The design of the belt sander

The tree is widely used for the manufacture of all kinds of products and parts. In order to process a wooden blank properly, various equipment is used. Careful high-precision processing of wood is carried out on belt grinders, which, as a working body have an abrasive belt .

The design of the grinding unit provides:

1. Abrasive belt that can be placed horizontally or vertically. It is mounted on a frame and placed between the rotating drums.
2. Leading and driven drums. The rotation of the main drum is due to electric motor, which transmits torque through a belt drive. The speed of rotation of the leading element, and hence the speed of the belt, can be adjusted by specially set surface treatment modes.
3. The equipment table can be wooden or metal. On a metal base, more complex workpieces can be sharpened.
4. The electric motor should have a power of about 2.8 kW and be able to provide the tape with a normal speed of 20 meters per second.
5. A special mounting hood must be installed in order to technological process it was possible to remove the dust formed during operation.

The length of the machine and its working tool depends on product length. which will be processed on it. It is much more convenient to work with workpieces that are shorter than the work surface.

What are grinding machines for?

As a rule, the equipment is used for finishing machining of products on final stages production. Belt sanders can work with both wood and metal.

woodworking equipment capable final leveling of surfaces. remove roughness and irregularities in the form of elevations or depressions, peel off burrs, grind curves, do internal grinding, achieve even and smooth surfaces of the product.

Machine tools for metal work with non-ferrous metals in the form of flat, round and quadrangular blanks and with plain and alloyed steel. They are able to grind large-diameter pipes and round timber rationally and in a short time.

In addition, belt grinders intended:

• for grinding products before the procedure of paintwork;
• for processing bar and panel blanks, their side edges and ends;
• for processing flat surfaces;
• for grinding curved surfaces.

Manufacturing instructions

Having studied the design of the equipment, you should decide what its main elements will be made of.

What to make a bed from?

It is best to make a desktop from thick iron. The ideal dimensions of the canvas are 500x180x20 mm. However, the larger the dimensions of the frame, the more options various details on it can be processed.

Large work surface it will be much more convenient and functional than a small bed. For its manufacture you will need:

1. Cut off one of the sides of the canvas prepared for the table using a metal milling machine.
2. Make markup.
3. Drill three holes in the end of the cut workpiece.
4. Secure the work platform to the bed using three bolts.

Selection and installation of the engine for the machine

The engine for the unit can be a motor from washing machine. If this is not available, then you can choose a motor whose rated power will be up to 3 kW, and the intensity of work - about 1500 rpm. The power unit for the grinding machine should be firmly and securely fixed to the frame.

Leading and driven drums

You can make such elements for a grinding machine with your own hands from a material such as chipboard. For this you need:

1. cut out chipboard sheet blanks with dimensions of 200x200 mm.
2. Assemble a package with a thickness of 240 mm from the obtained blanks.
3. Fold everything and grind it to the optimum diameter of 200 mm.
4. Attach the drive drum to the motor shaft. It will set the tape in motion.
5. Mount the driven drum around the machine axle on bearings. In this case, there must be a special bevel on the side of the drum. This will help ensure the tape has a soft touch to the working surface.

When making drums, it is worth considering that diameter of their central part should be a couple of millimeters larger than the outer diameter. This is necessary to ensure the stable operation of the equipment, since the flexible tape will be in the middle of the drum.

DIY sanding belt

As a sanding belt, you can take several emery strips. They will need to be cut into pieces 200 mm long and glued. The ideal option the basis for the canvas will be tarpaulin.

Having assembled the structure from all the selected elements, you can safely proceed to the processing of wood.

Grinding machine from a manual grinder

Taking a manual grinder as a basis, the rest of the equipment parts can be made from chipboard, pine and birch bars with your own hands. The U-shaped stop is glued with PVA glue, the remaining elements of the unit are connected with screws.

The base of the machine can serve as hinged two pieces of chipboard. For greater strength, the hinges are fastened with M6 bolts.

The grinder is installed to the base with the help of bars, which are pre-adjusted to the shape of the body and glued with pieces of rubber on top.

In front, the grinder is attached to a suitable size with furniture confirmers. With their help, the grinding plane can be set in the desired position.

Behind the base, the machine is attached with a bar and two screws. In order for the thrust pad to be in line with the grinding plane, pieces of soft rubber can be glued under the body.

In the horizontal part of the U-shaped stop, a groove can be made to move a small carriage, which may come in handy i for sharpening electric planer knives .

After fixing and adjusting the grinder, the machine can begin to operate.

Having studied the options for making a belt grinder with your own hands, and strictly following the instructions, you can acquire multifunctional equipment. Such equipment will be able not only to grind wood products, but also to sharpen any cutting tools.

Do-it-yourself homemade wood grinder

During the manufacture of wooden structures, it is imperative to clean their surfaces. Manual labor take a long time and not be productive. Factory grinding centers are expensive. Therefore, in some cases it is more expedient to make a machine with your own hands.

The design of the drum machine

factory grinder

Manufacturing should begin with a study of the design features of this type of equipment. grinding machine drum type intended for processing wooden surfaces, their alignment and deburring.

The device belongs to the type of surface grinders for wood, which perform the function of calibration. There are many models and types of equipment. But the main task before making the unit with your own hands is to choose the optimal design. The best option is a detailed acquaintance with factory analogues and drawing up a manufacturing scheme based on the data obtained.

Structurally, the machine should consist of the following components:

• frame. The main parts of the equipment are attached to it;
• power unit. Most often, an asynchronous electric motor is installed for this;
• grinding drum. It is important to choose the right diameter, the method of chip removal. With your own hands, you can make the base on which the emery tape is installed. Or order a cylindrical head with a cutting edge from a professional turner. It all depends on the type of work;
• a device for changing the frequency of the motor shaft;
• Desktop. The workpiece will be located on it. Experts recommend that when making a machine with their own hands, this component should be made of fiberglass;

Additionally, in drum grinding equipment, it is possible to provide for a mechanism for removing dust and chips from the processing zone. It is also recommended to make a desktop with a variable height relative to the working drum. This will allow you to process part of the end of the wooden blank.

If it is necessary to grind the outer or inner plane of the board, the drum must be placed horizontally. At the same time, it is possible to adjust its height.

Types of grinding drum machines

Drum machine for wood with horizontal processing

The next step is to choose the design of the woodworking machine. The main parameter is the shape of the wooden blank and the degree of its processing. Homemade drum-type equipment is designed to form even and smooth surfaces with a small area.

Factory production lines require special processing centers. They have complex functionality, they can simultaneously perform several operations. However, their main disadvantage is their high cost. Therefore, as home equipment they are not worth considering.

There are the following types of machining centers:

• surface grinding. Processing is performed in one plane. Can be used as an example for self-manufacturing;
• circular grinding. Are intended for processing of cylindrical surfaces. To do this, the package includes several nozzles with different diameters;
• planetary. With their help, a flat plane is formed on products with a large area.

To complete a small home workshop, surface grinding models are most often chosen. They are characterized by a simple design, availability of components and relatively fast manufacturing.

In addition to leveling with drum sanders, you can remove a layer of paint or varnish. They are used for restoration old furniture or wooden interior details with your own hands.

Self-made grinding machine

Homemade grinding drum

The simplest do-it-yourself machine model is a drill that is mounted on a bed. Grinding cylinders are machined from wood and sandpaper with the required grain size is attached to their surface.

