How to draw up an annual maintenance schedule for electrical equipment? I will try to answer this question in detail in today’s post.

It's no secret that the main document by which electrical equipment is repaired is the annual schedule of preventive maintenance of electrical equipment, on the basis of which the need for repair personnel, materials, spare parts, and components is determined. It includes each unit subject to major and routine repairs of electrical equipment.

To compile annual schedule For scheduled preventive maintenance (prevention schedule) of electrical equipment, we will need standards for the frequency of equipment repairs. This data can be found in the manufacturer’s passport data for electrical equipment, if the plant specifically regulates this, or use the reference book “System for Maintenance and Repair of Power Equipment.” I use the A.I. reference book. FMD 2008, therefore, further I will refer to this source.

Download the reference book A.I. Foot and mouth disease

So. Your household has a certain amount of energy equipment. All this equipment must be included in the maintenance schedule. But first a little general information, what is the annual PPR schedule.

Column 1 indicates the name of the equipment, as a rule, brief and clear information about the equipment, for example, name and type, power, manufacturer, etc. Column 2 – number according to the scheme (inventory number). I often use numbers from electrical single-line diagrams or process diagrams. Columns 3-5 indicate service life standards between major repairs and current ones. Columns 6-10 indicate the dates of the last major and current repairs. In columns 11-22, each of which corresponds to one month, symbol indicate the type of planned repair: K - capital, T - current. In columns 23 and 24, respectively, the annual equipment downtime for repairs and the annual working time fund are recorded. Now that we have examined the general provisions about the PPR schedule, let’s look at a specific example. Let's assume that in our electrical facilities, in building 541, we have: 1) a three-phase two-winding oil transformer (T-1 according to the diagram) 6/0.4 kV, 1000 kVA; 2) pump electric motor, asynchronous (designation according to scheme N-1), Рн=125 kW; Step 1. We enter our equipment into the empty PPR schedule form.

Step 2. At this stage, we determine the resource standards between repairs and downtime. a) For our transformer: open the reference book p. 205 and in the table “Standards for the frequency, duration and labor intensity of repairs of transformers and complete substations” we find a description of the equipment that is suitable for our transformer . For our power of 1000 kVA, we select the values ​​of the frequency of repairs and downtime during major and current repairs, and write them down in our schedule.

b) For an electric motor according to the same scheme - p. 151 Table 7.1 (see figure).

We transfer the found standards in the tables to our PPR schedule

Step 3. For the selected electrical equipment, we need to decide on the number and type of repairs in the coming year . To do this, we need to determine the dates of the last repairs - major and current. Let's say we are making a schedule for 2011. The equipment is operational, we know the dates of repairs . For T-1, a major overhaul was carried out in January 2005, the current one was in January 2008 . For the N-1 pump motor, the major one is September 2009, the current one is March 2010. We enter this data into the chart.

We determine when and what types of repairs the T-1 transformer will undergo in 2011. As we know there are 8640 hours in a year. We take the found service life standard between major repairs for the T-1 transformer, 103680 hours, and divide it by the number of hours in a year, 8640 hours. We calculate 103680/8640 = 12 years. Thus, the next major overhaul should be carried out 12 years after the last major overhaul, and since the last one was in January 2005, which means the next one is planned for January 2017. For current repairs, the operating principle is the same: 25920/8640 = 3 years. The last current repair was carried out in January 2008, so 2008+3=2011. The next routine repair is in January 2011, it is for this year that we draw up a schedule, therefore, in column 8 (January) for the T-1 transformer we enter “T”.

For the electric motor we get; major repairs are carried out every 6 years and are planned for September 2015. The current one is carried out 2 times a year (every 6 months) and, according to the latest current repairs, we plan for March and September 2011. Important note: if the electrical equipment is newly installed, then all types of repairs, as a rule, “dance” from the date of commissioning of the equipment. Our graph looks like this:

Step 4. Determining annual downtime for repairs . For a transformer it will be equal to 8 hours, because in 2011 we planned one routine repair, and in the resource standards for routine repairs the denominator is 8 hours . For the N-1 electric motor, there will be two routine repairs in 2011; the standard downtime for routine repairs is 10 hours. We multiply 10 hours by 2 and get annual downtime equal to 20 hours. In the annual working time column, we indicate the number of hours that this equipment will be in operation minus downtime for repairs. We get the final look of our graph.

