs, colds, conjunctivitis and whooping cough.
The plant belongs to the Norichnikov family, which has more than 100 species. Verbascum is widespread throughout Asia and Europe, but feels best in the mild maritime climate of the Black and Mediterranean seas. This is a biennial herbaceous plant, less often perennial or annual, up to 3 m high and higher.
Wide, hairy leaves are attached to a strong rod-shaped stem. Mullein by appearance resembles a spruce, that is, the structure of the plant is pyramidal, with a brush-shaped inflorescence on the top of the head. Blooms from May to August. The flowers are yellow, orange, purple, blue, red and white.
Many types of verbascum are also common in temperate climates in Europe. The plant prefers to settle on rocky or sandy slopes of mountains and hills, next to the road, in the steppes or in dry meadows. Finding it is quite simple, since mullein is unpretentious to conditions and climate changes. In our country you can find the following types of mullein:
- Scepter-shaped;
- Black;
- Paniculate;
- Olympic;
- Violet;
- Drug;
- Bear ear.
They all have similar chemical composition and beneficial properties.
Medicinal properties
First of all, you should pay attention to the rich chemical composition plants, which include:
The composition determines many medicinal properties of the plant:
- diaphoretic;
- wound healing;
- diuretic;
- astringent;
- painkiller;
- soothing;
- anti-inflammatory;
- bactericidal;
- hypotensive (lowers blood pressure);
- anticonvulsant;
- expectorant;
- antitumor;
- immunomodulating;
- choleretic.
Indications for use
Medicines based on mullein are indicated for the following diseases:
- hypertension;
- angina;
- whooping cough;
- cold;
- bronchitis;
- tuberculosis;
- convulsions;
- gastrointestinal diseases;
- asthma;
- headache.
The plant strengthens the immune system well, which is a means of preventing any infectious diseases. In addition, it is used to disinfect and accelerate wound healing. It is especially worth highlighting the expectorant abilities of mullein, which helps with any type of cough. It has also been noted that this plant has antioxidant properties, that is, it prevents the formation of malignant tumors and helps in the treatment of oncology in the early stages.
Harm and contraindications
On this moment no known contraindications or possible harm from consuming the plant. It is allowed for use even by pregnant and nursing mothers, as well as young children. The only thing that may occur is an allergic reaction to one of the components in the composition in individual cases. You should also follow the recommended dosage and courses of treatment with verbascum-based drugs.
Important! The leaves, stem and flowers of the plant are absolutely harmless, but the seeds contain many toxic substances, so their use inside is strictly prohibited!
Dosage forms
All parts of the plant are used in the manufacture of medicines: stem, leaves, flowers and roots. The following dosage forms are prepared from them:
- infusion;
- decoction;
- alcohol tincture;
- oil;
- ointment;
- pills.
Pharmacies usually sell the dried plant, sometimes tablets, so you will have to prepare the medicine yourself at home.
Instructions for use
Let's look at the basic recipes and methods for preparing mullein-based medicines:
Interesting! In the USA, mullein is called " toilet paper cowboy" due to the abrasive effect of the plant's fuzzy leaves.
Mullein is a very useful medicinal plant against many ailments. The main thing is to follow the dosage and course of treatment. Verbascum will relieve colds, stop bleeding, cure infections and improve digestion. This good remedy strengthening the immune system and preventing malignant tumors.
Thank you
A plant called mullein has found wide use in both traditional and folk medicine due to its wide range of medicinal properties that allow the treatment of whooping cough and colds, hemorrhoids and gastrointestinal diseases, rheumatism, cystitis and arthritis. We'll talk about what types of mullein are used in folk medicine, what medicinal properties this plant has and what contraindications it has - in this article.
Description of the mullein plant (verbascum)
The verbascum (mullein) plant is highly valued in folk medicine, used to treat colds, bronchitis, asthma, emphysema, skin and heart diseases. This plant is also widely used in the treatment of diseases of the stomach, kidneys, liver and spleen.The following types of mullein are used in medical practice:
1.
Royal scepter.
2.
Scepter-shaped.
3.
Bear ear.
4.
Drug.
5.
Violet.
6.
Paniculate.
7.
Black.
8.
Olympic.
Mullein royal scepter
This type of mullein (together with medicinal, ordinary and scepter-shaped mullein) is most often used in folk medicine. It has small flowers (up to 15 mm in diameter), which completely cover the stem with their buds. Unlike the scepter-shaped mullein, the royal scepter reaches one and a half meters in length. Moreover, the length of its inflorescences can be one meter.The growth area of the royal scepter is sandy soils, roadsides, forest areas, courtyards, parks and gardens.