But such a design has little functionality. For processing medium volumes, it is recommended to make wood equipment according to a different principle. First of all, you need to choose the right power unit. Most often, an electric motor with a power of up to 2 kW and a speed of up to 1500 rpm is used. These requirements are met by asynchronous models that can be taken from old household appliances - a washing machine or a vacuum cleaner.

Manufacturing procedure homemade machine.

1. Frame. It must be stable enough. Therefore, it is made of sheet steel with a thickness of 1.5 mm or more. Alternatively, 10 mm thick plexiglass can be considered.
2. The motor is mounted in such a way that the shaft is in a vertical plane.
3. Drum for processing. If it is planned to perform only grinding work, an abrasive belt is installed on it. For deeper processing, you will need to make a steel cone with a cutting edge.
4. Desktop. It is located at the top of the diagram. It is recommended to make it adjustable relative to the stationary cylinder.
5. Control block. Do-it-yourself designs rarely provide for the possibility of adjusting the engine speed. Therefore, the block will consist of buttons for turning the unit on and off.

During the operation of the equipment, chips and wood dust will inevitably form. You can improve the design by installing a branch pipe of a household vacuum cleaner in the processing area.

In the video material you can see an example of the work of a do-it-yourself design:

Drawing example

How to make a grinding machine with your own hands: instructions, descriptions and recommendations

Contrary to all stereotypes: a girl with a rare genetic disorder conquers the fashion world This girl's name is Melanie Gaidos, and she burst into the fashion world swiftly, shocking, inspiring and destroying stupid stereotypes.

Our ancestors slept differently than we do. What are we doing wrong? It's hard to believe, but scientists and many historians are inclined to believe that modern man sleeps quite differently from his ancient ancestors. Initially.

What is it like to be a virgin at 30? What, I wonder, women who did not have sex until almost reaching middle age.

Never do this in a church! If you're not sure if you're doing the right thing in church or not, then you're probably not doing the right thing. Here is a list of the terrible ones.

15 Cancer Symptoms Women Most Often Ignore Many of the signs of cancer are similar to those of other illnesses or conditions and are often overlooked. Pay attention to your body. If you notice.

Top 10 Broken Stars It turns out that sometimes even the loudest glory ends in failure, as is the case with these celebrities.

Belt sander: we study and do it ourselves

A belt grinder is used in cases where it is necessary to finish the parts, that is, as equipment for finishing technological operations. Most often, such machines are used in the furniture industry, they are used to process parts made from wood of various species. But it is also possible to use a belt grinder for processing metal parts, for which a belt with an appropriate abrasive material is used.

Applications of the machine

The main tasks performed by the belt grinding group are: final leveling of the treated surface, bringing the surface roughness to the required level, bringing the treated surfaces to the level of smoothness before varnishing and other finishing materials. Also, the tape machine is used to eliminate minor defects in the machined surface: recesses, elevations and burrs, processing finish coat: removal of primer and varnish deposits, burrs, sanding internal surfaces, processing roundings on the surface of the part.

A factory-made option, the drawings of which can be used to create a similar home-made device.

The belt machine can be used to process parts made of various materials: wood, plain and alloy steel. non-ferrous metals. What is convenient, you can process parts with a belt machine that have different shape: square, round and flat. With this equipment, it is possible to process round and tubular parts that differ large diameter its cross section.

Design features of the machine

The working tool of any belt surface grinder is a belt, on the surface of which an abrasive powder is applied. It is made in the form of a ring and is placed between two rotating drums, one of which is the master and the second is the slave.

The rotation on the drive shaft of the tape machine is transmitted from the electric motor, which is connected to it by means of a belt drive. The speed of the belt mechanism can be adjusted, thereby changing the modes of processing parts. The belt of a surface grinder can be located horizontally or vertically, as well as at a certain angle, which is allowed by some models of equipment in this category.

When choosing a model of a belt grinder for processing a particular part, it is important to consider the length of the surface that needs to be grinded. It is much more convenient to process parts on such machines, the surface length of which is less than the length of the abrasive belt and the desktop. Under such conditions, the quality of processing will be much higher.

A homemade version of the machine is not so difficult to implement in a home workshop

The belt sander can be of various designs: with a movable and fixed work table, with a free belt. A separate category includes wide-belt equipment, the peculiarity of which is that their desktop, which is also a feed element, is made in the form of a caterpillar. In those models of equipment that have a working table in their design, the abrasive belt is located in a horizontal plane, and in equipment with a free belt, in which a working table is not provided, it can have a different spatial position.

Compulsory constructive element any belt sander, including a desktop one, is exhaust device required to remove dust, in large numbers generated during processing. Both professional and any homemade grinder used in a home workshop or garage is powered by an electric motor.

Principle of operation

The main parameters of the belt grinder are the feed rate and the force with which the belt is pressed against the workpiece. Parameters such as the degree of grit of the abrasive belt should be selected depending on what material the workpiece is made of, as well as the degree of roughness that the surface of the machined product should have.

The characteristics of the material to be processed, in particular its hardness, primarily influence the grit size of the abrasive belt. The processing modes that are directly related to each other are the feed speed and the belt pressure. So, if grinding is carried out at high speed, but with a slight pressing force of the abrasive belt, then some parts of the surface of the part may turn out to be untreated. If, on the contrary, you increase the pressing force and reduce the feed rate, then you may encounter the fact that burns and blackening of the material may appear in certain areas of the treated surface.

Another variation of the machine is a view from the side of the working surface of the tape

The results of grinding are also influenced by how well the abrasive tape is glued together. In order to obtain a high quality finish and not to experience a malfunction of the band machine, do not use abrasive belts that are not glued correctly or have torn edges. When putting on the tape on the shafts of the equipment, it should be positioned so that the end of the seam, which is overlapping, does not lift up on the surface of the workpiece, but slips along it. Learn more about gluing the tape in the video below.

Any, including a manual grinding machine, should provide for the possibility of adjusting the belt tension, which is ensured by moving a movable shaft that is not driven. Tape tension is a very important parameter, the choice of which should be guided by the "golden mean" rule. If the belt of the grinder is too tight, then this can lead to its breakage during operation, and too little tension will cause slippage and, as a result, its excessive heating. The main characteristic for determining the degree of tension of the tape is the arrow of its deflection, which is measured by lightly pressing on its surface in a taut state.

The manual belt grinding machine of the group can be operated by one operator, who moves the desktop with the workpiece and rotates it so as to bring all parts of its surface under the abrasive belt.

How to make a belt sander

Many home craftsmen and professionals are wondering how to make a grinder with their own hands. The reason for this question is quite simple: the high cost of mass-produced grinding equipment, which, with irregular use, not everyone can recoup. In order to make such equipment, you will need several basic components: an electric motor, rollers and a reliable frame. Naturally, the drawings of such a device or its photo will not be superfluous. Also at the end of the article you can watch videos on assembling a tape machine on your own.

The motor for belt sanding equipment is easy to find, it can be removed from a used washing machine. The bed will have to be made independently, for this you can use a sheet of metal with dimensions of 500x180x20 mm. One side of the frame should be cut very evenly, since it will be necessary to attach the platform on which the electric motor will be mounted to it. The platform for the electric motor should also be made of a sheet of metal with dimensions of 180x160x10 mm. Such a platform must be fixed to the bed very securely with a few bolts.

Another version of the bed

The efficiency of a belt grinder directly depends on the characteristics of the electric motor that is installed on it. If you are going to make a grinding machine with your own hands, then an electric motor with a power of 2.5–3 kW, developing about 1500 rpm, is quite suitable for you. In order to use such an engine sanding belt moved at a speed of 20 m/s, the drums should have a diameter of about 200 mm. Which is convenient, if you choose an engine with such characteristics, then you do not need to make a gearbox for your grinding machine.

