Construction frame houses, V Lately, is gaining more and more momentum. This is due to the fact that frame housing construction can make your dream come true in the shortest possible time, giving you your own, countryside, warm, natural and environmentally friendly home. In addition, we note that frame houses are relatively inexpensive, because their construction implies savings on the foundation, as well as the use of labor.
The strength of such structures is undeniable. The fact is that thanks to innovation, new types of fastening elements have recently begun to be actively used, one of which is the nail plate. Actually, we will talk about what exactly this fastener is in this article.
Nail plate, application features
Such fasteners are supplied to the market building materials in the form of a plate, which is made of alloy or galvanized steel. The latter allows the plate not to oxidize or rust, performing its functions for a fairly long period of time. This plate is called a nail plate because nails (spikes) obtained during stamping protrude perpendicular to its plane. The average length of one spine is from 8 to 9 mm. Depending on the purpose, one plate with nails may have a different number of strips with teeth.
The plate itself is very thin, which allows it to be used at almost any stage of house construction. However, the main area of application of the plate is the construction of a rafter system. In this case, the dimensions of the fasteners are selected based on the dimensions of one rafter. As a result, a plane, say, 50 mm wide and 110 mm long, allows you to fasten rafters located in the same plane without using additional fastener, including nails and screws.
One of the main problems that a potential consumer may encounter when using the plate is natural humidity tree. As you know, wood dries out during use, changing its shape, weight and volume. In this regard, when using a plate with nails, for example, when building a log house, you should not skimp on the foundation, so that the effect of changing the geometry of the building does not increase due to the subsidence of the house under its weight. Only in this case, nail fasteners can fully reveal all their useful properties:
- Powerful and durable connection. It has been scientifically proven that today no fastener can compete with a nail plate. At the same time, it does not damage the integrity of the tree, does not lead to rotting, and does not cause cracks and chips.
- Complete absence of swaying of the rafters, even in strong gusty winds. In this case (of course, if an even cut is made) the “monolithic” base of this fastener ensures the tightest connection.
- No shrinkage. Even if your house is not built well enough and during its operation it shrinks, rest assured that the geometry of the rafter system will not cause curvature, which will not lead to a change in its shape.
- Doesn't rust. Some models of plates are additionally coated with galvanic coating. But even without it, rust will be completely absent.
- The installation process of such fasteners does not require the use of electrical priors. In addition, when compared with conventional nails and self-tapping screws, it must be said that installation of a nail strip is much faster.
- Low cost. Buy a nail plate for construction own home everyone can. In general, it is sold in any city in our country, but in Moscow, it can be purchased at the address: Moscow region, Balashikha, st. Sovetskaya, 35.
- Excellent compatibility with any tree species. There are cases that metal dowels are simply rejected by the tree, as a result of which the wood begins to rot and will soon require replacement. In the case of a nail plate, this is guaranteed not to happen during the entire life of your frame house.
The nail plate is used for fastening the rafter part of the house, as well as for connections in frame housing construction. It is a strip (plate) made from galvanized steel sheet with stamped nails (teeth). The production of nail plates by cold stamping on a hydraulic press allows us to obtain high-quality connecting elements. Standard insert teeth are 8 millimeters high. One nail plate can have from 2 to 16 rows of teeth.
The thickness of the nail plate is from 1 millimeter, the width can be, depending on the standard size, from 20 to 132 millimeters, and the length can be from 76 to 1250 millimeters. With the help of metal toothed connecting plates, wooden structural elements such as boards, beams, beams lying in the same plane can be connected without the use of nails, screws and other fasteners.
Why fastening can be a problem
The issue of fastening is very important due to the characteristics of wood and its “behavior” depending on weather conditions. With changes in humidity levels, wooden building elements decrease or increase in size and are often subject to bending. As a result, large and long-term “stresses” arise in the places of their connections and abutments. The reason for this may also be the construction of a light foundation or its complete absence (which is possible given the low weight and elasticity wooden structures), leading to a change in the geometry of these structures.
When using a metal plate, increased corrosion resistance is ensured connecting element, which favors its operation in conditions high humidity, and also when performing external works.
