For hundreds of years that a person has been processing wood and manufacturing from it various products it seems the masters have tried everything possible tools and fixtures. Meanwhile, the creation of all kinds of devices continues today. It is likely that all this has already been invented by someone in past years, but each master tries to make devices suitable for him.
Wooden frames for pictures or photos shrink when glued, probably hundreds various ways. I myself can offer at least a dozen options offhand, here is one of the devices for this work from White Myers, Workbench website.
Tape ties are used most often for compression when gluing square or rectangular products. Such as chairs, stools, boxes and small tables. The use of this mechanism is convenient in that you can compress the entire product at once, smearing it with glue and assembling the legs, drawstrings and legs of the chair. But when gluing wooden frames, the tape screed in its usual form is not suitable. The fact is that during compression it is impossible to maintain angles exactly under 90 *, due to the uneven contraction.
In order to use the tape tie when assembling the frames, you need to make four corner blocks. The blocks have an outer rounded edge, which helps to evenly compress the product and sawn inner corner, exactly under 90*. At the beginning of the corner, it is imperative to drill a hole to prevent the frame from sticking to the blocks. More clip options for the frame in the article.
Clip for small parts
Each woodworker uses grinding discs to process parts and grinding drums. Sometimes you have to process a large number of small wooden parts. It can be difficult to hold them in your hand, moreover, there is a risk of hooking the drum with your hands.
To make a clip, you need two wooden bars 150-200 mm long. and section 30/15 mm. . Bars can be made by cutting into two parts round billet 30 mm in diameter. . Holes are drilled in the center of the bars for a clamping bolt with a lamb and several washers.
During operation, the necessary clearance between the platforms is immediately established, and compression is performed using a wooden wedge in the tail section. The process is quick and simple, we insert the part, push the wedge and work. We take out the wedge, change the part and again clamp it with a wedge.
With this device, you can glue wooden panels different sizes. The clamp itself is easy to use and has a fairly simple design. In the presence of the right materials making such a clamp for a home workshop will not be difficult.
For the manufacture of home-made clamps (they are also called clamps), you will need a stud with M10 nuts, a 20 mm steel strip and two rectangular shaped pipes with sides of 40x20 mm, 80 cm long. These materials can be bought inexpensively at a hardware store.
Clamps for gluing shields: stages of work
On profile pipes make markings and drill through holes every 15 cm, using the usual or step drill. We cut the steel strip with a grinder into segments 150 mm long. In these plates, we drill two holes of the desired diameter.
Profile pipes are connected to each other using plates. You will also need stops - a movable square shape and a fixed T-shape, welded from a profile with side dimensions of 20x20 mm. We screw a hairpin of a suitable length into the movable clamp.
Features of using a clamp
It is good because when gluing wooden shields clamps the workpiece from four sides in two planes. Thus, the gluing is of very high quality. By rearranging the T-shaped fixed stop, you can adjust the length. See the video on our website for the assembly process of the clamp for gluing wooden shields.
Conventional screw clamps have a disadvantage: when clamping parts, it takes a lot of time to unscrew and tighten the screw. Therefore, fast-acting clamps were created. Clamp in fig. 295, but consists of a guide ruler 1, rigidly fastened to the base 2 and the movable part 3. The screw 4 compresses the assembled parts, while the movable part 3 is held in the desired position by the friction that occurs during the compression process. In the free state, the movable part easily moves along the line 1.
The clamp shown in fig. 295, b, consists of a bracket 4, a movable rail 2 with a screw 1 and a fixing dog 3. The travel of the movable rail 2 is 77 mm. Screw 1 moves 33 mm, the common travel is 110 mm. Fast movement of the rail with the screw up is carried out after the pawl is disengaged from the rail by pressing the pawl lever towards the rail 2. Moving the rail 2 down is possible without pressing the pawl lever 3 in this case, clicks of the pawl on the rail are heard. When clamping, rail 2 is sent to the parts to be fixed; the final compression is made by screw 1; pawl 3 stops the rail, preventing it from moving up.
Clamp for gluing boards, frames, doors and other products shown in fig. 295, c. Due to the fact that the dimensions of the parts to be glued are large, two clamps are used and they are installed side by side. The movable sponge 3 with pin 2, located on the goats 1, is preliminarily set to the required size of the pressed-in shields. The final compression is made by screw 4 with handle 5.
To hold the assembled window frame or door leaf in a vertical position, special clamps are used.