Important note: at some enterprises, power engineers in their annual production schedules, instead of the last two columns of annual downtime and annual capital, indicate only one column - “Labor intensity, man*hour”. This labor intensity is calculated by the number of pieces of equipment and the labor intensity standards for one repair. This scheme is convenient when working with contractors performing repair work. Do not forget that repair dates must be coordinated with the mechanical service and, if necessary, the instrumentation service, as well as with other structural units directly related to the repair and maintenance of related equipment. If you have any questions about drawing up the annual PPR schedule, ask questions, I will try, if possible, to answer them in detail.

Today, scheduled preventive maintenance is the simplest, but at the same time reliable method implementation of work. As for the resumption of operation of the equipment, the list of basic conditions ensuring it includes the following:

The units have already worked a specific number of hours and a new periodic operating cycle is coming, which must necessarily precede scheduled preventive maintenance.

Normal volume level repair work clearly indicated by determining the optimal periods between scheduled periodic maintenance.

Organization of approved work. Control over them is based on a standard scope of work. Their responsible implementation ensures the continued full functioning of existing units.

Scheduled preventive maintenance of electrical installation equipment is carried out to the extent necessary to effectively eliminate all existing defects. It is also carried out to ensure the natural course of operation of the equipment until subsequent repairs. Typically, a planned preventive maintenance schedule is drawn up taking into account established periods.

During breaks between scheduled repair work, electrical equipment is also subject to pre-scheduled inspections and a number of checks, which are essentially preventive.

Repair work of electrical equipment

The alternation and frequency of scheduled repairs of units depend both on their purpose and on their design features, operating conditions, dimensions. The basis of preparation for this work is to clarify defects, select spare parts and spare parts that will need to be replaced in the future. An algorithm for performing this type of manipulation is specially developed, making it possible to ensure uninterrupted operation of equipment (machines) during repairs. Proper preparation Such an action plan makes it possible to completely restore the functioning of all devices without disrupting the usual operating mode of production.

Organization of the process

Competent planned preventive maintenance involves the following sequence:

1. Planning.

2. Preparing units for repair.

3. Carrying out repair work.

4. Carrying out activities related to repairs and scheduled maintenance.

The system of planned preventive maintenance of equipment under consideration has stages: between repairs, current. They can be considered in more detail.

Interrepair phase

The between-repair phase allows for equipment repair work to be carried out without disrupting the production process. It includes systematic cleaning, lubrication, inspection, and adjustment of units. This also includes eliminating minor faults and replacing parts with a short service life. In other words, this is prevention, which cannot be done without daily examination and care. It must be properly organized in order to maximize the service life of existing equipment.

A serious approach to this issue can significantly reduce the costs of future repairs and contribute to better and more efficient implementation of the tasks set by the enterprise. The main work that is carried out during the overhaul phase is daily lubrication and cleaning of units, compliance by all employees with the rules for using devices, monitoring current state equipment, adjustment of mechanisms and timely elimination of minor breakdowns.

Current stage

This stage Scheduled preventive maintenance work on electrical equipment often does not involve disassembling the devices, but it includes the prompt elimination and elimination of all breakdowns that arose during the period of operation. In this case, only the units stop. During the current stage, tests and measurements are carried out, thanks to which equipment defects are identified even on early stages, and this is very important.

The decision about whether electrical equipment is suitable is made by repair specialists. This is within their competence. They base their decision on a comparison of the existing conclusions obtained during tests during the implementation of planned ongoing repair work.

Elimination of defects in the functioning of units can be carried out not only during scheduled repairs, but also outside of it. This usually happens after the equipment resource has completely exhausted itself.

Carrying out scheduled preventative maintenance: middle stage

Allows you to partially or completely restore worn-out units. The stage includes disassembling the necessary components to view them, eliminating identified defects, cleaning mechanisms and replacing some quickly wearing parts and components. It is held annually.

The system of scheduled preventive maintenance at the middle stage includes setting the volume, cyclicity and sequence of the work indicated here in strict accordance with all regulatory and technical documents. Thanks to this, normal operation of the equipment occurs.