Properties of nail plate
The connecting nail (toothed) plate has important advantages in comparison with other types of fastenings. For example, from separately driven nails, each of which is on its own.
-*Strength of bonding with wood is achieved shape of the teeth and their angle of inclination, arrangement in rows. At the junction of elements wooden structures The nail plate forms a connection with high strength properties that no other fastening element can compete with. These indicators have been verified by many mechanical tests of structures.
-*Common monolithic platform– the base on which all the teeth are attached eliminates the possibility of their mobility and swinging. The platform becomes a common, connecting basis for the connected parts of the structure, due to which the connection is again given the quality of strength.
allow us to provide excellent strength even when splicing wooden structural elements by butt connection.
-*Parts are attached extremely tightly. it's the same empirically proven. For example, a beam assembled using a plate of two butt-joined wooden beams, when exposed to a fracture, it broke not at the junction of the structural elements, but in the monolithic part of the beam. Thus, the monolithic platform of the nail plate completely prevents the teeth from moving or becoming loose and becomes a reliable basis for the connecting assembly.
-*If necessary possible to apply electroplating – This is a possible additional service at the request of the customer. This coating will give additional durability to the steel nail plate.
-*Metal toothed plates installed faster than traditional types fasteners, thanks to its unique design. This will significantly save time during construction and installation work on fastening rafter and underframe elements. rafter systems.
-*Due to the possibility of manufacturing floor beams with “corridors” specially designed for these purposes this method of fastening facilitates the laying of communications(ventilation ducts).
The listed qualities of nail connecting plates have become the reason for their widespread widespread use in the construction and construction of wooden structures for any purpose. The simplicity of the design of nail plates brings exceptional strength and durability to the connection.
Experience in using nail plates
Steel nail plates have been used for over twenty years in Canada and the USA, specifically in North America They began to be widely used in the construction of wooden structures. This fastening method is now widely used throughout Europe. With the help of industrially produced truss structures Based on the plates, you can build almost any type of roof, attic, attic space, skylight, etc.
Roofs using nail plates are applicable in all types of structures, for example:
- residential buildings,
-industrial,
- agricultural,
-sports and commercial facilities.
In addition to truss structures, this technology can be successfully used for:
- reconstruction of buildings and flat roofs, where plates are considered an indispensable type of fastener;
- production of panels for walls;
- production of lattice frames,
- construction of formwork for concrete structures,
- construction of long-span premises made entirely of wood.
The possibility of creating trusses with a span of more than 30 meters without internal supports (for example, tennis courts), which has arisen in connection with the use of connecting plates, is widely used. The plates can be successfully used when joining boards lengthwise.
Tooth (nail) plate is a strong, fast and economical connection for wooden structures. The distinctive advantages and properties of this fastening contribute to its increasingly widespread use in construction. wooden houses and structures in our country. The opportunity to purchase these products is becoming more and more accessible, and those interested can evaluate the convenience and quality of this fastener in practice.
It is a metal plate, on the surface of which there are several rows of spikes made by stamping.
It is they that, when installing this fastening element, “bite” into the wood and are firmly fixed in it.
Depending on the variety and size, nail plates can have from 2 to 16 rows of spikes, the height of which is usually about 8-14 millimeters.
The fastening element is made of galvanized steel with a thickness of 1 to 1.5 mm by cold stamping, the teeth have a height of up to 14 mm.
What are gear plates made of?
Serial production of nail (toothed) plates is carried out at a specialized industrial equipment. They are made from galvanized sheet steel.
In the production of this type of fastener, powerful hydraulic presses, characterized by high performance.
This equipment allows you to produce high-quality and, importantly, relatively inexpensive nail plates in large quantities.
Scope of application of nail plates with GP marking
Metal serrated nail plates are also used as connectors for construction.
They are great for firmly connecting elements together wooden rafters, used in the construction of buildings with large spans.
Fastening plates (toothed) are also used to connect timber, and it turns out to be very strong and durable. This fastener greatly simplifies and speeds up the assembly of lattice frames.
