Gryaznova Alla Georgievna is a real legend! She happens to be current president Financial Academy of the Russian Federation, first vice-president of the Guild of Financiers, deputy chairman of the Higher Attestation Commission, chairman of the Public Council of the Federal Service for Supervision of Education and Science, member of the International Tax Association, co-chairman of the Audit Chamber of Russia, honorary professor of the Russian Academy of Civil Service under the President of the Russian Federation and International Business School. This is far from full list all positions held in this great woman. We offer a more detailed look at her biography, personal life and development as a researcher and administrator in this article.
Gryaznova Alla Georgievna: biography
Alla Georgievna was born in Moscow (1937) into a family of ordinary workers. At that time, my mother worked as an accountant, and my father worked as a driver. The birth of a daughter was a happy event in the family. Despite the fact that the family lived quite modestly, and even in a small communal apartment, the parents managed to create comfort in it and ensure a happy childhood for their children. After the eldest Allochka, three more children appeared in the family (one girl and two boys).
Childhood
Alla Georgievna's childhood took place during the difficult war years. The father went to the front, and the mother, left with small children and a sick mother, was not only able to educate the children, instill in them a love of life and people, but also showed by her own example that one must always act according to one’s conscience and help in everything. She and her daughter prepared and sent parcels to the front with socks and mittens knitted with her own hands. Moreover, such parcels were always accompanied by small letters, just a few lines, with kind words of support and gratitude to the soldiers who are now fighting for their lives on the battlefield. Five-year-old Alla always helped her mother and diligently wrote out the letters herself.
School years and studies
My school years were the most colorful and wonderful. With what trepidation and gratitude Alla Georgievna Gryaznova remembers her first teacher, joining the ranks of the pioneers and Octobrists. Already from school, she was a leader and a very active person; she was involved in amateur performances, an art studio and a ballet school.
Unfortunately, this period of young Alla Georgievna’s life was overshadowed by her mother’s serious illness. The girl helped around the house and with raising her younger brothers and sister; after finishing the seventh grade, she was forced to leave school and go to college. The family believed that Alla should master the profession as early as possible and be able to help put the younger children on their feet.
The technical school was chosen not based on the specialty, but the one that was closest to my father’s work (literally opposite it). It was a financial college. I had to study in the evenings, since the technical school did not have its own building at that time, and classes took place on the premises of the existing school, therefore, after the end of the main educational process. But for Alla Georgievna’s family this was even beneficial. The girl could help around the house and was always next to her seriously ill mother (while her father was working), and when he came, the girl took the metro to study on her own.
Student years
Alla Georgievna Gryaznova calls the next period of her life unforgettable and very successful: student years, excellent teachers, interesting science, social activities and much more. After completing her studies (with honors) and acquiring a prestigious specialty as an economist, new opportunities opened up for her. Alla successfully passed the exams and entered graduate school, and her scientific life began. The changes concerned not only professional sphere, but also personal. During this period, Alla Gryaznova meets and falls in love with her future husband. She graduated from graduate school ahead of schedule, a month later her wedding took place, and a year later (in September 1965) a son was born into the young family.
Moving to a new apartment, household chores, busy scientific activities, everyday work - all this took a lot of time, therefore, as Alla Georgievna Gryaznova says, her son spent most of his childhood with her parents. Even when the boy was seven years old and had to go to school, his grandparents were ready to completely replace his parents so that only their daughter could take advantage of the offer of a scientific internship in the United States of America. But fate intervened.
Work and scientific activities
The Moscow Financial Institute became for Alla Georgievna not only her native alma mater, but also her second home. Here she met many wonderful people, great scientists and humble workers.
The person who most influenced the fate of the future scientist and leader A.G. Gryaznova became an amazing woman, an excellent teacher and a wise leader M.S. Atlas. Mariam Semyonovna became not only the most beloved teacher, but also a teacher in life. In addition, she was also a scientific supervisor when Alla Georgievna wrote her candidate’s dissertation and a scientific consultant in the preparation of her doctoral dissertation, which she completed and successfully defended in 1975. Moreover, to head the department, which was headed by M.S. Atlas is almost 30 years old, she entrusted it to her. Thus, Alla Georgievna Gryaznova herself became the successor to the scientific views and teaching methods of Professor Atlas. The family always supported her and helped her not only in word, but also in deed and, as A.G. herself says. Gryaznova, this is what made it possible for her to achieve everything she has now.
Rector position
The climb up the career ladder was quite rapid and rapid. Soon Alla Georgievna was appointed to the leadership post of Vice-Rector for Scientific Work and International Relations. And when the current rector (Vladimir Vasilyevich Shcherbakov) struggled with a long-term illness, she had to fulfill his duties for almost two years. Tired of social activities, the burden of responsibility and all the administrative work, Alla Georgievna was still able to find the strength in herself not only to courageously survive the passing of her leader, but also to become his worthy follower. Thus, on June 26, 1985, Alla Georgievna Gryaznova became the rector. During the period of her leadership, the Financial Academy has become a leading educational institution, a large-scale innovation center, producing qualified personnel and talented scientists not only for Russia, but also for other countries.
Family
The position of rector, scientific and teaching activities require time, effort and desire. All this gives her a reliable support in the form of a family. As Alla Georgievna Gryaznova herself says, her personal life has been happy, because when she wakes up in the morning, she wants to go to work, and in the evening she wants to return home with no less desire!
