Sailing ship Portsmouth. From the depths of the sea to the Museum of Portsmouth ship of the line 1714

Virtual exhibition of underwater archeology

The Museum of the History of Kronstadt is carrying out painstaking work to collect items related to underwater archeology in order to expand the exhibition "Secrets of Sunken Ships". We present to your attention a virtual exhibition " Sailing ship"Portsmouth", which shows objects recovered from the sunken ship, as well as its fragments.

Sailing ship "Portsmouth"

The sailing ship of the line Portsmouth was laid down in July 1714 in Amsterdam according to the project of Peter I and after launching in November of the same year, it became part of the Russian Baltic Fleet. The armament of the vessel was 54 guns, and the crew consisted of 330 people.

The Portsmouth ship forever entered the military annals of the Fatherland with its participation as the flagship of Captain 2nd Rank Naum Senyavin in the first truly naval victory of the Russian fleet over the Swedish fleet on May 24, 1719 between the islands of Ezel and Gotska Sandyo. Peter I called this first victory of Russian ships on the high seas without boarding "a good initiative of the Russian fleet." In memory of this victory, a medal was struck with the inscription: "Diligence and fidelity exceed greatly," and Naum Senyavin was promoted, bypassing the rank of captain of the fleet, immediately to captain-commander.

However, in the autumn of 1719, the Portsmouth, together with the English-built ship London, ran aground near Kronstadt in calm weather and clear visibility. This shoal is still called London. The Portsmouth was blown aground by a storm and swept aside, and two years later it was dragged even further into a severe flood. Under Peter, they were looking for him to secure the fairway, but they were not found. And now, almost 300 years later, the remains of legendary ship. It was not until 2008 that specialists from the Underwater Research Center discovered what was Portsmouth three centuries ago. Underwater archaeologists found a large fragment of the bow of the ship and other details that also belonged to him. Work at the site of the sinking of the Portsmouth continues: some of the ship's parts have been lifted from the water and mothballed.

HISTORY OF RECOVERY, CONSERVATION AND PREPARATION FOR EXHIBITION OF THE ARTIFACTS OF THE SHIP "PORTSMOUTH"

Kopeikin Mikhail (St. Petersburg)

The prerequisites for carrying out operational work was the threat of destruction of the remains of the battleship Portsmouth (1714-1719) discovered in 2008, which is a monument to the creation of the Baltic Fleet, which is currently fragmentarily located within the range of underwater sand mining. The basis for the expedition work was the order issued by the Department of State Protection, Preservation and Use of Cultural Heritage Objects of the Leningrad Region in the Directorate for the Construction of a Complex of Protective Structures of St. Petersburg on the need to save this unique object.

Historical reference about the ship "Portsmouth"

The object is of great interest and is a historical monument of national importance. The ship was built in the Republic of the United Provinces of the Northern Netherlands by Dutch craftsmen, but according to a project developed personally by Peter I, who made adjustments to the design even during the construction process, sending written directives to his envoy, the Arkhangelsk merchant Osip, who oversaw the construction

Solovyov. However, the building was built surprisingly quickly. The bookmark took place at the shipyard of Amsterdam in July 1714, and the launching took place on November 11, 1714. The following spring, the hull was towed to England, where from June 19, 1715 to May 31, 1716, the ship was equipped with sailing weapons at the shipyard in Grevezende. In June 1716, he moved to Copenhagen, where on July 17 he officially became part of the Baltic Fleet under the number "25". In Copenhagen, the ship was armed with cannons donated to the Russian Tsar by the King of Denmark. In August 1716, Portsmouth took part in the famous voyage of four fleets - Russian, Dutch, Danish and English under the overall command of Peter I. In the spring of 1717, Portsmouth moved to Russia and was based in Reval. In August 1717, he took part in the capture of the Swedish schooner Pollux off the Aland Islands. But the main triumph of Portsmouth took place on May 24, 1719, when she was the flagship of the Russian detachment of 5 ships, which defeated 3 Swedes off the island of Ezel. This battle is considered the first naval

battle in the history of the Russian naval fleet, which Peter I declared according to its results as a "good start".

Thus, the Portsmouth ship is not only a monument to the creation of the Russian Navy, but also the flagship of its first victory. The ship was lost in the area southwest of Kotlin Island in the autumn of 1719, when a detachment of 3 ships made the transition from Revel to Kronstadt. Two ships ran aground off the southern coast of the Neva Bay, while the London remained aground and was used at least until 1730.

was called as the base of the lighthouse, which denoted from the west the strand, which was called "London". The Portsmouth was blown ashore a day later and sank near the site of the original wreck. In the report of Vice-Admiral Thomas Sanders dated October 1, 1719, it is said "... as the wind became ^Sh, dragged him from the anchors through the sand and sank in deep water and now the more that his dugout is on top of the water ..."

The second life of the grandfather of the Baltic Fleet

Fragments of wooden case a ship of the early 18th century, previously attributed as the battleship Portsmouth (1714-1719). Lifting is carried out by a floating crane. Under water, scuba divers wound slings under fragments of the hull.