The drive shaft is connected directly to the motor shaft, and the second - the driven one - must rotate freely on the axis, which is installed in the bearing units. In order for the abrasive belt to more smoothly touch the surface of the workpiece, the section of the bed on which the driven shaft is installed should be made with a slight bevel.

It is possible to make shafts for a belt grinder with minimal financial costs from a chipboard. You simply cut square blanks 200x200 mm in size from such a plate, drill central holes in them and put them on the axle with a package with a total thickness of 240 mm. After that, you just have to grind the resulting package and make a round shaft out of it with a diameter of about 200 mm.

Drawings and a detailed analysis of some parts of a machine made of wood.

Wood belt sander (click to enlarge)

Table Tilt Adjustment Mechanism Plate Unit Belt Tensioner Complete Machine

In order for the tape to be located strictly in the middle of the shaft, the diameter of its central part must be 2-3 mm larger than at the edges. And in order to prevent slippage of the tape on the drum, it is necessary to wind a layer of thin rubber around it, for which you can use old tire from a bicycle wheel, after cutting it along its entire length.

The sanding belt for such a machine, the optimal width of which should correspond to 200 mm, is made from an ordinary emery cloth. The standard cloth is cut into strips of the required width, and an abrasive tape is already glued from them. It should be borne in mind that the material is glued end-to-end; for this, dense matter is placed on the reverse side, which will strengthen the resulting seam. The properties of such a seam are greatly influenced by glue, it must be of very high quality, then the material will not tear along the seam after a short use.

A few more options for manufacturing belt grinders can be seen in the video below.

On a homemade belt grinder, you can not only process wood products, but also use it for sharpening various instrument: chisels, secateurs, knives, axes, etc. In addition, on such machines it is possible to process parts that have a curved surface.

Wood grinding machine - do it yourself or buy it?

One of the main ways to process wood (after sawing, of course) is sanding. The manual method has long been known - wooden beam ok is wrapped in sandpaper, and with the help of such a simple device, the workpiece is given the required shape.

The method is unproductive, and requires a fair amount of physical effort. Masters who work with wood regularly use small-scale mechanization.

Types of grinding machines

For sale are a variety of ready-made fixtures, with which you can process wooden blanks of any size. To understand the mechanism of work, consider some of them:

Disc grinder

Based on the name, the working surface is made in the form of a disk.


The design is quite simple - a circle with good rigidity is put on the axis of the electric motor. The outer surface has a Velcro coating on which sandpaper is attached. No gearboxes or drive mechanisms are required. The grinding force is small, the rotor axis copes well with the loads.

In the transverse plane, at the level of the center of the disk, a handrest is installed. It can be hinged, which allows you to process workpieces at a fixed angle.

A feature of disk machines is the adjustment of the processing speed without changing the number of revolutions of the axis. You simply move the workpiece along the radius of the circle. With a single angular velocity, the linear velocity at the periphery is higher.

Belt sander

A strip of sandpaper connected in a continuous band is stretched between two shafts.


And emery in working area does not sag under the pressure of the workpiece. A persistent working plane is installed under the tape, made of a material with a low coefficient of friction. Pressing the material being processed to the plane, the operator gets an endless abrasive surface.

The quality, and the ease of processing, cannot be compared with manual fixtures. In mass production wooden products, such a sledge is an indispensable attribute of any workshop.

The main feature is a predictable result throughout the entire plane. You can level the ends of a sufficiently large length.

The working surface can be horizontal or vertical, as well as the direction of the tape.

Drum grinder

Such a device can be attributed to grinding units with some stretch. The main application is the horizontal alignment of planes using the jointer method.


The principle of operation is as follows - sandpaper is fixed on one or two drums. The most common method is spiral winding. Below, under the drum, there is a flat table. The distance between the processing surface and the table is adjustable. By setting a fixed height, you can calibrate the same type of products, aligning the thickness of the workpieces.

Grinding machine two in one

To save space (and money), manufacturers often combine two types of fixtures in one design.


This not only reduces acquisition costs, but also improves user experience. When processing one part, you can enjoy the advantages of two grinding units at once: disc and belt. In this case, the engine is used alone, and the load on it does not increase much.

Looking at the finished designs, it becomes clear how to make a grinding machine with your own hands. There are no problems with consumables, so you can immediately design the device for specific tasks. Any universal fixture loses to narrow-profile.

DIY grinding machine

When you have a ready-made (and conditionally free) electric motor, all mechanisms are designed around it. If the engine still has to be purchased, it makes sense to choose it according to its parameters.
The main characteristic is, of course, power. RPMs are not that important, they can be adjusted with a pulley (for tape drives) or a circle diameter (for disk models).

Grinding machine power calculation

Let's take a tape drive as an example.
The motor power is calculated using a complex formula, but if the initial data is available, it is not difficult to obtain the desired value.

• q - pressure of the workpiece on the working surface of the emery (N / cm²)
• S - area of ​​​​contact of the workpiece with emery (cm²)
• K is the coefficient of the working surface of the sandpaper in relation to the workpiece. Depends on the grain size and density of the wood. Limit of values: 0.2 - 0.6
• k - coefficient of friction of the reverse side of the emery on the persistent working plane
• U - speed of linear movement of the tape (m / s)
• n is the efficiency of the system.

Important! Traditionally, in the manufacture of homemade products, calculations are carried out "by eye". Then, when you turn it on for the first time, it turns out that the power is either excessive (we shoot sparrows from cannons), or the engine stops at the slightest pressure on the working plane by the workpiece. Therefore, the calculation of parameters should be taken more seriously.

If you decide to create a woodworking machine with your own hands, you will need drawings. The illustration shows how important it is to comply with all standards and sizes.


Even with a slight distortion, the machine simply will not work. The tape will "leave" to the side, and the motor shaft will vibrate. Yes, and the tension unit must be assembled with high accuracy.

You should also take care of safety (the sharp edge of the emery belt, when rotated, can cause serious injury). And sawdust flying in all directions (or even worse - wood dust) require eye protection. Usually an elementary transparent screen above the working area is enough.

Homemade wood grinder - an example of a successful design

Don't forget about job security. On top of the rotating disk we attach an arch - a protective cover. This is not a measure for aesthetics, touching a rotating disk can break a finger or seriously damage the skin.

Important! The surface of the handrest must be sanded to perfect smoothness. The lacquer coating is undesirable, it will be erased unevenly, and the workpiece will move with difficulty.

Similarly, you can assemble a drum machine. It will be useful, for example, when preparing boards for flooring or a wooden table.

The main thing is a massive frame. Support bearings and a wide drum are taken from a decommissioned belt conveyor, as well as the engine.


The main task is to provide an ideal horizon between the axis of the drum and the table top. The working surface is ground down to the final polishing. The material for the table is better to take harder.

Oak boards are too expensive, so beech can be used. Mandatory drum element grinder- table height adjuster. The screw mechanism must have a lock, from spontaneous unwinding during vibration.

If the bed turned out to be not very heavy, you should fix the legs on the floor. Otherwise, the machine may tip over during work. When processing thick and uneven boards, a serious effort is applied.

Conclusion:
It is not necessary to spend your savings on the purchase of industrial machines. All the considered designs can be made independently.

The electric drill is universal tool, since not only drills and cutters, but also wooden parts can be clamped into its chuck, if the device is used in a lathe. Need for drilling machine occurs when the home master needs to drill holes at right angles. In this case, the master faces a choice: buy a ready-made drilling stand or make a machine from a drill with his own hands. We will show you how to implement the second option.