Today, free time is sorely lacking, but she always finds a minute to spend time with her charming granddaughters, and she has two of them - Mashenka and Nadenka. Next to them, the grandmother does not notice fatigue and feels much younger. Together they can play tennis and read books. The little ones themselves can teach their beloved granny a lot. For example, they even have a special notebook where, together with Alla Georgievna, they write down youth words (slang), which the grandmother then learns.
“I am grateful to fate for my personal life,” says Alla Georgievna Gryaznova herself. “Children, grandchildren, husband, work - this is my life. Thanks to them, I feel happy!” she shares.
Gryaznova Alla Georgievna at Posner's
On February 8, 2016, Alla Georgievna also became the heroine of Vladimir Pozner’s author’s program. She shared her views on the country, focusing on Special attention issues of training quality personnel. The guest proposed specific mechanisms that would help effectively modernize the Russian economy.
The interview also touched on important historical points. In particular, Alla Georgievna Gryaznova answered the following questions: “What would Russia be like if there had been no First World War and revolution?” and “What is the role of Stalin in Russian history?” You can read this interview in more detail and hear all the answers to the questions asked on air on the official website of the program.
Conclusion
In Alla Georgievna's life, like most of us, there were black and white stripes. But, thanks to her parents, their upbringing, teachers and mentors, the will of fate and luck, her own human qualities and attitude towards life and people, Alla Georgievna was able to overcome all life’s obstacles, get out of difficult situations with dignity and become an excellent example to follow.
It is difficult to overestimate her contribution to the modern financial world. The Fatherland duly appreciated all the efforts of Alla Georgievna, awarding her with many orders and diplomas from public organizations.
Dear Elizaveta Alexandrovna! Thank you very much for your work for the benefit of preserving the Gryaznov family. Our Gryaznov line is S.A. Gryaznov. - Gryaznov G.S. -Gryaznov A.G. - Gryaznov K.A. (son of a manufacturer from Lezhnev, Ivanovo province, who left for Chelyabinsk in the 30s, engineer, military man, anesthesiologist. I, Gryaznova M.A., wife of the military man Gryaznov A.G. and the mother of the doctor Gryaznov K.A.) Unfortunately, we only know that the Gryaznovs and Lopukhins were related. Lopukhin Afanasy from Lezhnev was repressed. I come from the Polivanovs on my father’s side - the village of Staroye Selo, Rodnikovsky district, Ivanovo region... the Polivanovs’ estate consists of 4 walls of a noble house, an overgrown pond and the last peasant woman, Dunya, who at 92 years old lives alone... I was there in 2007. Rumyantsev-Loskutov’s mother, Alexander’s mother, were repressed, my grandmother registered my mother under her maiden name, the forgery was discovered in 1954 when issuing a certificate, but there was no punishment. I would really like to know about the possibility of purchasing books about the Gryaznovs...I have an icon and a plate from the Polivanovs. Thank you. MAG
2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: 2012. - 496 p. M.: 2004. - 504 p.
The textbook was prepared by the team of the Department of Finance of the Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation. The second edition examines the nature, functions and management of finance in modern conditions. The issues of organizing finances of business entities (commercial, non-profit organizations, individual entrepreneurs) are revealed. The content and features of the organization of state and municipal finance, the role and organization of the budget process, the importance of social insurance, financial planning and forecasting. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the specialties “Finance and Credit”, “Accounting, Analysis and Audit”, “ World economy", "Taxes and taxation".
Format: pdf (20 12 , 496 pp.)
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Format: djvu(2004 , 504s.)
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Table of contents(2012, 2nd ed., 496 pp.)
Introduction 7
Section I FINANCE IN THE SYSTEM OF ECONOMIC RELATIONS
Chapter 1. Finance and financial system 11
1.1. The essence of finance and its functions 11
1.2. Financial resources 21
1.3. Financial system 27
Chapter 2. Financial policy 41
2.1. Content and significance of financial policy 41
2.2. Financial policy of the Russian Federation at the present stage 49
2.3. Financial mechanism, its role in the implementation of financial policy 60
Chapter 3. Financial management 69
3.1. The need and content of financial management 69
3.2. Legal basis of financial management in the Russian Federation 76
3.3. Financial management bodies in the Russian Federation 86
Chapter 4. Financial planning and forecasting 96
4.1. The need, content and objectives of financial planning 96
4.2. Financial forecasting, its content and significance 100
4.3. Stages and methods of financial planning 105
4.4. Types of financial plans, their characteristics 110
Chapter 5. Financial regulation of socio-economic processes 119
5.1. Contents of financial regulation, its forms and methods 119
5.2. The influence of finance on the economy 124
5.3. Financial regulation of social processes 131
Chapter 6. Financial control 143
6.1. Content and significance of financial control 143
6.2. Characteristics of types, forms and methods of financial control 148
6.3. Organizational and legal basis of financial control in the Russian Federation 157
6.4. Ways to improve financial control in Russia 166
Section II FINANCE OF BUSINESS ENTITIES
Chapter 7. general characteristics finance of commercial organizations 173
7.1. Features of finance of commercial organizations and factors determining them 173
7.2. Sources and types financial resources commercial organizations 178
7.3. Directions for using financial resources 185
7.4. Features of financial management of commercial organizations 191
Chapter 8. Finances of professional financial market participants 197
8.1. Features of finance of credit institutions 197
8.2. Features of the formation and use of financial resources of credit institutions 204
8.3. Finance of insurance organizations 208
8.4. Features of the organization of finances of individual financial market participants 217
Chapter 9. Finance of non-profit organizations 224
9.1. Contents of finance of non-profit organizations 224
9.2. Formation and use of financial resources budgetary institutions 233
9.3. Finance of non-profit organizations of other organizational and legal forms 240
9.4. Features of financial management of non-profit organizations 248
Chapter 10. Finance of individual entrepreneurs 256
10.1. Formation and use of financial resources of individual entrepreneurs 256
10.2. Features of taxation of individual entrepreneurs 261
10.3. State financial support for individual entrepreneurs 269
Section III STATE AND MUNICIPAL FINANCE
Chapter 11. Content and organization of state and municipal finances 275
11.1. Contents of state and municipal finances 275
11.2. Organization of public finance at the federal and regional levels 282