Stand-clamp Antrushina(Fig. 296, a) consists of two hinged parts, between which there is a hole (nest) 60 mm wide, equal to the thickness of the window sash bars or door leaf. Under the weight of the window frame or door leaf, the stand in the middle bends and tightly clamps the product. If the product in the nest is not held tightly, that is, there are gaps between the product and the walls of the nest, then pieces of plywood are inserted into the gaps.
Rice. 296. Clamps: a - Antrushina, b - Kibasova
Rice. 297. Metal clamps for shields
On fig. 296, b is shown stand-clamp Kibasova. Its main part is a rack with a groove. At the bottom, the stand with the stand is fastened with a hinged loop and can take the desired inclined position, which is fixed with the help of an adjustable brace. The product is inserted with one side into the groove and clamped with a wedge.
Devices for compressing plots glued into shields are shown in fig. 297. The beds of the clamps should be even and smooth, and the stops should be perpendicular to the beds. For a more even distribution of pressure, auxiliary bars are applied to the edges of the shield.
For the simultaneous rallying of several shields, a device called a clamp is used. It consists of four massive beams connected vertically into a rectangular frame. When rallying shields from more or less long plots, two or three clamps are used. A massive wooden slab planed under the ruler is laid on the lower horizontal bars of the clamps. The shield assembled for rallying is laid on a slab and wedged between the ho-
muta. Transverse corrugated spacers of the same thickness are placed on the shield, and the second assembled shield is laid on them and it is also wedged. In this way, the entire opening of the clamp is filled with cohesive shields. It is necessary to pay special attention to the compression of the lower shields so that when the middle wedges are driven in, the lower ones do not weaken.
Having filled the collar with shields to the top, compress it in the vertical direction,
driving wedges between the gasket placed on the upper shield and the upper bar of the clamp. This prevents bulging and warping of the shields.
At woodworking enterprises, for mass gluing of shields, a fan-shaped clamp of a simplified design is used (Fig. 298).
To protect the boards to be glued from bulging, they are pressed from above with planks. In one turn, the wyma makes it possible to glue twelve shields. During the time required for a full turn of the wyma, the glue has time to grab, and the shields can be removed from the wyma. In addition to the six-section clamp, twelve- and twenty-four-section clamps of the same principle of operation are used.
At large mechanized woodworking enterprises, panels are rallied in gluing-conveyor wi-mahs and shield-stitching machines.
Clamps are indispensable assistant every carpenter. It is difficult to imagine a master who is able to do without these devices in his work. There are quite a few varieties of clamps and clips, while manufacturers do not stop looking for new solutions to make their tool even more convenient, functional and adapted to specific carpentry tasks.
In our material, we will talk in detail about the main types of wood clamps: we will tell you what different models of clamps consist of and how they work, consider the advantages and disadvantages of each of them, give helpful tips how to choose a clamp for specific carpentry tasks.
G clamps
Design features. G-shaped clamps, also often referred to as C-shaped, are the most versatile and mass type of carpentry clamps. The basis of the design is a cast or forged bracket with a movable clamping screw.
Advantages. L-shaped clamps light, easy to use, provide high clamping force, do not have gaps in the jaws.
Flaws. Suitable for joining workpieces of small thickness.
Application area. G-shaped clamps are used in cases where it is necessary to apply the same compressive force to surfaces that are parallel to each other. IN carpentry C-clamps are mainly used when gluing wood.
F clamps
Design features. The clamp consists of a guide rail on which the movable and fixed jaws are fixed. The movable bracket, sliding along the guide, has a set screw that allows you to adjust desired length grip and prevents loosening of the clamp. Sponges complete with overlays for protection of the fixed surfaces.
Advantages. The main advantage of F-shaped clamps is their versatility. Adjustable gripper length makes it possible to firmly and strongly fix workpieces of various thicknesses.
Flaws. C F clamp it is not always convenient to work, because You have to use both hands to manipulate the tool.
Application area. Used for fixing wooden products and blanks of various thicknesses.
End clamps
Design features. The end clamp consists of a cast or forged base-bracket with three clamping screws.
Advantages. A simple and affordable design for specific carpentry tasks: the T-profile clamp is used for clamping edges and ends.
Flaws. For all its functionality, it is not so easy to cope with the end clamp: fixing the edge, simultaneously holding the clamp and tightening the three clamps is not always convenient alone.
Application area. Clamping edges and end elements of wooden products.
Angle clamps
Design features. Corner clamps can have the most different execution. Typical design consists of a body, one or two screw clamps with clamping heels.
Advantages. Simple and compact fixture for clamping workpieces at right angles. Such clamps are often supplemented with special holes for fastening to a workbench.