In the manufacture of a stand for fixing a drill, it is necessary to understand the principle of its operation, and show imagination in the manufacture of its individual components.

Rack Option #1

For example, the following is an instruction for making a drill fixture from simple improvised materials.

1. To attach the drill to the sled, clamps are used, under which a rubber gasket is placed.
2. To raise and lower the movable part of the sled to which the power tool is attached, a stand with a lever is used.
   
3. To limit the depth of drilling, an adjustable stop is installed under the lever.
4. The fixed part of the slide is attached to the pipe with a flange.
   
5. The vertical and horizontal parts of the pipe are connected by an elbow. Required for connection maintain a right angle. The vertical pipe is fixed in a flange screwed to the frame. Instead of a pipe, you can use “kerchiefs” made of chipboard, which are fixed to the frame and to the fixed part of the slide using euro screws (confirmations).
6. On the movable platform, it is necessary to make 4 holes for the clamps used to clamp the body of the device. Also on the side that will be turned to the fixed part of the rack, it is necessary to glue the rails. For better glide, they are lubricated with paraffin.
   
   
7. In order to prevent the body of the device from falling, 2 stops can be installed at the bottom, as shown in the figure.
   
   
8. To align the body of the unit at a right angle, you can glue a rail of the required thickness (thickness is determined by the selection method).
   
   
9. The guides in this design are made of aluminum profile. But you can also replace them with ball (telescopic) guides, which are used to install boxes in furniture. The task of the guides is a rigid (without backlash) and at the same time movable connection of the rack parts.
   
   

   

10. To assemble the lever, and at the same time it could move, the nut should not be tightened all the way. To fix the nut and prevent its spontaneous unscrewing, another one is used, which is screwed nearby.
    
    
11. The part of the lever attached to the movable platform must be rounded at the end.
    
    
12. If you need the unit to rise to the top position after drilling, you can install a spring by attaching one end to the movable platform and the other to the horizontal part of the pipe. If the spring is short, you can lengthen it with a cord.

Rack Option #2

The figure below shows another homemade drilling machine, the stand for which can be made from thick plywood, and the rest of the parts from a wooden beam.

The role of the guide in a drilling machine made from a drill is played by an aluminum profile. But, if you do not find such a profile, then you can replace it with furniture guides(telescopic).

Rack Option #3

If you have a house lying around soviet era photo enlarger, then it can serve as the basis for a stand for a drill. This design already has rigid guides, as well as a gear mechanism that provides vertical movement of the carriage along them.

You only need to modify the design a little by attaching clamps to the carriage, and comfortable handles to the height adjuster.

Well, if you don’t have the desire to design devices for a drill with your own hands, or you just don’t have time for it, but you still need to drill a hole with a drill strictly at a right angle, then you can buy a ready-made stand at a price of about 1200 rubles.

Other options for drill machines

The drilling machine can serve as an engine for constructing various woodworking tools. Consider what else you can make a machine from a drill with your own hands.

Frazier

To make a router with a drill, you will need to take a regular clamp used for water pipes.

You will also need to find some chipboard (you can use a plate from old furniture), and then assemble such a structure as in the figure below.

This kind of router can be used, for example, for milling a groove at the end of a tabletop, for stuffing a T-shaped profile, or for shaped milling of the ends of wooden parts. Of course, it is difficult to achieve good quality milling in this way, since the machine does not have enough speed. For comparison: the spindle of a router can rotate at a speed of 26,000 rpm. and more, thanks to which a high quality surface finish is achieved.

You can also do milling machine from a drill, if you clamp it in such a way as shown in the figure below. In this way, a quarter is selected in a bar for inserting glass, for example, in the manufacture of a window leaf.

For turning small, round parts, you can make a device in which the drill will give rotational movement to the workpiece. The easiest way to perform wood turning is the one shown in the figure below.

Such a wood lathe can be made in minutes. To make it, you will need a wooden beam or board, a couple of corners, as well as a sharpened bolt.

A more “advanced” drawing of a lathe, which can be made from a drill with your own hands, is presented below.

If you do not have the opportunity to make such a device from metal, as shown in the drawing, then you can do a pair of clamps attached to a workbench.

The first clamp with a clamp can be used to secure the machine to the workbench.

As a clamp for a drill, you can use a small vice with a clamp clamped in them. The second clamp must be clamped homemade tailstock with a screw screwed into it, for centering and supporting the part. The end of the screw must be tapered.

As a handpiece, a bar of the required thickness is pressed against the workbench.

It is also not difficult to design a homemade lathe from wooden blocks as shown in the following figure.

For precision turning work with long and big details it is recommended to make a lathe from a metal profile(square).

In the manufacture of this design, it is necessary to accurately maintain the alignment of the headstock and tailstock. The unit to the headstock can be secured with a pair of clamps.

The tailstock must be movable in order to be able to process parts of various lengths.

The tool rest must also be movable and move both along the bed and across it so that you can move it closer to the workpiece to reduce the leverage. If the lever is large, the tool may be pulled out of the hands, and the part out of the chuck, which is fraught with serious injury.

It is important that the support platform rotates, for example, when machining a part at an angle.

If you make such a machine, then it can easily be converted into a universal one. It is enough to clamp an emery or felt wheel in the cartridge of the apparatus, and the design turns into a grinding machine from a drill. In the same way, you can make a grinding unit out of it.

A simpler model of a universal machine is easy to make from an ordinary planed board. To do this, you need to cut it into parts, and assemble the structure, as shown in the figure.

This is what the bed looks like when the table is removed.

The thickness of the board used in the construction is 2 cm. The length of the product is 50 cm. The width of the fixture is 20 cm.

The height of the racks is 9 and 14 cm. The height can be different and depends on what diameter the grinding wheel will be used. The whole structure is twisted with self-tapping screws. It is recommended to smear the joints of parts with glue before assembly.

On top of the racks, 2 clamps are fixed, one of which is cut and unbent. As a soft pad used cut polyethylene tube, nailed with carnations.

On the frame, it is necessary to make a small cut (groove) and expand it from the bottom side so that the head of the coupling bolt does not interfere.

Next, you should twist 2 boards measuring 20 X 27 cm with a bar between them, the thickness of which is 4 cm (this way you get a table). The bar is needed so that the hand can freely pass between the planes while screwing the table to the frame.

A groove is also cut in one plank to secure the table to the base. After that, the table can be attached using a screw with a washer.

Thanks to the grooves, the table can be moved to the required distance to the cartridge. If the table is rotated, it will be possible to move it across the machine. The length of the groove determines the distance that the table can be moved.

After fixing the drilling machine, you will get a universal fixture.

Now, if you clamp the drill chuck grinding wheel- You will receive a grinding unit. The presence of a reverse in the unit during grinding is desirable, but not necessary.

If set abrasive disc(for metal) from a grinder, then it becomes possible to cut metal rods. When cutting metal, be sure to wear safety goggles. You can also install a gear cutter, and cut thin plastic with it.

When installing abrasive wheel- it turns out a sharpener.

Such a unit can be used for turning knives, drills, planer knives, and also for sharpening tools for a wood lathe.

If you fix the guides on the table, and install the drill in the chuck, you get a filler machine.

Thus, the drill, thanks to the clamping chuck, is the basis for creating machines for various purposes. Such an increase in the functionality of a conventional drill will be very useful for a home craftsman who has various technological operations at his disposal.