11.3. Features of the organization of municipal finances 291
Chapter 12. Budgets of state authorities and local governments 300
12.1. Budget and its impact on socio-economic processes 300
12.2. Budget system state, principles of its construction 313
12.3. Contents and forms of organization of interbudgetary relations 328
Chapter 12. Budgets of state authorities and local governments
12.4. Characteristics of budget revenues at different levels 340
12.5. Composition of budget expenditures at different levels 353
Chapter 13. Budget process in the Russian Federation 370
13.1. Fundamentals of organizing the budget process 370
13.2. Drawing up, reviewing and approving budgets 378
13.3. Organization of budget execution 387
Chapter 14. State and municipal borrowing 395
14.1. Budget balance and methods for achieving it 395
14.2. Content, forms and methods of state and municipal borrowing 403
14.3. State and municipal debt, its classification 409
14.4. Management of state and municipal debt 412
Chapter 15. State social extra-budgetary funds 421
15.1. Social insurance and its role in the implementation of state social guarantees 421
15.2. General characteristics of state social extra-budgetary funds 428
15.3. Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, features of its functioning 434
15.4. Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation and its significance 442
15.5. Mandatory health insurance funds in the Russian Federation, their formation and use 448
Glossary 455
Alphabetical subject index 484
Literature 490
Year of issue : 2005
Genre : Books on economics (textbook)
Publisher:"Exam"
Format: DjVu
Quality : Scanned pages
Number of pages:
593
Description : The textbook was prepared in accordance with the course “Economic Theory”, the program of which was approved by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. This course is taught in all universities for students of economic specialties and is the main one.
Economic theory is a fundamental science that, over more than 200 years of development, has developed its own categories, concepts, laws, has its own subject, principles of analysis, methods of processing factual material. The division of economic science into economic theory as a pure economic science, devoid of social economic relations, and political economy, discarded because its subject is socio-economic (production) relationships between economic entities in society, is a disregard for reality.
PART I.
Basics economic theory
Chapter 1. Subject, method and functions of economic theory..28
General concept of science and the place of economic theory in it..28
Subject of economic theory....30
Main features of socio-economic (production) relations.....34
Methodology and methods of economic research....39
Functions of economic theory...44
Chapter 2. The process of production, reproduction and its phases....49
General concept of the process of production and reproduction...49
The role and place of distribution in the reproductive process...51
Exchange relations...54
Consumption as the final phase of the reproduction process and its prerequisite...59
Chapter 3. The system of property relations in the modern economy...61
Economic content of the category “property”....61
Forms of ownership and forms of management...67
Legal aspects of property relations....73
Contents of the economic theory of property rights and transaction costs...75
Reforming property relations in Russia...79
Chapter 4. System of economic interests, motives and incentives....85
Economic interest as a category.....86
Need as the material basis of economic interests...87
Economic interests as a system.....89
Functions of the system of economic interests. Motives and incentives for effective management...98
Chapter 5. System of economic laws....104
Identification of economic laws and new trends in the socio-economic development of society is the main purpose of economic science..104
Contents of economic law and methodology of its research.. 106
Economic laws as a system. To the discussion about the basic economic law of the system....110
The main content of economic laws: saving time, increasing labor productivity and increasing economic needs...113
Chapter 6. Market and market economy: content, functions, types... 118
The concept of market and market economy. Subjects of market relations....118
Structure of a market economy...121
Infrastructure of a market economy.....123
Functions of the market and its role in the socio-economic system of society....123
Main types and models of market economy....127
Features of the formation of market relations in Russia....128
Chapter 7. Competition as main element in a market economic model....131
The content of the concept of “competition”....131
Competition functions...134
Competition and monopoly...137
Basic forms of modern competition...139
Development of a competitive environment in Russia and the competitiveness of domestic production...144
Antimonopoly policy and antimonopoly regulation: economic content and features of Russia...150
Chapter 8. Contents of the theories of labor value and marginal utility....157
The main content of the theory of labor value....157
The main content of the theory of marginal utility...162
Conditions and reasons for the formation of the concept of marginal utility....166
Achievements and failures of the theories of labor value and marginal utility..169
Chapter 9. Demand, supply and price in the system of market relations...173
Supply and demand: content and problems of interaction....173
Price and its formation in a market economy.....176
Problems of the relationship between supply and demand in the modern Russian economy...181
Chapter 10. The essence and functions of money....185
Origin of money...185
Functions of money.....187
The essence of money. Features of paper money. The law of the quantity of money in circulation...189
Western theories of money...194
Basic concepts for part 1....197
PART II. Theoretical problems of microeconomics....201
Chapter II. Enterprise (firm) as the main economic entity in market conditions....202
General ideas about the enterprise (company)......202
Joint stock companies (corporations)....206
Basic Western theories of the company....209
Chapter 12. Capital as the material basis for the development of an enterprise......215
The content of the concept of “capital” and the evolution of views on its nature...215
Circulation and circulation of capital (production assets) of the enterprise....222
Capital structure (production assets) of the enterprise. Physical and obsolescence fixed capital....227
Chapter 13. Production costs: essence, classification and structure....231
General ideas about the production costs of an enterprise......231
Two concepts of production costs: Marxist and neoclassical...232
Methods for reducing enterprise production costs. Features of modern Russia...239
Chapter 14. Cash income of enterprises and forms of their manifestation in a market economy...246
General idea of the company's income.....246
Wages as a form of cash income for hired workers....248
Profit: economic entity and functions....252
Loan interest....255
To the problem of economic exploitation....258
Economic risk: content and determining factors....262
Chapter 15. Features of agrarian relations. Land rent.