Major repairs and its prerequisites

It is carried out after opening the equipment and thoroughly checking it, examining all parts for defects. This stage includes measurements, testing, and elimination of identified faults that require modernization of units. There is a 100% recovery here. technical parameters the devices in question.

When is a major overhaul of electrical equipment carried out?

This kind of manipulation is possible only after the completion of the overhaul phase. The following conditions must also be met:

A work schedule has been drawn up.

A preliminary check and inspection has been carried out.

All necessary documents have been prepared.

Replacement parts and tools provided.

Fire safety measures have been completed.

What does a major renovation include?

The process of repairing electrical equipment in this case consists of:

1. Replacement/restoration of worn mechanisms.

2. Upgrades of devices that require this.

3. Carrying out measurements and preventive checks.

4. Carrying out work to eliminate minor damage.

Malfunctions and defects that are discovered during inspections of equipment (machines) are eliminated during subsequent repairs. Failures classified as emergencies are repaired immediately. Equipment different types has its own frequency of activities related to repair work, which is regulated by the rules technical operation. All manipulations carried out are reflected in the documentation; strict records are kept of the availability of units and their condition.

According to the approved plan for the year, a nomenclature plan is created, which records the implementation of current/major repairs. Before starting work, the date of shutdown of electrical equipment (machines) for repairs must be specified.

The schedule of planned preventive maintenance is the official basis for drawing up an annual budget plan, developed twice during the specified period. The total amount of the estimate plan is distributed by month and quarter, taking into account the period of capital repair work.

Peculiarities

Today, the preventive maintenance system involves the use of microprocessor and computer technology (stands, structures, testing and diagnostic installations). Thanks to this, equipment wear is prevented and restoration costs are reduced. Also, all this helps to increase operational efficiency, and consequently, the profit of enterprises.

Preventative maintenance: drawing up a schedule for the year

Let's look at how the schedule for the year is drawn up. Scheduled preventive maintenance of buildings or electrical equipment is a full-fledged set of organizational and technical measures closely related to supervision and maintenance. It concerns all types of repairs and is carried out periodically according to a previously drawn up plan. This helps prevent premature partial or complete wear of equipment and accidents. All systems fire protection are in constant readiness.

Scheduled preventive maintenance is organized according to a system that includes such types of maintenance as:

Weekly technical repairs.

Monthly repair work.

Annual pre-scheduled preventative maintenance.

The developed regulations on scheduled preventive maintenance are approved by line ministries, as well as departments. The document is mandatory for execution by industry enterprises.

Scheduled preventive maintenance is always carried out in strict accordance with the existing annual work schedule, which includes each mechanism that is subject to current or major renovation. When drawing up this schedule, standards for the frequency of equipment maintenance are used. They are taken from the passport data of the units prepared by the manufacturer. All available mechanisms and devices are included in the schedule, which indicates brief information about them: quantity, resource standards, labor intensity of one current or major repair. It also records information about the latest ongoing and major repairs.

Additional Information

The regulations on preventive maintenance contain information on intra-shift maintenance (supervision, care) and preventive inspection of existing equipment. It is usually assigned to operational and duty personnel. It also contains information about the implementation of planned work.

The advantages of planned preventive maintenance systems include:

Recording downtime of units, equipment, machines.

Control over the duration of the between-repair periods of operation of devices.

Forecasting the costs of repairing equipment, mechanisms, components.

Accounting for the number of personnel involved in the activity, which depends on the complexity of repairs.

Analysis of the causes of equipment failure.

Disadvantages of planned preventive maintenance systems:

The complexity of calculating labor costs.

Lack of convenient and suitable tools for planning (implementation) of repair activities.

Difficulty in taking into account the parameter/indicator.

The complexity of operational adjustment of planned work.

Each preventative maintenance system has a trouble-free model for the operation/repair of units, but in the event of accidents or as a result of wear and tear, unscheduled work may also be carried out related to the full restoration of the functioning of the devices.

The frequency of equipment shutdowns for major or routine repairs is determined by the service life of wear-out mechanisms, parts, and assemblies. And their duration is determined by the time needed to perform the most labor-intensive manipulations.

Lifting machines (units), in addition to preventive inspection, are also subject to technical examination. It is carried out by specialists responsible for the supervision of this equipment.

Distribution of personnel into groups

After selecting the form of service and the structure of the electrical service of the farm, electricians and engineers are distributed among structural units.