Grinder (English) literally - a crusher. Meat grinder is a meat grinder, rock (stone) grinder is a stone crusher; stick (wood) grinder garden crusher branches and twigs into chips. But there is also a completely unambiguous meaning of the word grinder: in mechanical engineering and metalworking, this is a grinding machine. A useful household item. For example, it is impossible to manually guide a dull meat grinder knife on a whetstone. On a manual knife sharpener - somehow possible, with a solid working skill. And on the grinder - no problem. The same - if you need to grind a part of a complex shape without violating its profile. Or just sharpen scissors or a professional knife. different kind cutters for wood and metal are best edited on a grinder too. It is quite possible to design and assemble a grinder with your own hands, without having sophisticated equipment and skills to work on it. In terms of money, this will mean savings from 50-90 thousand rubles. up to 3-6 thousand USD.

To make a grinder yourself, you will need to order a maximum of 4-5 turned parts, and it is often possible to do without turning from outside at all. For example, how to make the simplest grinder literally from trash, see the video below:

Video: do-it-yourself tape grinder from trash

Or another option, how to make the grinder stronger and more resilient from scrap metal:

Video: scrap metal grinder

Disk or tape? And drive

Almost more varieties of grinding machines are used in industry than lathes. Emery known to all craftsmen - a motor with a pair of grinding wheels (or one circle) - this is also a grinder. For yourself at home, it makes sense to make either a disk end (plate) or a belt grinder. In the first, the abrasive is applied to a rotating hard disk; in the second - on an elastic tape running around a system of pulleys and rollers. Disc is more suitable for grinding simple wooden parts and rough or medium cleanliness - metal. On a belt grinder, it is also possible to produce precise and clean finishing of profiled parts of complex shape, incl. large, see below.

A disc grinder is very simply obtained from the same emery or a motor of suitable power, see below. It is necessary to order an adapter from the motor shaft to the poppet shank grinding wheel on a metal base. Or under a chuck, then on the same motor it will be possible to build a mini lathe, see fig.:

A worn-out “plate” is suitable: a disc made of thin (4-6 mm) fibrous plastic is glued onto the edge of its side, and an abrasive is placed on it. How to make an end grinder, see next. video clip.

Video: homemade end grinder

The difference between a disc grinder and a belt grinder is not only in the possibilities of use. If you take ordinary home crafts, then for disc grinder enough drive power of 250-300 watts on the shaft. For small wooden parts - and 150-170 watts. This is a motor from an old washing machine, a straight (ordinary) drill or a screwdriver. But for a belt grinder, you need an engine from 450-500 W: three-phase with batteries of starting and operating capacitors. If it is supposed to process a large size, then the motor power is from 1-1.2 kW. Moreover, capacitor banks for both will cost a little less than the engine itself.

Note: a 100-200 W drive uses a mini belt grinder (see below) for fine dressing of knives, grinding / polishing jewelry, etc.

A drill or screwdriver as a grinder drive is also convenient in that it allows you to quickly change the speed of the abrasive (see below) with a standard speed controller. It is only necessary, firstly, to make a holder for the drill, rigidly fixing the tool. Secondly, an elastic adapter from the drill to the disc shank, because it is difficult to achieve their precise centering without special equipment, and the runout will negate the accuracy of processing and can damage the tool-drive.

Drawings of the drill holder for using it as a drive for a home metal-cutting machine are given on the left in the figure:

Since the impact and irregular alternating loads on the drive in the grinder are an order of magnitude lower than, say, in a lathe, it is possible to make a drill holder for it from hard wood, plywood, chipboard, MDF, on the right in Fig. The diameter of the mounting (large) hole is along the neck of the drill. It is highly desirable to use a drill without an impact mechanism and with a steel shell on the neck (for the installation of the front handle).

Coupling

For the adapter, you will need a piece of steel bar (not necessarily turned) of the same diameter as the shank of the grinder drive shaft, and a piece of reinforced PVC hose (garden irrigation) with a gap so that it is tightly pulled over the bar and shank. The length of the “free” hose (between the ends of the rod and the shank in it) is 3-5 cm. The length of the protruding part of the rod should be sufficient for a reliable clamp in the drill chuck. After assembling the coupling in place, the hose on the shank and rod is tightly tightened with clamps; can be wire. Such a coupling completely parries the misalignment of the drive and the driven shaft up to 1-1.5 mm.

Ribbon is still better.

A belt grinder allows you to do everything that a disc grinder does, and more. Therefore, further we will focus on how to make a belt sander with our own hands. Amateurs, focusing on industrial designs, sometimes make grinders very intricate, see fig.:

And this is justified: the design and kinematics of the belt grinder are very flexible, which makes it possible to successfully use improvised materials and old scrap metal. You just need to follow 3 principles:

1. Do not do as in the second photo from the left: the tape with the abrasive side should only touch the workpiece. Otherwise, the abrasive will eat both the bypass rollers and itself. The accuracy and cleanliness of processing during one working operation will be unpredictable;
2. The design of the machine must ensure uniform belt tension, regardless of the nature of the operation being performed;
3. The speed of the belt movement must correspond to the nature of the operation being performed.

Kinematics and design

As mentioned above, there are many designs of grinders. Thinking about what and how to build a grinder for yourself, it is better to focus on industrial samples designed for fully mechanized for accurate and clean grinding of large-sized profiled parts: since the propeller blade of an aircraft or wind turbine “skins” as it should, then it will cope with any other work.

Kinematic schemes of grinders for the specified purpose are given in Fig.:

Basic kinematic diagrams of belt grinders (grinders)

Pos. A - the most complex and perfect, with three rocker arms. If the length of the tensioning roller rocker is approx. 2 times less than the working one, then by adjusting the tension of the springs, it is possible to achieve a uniform tension of the tape when the working rocker moves 20-30 degrees up and down. By tilting the bypass rocker, firstly, the machine is reconfigured for tapes of different lengths. Secondly, in the same way, you can quickly change the belt tension for different operations. The working branch of the tape can be any, except for the one running from the drive pulley to the tension roller, i.e. a grinder with 3 rocker arms is both horizontal and vertical at the same time.

A scheme with a coaxially swinging rocker (pos. 2) is simpler, cheaper and not inferior in processing accuracy to the previous one, if the length of the rocker between the axes is at least 3 diameters of the workpiece. In order to knock down the profile by grinding, the course of the rocker arm is limited by stops within 10 degrees up and down. The clamping of the tape to the part is most often gravitational, under the weight of the rocker with a bypass pulley. It is possible to quickly change the tension of the tape within certain limits by pulling the rocker up with a weak adjustable spring, which partly compensates for its severity. The grinder of this scheme can work as a grinder for small parts from a sliding table. In this case, the rocker arm is rigidly fixed horizontally, and the running surface of the tape will be a bypass pulley. According to the scheme with a coaxial rocker arm, for example, a fairly popular BTS50 grinder was made. The disadvantages of the scheme are, firstly, the technologically complex rocker arm hinge coaxial with the drive shaft. Secondly, the need for an elastic band: if you make the bypass pulley sliding spring-loaded, the machining accuracy drops. This disadvantage when processing small parts is completely eliminated by an additional tension roller, see below.

A scheme with one misaligned rocker arm in industry is used quite rarely, because. in principle, it does not allow to achieve a uniform tension of the tape. However, it gives an accuracy that is quite sufficient at home and allows you to build a very good simple grinder.

What's good for what

Now let's see what is possible to "squeeze" out of this or that scheme from the point of view of an amateur master. And then we’ll try to figure out how to make a belt for the grinder ourselves and do without custom-made turned parts.