Land price....268
The content of agrarian relations and the specifics of production in agriculture....268
Rent relations in agriculture and the price of land....271
Features of the formation of the land market in Russia....278
Specifics of the agrarian crisis in Russia....283
Chapter 16. Bank as a business entity in a market economy.
Securities and stock exchange...286
Features of a commercial bank as a business entity....286
Securities and the stock market...289
Types of securities and features of pricing in the stock market...291
Exchange and over-the-counter securities market...296
Formation of the stock market in Russia....297
Basic concepts for part II....300
PART III. Theoretical problems of macroeconomics....303
Chapter 17. Social reproduction at the national level....304
General concept of macroeconomics. Goals and objectives of macroeconomic analysis.....304
Modeling in macroeconomic analysis...310
Main indicators of the results of the reproduction process at the national level....314
Advantages and disadvantages of two methods for calculating final macroeconomic indicators....319
Balance sheet of the national economy and the system of national accounts....320
National wealth of the country: content and structure....323
Chapter 18. Rates and factors of economic growth of the country...327
The content of the concept of “economic growth” ..... 327
Factors of economic growth...330
Theories and models of economic growth....335
Rates and choice of economic growth model for Russia...339
Chapter 19. Level of socio-economic development and types of economic growth....344
The concept of “level of socio-economic development” and its significance for macroeconomic analysis....344
Increasing the level of economic development as a consequence and condition for the transition to an intensive type of economic growth....351
Intensification of the production process.....355
Chapter 20. Scientific and technological progress: essence, problems of reproduction by the economic system....358
Relevance of studying scientific and technical progress.....358
Economic content and functions of scientific and technological progress....359
Peculiarities modern stage scientific and technological progress - scientific and technological revolution....362
Features of the implementation of world scientific and technological achievements in various business models....368
Chapter 21. Economic efficiency of the national economy: essence, level, trends of change....375
Differences in understanding the essence of economic efficiency and methods of calculating it....375
The content of the concept of “economic efficiency of the national economy”......379
Quantitative assessment of the economic efficiency of the national economy....383
Problems of increasing the efficiency of the national economy; features of Russia....388
Chapter 22. Accumulation, investments, savings.....395
Contents of the process of accumulation (expansion) of production...395
Basic concepts characterizing the accumulation process.....398
Accumulation rate and efficiency....400
Sources of investment.....402
Theory of the multiplier and accelerator....408
Chapter 23. Macroeconomic equilibrium. Economic cycles and crises....415
Equilibrium of the economic system: general concept and features of the transition economy....415
Aggregate demand and aggregate supply. Theories of macroeconomic equilibrium.....417
Cyclicality as a form of development of a market economy....422
Industrial (classical) cycles and crises.....424
Causes of economic crises and cycles. Basic theories...427
Long waves in economics. Concept by N. Kondratiev....430
Modification of economic (industrial) cycles. Anti-crisis policy of the state...432
Chapter 24. Population. Busy. Labor market. Unemployment....435
Population as a factor in the development of the national economy.....435
Reproduction of labor force....442
Employment and labor market....445
Unemployment: content and forms (types) of manifestation...448
Chapter 25. State regulation of the economy.....456
Two main concepts of the role of the state in a market economy......456
Goals and instruments of economic policy and state regulation of the national economy....463
Indicative planning: content and role in state regulation of a market economy....466
Social policy of the state....469
Social justice and equality. Social differentiation and state redistribution of income....471
Protectionism: content and role in the foreign economic policy of the state....480
Chapter 26. Monetary and financial systems in the process of reproduction at the national level.....483
Money, credit and finance as an objectively necessary form of development of a market economy....483
The country's monetary system....484
Inflation: essence, causes, consequences....487
The country's credit system....490
Financial system and theory of taxation...494
Basic concepts for part III....504
PART IV. Theoretical problems of the world economic system...509
Chapter 27. World economy: essence and patterns of development...510
The content of the concept of “world economy”......510
Globalization: essence, contradictions, development trends....513
Basic patterns of development of the world economic system.....516
World labor market....520
Problems of development of the theory of the world economy after the collapse of the socialist economic system....523
Chapter 28. International division of labor and integration processes in the world economy....527
Origins, trends, forms of implementation of the international division of labor....527
National economy and international division of labor....532
Integration trends in the world economy....536
Chapter 29. Differences in the levels of socio-economic development of countries of the world community. Underdevelopment: economic content and solutions....540
Unevenness and differences in the levels of socio-economic development of countries in the world economy...540
The content of the concept of economic underdevelopment.....546
The evolution of theoretical views on the causes and ways of overcoming underdevelopment....550
Chapter 30. International capital market. Monetary system of the world economy....557
International capital market....557
International monetary system.....566
Chapter 31. Economic aspects of global problems....573
The essence and forms of manifestation of global problems...573
Exacerbation of the environmental crisis in the second half of the 20th century: causes, sources and methods of solution....578
Basic concepts for part IV....588
Alexander ROMANOVSKY
“MANY MEN STILL HAVE NOT GOT RID OF THE DOMESTIC ATTITUDE TOWARDS WOMEN, AND THEREFORE, IN ORDER TO BE A RESPECTED LEADER, A WOMAN NEEDS TO BE A HIGH PROFESSIONAL, WISE, WITH A STRONG CHARACTER, THAT IS, SIGNIFICANTLY ADVANCED TO UNDERSTAND THE MEN AROUND HER ACCORDING TO A WHOLE NUMBER OF PARAMETERS.”