Advantages of tenon mounting plates
Tenon fasteners have gained wide popularity due to the numerous advantages and benefits that their use offers.
The main one is, perhaps, that this fastener guarantees a strong and durable connection wooden parts. In this case, the wood does not split and its integrity is maintained.
Thanks to the presence of a high-quality anti-corrosion coating, the nail plates are virtually rust-free, which is especially important for such a hygroscopic material as wood.
Such wooden structures are most relevant for the construction of garages, garden buildings and summer cottages.
This technical manual describes the principles of connecting parts, provides illustrations of the main structural units and recommendations for the selection of sections of elements of wooden hanging rafter systems.
More complex types of wooden structures must be calculated and assembled at the manufacturer's factory.
Rice. 11.01 Installation of homemade wooden hanging rafter systems. The joints of the lower chord should rest on load-bearing walls in the middle of the span.
- The upper and lower chords of the structures are in the same plane.
- Steel perforated plates are located on both sides.
- The lower belt of the structure is attached to the upper one with an overlay.
- Wooden overlays may only be nailed on one side.
- A bolted connection using lock washers with external teeth, clamped between the parts to be joined, and also using washers.
Rice. 11.02 Span, roof angle, location load-bearing wall
1. The lower chord of homemade wooden triangular three-hinged arches (hanging rafter systems), designed for a span of more than 4.2 m, must rest in the middle on a load-bearing wall.
Rice. 11.03 Example of a perforated steel plate with holes arranged to guarantee optimal spacing between nails Table 11.1
| Snow load S 0, kN/m² | Roof angle 18°≤ α ≤ 22° | Roof angle 22°≤ α ≤ 37° | Roof angle 37° ≤ α ≤ 45° | ||||||||||
| Span L*, m | Upper chord h, mm | Bottom chord h, mm | Upper chord h, mm | Bottom chord h, mm | Connection of the upper and lower chords, junction of parts of the lower chord***** | Upper chord h, mm | Bottom chord h, mm | Connection of the upper and lower chords, junction of parts of the lower chord***** | |||||
| Number of nails**** | D st. washers ***, mm | Number of nails**** | D st. washers ***, mm | Number of nails**** | D st. washers ***, mm | ||||||||
| 2,5 | 3,0 | 123 | 173 | 6 | 50 | 123 | 173 | 5 | 50 | 123 | 173 | 3 | 50 |
| 3,6 | 148 | 198 | 7 | 62 | 148 | 198 | 6 | 50 | 148 | 198 | 4 | 50 | |
| 4,2 | 173 | 223 | 8 | - | 173 | 223 | 7 | 62 | 173 | 223 | 4 | 50 | |
| 4,8 | 198 | 148 | 9 | - | 198 | 148 | 8 | - | 198 | 148 | 5 | 62 | |
| 5.4 | 198 | 148 | 10 | - | 198 | 148 | 8 | - | 198 | 148 | 5 | 62 | |
| 6.0 | 223 | 173 | 11 | - | 223 | 173 | 9 | - | 223 | 173 | 5 | 62 | |
| 6,6 | 223 | 173 | 12 | - | 223 | 173 | 10 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 4,5 | 3,0 | 123 | 173 | 8 | - | 123 | 173 | 7 | 62 | 123 | 173 | 4 | 50 |
| 3,6 | 173 | 198 | 10 | - | 148 | 198 | 9 | - | 148 | 198 | 5 | 62 | |
| 4,2 | 198 | 223 | 11 | - | 173 | 223 | 10 | - | 173 | 223 | 6 | 62 | |
| 4,8 | 223 | 148 | 13 | - | 223 | 148 | 11 | - | 223 | 148 | 7 | - | |
| 5,4 | 223 | 148 | 14 | - | 223 | 148 | 12 | - | 223 | 148 | 7 | - | |
| 6,5 | 3,0 | 148 | 173 | 11 | - | 148 | 173 | 9 | - | 148 | 173 | 5 | 62 |
| 3,6 | 173 | 198 | 13 | - | 173 | 198 | 11 | - | 173 | 198 | 6 | - | |
| 4,2 | 223 | 223 | 15 | - | 198 | 223 | 13 | - | 198 | 223 | 7 | - | |
|
* The thickness of the structure's chords is 48 mm, the grade of lumber is 3rd, the center distance between the arches is 600 mm. |
|||||||||||||
Rice. 11.04 Basic parameters of homemade wooden tangular arches - The top chord of a homemade wooden triangular arch.