This work required certain skills and strict adherence to safety rules. Visibility in the Gulf of Finland is poor (from 2.5 to 0.5 m) and when the fragments come off, a strong suspension rises, which instantly and permanently reduces visibility to 0.2 m. In such conditions, even with powerful light sources, it is very difficult to work and dangerous. However, the main parts of the hull that were visible above the ground were removed from the water and laid on a special floating pontoon.

To deliver the artifacts to the place of their storage for further conservation work, it took several trailers and truck cranes for loading and unloading. In the port, loading from the pontoon onto trailers was carried out using the boom of a floating crane. In the future, for the transfer of artifacts, it was repeatedly necessary to call a truck crane. Recommendations of Finnish archaeologists from the maritime museum in Kotka, where elements of the Russian warship "Saint Nicholas", which died in the second Battle of Rochensalm in 1790, were chosen as a concept for conservation, recommendations of Canadian archaeologists Sawada

M., Grattan R, Mecawley Y. from Ottawa, as well as the recommendations of the Department of Conservation and Restoration of the Novgorod Archaeological Expedition (Kublo E.K.).

The choice of the primary conservation ideology was made on the basis of the significant dimensions and mass of the artifacts of the Portsmouth ship. During the autumn-winter of 2011, in the presence of good frosts, wooden artifacts were subjected to freezing in natural conditions, which, according to many experts (restorers from Veliky Novgorod), allowed the tree to dry with the least cracks and leash. By the beginning of the cleaning process, we received a fairly dry material. During the winter, the tree was frozen and by the time of processing it had a certain degree of moisture necessary for preservation.

Preservation of any type of wood begins with its cleaning and removal of rotten and non-preservable areas. To process the structures of the ship, it was necessary to apply both mechanical methods and chemical methods, i.e. to impregnate each element of the ship with special antifungal

and stabilizing solutions. The main part of the Portsmouth wooden set is made of oak. Tree in salty cold water The Baltika has been preserved quite well, and after the initial cleaning, a 300-year-old bog oak. Cleaning all the elements took about two years. In the course of work, impregnation with antiseptics was carried out. After 4.5 years, we can state the absence of rotting and mold on all parts of the ship. After additional processing and drying, the body elements are impregnated with a special preservative, which completely stabilizes each individual wooden element. The wood is, as it were, sealed, which makes it possible to eliminate leashes and swelling when the temperature and humidity of the storage room change.

For the antiseptic treatment of wood, an antiseptic for outdoor work by the company "YEOMGO" was used, which gave a very good results observed for at least 4 years. This is an antiseptic brand "440C0". In some cases, after repeated treatment of artifacts (3-4 times) with an antiseptic, there was no need for impregnation with a strengthening solution. G. A. Preobrazhenskaya, a leading specialist in the field of conservation and restoration of wood, also writes about this in her book “Carved Wood in the Temple” (p. 181). Impregnation with a hardening solution is final stage with real technology. Impregnation of the company "Neogard" based on organosilicon is used. These water repellents are oligomeric compounds or their solutions containing groups that can chemically bond with the surface of the material: Si-OH, Si-OCH3, SI-OC2H5.

Thanks to the “brush” from the “P” group, the surface of the treated material is no longer wetted by water to the same extent as, for example, wax or paraffin. However, the gaps between the "P" groups are large enough, so the exchange of gases (oxygen, water vapor) between the surface and environment the surface "breathes".

Water repellents penetrate the surfaces of materials and are fixed in them due to the formation of chemical bonds with cellulose fibers and simultaneous polymerization.

As a result, a coating that is harmless to humans and animals is formed, which is highly resistant to external influences. Additionally, this coating prevents the growth of mold, fungi and microorganisms on the surface of the products. Since the action of Neogard-Derevo water repellents manifests itself at the molecular level, they do not change appearance products, their structure and mechanical properties. The cost of the components of water repellents is low, so the finished compositions can be used on a large scale.

After drying, the composition does not change the color, structure and smell of wood; does not interfere with moisture and gas exchange from the surface of the product. The results of processing with this impregnation were approved by the staff of the archaeological laboratory in Veliky Novgorod (E. Kublo) and by many participants of the conference "On the Preservation of the Underwater Cultural Heritage" at the Kaliningrad Museum of the "World Ocean", where samples of "wet" wood, preserved by this method, were demonstrated. Final stage conservation is still ongoing. The entire process of conservation before transfer to the exhibition took 4.5 years. And it will take about a year to complete the process.

Also very important point is the design and manufacture of supporting structures, without which it is impossible to imagine artifacts on museum expositions. But this is a different story, which is just beginning for Portsmouth.

At present, the Museum of the History of Kronstadt is assembling the artifacts of the battleship Portsmouth raised and preserved into a single whole, as they were

under the water. This operation requires the development and manufacture of special structures for the installation of frames, keels, sheathing boards, etc. The work is scheduled to be completed in March 2016, when the artifact will be opened for viewing by the public in one of the halls of the museum. Of course, the exposition will develop further, because. work to recover artifacts from this ship continues. So in November 2015, 2 more guns were raised, the side part was found washed out in the sand. The photographs show how the installation of the exposition of the battleship Portsmouth for December 2015 is progressing.