In a magazine for successful women, it is naturally impossible not to pay significant attention to an area that concerns every family - education. And here we find many bright names of those women who, through fruitful work, wrote their names into the golden pages of the history of Russian education.
Today, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation Alla Georgievna Gryaznova answers our questions. This year is an anniversary for her. Exactly 50 years ago she became a student at the Moscow Financial Institute and for exactly 20 years she has been successfully and firmly at the helm of one of the most prestigious universities in Russia - the Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation.
ALLA GEORGIEVNA, THERE ARE NOT WOMEN RECTORS IN OUR COUNTRY
SO MUCH. WHAT IS THIS CONNECTED WITH, IN YOUR VIEW? IS IT DIFFICULT?
BEING THE RECTOR OF SUCH A LARGE AND WELL-KNOWN UNIVERSITY LIKE THE FINANCIAL ACADEMY?
– The position of a woman administrator, teacher and scientist in the education system is more difficult than the similar position of a man. Rector - word male. But when this high position is occupied by a woman, then in addition to the endless “male” concerns, she also has endless “female” concerns (home, family, children - these concerns largely fall on women’s shoulders). It is with the female rector that the problem of time becomes extremely acute. And when it is possible to ensure a judicious approach to the use of time, perhaps one of the greatest difficulties arising for a female rector who has devoted herself to education and science is overcome. I think this is one of the reasons why women are so rare among rectors.
In answer to the second part of your question, I will note the following: it is not difficult for me personally to be at the helm of management of the Financial Academy, although it is a complex, extremely responsible and multifaceted job. There are several reasons for this.
Firstly, before becoming a rector, I went through literally all the steps of institute life: student, graduate student, assistant, senior lecturer, associate professor, professor, head. department, vice-rector for scientific work and international relations and rector for 20 years now. I went through all the forms and levels of social work at the university. This gave me knowledge of all areas of work from the inside, taught me to understand people, and allowed me to accumulate pedagogical and life experience.
Secondly, I was very lucky with my teachers. The professors I studied with were real scholars who knew how to involve us in a creative laboratory of intellectual work. They ignited in us a thirst for knowledge, gave us examples of democratic, simple business communication, gave us so much warmth and cordiality that I still feel their enormous contribution to the development of me as a person!
Thirdly, I have a team of highly qualified colleagues, loyal friends - vice-rectors, directors of institutes, heads of departments, many of whom I have been connected with for decades of friendly collaboration. I'm sure they will never let you down. It is thanks to this team that I, as rector, am able to set and solve many complex strategic tasks.
Fourthly, we have excellent students. They are very interesting and creative people. Probably, this is due to the high competition (7-10 people per place, with more than half of the applicants having gold or silver medals, or diplomas with honors), which allows us to select the best personnel for the academy. It is no coincidence that it was on their initiative that the “Club of Excellent Students”, “Club of Political Dialogue”, theater, vocal, choreographic studios were created... Communication with them gives me a lot of pleasure, they charge me with youthful enthusiasm, although as a rector I am a very strict and demanding person, I don’t give slackers permission and mercilessly expel them from the academy. But this is still a rare occurrence in our country. I am proud of our graduates, their successful career growth, their ability to honestly go through life, remain faithful to their alma mater, and be able to support fellow graduates in difficult times. It’s a great happiness to see such results of your labor!
Fifthly, this is a reliable home base - my friendly family. My husband, children, and even granddaughters always supported me and helped me. My successes are largely connected with them.
ARE THERE ADVANTAGES TO A WOMAN IN A LEADERSHIP POST?
– A woman in a leadership position has many more difficulties than advantages. Many men still have not gotten rid of the domostroevsky attitude towards women, and therefore, in order to be a respected leader, a woman must be a high professional, wise, with a strong character, that is, significantly superior to the men around her in a number of parameters. The difficulty is also associated with a woman’s mission as a wife and mother, which requires significant time for household chores; at the same time, despite any difficulties at work, the ability to give feminine affection and tenderness to her husband, care for children and grandchildren.
As for some of the advantages, they are, perhaps, associated with women’s more subtle intuition, the ability to complete the work started, not to disdain rough work and not to be embarrassed to get involved in small parts, in which the main “pitfalls of failure” are often buried. Sometimes purely feminine charm helps resolve issues, the ability of wise, intelligent men-gentlemen to lend their shoulder, to provide assistance with both advice and action.