Action:
- relieving pain syndromes of various origins;
- elimination of inflammatory processes;
- treatment of bruises and difficult-to-heal wounds.
- cough;
- bronchial asthma;
- inflammation of various etiologies;
- jaundice;
- gingivitis;
- gastrointestinal diseases.
Scepter-shaped mullein (dense-flowered)
Scepter-shaped mullein is distinguished by large five-petaled flowers of bright yellow color irregular shape, the diameter of which reaches up to 50 mm. The length of the densely flowered mullein exceeds 2 meters. Flowers and buds, like those of the royal scepter, are located on the stem very tightly to each other, forming small gaps. The growing area is similar to the mullein species discussed above. Properties of mullein scepter:
- expectorant;
- diuretic;
- diaphoretic;
- emollient;
- anti-inflammatory.
- bronchitis;
- cough;
- inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract;
- tuberculosis;
- pneumonia;
- diseases of the liver and spleen;
Bear's ear mullein (common)
This type of mullein is different from the rest small in size corolla and the presence of two lower stamens. Bear's ear grows on sandy slopes or in forest clearings. Properties of common mullein:
- expectorant;
- emollient;
- enveloping;
- anti-inflammatory;
- pain reliever;
- diuretic;
- wound healing;
- anticonvulsant.
Taking mullein preparations is indicated for the following pathologies:
- cough;
- hemoptysis;
- bronchitis;
- asthma;
- pneumonia;
- rhinitis accompanied by lacrimation;
- tuberculosis;
- chronic cystitis;
- rheumatism;
Mullein officinalis
This biennial plant, the height of which does not exceed 1 m. It has white-tomentose leaves and light yellow flowers, which are collected in brushes resembling spikelets. It grows in uncultivated lands, along slopes and on hills. In folk medicine, mullein is taken for the following pathologies:
- nervous disorders;
- rickets;
- scrofula;
- diseases of the liver and spleen;
- catarrh of the upper respiratory tract;
- nervous fatigue;
- physical exhaustion;
- haemorrhoids;
- burns;
- arthritis;
- rheumatism.
Purple mullein
Represents perennial, distinguished by pale purple flowers and an erect stem, which can be either multi-leaved or completely leafless. The flowers of this type of mullein form sparse, simple clusters. Action of violet mullein:
1.
Increased blood pressure.
2.
Stimulation of cardiac activity, namely increasing the amplitude of heart contractions and enhancing its bioelectrical activity.
3.
Stimulation motor activity intestines.
Paniculata mullein
This type of mullein has an erect stem up to 130 cm high. In addition, paniculate mullein has serrated leaves. Grows on hillsides or dry meadows.Paniculata mullein is used for the following pathologies:
- gynecological diseases of inflammatory origin;
- bronchitis;
- dyspnea;
- arthritis;
- whooping cough;
- hemoptysis;
- neuralgic pain;
- hoarseness of voice;
- haemorrhoids;
Black mullein
It has a spindle-shaped root and an exceptionally erect stem that does not exceed one meter in height. This plant is distinguished by alternate leaves and flowers, which are collected in rather unusual bunches. Mainly in medicinal purposes Only black mullein flowers, which have a sweetish odor, are used. Decoctions and tinctures are prepared from the petals and are intended to treat diseases of the upper respiratory tract.
Collection and storage
Mullein blooms from June to August, while the seeds ripen from August to October. The flowers of the plant are collected only in dry and sunny weather, and in the late morning (it is important that the dew subsides, since wet corollas darken during drying and lose their medicinal properties).It should be noted that the collection of raw materials is carried out every day, since each plant blooms only for one day. At the same time, the collection of raw materials from each individual plant is possible over a period of months.
Important! For best quality medicinal raw materials, it is necessary to ensure that flower calyxes do not get into it.
Mullein is dried in the shade (under a canopy) or in dryers at a temperature of 50 degrees, spread out in a thin layer. The possibility of drying raw materials indoors is not excluded, but provided that the room is well ventilated. But it is impossible to dry raw materials in the sun, since it loses its natural color, and, consequently, its healing properties.
Immediately after drying, mullein flowers are placed in a tightly closed glass container (a hermetically sealed tin container can be used to store raw materials), while the leaves and stems of the plant can be stored in paper bags or boxes.
The shelf life of raw materials is no more than two years.
Important! Mullein flowers provide an extremely low yield of finished raw materials: so, to obtain 1 kg of dry medicinal product, it is necessary to collect and dry 8 kg of fresh flowers.