The required number of personnel in maintenance and repair groups or at service areas is determined by the formula.

where N x is the number of personnel in the group (at the site, people);

T i - annual labor costs for performing the first type of work in a group (on a site), person h.;

The number of personnel in the operational (duty) group is determined.

where KD is the coefficient of shared participation of labor costs for operational (duty) maintenance in the planned costs of maintenance, repairs, and equipment

(K D =0.15…..0.25).

The number of personnel in the repair group is determined as

where N repair is the number of personnel in the repair group (persons);

T i - annual labor costs for repairs, man/hour;

F D - actual working time fund per worker, hours.

The number of personnel in the maintenance group is determined

When distributing personnel, it should be taken into account that, according to the requirements of safety regulations for the operation of consumer electrical installations, at least two electricians must be assigned to each site (facility), one of whom is appointed senior.

The total number of electricians in groups (in areas) of the electrical service, determined by labor costs (without major repairs), should not differ sharply from the total number of electricians determined by average load.

Drawing up schedules for electrical equipment maintenance

Requirements for maintenance and repair schedules

The basis for organizing work on the operation of electrical equipment are monthly, quarterly and annual maintenance and repair schedules. When developing them, the following must be taken into account:

TR dates for electrical equipment should be combined with repair dates for the machines on which it is used;

It is advisable to repair electrical equipment used seasonally before the period of its intensive use;

The planned duration of work must correspond to the complexity category of electrical equipment;

The time for electricians to move around service facilities during the working day must be reduced as much as possible;

The entire working day of electricians should be filled with work as much as possible.

The procedure for drawing up maintenance and maintenance schedules

The schedules are drawn up in the following order:

1. A worksheet is developed, on the basis of which a monthly schedule of planned preventative repairs. The work tables (Appendix 1) provide a list of electrical equipment of individual production divisions of the economy (complex, farm, mechanical repair shops, subsidiary enterprises, etc.) indicating the timing of installation of equipment, carrying out the latest major, current and emergency repairs, maintenance . Each piece of equipment is shown on a separate line.

Maintenance planning begins with a more complex type, i.e. from major repairs, then routine repairs are planned and lastly the time for maintenance is set.

The duration of a particular type of maintenance work is determined by the frequency and date of its last implementation. If the days of repairs fall on Sundays (Saturdays) or pre-holidays, then the repairs are postponed to a later or earlier date

If the dates of maintenance, repair or repair coincide, a more complex type of repair is planned. Calendar days for major equipment repairs are set depending on the specific conditions of the farm or the organization involved. The timing of subsequent maintenance and technical repairs is determined by the frequency of their implementation. If the frequency of scheduled preventative repairs or maintenance is violated, they are scheduled for the beginning of the month.

The type of repair (overhaul, current) or maintenance is indicated in the calendar day columns, respectively, with the letters KR, TR or TO. The table also marks weekends (W) and holidays (P).

2. Based on the worksheet data, a monthly PPR schedule is drawn up (Appendix 2). Using data on the labor intensity of maintenance and repairs, the labor costs of electricians are determined by day to complete the planned amount of work. Repair costs are not taken into account if this type of repair is performed by a third party.

In some cases: with territorial dispersion of units and low labor costs for performing maintenance (0.5-1h) and routine repairs (2-8h); If there is a lack of means of transporting workers, the frequency of routine repairs and maintenance can be neglected. In this case, planning is carried out based on: a full shift workload of electricians (at least two people) and minimal violation of the deadlines for carrying out maintenance work. It is not advisable to violate the frequency of performing maintenance work on electrical equipment operating under conditions of ammonia release in damp rooms.

Schedules for subsequent months are drawn up in the same way.

3. Based on monthly schedules, quarterly and annual schedules are compiled (Appendix 2).

When drawing up general PPR schedules for all departments of the economy, it is necessary to ensure that there is no overlap in the deadlines for work at various facilities for the same services. After drawing up the schedules, they are carefully checked.

To ensure continuity technological processes Maintenance and repair of electrical equipment is carried out during technological breaks. Performance current repairs electrical equipment is planned simultaneously with the current repair of process equipment. Seasonal maintenance and repairs, as well as major repairs of electrical wiring of livestock buildings and grain storage areas are planned for the period of their downtime. This work must be completed before the start of the operating season of the production facility.