YOU OFTEN HAVE TO BE ALONE AMONG THE MASS
MALE RECTORS, HOW DO YOU FEEL?
– It’s very comfortable because I’m surrounded by smart, intelligent men. Each of them is a worthy person, a high professional in his field, and a pleasant conversationalist. I learn a lot from them. Our communication takes place on equal terms; they often seek advice on certain issues; often, for professional reasons, I am asked to lead the preparation of certain fundamental issues, conduct complex scientific discussions, and act as a consolidating principle...
WHY DID YOU DECIDE TO CONNECT YOUR PROFESSIONAL
LIFE WITH SUCH A CHALLENGING SPECIALTY – FINANCE?
YOU WERE SERIOUSLY PARTICIPATED IN BALLET, AND YOU COULD
DEVOTE YOURSELF TO THIS HIGH ART?
- This is how the circumstances developed. At school I was an excellent student, wrote poetry, drew, studied ballet and dreamed of becoming a teacher of Russian language and literature. But... when I finished 7th grade, trouble happened. Mom became seriously ill, and doctors did not guarantee her life. My dad and I decided that I needed to go to a technical school in order to quickly acquire a profession and “get on my feet” and supplement the modest family budget - after all, I am the eldest daughter, and the other children are much younger than me. When the most dear person - my mother - was dying, I had no time to choose a profession. Next to my father’s work, a financial college was temporarily located in the school building (for the period of renovation). That's where they sent my documents. In addition, since schoolchildren studied during the day, classes at the technical school began in the evening. It was very convenient: I could stay with my mother all day, and in the evening my father would replace me.
The first two weeks I was very sad in class: debit, credit, balance, balance, some accounts... Oh, how boring these words sounded! But then the bright, elegant Tatyana Borisovna Shchelokova, a teacher of Russian language and literature, came to the class. The sun rose for me in the classroom. It illuminated even boring terms with its rays, and suddenly the poetry of numbers began to sound in lessons on accounting, savings, finance... Studying became very interesting, and I am grateful to fate for these happy three years.
Well, after graduating from technical school, she was among the 5% of excellent graduates who was recommended to continue her studies at the Moscow Financial Institute.
I believe that everyone should mind their own business, and if it also brings joy, then why should he cheat? After all, it is a great happiness to have the opportunity to pass on one’s knowledge, communicate with talented young people, help them master the complex and responsible profession of an economist, and contribute to the formation of versatile personalities. And even if not in Russian language and literature, but in economic theory, economics and finance, I still came to teaching work.
YOUR ENTIRE PROFESSIONAL LIFE IS CONNECTED WITH THE FINANCIAL ACADEMY, WHICH HAS ALWAYS STUDYED A LOT OF YOUNG WOMEN. COULD YOU COMPARE YOUR STUDENTS?
CLASSMATES, THOSE WHO STUDYED WITH YOU MANY YEARS AGO, AND THOSE WHO
LEARNING TODAY. ARE THEY MUCH DIFFERENT FROM EACH OTHER?
– Yes, the differences are huge! Although there are many similarities - after all, students always remain students. These are cheerful, freedom-loving, cheerful people who have their whole life ahead of them.
My student memories date back to the 50s. The peculiarities of life in those years were still associated with the echoes of the war and poverty. Many students borrowed money until the next scholarship and worked part-time: girls as cleaners, boys as loaders. Life was difficult, but at that time it was perceived as normal, without psychological stress - after all, everyone around him lived like that. We had our own friendly companies with whom we continue to communicate even now. There were their favorite teachers, naive debates about love and friendship, working on potatoes near Moscow, summer construction teams, the development of virgin lands, vibrant Komsomol life, numerous hikes and excursions. This generation of students was distinguished by a thirst for knowledge, collectivism, purity and naivety of judgment, faith in a bright future, patriotism, and in appearance - modesty in clothing and naturalness in appearance. Boys were a rarity among future financiers. At that time, technical universities were prestigious.
Today's female students differ in both their appearance and their life attitudes. They dress fashionably, well, with the help of makeup they correct the “imperfections” of nature, they are free, relaxed in their behavior, there is no narrow-mindedness. They are more diversified (many take courses foreign languages, V music schools, sports sections, art studios), they have a huge information resource. In their life attitudes they are very pragmatic. Their main drawback is that they read little, do not know enough classical literature and history, receiving a significant amount of information in finished form through the media, especially television, video, and the Internet. Meanwhile, it is reading that provides significant food for the mind, stimulates the development of imaginative thinking, and helps to form one’s own judgment and perception of life.
The transition to a market economy has radically changed attitudes towards financial professions. They have become one of the most sought-after, promising and highly paid. New financial professions and financial institutions have emerged. Specialists in the field of crisis management, financial managers, auditors, and business appraisers have become in demand. The demographic composition of students has also changed. Today the ratio of women and men in the academy is 57% and 43% (in the 50s it was 85% and 15%, respectively).
Many graduates of the Financial Academy occupy high positions in the legislative and executive authorities, in the financial and banking system. These are deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation N. Maksimova and E. Panina, head of the Economics and Finance Service of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation L. Kudelina, head of the Department of International Relations of the Government of the Russian Federation T. Valovaya, member of the National Banking Council of Russia N. Ivanova, deputy chairmen of Sberbank of the Russian Federation A. Aleshkina , B. Zlatkis and many others.