Treatment with mullein
Mullein is a component of many antitussive and expectorant preparations indicated in the treatment of colds, flu, bronchitis, and whooping cough. This plant, which has an anti-inflammatory effect, is widely used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa, throat, stomach and urinary tract.
Mullein effectively fights bruises: thus, by applying a fresh flower of the plant to the site of a bruise, you can not only relieve pain, but also prevent the appearance of a bruise. If it was not possible to avoid the formation of a bruise, then under the influence of mullein it will resolve in two to three hours.
Important! When using dried plant flowers, which are soaked in a small amount of water to prepare a compress, it is necessary to remove from the flower, without exception, all stamens, the hairs of which can cause skin irritations, before using the raw material.
This plant is used as compresses, rubs, ointments and powder in the treatment of the following diseases:
- arthritis;
- gout;
- rheumatism;
- inflammation of the facial nerve;
- haemorrhoids;
- cracked nipples of the mammary glands in nursing mothers;
- ulcers;
- purulent wounds;
- burns;
Mullein grass
Homeopaths use fresh mullein herb as an antitussive.Also, herbs (infusions, decoctions, tinctures) are used for:
- vitiligo (to eliminate depigmented spots);
- psoriasis;
- dystrophy;
- atherosclerosis;
- nervous disorders.
Flowers
Mullein flowers are included in numerous breast teas, indicated in the treatment of respiratory diseases, pneumonia and emphysema.Mullein flowers are widely used in folk medicine as an enveloping agent. In addition, they are distinguished by anti-inflammatory and softening properties, therefore they are used for catarrh of the upper respiratory tract, accompanied by cough.
Action of mullein preparations:
- mitigation of catarrhal phenomena on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity;
- relieving the inflammatory process;
- protection of the mucous membrane from irritating factors;
- eliminating pain at application sites;
- reduction of painful reflexes, spasms and tissue swelling.
Leaves
In folk medicine, decoctions of the leaves are taken as a diuretic and anti-inflammatory agent for:1. Edema.
2. Kidney stone disease.
3. Inflammatory processes localized in the bladder.
Fresh leaves of the plant help heal wounds, ulcers, and boils.
Mullein leaf baths are indicated for diseases such as rickets and scrofula.
Seeds
Mullein seeds are used in the treatment of putrefactive wounds and ulcers. Wound-healing powders and ointments are prepared from the seeds.Composition and properties of mullein
Slime
The mucus contained in mullein has enveloping, expectorant and anti-inflammatory properties, which ensures the removal of sputum.Glucose
This substance is not only a source of energy for humans, but also normalizes metabolic processes, which ensures the full functioning of all organs and systems of the body.Saponins
They dilute sputum and remove mucus from the bronchopulmonary system. In addition, saponins prevent DNA synthesis directly in tumor cells, thereby preventing them from multiplying.Properties of saponins:
- expectorant;
- antisclerotic;
- diuretic;
- sedative;
- antiulcer.
Flavonoids
Action of flavonoids:- inhibition of enzymes that negatively affect the formation of cartilage tissue;
- strengthening capillaries and vascular walls;
- improving the elasticity of the walls of blood vessels;
- neutralization of free radicals;
- normalization of the central nervous system.
Essential oils
Action of essential oils:- normalization of the cardiovascular system;
- cough mitigation;
- increased mucus separation;
- improvement of motor and secretory functions of the gastrointestinal tract.
Gum
Properties:- normalization of the gastrointestinal tract;
- stabilization of the gastrointestinal microflora;
- lowering blood cholesterol levels;
- removal of toxins.
Coumarins
The main property of this substance is to reduce blood clotting, due to which the drugs plant origin, which contain coumarins, are prescribed to people prone to blood clots, strokes, and heart attacks. Coumarins act on the body as an antiseptic, astringent and diuretic.Carotene
It is a natural immunostimulant that increases the body's defenses. Carotene also belongs to the class of antioxidants that protect the human body from negative impact free radicals.Iridoids
Substances with the following properties:- antioxidant;
- choleretic;
- hypoglycemic;
- painkiller;
- anti-inflammatory;
- antimutagenic;
- antispasmodic;
- antitumor;
- antiviral;
- immunomodulatory.
Organic acids
Properties:- anti-inflammatory;
- astringent;
- antiseptic;
- antifungal;
- expectorant.
Tannins
This class of substances, forming protective film during changes in cell protein, it has anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, bacteriostatic and astringent properties.Vitamin C
Performs the following essential functions in the human body: - restores the full functioning of the central nervous system;
- stimulates the functioning of the endocrine system;
- helps improve the process of iron absorption;
- activates the process of hematopoiesis.