- Bottom belt.
- Flight.
- Overhang.
- Roof angle.
- The load-bearing wall strapping should extend all the way to the outer edge of the junction of the upper and lower chords of the truss.
- The roof overhang should not exceed 500 mm.
Rice. 11.05 Connecting the upper and lower chords of the structure using perforated steel plates and nails - For homemade wooden arches, in this case, plates are used on both sides:
100×240×1.5 mm, if the span is up to 4.2 m
100×300×1.5 mm, if the span is more than 4.2 m
At the same time, the calculated snow load should be less than 4.5 kN/sq.m - Minimum distance from end wooden element should be more than 60mm.
- In this case, you need to use 4.0x40 mm corrugated nails, distributing them evenly over the plate, observing the minimum indentations (items 3 and 4). The number of nails per connection is selected according to table 11.1.
Table 11.2
Rice. 11.06 Connecting the upper and lower chords of the arches using a bolt and two one-sided lock washers with external teeth, clamped between the parts to be connected, as well as using washers - Lock washers with external teeth - 2 pcs. The diameter of the lock washers is selected according to table 11.1.
- Bolt, 20 mm. For minimum distances from the end and edges of wooden elements, see Table 11.2.
- Washer, 60×60×5 mm.
Rice. 11.07 Connecting the upper chords of triangular arches in the ridge using perforated steel plates and nails - Perforated steel plates 80×140×1.5 mm are used on both sides.
- On each side, along the outer edge of the plate, 2 corrugated nails 4.0x40 mm are driven in.
- The area of the plate that can be used for driving nails.
- The minimum distance from the end of the wooden element must be greater than 40mm.
- The minimum distance from the edge of the wooden element must be greater than 28mm.
Rice. 11.08 Connecting the upper chords of the arches in the ridge using overlays made of boards or plywood - Overlay 148×300 mm made of boards more than 30 mm thick or plywood more than 15 mm thick.
- The area of the plate that can be used for driving nails.
- Nails 3.5×90 mm, 8 pcs. from each side.
Rice. 11.09 The joint of the lower chord of a homemade wooden triangular arch should always be located above the support. If there is no support, then gaps in the lower chord are unacceptable, and the maximum length of the lower chord should be less than 4.2 m 
Rice. 11.10 Connecting the elements of the lower chord of the arch using perforated steel plates and nails - Steel perforated plates 100x300x1.5 mm are mounted on each side and centered relative to the joint.
- The area of the plate that can be used for driving nails.
- The 4.0 x 40 mm corrugated nails should be placed as evenly as possible along the outer holes of the plate.
Rice. 11.11 Connecting the elements of the lower chord of the arches using bolts and one-sided lock washers with external teeth clamped between the parts being connected, as well as using washers - The junction of the elements of the lower chord of the arch.
- Minimum distances are given in Table 11.2.
- The thickness of the lining and the thickness of the elements of the lower chord of the arch must be the same.
- Lock washers with external teeth - 2 pcs. for connection. The diameter of the lock washers is selected according to table 11.1.
- Bolt, 20 mm.
- Washer, 60×60×5 mm.
Rice. 11.12 Diagonal wind braces 23x98 are attached to each triangular arch 1. Diagonal wind connection.
Rice. 11.13 Diagonal wind braces are attached to the lower edge of the upper chords of the arch with 3 nails 2.8×75 or 3.4×95 mm 1. Attaching the diagonal wind brace to the upper chord of the structure.
Rice. 11.14 Anchoring wooden arches with perforated steel tapes 
Rice. 11.15 If there are chimneys or other obstacles in the way of installing the arch, then the arch is moved to the side. An additional arch is installed on the other side of the obstacle - A triangular arch that should be moved to the side.