Among the youngest talented students, the undisputed leaders are representatives of the “weaker” sex. At the ages of 10 and 11 years old, Angela and Diana Knyazev entered the Financial Academy, completed a five-year curriculum in three years and, having received diplomas with honors, were accepted into graduate school at the Department of International Monetary, Credit and Financial Relations. Now they are undergoing an internship at Stanford University in the USA and writing their dissertations. In 2004, at the age of 12, Ksenia Lepeshkina from the village of Burannye near Magnitogorsk entered the Institute of International Economic Relations of the Financial Academy to major in World Economics. The girl is an excellent student and has already won a competition for the best student research paper.
YOU HAVE SAID REPEATEDLY WHAT YOUR WORK MEANS TO YOU.
SO MANY. SOMETIMES YOU WORK FROM EARLY MORNING TILL LATE NIGHT. BUT WITH THIS WORK SCHEDULE, DO YOU HAVE ENOUGH TIME FOR YOUR PERSONAL LIFE? AND WHAT DO YOU CONSIDER “PERSONAL”
LIFE"?
– The position of rector is a huge responsibility for a team of thousands, often working 12 hours a day, a huge economy that has to be managed. But when you know and love your work, you see that it brings significant benefits to people, when you have friends and colleagues nearby who are ready to work as a team, when you have the happiness of communicating with young talented students and graduate students, then work becomes less of a burden, but in joy. The Academy for me is my home.
I have very little free time; I dedicate it to my charming granddaughters. Among my latest achievements: I taught Mashenka to play tennis. Now, as a single team, we “challenge” the parents to fight. I also like to “swallow” with my feet up on the sofa. historical novel. At one time, my husband and I decided that we should definitely make time to go to the theater, cinema, or concert at least once or twice a month... But there are, however, also “theater binges” - that’s what my husband called the time of various international congresses , when we, together with their participants, go to theaters or concerts for 2-3 days in a row.
I consider a “happy personal life” to be a situation in which in the morning you want to go to an interesting creative work, to meet with colleagues, and in the evening, with no less joy, rush home, where family and friends are waiting. That's exactly how it is for me. And I am grateful to fate for my personal life.
WHAT, IN PRINCIPLE, PLACE IN A WOMAN'S LIFE SHOULD BE WORK, AND WHAT PLACE SHOULD BE FAMILY? WHICH POINT OF VIEW IS CLOSE TO YOU: TRADITIONAL, FEMINIST, OR SOMETHING IN MEDIUM,
COMPROMISE?
– I prefer a reasonable point of view. Each woman must decide for herself which place to different stages her life should be occupied by work, and what should be occupied by family. I always had to combine work with family matters. Therefore, I accustomed myself to strict internal discipline, to rational use time. A person should have a cozy home in which he could temporarily forget about all problems and difficulties. I am very lucky: my family is my reliable support. True, I would like to devote more time to my charming granddaughters.
WHAT IS, FROM YOUR POINT OF VIEW, A “SUCCESSFUL WOMAN”?
– In short, a “successful woman” is one who realizes her creative potential and enjoys it.
WHAT QUALITIES IN PEOPLE YOU MOST IMPOSED, AND
WHAT, ON THE CONTRARY, DO YOU STRICTLY NOT ACCEPT?
– I value kindness, decency, determination, integrity, and sociability in people. I can't stand lies. I never forgive her to anyone. All my students and graduate students know that I only need to tell the truth. I myself never lie. And if I make a promise, I always keep it. I consider envy to be one of the most disgusting traits. It eats away a person from the inside.
YOUR WORK AND SOCIAL LIFE ARE IN VIEW OF EVERYONE, BUT MANY ARE INTERESTED IN YOUR PERSONAL LIFE. COULD YOU TELL A LITTLE ABOUT YOUR PARENTS, ABOUT THOSE WHO FORMED ALLA GRYAZNOVOY'S CHARACTER?
– I was born in Moscow into a simple working family. And for the rest of her life she retained in her heart that unique atmosphere that reigned in parental home: complete mutual respect, trust and love, reverent attitude of mother and father towards each other. This atmosphere is still an example for me today of how to build a family.
There were four children in the family. The parents joked: “We have a complete balance - two girls and two boys, two were born in November and two in December, two with blue eyes and two with brown.” The balance was maintained in subsequent professional life - two took up mental work (sisters), and two took up physical work (cabinet makers).
We lived in a communal apartment, in a room with an area of about 12 square meters. Since such a room could not fit more than two beds, the parents slept on one of them (one-and-a-half), and we slept on the other (double) (girls in one direction, boys in the other). I am still amazed how, under these conditions, my mother managed to ensure impeccable cleanliness, order, and comfort in the house. And it’s absolutely fantastic how they managed to create a comfortable environment for studying. The small double-door wardrobe had large mirror on the door. So my mother allowed me to turn it into a blackboard. When preparing homework with the younger children, in order to prevent corrections in the notebooks, I first called them one by one “to the board” and with the help of chalk we solved problems on the mirror. The chalk, of course, crumbled, and the mirror could have been damaged, but my mother’s wisdom was enough for everything. For her, it was more important to create conditions for studying. It was from these childhood years that, apparently, my love for teaching began.