Flaws. Limited opportunities when working with overall wooden elements.
Application area. Clamps for gluing and fixing wood at right angles. Creating connections on the mustache.
Keyless (automatic) clamps
Design features. A typical design of a quick-release clamp consists of a metal bar and two plastic jaws (movable and fixed). The moving part is pressed by means of a special lever mechanism. The lightweight and durable body of quick-clamp clamps is made of plastic composites reinforced with fiberglass. This allows the use of automatic clamps in almost any conditions.
Advantages. One-handed options are perhaps the most convenient and ergonomic type of clamps. How to use such clamps is intuitive: all manipulations are performed with one hand, while the other holds the part. Even the smallest quick-acting clamps have tremendous clamping force.
Most lever models have a transforming design that expands the capabilities of the tool. For example, on some models, you can turn the jaws in opposite directions, to work by surprise, which is very convenient when disassembling spiked joints. Two quick clamps can be easily re-arranged into one long one by interlocking the protrusions on the fixed jaws.
Flaws. High-quality automatic clamps are quite expensive, and almost all budget counterparts are not highly reliable.
Application area. Quick-release clamps are used for all types of carpentry work: from fixing small parts to gluing large boards.
Spring clamps
Design features. Clamps with non-adjustable clamping force, working on the principle of a clothespin. A popular variation of the classic spring clamp are designs with a variable clamp width.
Advantages. Clamps are lightweight and comfortable, all manipulations when working with them are performed with one hand. They provide a stable, powerful clamping force. Optimal for delicate fixation of parts to be glued.
Flaws. Small depth of capture.
Application area. Universal fixture for gluing and fixing oversized parts.
Tape clamps
Design features. The band clamp consists of a strong synthetic band and a tensioning block. The package usually includes plastic elements for adjusting corners.
Advantages. Provides gentle clamping of corners and roundings without distortion, which is very important at the gluing stage. Allows you to work with products of any size: from small frames to large cabinets. The use of plastic corner elements ensures uniform pressure when gluing corners and miter joints.
Application area. Choice of clamps belt type – best option for difficult carpentry tasks: clamping roundings large diameter, fixing polygonal connections, etc.
Pipe clamps
Do-it-yourself angle clamps.
Special clips for gluing the corners of picture or photo frames can be bought at the store. At the same time, many craftsmen still invent and make their own devices for gluing corners. The fact is that products from the store are not always suitable for non-standard frame sizes. In addition, if you make frames from case to case, buy pieces of iron that most time will roll and rust does not make sense.
Frames can be glued using three conventional clamps. But for this you need to make a very simple device. This device consists of two small parts in the form of corner stops.
The base of the stop is a strip of hardboard or MDF, you can also use 6 mm plywood. . The length and width of the strip is selected depending on the thickness of the frame bars. In most cases, a width of 25-30 mm is sufficient. and lengths 200-250 mm. . From dense wood, beech, oak or birch, we cut out two corners. We glue each corner onto our MDF strip closer to one end of the part, this can be seen in Figure No. 1.
When gluing the frame, each block is pressed with a clamp to the outer edge of the frame part. A bar for frames with a selected profile is called a "baguette", well, that's it, for information. I myself often use the usual carpentry terms, blank, bar, detail, and so on. In order not to have to tighten the clamps too much, on smooth surface hardboard facing the part, it is good to stick a strip sandpaper. The very process of compressing the corner when gluing, I think, is clear when looking at picture No. 2.
Some more points: When gluing, make sure that the bars are in the same plane. Remove the glue that has come out immediately after clamping, the easiest way to do this is with a soft cloth. The corner is dry-fitted, even before gluing. When tightening the clamps, the parts will simply fall into place, if you try to change the angle at the same time, high-quality gluing of the frame will not work.
Frame bonding.
Corner clamps, that is, a device for gluing corners, can be made in a slightly different way.
Strengthening the corner of the frame with a flat plug-in spike.
It is possible to glue in this way corner connections on dowels, or flat plug-in spikes. Although it is possible to glue each corner of the frame separately, it looks too irrational. Usually all the same, the entire frame is glued together.
Device in the form of wooden blocks, the details are made with an inner quarter and an outer corner cut to stop the main clamp.
Gluing the frame with conventional clamps.
This is what we are talking about, a simple device that is described in the article just serves as the basis for gluing the entire frame at once. To do this, we need two more long clamps to hold down the two remaining parts.
Here, instead of plates from solid material the whole solid block of solid wood is used. The principle of operation is the same, it just takes more time to make such blocks.