- Additional triangular arch.
The material was prepared by designer Vladislav Vorotyntsev based on the Norwegian technology of frame house construction developed by the SINTEF Institute
From time immemorial we have built houses from wood. Sometimes completely without the use of other building materials, using only an ax, without single nail... Well, you know, right?
Original Russian technologies have not been forgotten. There are still hereditary specialists left who will slowly but surely assemble an authentic hut for you, just like in the good old days. But basically, methods and approaches have changed significantly - to suit the needs of the day and in accordance with modern requirements for comfort, energy efficiency, and safety. They have changed and reached a new level. Now we are successfully applying, so to speak, global experience - the developments of builders from other countries who have long proven their worth.
One of these borrowings that has taken root is (still considered innovative in our country) the system of perforated fasteners, which is designed for quick and reliable assembly of all kinds of frame structures from edged lumber. The elements of this complex system are various angles and brackets, tapes and plates, which are equipped with a large number of pre-prepared holes. The nail plate stands somewhat apart from the large list of fixing devices; we will talk about it later.
What is minimum wage?
A metal toothed plate (MZP), or as this fastener is also called a “nail plate,” is a flat rectangular (sometimes square) piece made of cold-rolled steel. One of the MZP options is a “studded disc” or “studded strut”.
The thickness of the plate can vary from 1 to 2.5 mm, which makes it possible to solve a variety of tasks with different loads. The thicker the metal, the larger the cross-section of structural elements the plate can connect. The grade of steel used in any case is such that the product has a balanced combination of ductility and strength.
The overall dimensions of sold samples are usually in the range of 2.5-18 cm in width and up to 30 cm in length. However, of course, the available range is much wider; many domestic manufacturers offer rapid production of small parts in individual, practically unlimited sizes. The lead time for cutting non-standard minimum wages to the required size is about 7-14 days.
Like any other type of perforated fastener, the serrated steel plate is necessarily equipped with a layer of zinc, which protects the fastener from corrosion. For use in open, visible structures, the product can be coated with colored powder coating.
Compared to conventional perforated products with round holes for nails, screws, bolts or anchors - here we have on the surface of the product a large number of spikes extruded from metal using a perforated stamping press.
The number of cloves can reach up to 80 pieces per decimeter of the product. During installation, each of them enters the tree, where it clings to the fibers, and the fastener begins to work as a single whole. After pressing the MZP, the board or beam no longer breaks off in the fastening area, the forces acting on the unit can only act on crushing, and the load-bearing capacity of the finished structure only increases significantly because of this. Under extreme loads, spliced lumber breaks on the solid, but does not separate under the nail plate. That is, comparing this hardware with hundreds of scattered studs is, at a minimum, incorrect.
It should be noted that the height of the studs in different nail plates may be different. The traditional option can be considered teeth 8-10 mm long, but there are also products with a ruff of 14-15 mm or 25-26 mm. As a rule, there is a dependence and relationship between the thickness of the plate and the height of the tooth (thicker MZP - longer tooth - larger lumber can be collected).
It is customary to distinguish between two fundamental options for nail plates depending on the shape of the tenons:
- With multi-directional perforation,
- With unidirectional perforation.
Teeth with one direction and angle of inclination work normally, but with multi-directional loads, locking in some directions is considered less effective. In addition, during installation, it is necessary to take a more serious approach to the orientation of the plate relative to the direction of the fibers of the board or beam, which are more loaded in the unit. Modernized MZPs with one direction of perforation are equipped with stud displacement (such as in a checkerboard pattern) in each adjacent row, which improves the engagement effect.
Experts are convinced that very good performance is achieved by plates in which the teeth are inclined in different directions (usually two mutually perpendicular ones), for example, along the diagonals of a rectangular plate or along its length and width. So, in theory, the fastener works equally well with lumber, which has any fiber orientation in the array, and also holds loads regardless of where they are directed during operation of the farm. There are also models in which studding is not just done different directions, but also the rows of teeth are inclined at different angles.