And from my parents I learned a tolerant attitude towards other people’s shortcomings and a strict self-assessment of my own actions, the ability to come to the aid of people without waiting to be asked for it, and without expecting reciprocal steps on their part. The iron rule “You made a promise - keep it, no matter what the cost” and the iron credo “Shared grief is half grief, and shared joy is doubly joy” have become my life guidelines.
In 1959, I first crossed the threshold of the Moscow Financial Institute. Since then, I have had one place of work - my native MFI, now the Financial Academy. Here fate brought me together with many wonderful people - great scientists, talented organizers, heroes and humble workers. For example, there was a person in my life who had the strongest influence - Mariam Semyonovna Atlas, a woman with an absolutely amazing destiny. She gave us our very first lectures at the Financial Academy, and how she read! We students simply fell in love with her. He is a brilliant speaker, a talented teacher-methodologist, a kind and sympathetic senior friend. A prominent scientist, author of many textbooks on the development of the country's banking system and economic theory. She has encyclopedic economic knowledge, a musical education, knows history and world literature very well, and reads Pushkin, Lermontov, Shakespeare, Goethe by heart. Mariam Semyonovna Atlas became not only my favorite teacher, but also a teacher in life, a “scientific mother”. She was my supervisor during the preparation of my candidate's dissertation, which I defended in 1964, and my scientific adviser for my doctoral dissertation (1975). M.S. Atlas entrusted me with her favorite department of economic theory, which she continuously headed for almost 30 years, and when I became the head of the department, she helped me like a mother. Until the age of 90, she gave lectures, led scientific seminars, and organized major international congresses. Now she is 94 years old, her age is showing. When I visited her at home, she sang two songs with the same enthusiasm - “Katyusha” and “Across the Valleys and Over the Hills”, and she sang from beginning to end, and not the way we sing - one or two verses, and that’s it. This is what the old guard means! From her I adopted a flexible management style (sometimes it’s better not to order, but to ask; it’s easier to implement decisions that have matured as a result of preliminary democratic discussion), the ability to separate the main from the secondary, and not to disdain dirty work. She taught me to enjoy the successes of others more than my own. And how much worldly wisdom she showed when building her family life! I am very far from her, but I tried to adopt a lot and am grateful to fate that I was able to walk next to this wonderful woman for 50 years.
ALLA GEORGIEVNA, YOU HAVE BEEN AT THE HELM OF MANAGEMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY FOR 20 YEARS. WHICH
WERE STRATEGICALLY IMPORTANT TASKS SOLVED DURING THIS TIME?
– In short, instead of a good small chamber university with a teaching area of 9 thousand square meters and two thousand students who studied in 4 faculties, we now have one of the leading and most prestigious universities in the country.
Firstly, it is a large educational center with 19 institutes. It simultaneously trains 10 thousand students, undergraduates, graduate students, and doctoral students from 40 countries; 20 thousand specialists annually undergo advanced training.
Secondly, it is a large center for scientific research, where fundamental and applied research is conducted, textbooks and teaching aids are prepared for economic universities in Russia and other CIS countries; A lot of expert work is being carried out on assignments from the State Duma, the Federation Council, and the Government of the Russian Federation; Scientific developments are carried out on orders from individual ministries, departments and companies.
Thirdly, it is a large methodological center that heads the All-Russian Educational and Methodological Association for a group of economic specialties, which includes 702 universities and their branches. Here, state educational standards, curricula and plans are developed, and experience is exchanged in order to improve the content and teaching methods.
Fourthly, it is the center for the implementation of many international programs. The Financial Academy has concluded agreements with universities and financial and banking institutions in 50 countries, students and teachers are being exchanged, and joint scientific developments are being prepared. We have reached the level of “double diplomas” with universities in a number of countries. Thus, on July 8, 2004, in a solemn ceremony, a large group of students who successfully completed a one-year internship at Bloomsburg University (USA) were simultaneously awarded by the rectors two diplomas: Russian - from the Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation and American - from Bloomsburg University.
Fifthly, it is a center for intellectual education. Much attention is paid to the formation of a multifaceted intelligent personality. Numerous scientific circles, discussion clubs, literary and musical lectures, a chess club, numerous sports sections, a student theater, vocal and choreographic studios, KVN competitions, “Miss and Mister Academy”, Alumni Club...
We attach great importance to patriotic education. We regularly hold evening meetings of war and labor veterans; New Year's charity concerts for children in orphanages and New Year's trees prepared by the students themselves have become a good tradition. The Financial Academy led the preparation and holding at the Rossiya State Central Concert Hall of the Moscow festival of songs of past years “It was recently, it was a long time ago,” to which we invite veteran organizations of Moscow and the Moscow region. In general, real student life is in full swing, in which personalities are formed and their civic positions are developed.
Sixth, the material and technical base has changed radically. The total area is over 120 thousand square meters, a library and information complex with 1 million books in 40 languages, a sports and fitness center with a swimming pool, gyms, a plant Catering, own clinic, dormitories. IN educational process 40 computer classes were used, a multimedia library was created, and they are widely used technical means training, electronic textbooks have been developed for all basic and graduating departments.
All this became possible thanks to the friendly and well-coordinated work of the entire team.
WHAT WOULD YOU WISH FOR WOMEN WORKING IN HIGHER
SCHOOL?
– First of all, I bow to them for their noble work, which, unfortunately, is still undeservingly paid. With all my heart I wish all women working in higher education creative inspiration, good health, good students, talented graduate students, great personal happiness, good luck, success and... reliable financial well-being.