At the same time, the schedule must ensure: uniform workload of electricians throughout the day, month and year; minimal losses time for transition and travel between objects; compliance with the standardized frequency of preventive measures (deviations should not exceed ±35%).

For efficient work equipment at RUE MZIV requires a clear organization of its material and technical maintenance. A large number of At the same time, organization of equipment repair is assigned. The essence of repair is to preserve and restore the functionality of equipment and mechanisms by replacing or restoring worn parts and adjusting mechanisms. Every year, more than 10-12% of equipment undergoes major repairs, 20-30% - medium and 90-100% - minor. The costs of repairs and maintenance of equipment account for more than 10% of the cost of production. Over the entire service life of the machine, the cost of repairing it is several times higher than its original cost.

The main task of the repair facility is to maintain equipment in technically sound condition, which ensures its uninterrupted operation. This requires systematic care and maintenance of equipment during its operation and the organization of scheduled preventive maintenance. Depending on the size of enterprises and the nature of production, three forms of work organization are used:

• – decentralized - in which all types of repair work and maintenance are carried out by the repair services of the workshops. It's not very effective;
• – centralized - in which all repair work and production of spare parts are carried out by specialized workshops. Centralization of repairs improves the quality of repair services, reduces the cost of work;
• – mixed - in which overhauls and production of spare parts are carried out by the mechanical repair shop, and small and medium repairs and inter-repair maintenance are carried out by the repair sections of the main shops.

For the repair of complex equipment (computers, power equipment), proprietary service is increasingly being used, which is carried out by special units of the manufacturer.

Currently, processing enterprises operate a system of planned preventive maintenance of equipment (PSM), which is a progressive form of organizing repair work.

PPR is a set of organizational and technical measures aimed at maintaining equipment in working condition and preventing its emergency decommissioning. Each machine, after working a certain number of hours, is stopped and subjected to preventive inspection or repair, the frequency of which is determined by the design features and operating conditions of the machines.

The PPR system at RUE MZIV provides for the following types of services:

• 1. Casual technical care, which includes preparing equipment for operation (inspection, cleaning, adjustment), as well as startup and monitoring in operation. It is carried out by maintenance personnel, with the involvement of repair workers in some cases.
• 2. Periodic inspections carried out regularly according to plan at certain intervals, depending on the design features of the equipment and its operating conditions. They are carried out to check the technical condition of machines and identify defects that need to be eliminated during the next repair.
• 3. Current (minor) repairs consist of replacing wear parts, as well as carrying out other work to ensure normal operation of the machine until the next repair. It also identifies parts that require replacement during medium or major repairs.
• 4. Medium repairs are more difficult. Here you need to partially disassemble the mechanism, replace and restore worn parts. It is performed without removing the mechanism from the foundation.
• 5. Major repairs, consisting of replacing worn parts and assemblies, checking and adjusting machines and restoring them in accordance with technical specifications. Carrying out a major overhaul involves complete disassembly of the equipment, removing it from the foundation if necessary.

Inspections, current and major repairs are performed by special repair personnel with the assistance of maintenance staff.

The basis for drawing up a maintenance plan is the standards and structure of the repair cycle. The repair cycle is the operating time of the machine from the start of its commissioning until the first major overhaul. It depends on the durability of the parts and operating conditions of the equipment. Therefore, the duration of the repair cycle is determined by the initial value established for a given type of equipment, which is given in the PPR system for the relevant industry and equipment.

The structure of the repair cycle is the number and sequence of repairs and inspections included in the repair cycle.

Overhaul period ( Mrts) is the operating time of the equipment between two scheduled repairs:

Where RC

Number of average repairs;

Number of current (small) repairs.

The inter-inspection period is the operating time of equipment between two adjacent inspections or between inspection and the next repair:

where is the number of inspections.

Each piece of equipment is assigned a repair complexity category (R). It characterizes the degree of difficulty of repairing this type of equipment. The category number assigned to or another machine indicates the number of conditional repair units contained in it.

The category of repair complexity is used to calculate the volume of repair work, which is necessary to determine the labor intensity of repair work and, on this basis, calculate the number of repair personnel and their wage fund, determine the number of machines in mechanical repair shops.