3 rockers

Competent amateurs build their grinders exactly according to the scheme with 3 rocker arms, on the left in fig. below. Far from all propeller blades are ground, but in this case another advantage of this scheme operates: if the grinder is used as a vertical one, then the working branch of the tape is elastic. This allows a skilled craftsman, for example, to guide cutting edges and blades with literally micron precision.

In industrial grinders for home use, the 3-arm pattern is also widely used (in the center) for the same reasons. Repetition of them independently in most cases is quite possible. For example, drawings of the popular KMG grinder abroad can be downloaded.

The dimensions, however, are inch - an American typewriter. For the drive, in any case, it is possible to use an angle grinder drill (on the right in the figure, it is quite suitable in terms of power) with homemade pulley and rollers, see below.

Note: if you are making a stationary drive, try to get a 2-3 speed asynchronous motor from a worthless washer with a horizontal tank. Its advantage is low turnover. This makes it possible to make the drive pulley of large diameter and thereby eliminate belt slippage. A slippage of the tape in the work is almost certainly a damaged part. Most washers with 2-3 speed 220 V asynchronous motors are Spanish. Shaft power - 600-1000 watts. If you come across one, do not forget about the standard phase-shifting capacitor bank.

Coaxial rocker

In its pure form, grinders with a coaxial rocker are not made by amateurs. The coaxial hinge is a complicated thing, you can’t make an elastic band yourself, and a purchased one is expensive. Grinders with a coaxial rocker at home are most often used in the variant for fine precision work from the table, i.e. with a rigidly fixed horizontal beam. But then the need for a yoke as such disappears.

An example is a mini grinder, the drawings of which are given in Fig.:

Its features are, firstly, an overhead bed for the tape (pos. 7), which greatly expands the possibilities of use. For example, a planer iron is straightened on this grinder with an angle stop literally by itself. In this case, the grinder works, so to speak, like a self-propelled donkey (emery bar). After removing the bed, we get a grinder with an elastic band for precise grinding / polishing of rounded small parts. Secondly, the tension shaft (pos. 12). Clamping it with a groove with nuts, we get a relatively fixed tension of the tape for working with the bed. And having released the nuts, we put the grinder into the mode of gravitational tension of the tape for fine work. The drive is not necessarily through a pulley (pos. 11). Can be screwed directly behind the drive shaft shank (pos. 16) from the drill through the adapter, see above.

A specialized tool grinder (for example, for aiming and dressing turning tools) generally loses any semblance of the original scheme. A high-speed motor is taken for it (a power of 200-300 W is enough). The drive pulley, respectively, of small diameter. The bypass pulley, on the contrary, is made larger and heavier, for inertia. All this together allows you to reduce the runout of the tape. The tension roller for the same purpose, plus for greater uniformity of the tape tension, is taken away and spring-loaded with a long, not very strong spring. How to make a cutter grinder, see the video below.

Video: cutter grinder

One rocker

In amateur practice, grinders with misaligned rocker are good because they do not need precise details at all. For example, hinges can be made from card loops. At the same time, the accuracy of processing remains sufficient for ordinary amateur requests.

The original scheme in this case is also modified: the rocker is rotated 90 degrees, carried up and spring-loaded, on the left in Fig. It turns out a simple vertical grinder. And, importantly, it works without problems with a home-made inextensible tape. Both tension spring (in the center) and compression spring can provide belt tension. Its strength is not important, as long as the tape does not bend excessively during operation. No adjustments are required during use.

Consumables and parts

The only consumable item for a belt grinder is a belt (not including grease for bearings and joints. Belt can be ordered desired length(see at the end), but you can also make it yourself from emery cloth on a textile basis. Highly desirable - flexible, unimpregnated. In general, the procedure for making a tape for a grinder with your own hands is as follows:

• We cut off the workpiece - a strip of the desired length and width.
• We prepare a mandrel (not necessarily round) with a length along the generatrix slightly less than the length of the tape.
• We circle the mandrel with the workpiece inside out.
• We bring the ends of the workpiece exactly end-to-end and securely fasten.
• We put a piece of glue stick for a hot glue gun on the joint.
• We heat with a building hair dryer until the glue melts.
• We impose a patch of thin fabric on the joint.
• We press something hard through the Teflon film until the glue hardens.

There are three significant points here. The first is to use a rough PET film with a thickness of 25-50 microns (sold) instead of fabric on the patch. It is very durable, but try running your finger over a PET bottle. Not very slippery? A rough PET film under tension cannot be stretched over polished metal. And instead of a patch, it is better to seal the wrong side of the tape with a continuous strip of PET film with an overlap of 2-3 cm. The beating of the tape will be no more than 0.05-0.1 mm. This is less than from the thinnest calico and even less than the error in the thickness of the skin-blank.

The second - fill the finished tape into the machine and grind something obscene with it without strong pressure. The hem on the seam will come together, and the tape will become no worse than the branded one.

But most importantly - in terms of elasticity best glue for gluing the grinder tape is not expensive and difficult to use thermal or mounting, but ordinary PVA. If the tape is pasted over with a lining along the entire length of the inside, then its strength for PVA is more than enough. How to glue a tape for a PVA grinder, see the video

Video: gluing the grinder tape with PVA glue

Pulley

The generatrix (lateral surface in section) of the drive pulley of the grinder must be straight. If you use a pulley-barrel, then the tape will bend like a trough along its entire length. The rollers do not allow it to slip, see below, but the pulley generatrix must be straight.

A pulley for a grinder that is not designed for particularly precise work, firstly, does not have to be turned. In the scheme with 3 rocker arms, the beating of the tape from its misalignment will go out on the rollers before it reaches the working branch. In a simple vertical grinder, the belt runout will be sufficiently damped by the tension spring. Therefore, it is quite possible to make a pulley for a grinder without a machine, see video:

Video: drive wheel on a grinder without a lathe

The second is that the pulley, rollers and, in general, all the details of a home grinder can be made from plywood. In production, this is certainly not an option, even if the plywood grinder is offered for free with an additional payment: the grinder needs a salary, and the wooden grinder in the workshop will completely wear out before it pays for itself. But you won’t drive the grinder at home day after day in 3 shifts. And no tape slips along the plywood pulley. Incl. homemade. So you can safely make a grinder pulley out of plywood:

Video: plywood grinder pulley

It is much more important to correctly calculate the diameter of the pulley according to the speed of the motor and the required speed of the belt. Too slow running belt will tear the processed material; too fast - it will be erased by itself, without really processing anything. In which case, what tape speed is needed is a special conversation, and a very difficult one. In general, the finer the abrasive and the harder the material to be processed, the faster the belt should move. How the speed of the belt depends on the diameter of the pulley and the speed of the motor, see the figure:

Fortunately, for most abrasive-material pairs, the allowable limits for belt speed are quite wide, so choosing a grinder pulley can be easier:

Video: which wheel is needed for a belt grinder

Rollers

The rollers of the grinder, oddly enough at first glance, are its most important details. It is the rollers that keep the tape from slipping and ensure its uniform tension across the width. Moreover, there can be only one video in kinematics, see, for example, the video above about the cutter grinder. Only barrel rollers will cope with this task, see below. But the “trough” of the tape after any roller should straighten out before it reaches the working area.

Rollers with flanges (sides, edges) will not hold the tape. The point here is not only and not so much with the misalignment of the axes of the rollers: the grinder belt, unlike the drive belt, must withstand, without slipping, the loads from the workpieces. If you make rollers with flanges, then, just touching something to the tape, it will crawl onto the flange. In the grinder, you need to use Type 3 barrel rollers (highlighted in red on the left in the figure).