Important! Choice specific model plates is based on the thickness of the fastener, overall dimensions, number of teeth, their inclination, length, section shape... There are computer programs, allowing you to calculate suitable minimum wages as accurately as possible for any type of structure.
Where is the minimum wage applied?
The main function of a metal toothed plate is to connect two or more edged boards or beams in one plane. Moreover, the best reliability indicators will be achieved if the lumber is used not wet, which is not prone to drying out and cracking.
The first samples of MZP began to be used in the domain of frame house construction (in North America) at the beginning of the last century. The experience turned out to be successful. In complex spatial structures, serrated plates create a strong, fixed connection, simultaneously acting as a supporting base plane for frame elements.
Based on them, they collect:
- wall load-bearing frames and panels,
- various volumetric structures made of wood (for example, stairs),
- powerful formwork,
- longer beams by splicing lumber end to end,
- thicker or higher beams by splicing lumber overlays (slices or edges, respectively),
- arched structures made from piece elements (without bending wood).
- complex elements of a wooden roof.
On this moment in our country, they prefer to buy metal toothed plates mainly for creating roof trusses that can cover very large spans - up to several tens of meters, with a wide variety of joining angles. Fasteners are actively used in both industrial and private construction.
Among the benefits we receive are the following:
- There are no restrictions on the maximum length of commercially available lumber,
- The time required for assembling structures is reduced, and the labor intensity of operations for connecting elements is reduced (since there is no need to make cuts or taps, there is no need to massively turn screws or hammer nails).
- There is no need to purchase large quantities of rough nails or corrosion-resistant screws, which are very expensive.
- The reliability of the assembled units increases while the cross-sections and weight are reduced.
- The amount of wood that goes to waste is reduced.
- The number of available design solutions is increasing, especially if specialized software is used for design.
There are also some restrictions:
- It will not be possible to assemble directly on site.
- It is necessary to prepare a flat area on the ground or work in a workshop.
- You need to have some equipment for reliable installation Minimum salary.
What are the nuances of installing nail plates?
- The most important point is that each connection node is fixed with a plate on both sides.
- The platinum with unidirectional teeth should be oriented so that the rows of tenons are parallel to the fibers of the beam or board that should perform a greater load-bearing function.
- Options with a hammer or sledgehammer are not suitable for installing the MZP. The pressure is too weak and uneven. Vibration is very harmful; even with impacts through the spacers, the plate and its spikes can be deformed.
In order for, for example, rafter boards to evenly accept fasteners over their entire area, you need to use a rolling press. Accordingly, the assembly of roof trusses and wall frame sections is mainly carried out in workshops. And only then the frame is transported to the construction site, where it is lifted and secured in place using a crane. - It is still possible to install MZP on site. To do this, they create a flat, clean working area on the ground, and use a metal frame (shaped like a clamp) as a pressing device, as well as a bottle-type car jack, the working force of which is from 30 tons.
- Using lumber prepared to size, the truss is placed on stands, and all elements are temporarily fixed in the design position through serrated plates using single self-tapping screws.
- All plates are laid out in the right places.
- An improvised press is placed under the connection area with the plate. First, the outer corners of the structure are crimped, and then other connections.
- The MZP is pressed smoothly into the wood until the entire plane of the plate is pressed against the truss mass (pressing, of course, is not welcome). Normally cut lumber is assembled tightly, although the technology allows for gaps between the ends of the boards/beams of up to 5 mm.
In conclusion, I would like to note that the assembly of complex frame structures from edged lumber using serrated plates is slow, but is gaining popularity. Accordingly, the supply for the sale of this interesting fastener is growing very quickly. As practice shows, samples of minimum wages of very low quality have appeared on the market. Not only do fly-by-night companies that press jagged perforated fasteners do not comply with the basic requirements for the design of studs, but they can also use low-grade steel with low strength, or a very thin zinc coating that does not last more than a couple of seasons. Therefore, the purchase of minimum wages must be treated extremely responsibly, giving preference to trusted suppliers. In order for trusses and frames to work as expected, it is also equally important to buy boards or timber of normal quality.