Let's build the structure of the repair cycle and determine the number of all types of repairs and inspections for some equipment of RUE MZIV.

For the convenience of performing calculations, we summarize the initial data in Table 4.1 (based on data from the RUP MZIV (by the number of equipment) and the “Regulations on the system of scheduled preventive maintenance of equipment”).

Table 4.1 - Initial information

Between-repair maintenance rate per worker per shift (based on the “Regulations on the System of Planned Preventive Maintenance of Equipment): for wine bottling equipment - 100 and other technological equipment - 150 standard repair units

The annual working time of one worker is 1860 hours, the production rate fulfillment rate is 0.95, the equipment shifts are 1.5. The duration of the work shift is 8 hours. The number of workers directly involved in repairs is 9 people (according to RUP MZIV).

Let's build the structure of the repair cycle for all types of equipment according to Table 4.1.

For bottle washing machine: K-O1-O2-O4-O5-T1-O6-O7-O8-O9-010-C1-O11-O12-O13-Ol4-O15-T2-O16-O17-O18-O19- O20-K

Filling machine K-O1-O2-OZ-O4-O5-O6-O7-O8-T1-O9-O10-O11-O12-O13-O14-O15-O16-S1-O17-O18-O19-O20-O21- O22-O23-O24-T2-O25-O26-O27-O28-O29-O30-OZ1-O32-S2-OZZ-O34-O35-O36-O37-O38-O39-O40-TZ-O41-O42-O43- O44-O45-O46-O47-O48-K

In order to distribute all repairs and inspections by month of the planned year, it is necessary to determine the duration between repairs ( Mrp) and inter-examination ( Mop)periods (according to table 4.1) according to the formula:

RC- duration of the repair cycle,

For bottle washer:

Mrp=18/(1+2+1)=4.5 months=135 days.

Filling machine

Mrp=48/(2+3+1)=8 months=240 days.

Let's determine the duration of the inter-examination period:

For bottle washer:

Mop=18/(1+2+20+1)=0.75 months=23 days.

Filling machine

Mop=48/(2+3+48+1)=0.9 months=27 days.

DEVELOPING A PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE (PPR)

In order to ensure reliable operation of equipment and prevent malfunctions and wear, enterprises periodically carry out scheduled preventive maintenance of equipment (PPR). It allows you to carry out a number of works aimed at restoring equipment and replacing parts, which ensures economical and continuous operation of the equipment.

The rotation and frequency of scheduled preventive maintenance (PPR) of equipment is determined by the purpose of the equipment, its design and repair features, dimensions and operating conditions.

Equipment is stopped for scheduled maintenance while it is still in working order. This (planned) principle of bringing equipment out for repairs allows necessary preparation to equipment shutdown - both from the service center specialists and from the customer’s production personnel. Preparation for scheduled preventive maintenance of equipment consists of identifying equipment defects, selecting and ordering spare parts and parts that should be replaced during repairs.

Such preparation allows for the full scope of repair work to be carried out without disrupting the normal operation of the enterprise.

Competent implementation of PPR presupposes:

• · planning preventive maintenance of equipment;
• · preparation of equipment for scheduled maintenance;
• · carrying out scheduled preventive maintenance of equipment;
• · Carrying out activities related to scheduled preventive maintenance and technical maintenance equipment.

Scheduled equipment repairs include the following steps:

1. Between-repair phase of maintenance.

The between-repair stage of equipment maintenance is carried out mainly without stopping the operation of the equipment itself.

The between-repair stage of equipment maintenance consists of:

• · systematic cleaning of equipment;
• · systematic lubrication of equipment;
• systematic inspection of equipment;
• · systematic adjustment of equipment operation;
• · replacement of parts with a short service life;
• · elimination of minor faults and defects.

The maintenance period between repairs is prevention in other words. The maintenance period between repairs includes daily inspection and maintenance of equipment and must be properly organized in order to:

• · radically extend the period of operation of the equipment;
• · maintain excellent quality of work;
• · reduce and speed up costs associated with scheduled repairs.

The maintenance period between repairs consists of:

• · tracking the condition of the equipment;
• · implementation of rules of proper operation by workers;
• · daily cleaning and lubrication;
• · timely liquidation minor breakdowns and adjustment of mechanisms.

The maintenance period between repairs is carried out without stopping the production process. This maintenance stage is carried out during breaks in equipment operation.