The dimensions of Type 3 rollers are also given there. It is advisable to take the diameter of the rollers no more than 0.5 of the width of the tape (so that the “trough” does not go far), but not less than 20 mm of steel turned and not less than 35-40 mm of plywood. The tension roller (the probability of the tape slipping from it is greatest), if the working branch of the tape does not leave it, can be 0.7-1.2 in diameter of its width. Plywood rollers are made in the form of a thick shell into which the bearing is pressed; then the roller is mounted on the axle (center in the figure) and finished clean, see e.g. track. video:

Video: barrel roller for grinder

Not every turner can machine a profile barrel roller exactly according to GOST. Meanwhile, there is a way to make rollers for the grinder without significant difficulties. The same garden reinforced PVC hose will help out, on the right in fig. previously. On the roller blank with a straight generatrix, its segment is pulled tightly and cut off with a margin along the edges to the thickness of the hose wall. It turns out a roller with a complex generatrix profile, which holds the tape even better and gives it a smaller “trough”. Don't believe? Try to get into the graveyard of planes or missiles and dig into them. You will find rollers with exactly the same generatrix profile. It's just that the mass production of rollers of a complex profile is much more expensive than Type 3 barrels.

And another option

All critical parts of the grinder - one-piece belt, non-slip coated pulleys, rollers - can be purchased separately. They will cost not so cheap, but still not in thousands of foreign and not in dozens of native "leather jackets". The remaining parts of the grinder, either flat or from professional pipes, are made using a conventional bench drill or drill. Here is where you can order grinder parts:

• //www.cora.ru/products.asp?id=4091 - tape. Do lengths and widths at the request of the customer. Advise on abrasives and processing modes. The prices are acceptable. Delivery time - questions to Ruspost.
• //www.equipment.rilkom.ru/01kmpt.htm - spare parts (accessories) for grinding machines. There is everything, the prices are divine. Delivery - see prev.
• //www.ridgid.spb.ru/goodscat/good/listAll/104434/ - the same, but foreign-made. Prices are higher, delivery is the same.
• //www.pk-m.ru/kolesa_i_roliki/privodnye_kolesa/ - drive wheels. You can find suitable for the grinder.
• //dyplex.by.ru/bader.html, //www.syndic.ru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=36&Itemid=36 – spare parts for grinders. Ribbons are not made to order - choose from the catalog. Rollers without axles; axles are sold separately. The quality is impeccable, but everything is very expensive. Sending - within 2 weeks to the border. Then - their customs, our customs, Ruspost. Total ok. 2 months It may not reach if some local bureaucrat considers the goods to be sanctions. In this case, there are no problems with the return of the payment due to the complete absence of real opportunities for an ordinary citizen to receive one.
(2 ratings, average: 5,00 out of 5)

Nowadays, there are no surfaces that are not smooth. Smoothness is achieved through various grinding devices. Professional equipment costs a lot of money and not everyone can buy it, moreover, such machines have a fairly high weight and dimensions.

Fortunately, skillful hands our country adapted to produce analogues of equipment for such a modest budget. The grinding machine also did not stand aside and was subjected to a modernization of manual craftsmanship. It is with this homemade machine that we will continue to get acquainted.

There is a huge amount of sanding equipment that makes any wood surface very smooth. It is a platform on which special frame with an electric motor (motors are used for homemade products washing machines ok) and mechanism. The mechanism itself, in turn, includes shafts, pulleys and an abrasive belt.

Application area

They are used in all industries where wood is processed. Often, any draft products have an uneven and rough surface. Such blanks cannot simply be painted and put up for sale or installed anywhere. Therefore, for further processing of wood, all its surfaces can be sanded.

Grinding machines are also used for processing sags and chamfering, rounding corners. In addition, the grinding tool gives any surface smooth alignment and calibration.

Types of wood sanding machine

Depending on the surface to be treated, the following types of grinders are distinguished:

Belt sander

This equipment uses an abrasive belt, which is pulled by two shafts. These shafts are driven by an asynchronous electric motor. The abrasive belt does not sag during wood processing, but rests against the working plane, which has a low coefficient of friction. The tape can be placed both horizontally and vertically. The advantage of this equipment is the processing of long workpieces.

Universal grinding unit

In this case, the machine has two working grinding surfaces. One is tape surface and the other is circular (disk). This universal machine created for the convenience of working on it. By the way, such equipment will significantly save the budget. In such a device, only one engine is used. Based on this, when working on two working surfaces, the load on the motor will not increase much.

Drum grinding tool

In this case, the abrasive tape is wound on two rollers in a spiral manner. Under the rollers is a tabletop with a smooth surface. The gap between the tabletop and the rollers is adjustable to the required distance. With the help of such a machine, it is possible to calibrate the surface of a wood blank.

Disc grinding tool

The working area of ​​this equipment is an abrasive wheel. A circle with Velcro is attached to the axis of the electric motor, on which the abrasive is attached. After starting the engine, abrasive wheel rotates around its axis, thereby carrying out grinding. This type of machine has the ability to adjust the processing speed, and the number of revolutions of the axis will not decrease.

On each of four types machines can perform certain operations. Now that we have an idea of ​​what the grinding equipment looks like, it's time to disassemble the design of the machine.

In addition to the above machines, there are also portable ones. grinders . And that's not all, so as not to spend money on machines, people came up with grinders from a drill, from Bulgarian. The fact is that nozzles are fixed on these tools and the same grinding is carried out.

Tip: If you still decide to purchase a factory grinder, then decide in advance on the work and loads that your machine will undergo, and only then make a purchase. The same applies to homemade tools.

Motor power calculation

Important! Before creating any homemade brainchild that performs grinding functions, it is extremely important to correctly calculate the power of the electric drive. After all, if the motor power is weak or vice versa strong, then you cannot do any work.

The calculation of power is carried out according to a special formula, which belongs to the category of complex mathematical calculations.

The formula looks like this

P=q*S*(K+k)*U/1000*n

Where each designation means the following

1. q - Means the pressure of the processed wood part on the plane of the abrasive cloth (N / square centimeter).
2. k - The index of friction of the wrong side of the abrasive on the working surface.
3. n - Coefficient useful action the entire system.
4. K - An indicator of the working plane of the abrasive relative to the workpiece. The priority is the density of the tree and its graininess. The limits of this indicator range from 0.2 to 0.6.
5. S - The area of ​​the workpiece that is in contact with the abrasive, measured in square centimeters.
6. U - The speed of rotation of the abrasive, measured in meters per second.

When you calculate with the formula required power electric drive of your future unit, you can safely begin to assemble the machine as a whole.

It's time to get acquainted with the design of a homemade machine. Blueprints all four types of equipment can be found in free access for viewing and download, as well as download all kinds of photo scheme. As an example for visual study, consider a belt sander.

The design of the machine and its schemes

Any assembly homemade equipment begins with the design of the bed or the foundation of the future machine equipment. This can be done with a metal material, or with a wood material. The following dimensions of the frame are used as standard 500 mm x 180 mm, while the thickness should be 2 cm.

After making the base, you can proceed to the next steps. An asynchronous motor can be installed in several places so that its operation is complete. Prepare a plane on the bed itself or make a platform for the motor, which will be attached to the end of the bed. The other side of the bed is designed to accommodate the shaft, with a pulley for a belt and rollers for an abrasive belt. The tape itself is installed with a slight slope. This is done so that the abrasive smoothly and gently comes into contact with the machined plane of the workpiece.