Tannin
It has astringent, anti-inflammatory and disinfectant properties, therefore it is used in the treatment of such diseases:- pharyngitis;
- weeping ulcers;
- burns;
- bedsores;
- poisoning with alkaloids and metals.
Alkaloids
They act on the body as an analgesic, hemostatic and sedative. In addition, alkaloids lower blood pressure.Ash
Ash has anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, disinfectant and wound-healing effects. This substance also slows down the process of blood clotting and dissolves intravascular blood clots, which has found application in the treatment of arterial and venous thrombosis.Macronutrients
Potassium- normalizes metabolism;
- normalizes water balance;
- eliminates swelling;
- strengthens the heart muscle;
- normalizes blood pressure;
- eliminates spasms;
- removes toxins;
- prevents the occurrence of atherosclerosis.
- participates in the formation of bone tissue;
- helps normalize metabolism;
- strengthens the cardiovascular system;
- promotes the release of insulin;
- increases immunity;
- regulates the functioning of the central nervous system.
- calms the nervous system;
- strengthens the heart, capillaries and blood vessels;
- removes toxins;
- normalizes the functioning of the digestive tract;
- relieves inflammatory processes;
- strengthens the skeleton;
- prevents the formation of kidney stones.
- strengthens the immune system;
- participates in the formation of red blood cells;
- synthesizes thyroid hormones;
- protects the body from the effects of pathogenic bacteria.
Useful properties of mullein
- emollient;
- expectorant;
- hemostatic;
- anti-inflammatory;
- enveloping;
- painkiller;
- anticonvulsant;
- astringent;
- cardiotonic;
- hypotensive;
- sedative;
- antibacterial;
- diaphoretic;
- diuretic;
- wound healing.
Applications of mullein
Due to the content of saponins and mucus, mullein preparations effectively relieve coughs, firstly - with catarrh of the upper respiratory tract, and secondly - with laryngitis. In addition, this plant is used in the treatment of stomach and duodenal ulcers. This plant is widely used in dermatology. Thus, an infusion of mullein flowers is used for baldness, skin diseases allergic origin, vitiligo and psoriasis.
Mullein preparations are also used for diseases and conditions such as:
- stomatitis;
- gingivitis;
- colitis;
- enterocolitis;
- neuralgia;
- hypertension;
- atherosclerosis;
Decoction
For all the diseases listed above, you can use this decoction: 1 tbsp. dry mullein leaves, pour a glass of water, put on fire and boil for 2 minutes. After removing from the heat, the broth is infused for another half hour, after which it is filtered through a triple layer of gauze and consumed three times a day, 1 tbsp.Externally, this decoction is used in the treatment of skin diseases.
Infusion
Mullein infusion is taken for:- ARVI;
- upper respiratory tract diseases;
- bronchitis;
- bronchial asthma;
- pneumonia;
- hoarseness and loss of voice;
- epilepsy;
- whooping cough;
- dyspnea;
- diseases of the stomach and intestines of inflammatory origin;
- migraine;
- angina.
Mullein has hemostatic properties, therefore it is used to treat hemorrhoids (the infusion is added to water when taking sitz baths).
Tincture
The tincture is used for diseases of the upper respiratory tract, diseases of the stomach and spleen. The recipe for the tincture is as follows: 1 tbsp. dried flowers pour 10 tbsp. vodka and infused for three days. Used as a rub for:
- rheumatism;
- neuralgia.
Oil
This oil, which is popularly called royal oil, has the following effect:- relieves inflammation of the middle ear (including chronic);
- eliminates ear pain;
- eliminates eczema localized in the external auditory canal;
- accelerates wound healing;
- kills pathogenic microbes.
To prepare the oil, pour 3 tablespoons into a transparent container. mullein flowers, pouring them with 100 ml of olive oil (refined vegetable oil). Next, the resulting mass is placed in the sun, where it infuses for 30 days, shaking once a day. The oil is then filtered and placed in the refrigerator.
The oil is taken in the form of lotions for:
- bruises and inflammation of the mucous membrane;
- treatment of gums and oral ulcers;
- ear pain;
- inflammation of the middle ear;
- boil in the ear.
Ointment
The ointment is prepared from powder, which is obtained by grinding mullein seeds. Used to treat putrefactive wounds and ulcers.6 parts of ground mullein seeds should be mixed with 12 parts of butter.