2. Current stage of scheduled maintenance.

The current stage of preventative maintenance is often carried out without opening the equipment, temporarily stopping the operation of the equipment. The current stage of scheduled preventive maintenance consists of eliminating breakdowns that appear during operation and consists of inspection, lubrication of parts, and cleaning of equipment.

The current stage of scheduled preventative maintenance precedes the capital one. At the current stage of preventive maintenance, important tests and measurements are carried out, leading to the identification of equipment defects at an early stage of their occurrence. Having assembled the equipment at the current stage of scheduled maintenance, it is adjusted and tested.

A decision on the suitability of equipment for further operation is made by repairmen, based on a comparison of test results at the current stage of scheduled maintenance with existing standards, the results of past tests. Testing of equipment that cannot be transported is carried out using electrical mobile laboratories.

In addition to scheduled preventive maintenance, work outside the plan is carried out to eliminate any defects in the operation of equipment. These works are carried out after the entire working life of the equipment has been exhausted. Also, to eliminate the consequences of accidents, emergency repairs are carried out, which require immediate shutdown of the equipment.

3. Middle stage of scheduled maintenance

The middle stage of scheduled preventive maintenance is intended for partial or complete restoration of used equipment.

The middle stage of scheduled maintenance is to disassemble equipment components to inspect, clean parts and eliminate identified defects, change parts and assemblies that wear out quickly and that do not ensure proper use of the equipment until the next major overhaul. The middle stage of scheduled maintenance is carried out no more than once a year.

The middle stage of scheduled preventative maintenance includes repairs in which normative and technical documentation establishes the cyclicity, volume and sequence of repair work, regardless of the technical condition in which the equipment is located.

The middle stage of preventive maintenance ensures that the operation of the equipment is maintained normally and there is little chance that the equipment will fail.

4. Major renovation

Overhaul of equipment is carried out by opening the equipment, checking the equipment with a meticulous inspection of the “internals”, testing, measurements, eliminating identified breakdowns, as a result of which the equipment is modernized. Major repairs ensure the restoration of the original technical characteristics equipment.

Major repairs of equipment are carried out only after the overhaul period. To implement it, the following steps are necessary:

• · drawing up work schedules;
• · carrying out preliminary inspection and verification;
• · preparation of documentation;
• · preparation of tools, spare parts;
• · implementation of fire prevention and safety measures.

Overhaul of equipment consists of:

• · replacement or restoration of worn parts;
• · modernization of any parts;
• · performing preventive measurements and checks;
• · Carrying out work to eliminate minor damage.

Defects that are discovered during equipment inspection are eliminated during subsequent major overhaul of the equipment. Breakdowns that are emergency in nature are eliminated immediately.

A specific type of equipment has its own frequency of scheduled preventive maintenance, which is regulated by the rules of technical operation.

Activities under the PPR system are reflected in the relevant documentation, with strict consideration of the availability of equipment, its condition and movement. The list of documents includes:

• · Technical passport for each mechanism or its duplicate.
• · Equipment registration card (appendix to the technical passport).
• · Annual cyclical equipment repair schedule.
• · Annual plan and estimate for equipment overhaul.
• · Monthly plan-report for equipment repairs.
• · Acceptance certificate for major repairs.
• · Shift log of technological equipment malfunctions.
• · Extract from the annual PPR schedule.

Based on the approved annual PPR schedule, a nomenclature plan is drawn up for major and current repairs, broken down by months and quarters. Before starting major or current repairs, it is necessary to clarify the date of equipment delivery for repairs.

The annual PPR schedule and tables of initial data are the basis for drawing up an annual budget plan, which is developed twice a year. The annual amount of the estimate plan is divided into quarters and months depending on the period of major repairs according to the PPR schedule for a given year.

Based on the report plan, the accounting department is provided with a report on the costs incurred for major repairs, and the manager is provided with a report on the implementation of the nomenclature repair plan according to the annual PPR schedule.

Currently, computer and microprocessor technology (installations, stands, devices for diagnostics and testing of electrical equipment) are increasingly used for scheduled preventive maintenance (PPR), which influence the prevention of equipment wear and reduction of equipment repair time, reduction of repair costs, as well as helps improve the operating efficiency of electrical equipment.