Tip: Before installing the abrasive strip on the rollers, it is necessary to wind them thin strip rubber. This will reduce strip slip during operation.

As we can see from the diagram and drawing, the design of the grinding equipment is quite simple. All varieties of these machines are assembled according to the same scheme.

Tip: In the process of assembling your future grinding unit, you must comply with all the necessary dimensions, and you must also calculate all the parameters very seriously.

When the design is familiar to us, we can proceed to the assembly process.

The assembly process of the grinding machine

To assemble the grinding tool, you will need the following items:

1. Wood board.
2. Wooden bars or metal profile pipe.
3. Ball bearings.
4. Electric motor.
5. Rubber strap.
6. Rubber belt.
7. Metal pulley.
8. Self-tapping screws, fasteners.
9. abrasive element.
10. Working tool (drill, grinder, screwdriver, jigsaw, etc.).
11. Welding machine (if the frame structure consists entirely of metal).

After we have decided on the materials and working tools, we can begin to assemble all the parts and elements into one mechanism. For this, the frame is assembled. It can be metal (consist of a metal-profile pipe) or wood (consist of wooden bars and solid wood).

When the frame is ready

You can start installing the motor. The motor power must be at least 2.5 kW and not more than 3 kW, with the engine speed between 1200 and 1500 rpm. A pulley for a belt is installed on the motor shaft. The motor is mounted on one side of the frame. Motors are often used from washing machines used at home.

On the other side

A shaft with bearings is located, on one side of which a pulley is fixed, and on the other side a roller, an abrasive belt will be put on it in the future. Shaft pulley and motor pulley must be in a flat horizontal plane. The belt tensioner should be located in the same area.

Coming from wood

Either a stand is constructed from plywood or metal, on which the remaining rollers will be placed and an emery tape is worn. There must also be a tension mechanism. In addition, the presence of a working bar is mandatory, on which the abrasive belt will rub.

On the frame, as a rule, from the end, a start button is installed. The electrical circuit of the machine must be grounded.

After that

Once everything is done, you can make the first start and configure the equipment properly. When the setting is done, the first workpiece is run and the result of the work is checked. If everything worked out, it means that you did everything right.

For visual clarity and a complete understanding of the entire assembly process, you can download video instructions.

General feedback and summing up

As a rule, there are only positive reviews about this type of equipment on the Internet. Indeed, when in everyday life it is necessary to give this or that wooden thing smooth surface, then the presence of grinding tools is indispensable.

Video reviews

Video review of a homemade grinding machine:

Video review on the choice of grinding equipment:

Video review of the belt sander:

Video review of eccentric sanders:

The rotation on the drive shaft of the tape machine is transmitted from the electric motor, which is connected to it by means of a belt drive. The speed of the belt mechanism can be adjusted, thereby changing the modes of processing parts. The belt of a surface grinder can be located horizontally or vertically, as well as at a certain angle, which is allowed by some models of equipment in this category.

When choosing a model of a belt grinder for processing a particular part, it is important to consider the length of the surface that needs to be grinded. It is much more convenient to process parts on such machines, the surface length of which is less than the length of the abrasive belt and the desktop. Under such conditions, the quality of processing will be much higher.

The belt sander can be of various designs: with a movable and fixed work table, with a free belt. A separate category includes wide-belt equipment, the peculiarity of which is that their desktop, which is also a feed element, is made in the form of a caterpillar. In those models of equipment that have a working table in their design, the abrasive belt is located in a horizontal plane, and in equipment with a free belt, in which a working table is not provided, it can have a different spatial position.

An obligatory structural element of any belt grinder, including a desktop one, is an exhaust device, which is necessary to remove dust, which is formed in large quantities during processing. Both professional and any homemade grinder used in a home workshop or garage is powered by an electric motor.

Principle of operation

The main parameters of the belt grinder are the feed rate and the force with which the belt is pressed against the workpiece. Parameters such as the degree of grit of the abrasive belt should be selected depending on what material the workpiece is made of, as well as the degree of roughness that the surface of the machined product should have.

The characteristics of the material to be processed, in particular its hardness, primarily influence the grit size of the abrasive belt. The processing modes that are directly related to each other are the feed speed and the belt pressure. So, if grinding is carried out at high speed, but with a slight pressing force of the abrasive belt, then some parts of the surface of the part may turn out to be untreated. If, on the contrary, you increase the pressing force and reduce the feed rate, then you may encounter the fact that burns and blackening of the material may appear in certain areas of the treated surface.

Another variation of the machine is a view from the side of the working surface of the tape

The results of grinding are also influenced by how well the abrasive tape is glued together. In order to obtain a high quality finish and not to experience a malfunction of the band machine, do not use abrasive belts that are not glued correctly or have torn edges. When putting on the tape on the shafts of the equipment, it should be positioned so that the end of the seam, which is overlapping, does not lift up on the surface of the workpiece, but slips along it. Learn more about gluing the tape in the video below.

Any, including a manual grinding machine, should provide for the possibility of adjusting the belt tension, which is ensured by moving a movable shaft that is not driven. Tape tension is a very important parameter, the choice of which should be guided by the "golden mean" rule. If the belt of the grinder is too tight, then this can lead to its breakage during operation, and too little tension will cause slippage and, as a result, its excessive heating. The main characteristic for determining the degree of tension of the tape is the arrow of its deflection, which is measured by lightly pressing on its surface in a taut state.

The manual belt grinding machine of the group can be operated by one operator, who moves the desktop with the workpiece and rotates it so as to bring all parts of its surface under the abrasive belt.

How to make a belt sander

Many home craftsmen and professionals are wondering how to make a grinder with their own hands. The reason for this question is quite simple: the high cost of mass-produced grinding equipment, which, with irregular use, not everyone can recoup. In order to make such equipment, you will need several basic components: an electric motor, rollers and a reliable frame. Naturally, the drawings of such a device or its photo will not be superfluous. Also at the end of the article you can watch videos on assembling a tape machine on your own.

The motor for belt sanding equipment is easy to find, it can be removed from a used washing machine. The bed will have to be made independently, for this you can use a sheet of metal with dimensions of 500x180x20 mm. One side of the frame should be cut very evenly, since it will be necessary to attach the platform on which the electric motor will be mounted to it. The platform for the electric motor should also be made of a sheet of metal with dimensions of 180x160x10 mm. Such a platform must be fixed to the bed very securely with a few bolts.

Another version of the bed

The efficiency of a belt grinder directly depends on the characteristics of the electric motor that is installed on it. If you are going to make a grinding machine with your own hands, then an electric motor with a power of 2.5–3 kW, developing about 1500 rpm, is quite suitable for you. In order to use such a motor to move the sanding belt at a speed of 20 m/s, the drums must have a diameter of about 200 mm. Which is convenient, if you choose an engine with such characteristics, then you do not need to make a gearbox for your grinding machine.

The drive shaft is connected directly to the motor shaft, and the second - the driven one - must rotate freely on the axis, which is installed in the bearing units. In order for the abrasive belt to more smoothly touch the surface of the workpiece, the section of the bed on which the driven shaft is installed should be made with a slight bevel.

It is possible to make shafts for a belt grinder with minimal financial costs from a chipboard. You simply cut square blanks 200x200 mm in size from such a plate, drill central holes in them and put them on the axle with a package with a total thickness of 240 mm. After that, you just have to grind the resulting package and make a round shaft out of it with a diameter of about 200 mm.

Drawings and a detailed analysis of some parts of a machine made of wood.

Wood belt sander (click to enlarge)

Table Tilt Adjustment Mechanism Plate Unit Belt Tensioner