Mullein royal scepter: preparation, application - video
Mullein for hemorrhoids
Today, hemorrhoids are a very common disease, the treatment of which requires a long and expensive medical treatment. Using the gifts of nature, you can quickly cure hemorrhoids without expensive medications and procedures. And mullein, which has anti-inflammatory, softening, hemostatic and wound-healing properties, will help with this. It is also important that with this medicinal plant You can cure hemorrhoids not only in the initial, but also in the advanced stage. Infusion for hemorrhoids
1 tbsp. mullein flowers are poured into a thermos and 300 ml of boiling water is poured in, leaving to infuse for one hour. A carefully strained infusion is taken orally, one-third of a glass three times a day (preferably after meals). Bloody discharge from the posterior disappears after 5 – 7 days. When treating an advanced form of the disease, it is recommended to extend such treatment to 14 days.Important! Despite the fact that when the specified dosage is observed, no side effects, before using the infusion, you should consult your doctor, who, given individual characteristics Each patient will adjust the regimen, duration and dosage of the infusion.
Suppositories for hemorrhoids
To prepare suppositories for hemorrhoids you will need the following ingredients:- butter – 100 g;
- common toadflax – 1 part;
- mullein flowers - 1 part;
- chamomile – 1 part.
And a few more tips to help cope with hemorrhoids:
- normalize the functioning of the digestive tract, which will eliminate constipation;
- do not strain during bowel movements;
- balance your diet by excluding spicy foods, alcoholic drinks, brown bread, and fatty foods;
- exclude sexual activity during periods of exacerbation of hemorrhoids;
- observe the rules of personal hygiene in the anal area.
Contraindications
The use of mullein preparations (all listed types) has no serious contraindications, except for individual intolerance, pregnancy and lactation. But still, the use of this plant should be approached with caution:1. Infusions, tinctures and decoctions of mullein flowers should be carefully filtered, which will prevent tiny hairs from entering the body, which can cause irritation to both the esophagus and stomach.
2. The seeds of the plant should not be ingested as they are toxic.
3. Tannin, which is part of mullein, may be carcinogenic, and therefore preparations from this plant may be contraindicated in patients with cancer.
Recipes with mullein
Decoction for lung diseases1 tbsp. carefully crushed and dried mullein flowers, pour 300 ml of boiling water, wrap and infuse for an hour, after which the broth is filtered and drunk a tablespoon every 3 hours. This decoction will help cope with bronchial diseases, inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and biliary tract.
Baths for hemorrhoids and skin diseases
1 kg of plant flowers is boiled in a bucket of water, then the broth is infused until it cools to an acceptable temperature for the body, filtered and poured into the bath. Therapeutic baths can be taken every other day for 20 minutes.
- eczema;
- psoriasis;
- exudative diathesis;
1 tbsp. Mullein flowers are filled with 100 ml of alcohol. The tincture is placed in a dark place for two weeks, after which it is filtered and taken to rub painful areas.
Infusion for baldness and seborrhea
1 tbsp. herbs are poured with 500 ml of boiling water and infused in a thermos for two hours. An infusion of 150 ml is taken three times a day. You can also wash your hair with this infusion.
Decoction for insomnia
1 tbsp. The flowers of the plant are poured with 300 ml of boiling water and boiled over low heat for another three minutes. The broth is wrapped and left to infuse for 2 hours. The medicine is taken with honey, 1 - 2 tbsp. for the night. You can rinse your mouth with this decoction for toothache.
Infusion for bronchitis
2 tsp mullein flowers should be poured with 250 ml of boiling water and left to infuse, tightly wrapped for 1 hour. Take 1 tbsp infusion. no more than four times a day (for children, a single dose is one teaspoon or dessert spoon, depending on age). This infusion is also indicated for rinsing the mouth.
Decoction for colds and coughs
This decoction is prepared with milk, to 300 ml of which 2 tbsp is added. dried mullein flowers. The mixture is brought to a boil and boiled for 5 minutes, after which the broth is wrapped and infused for another hour. The strained broth is drunk with honey or sugar, 250 ml at night.
Decoction for urolithiasis and cholelithiasis
1 tbsp. crushed raw materials, pour 300 ml of water room temperature, then the broth is brought to a boil and simmered over low heat for 10 minutes. The strained broth is drunk one tablespoon three times a day, regardless of food intake.
Decoction for tracheitis
Mullein leaves and flowers (3 tablespoons of each type of raw material) are poured into two glasses of boiling water and boiled over low heat for 10 minutes, after which the broth is infused for another 20 minutes, cooled and filtered. Take 2 tablespoons of the product. four times a day.