"Pernov". 50/45 guns. Laid down in October 1708 at the Olonets shipyard, launched in 1710. Builder GA. Mentikov. Named after the city and port of Pernov, taken by the Russian army on August 14, 1710. In September 1711, he moved to St. Petersburg. Participated in the Northern War of 1700 - 1721. Broken in 1721

Armament: lower deck - 18-lb guns; upper deck - 12-lb guns; fordeck and tank - 4-lb guns.

Untitled . 50 guns. Laid down in November 1708 at the Olonets shipyard, launched in July 1711. Builders Bent and Count. In 1712 she crashed and sank on Ladoga.

"Poltava". 54 guns. Length 39.82 m. Width without sheathing 11.69 m. Depth of the hold 4.64 m. Draft 4.57 m. Laid down on December 5, 1709 in the St. Named in honor of the victory of the Russian army over the Swedes on June 27, 1709. Participated in the Northern War of 1700-1721. In August 1717 ran aground, was damaged and was sent to St. Petersburg for repairs. Timbered there on the boathouse of the Admiralty in 1718-1719. Broken in 1732

Armament: lower deck - 18-lb guns; open batteries - 12-lb and 3-lb guns.

"Anthony of Padua". 50 guns. Length 34.6 m. Width 13.38 m. Draft 4.4 m. Purchased in 1711 in Hamburg. original title "Don Antoniodi of Padua". In November 1712 he came to Christiansand, and in December - to Copenhagen. In March 1713 he came to Revel. In 1716 he was turned into transport. On November 10, 1716, in a storm, it was carried out of the Revel harbor, thrown aground and broken by waves.

"Randolph". 50 guns. Length 36.65 m. Width 9.75 m. Draft 4.3 m. Purchased in England in August 1712. In December 1712 he arrived in Copenhagen, and on March 2, 1713 - in Revel. Broken in 1725

Beelinbrook (prior to purchase by Sussex). The length on the keel is 36.58 m, along the deck - 29 m. The width is 9 m. Purchased in England in 1712. In 1713, on the way from England to Russia, it was captured by the Swedes.

"Victoria" (before the purchase of "Wenker"). 50 guns. Length 38.86 m. Width 10.9 m. Draft 4.27 m. Purchased in England (in Bristol) in 1712. May 25, 1713 arrived in Reval under the British flag. In 1716 he was converted to transport, and in 1719 - to pram. Broken down in 1732. Armament: 12-lb, 6-lb and 4-lb guns.

Oxford (prior to purchase of Tankerville). 50 guns. Length 34.75 m. Beam 9.15 m. Draft 4.27 m. Purchased in England
in 1712 on June 1 he came to Revel. In October 1715, as part of the detachment of P.P. Bredal came from Reval to London to escort ships bought in England. Due to the dilapidation of the case, in 1717 it was sold in London.

Armament: 12-lb, 9-lb, 6-lb and 3-lb guns.

Straford (prior to purchase by Winford). 50/46 guns. Length 31.7 m. Beam 8.53 m. Draft 3.66 m. Purchased in England in 1712 in 1717 converted to a hospital ship, and in 1727 - to a firewall. Broken in 1732

Initial armament: 46-9-lb, 6-lb and 3-lb cannons, but in 1714 could only carry 13-8-lb and 20-6-lb cannons.

"Fortune". 50/48 guns. Length along the keel 32 m, along the deck - 38.4 m. Beam 9.45 m. Draft 4.1 m. Purchased in England in 1713 April 30, 1714 came to Revel. On November 9, 1716, it was carried out by a storm from the Revel harbor to the shallows and the next day was broken by waves.

"Armont". 50 guns. Length 34.32 m. Width 9.25 m. Draft 4.2 m. Purchased in England in 1713. April 30, 1714 arrived in Reval. In September 1717 he left Kronstadt with a load of ropes, wax, resin and iron, and on May 7, 1718 arrived in Venice. After unloading the goods, he went back to Russia. May 17, 1719 arrived in Kronstadt. From 1728 to 1733 he stood unarmed in Revel. In July 1733 he moved to Kronstadt. Participated in the fighting near Danzig in 1734 as a firewall. Broken down in 1747

"Arondel". 50/48 guns. Length 34.6 m. Width 9.15 m. Draft 4.18 m. Purchased in England in July 1713. April 30, 1714 arrived in Revel. Broken in Kronstadt in 1747

Armament: 12-lb and 6-lb guns.

"Pearl". 50/48 guns. Length 36.58 m. Width 11.3 m. Draft 4.23 m. Purchased in Holland in 1713. In July 1714 he arrived in Revel. In 1734, during the fighting near Danzig, she was converted into a hospital ship. Broken up after 1734

Armament: 12-lb, 6-lb and 3-lb guns.

"Leferm". 70 guns. Length 47.19 m. Beam 13.4 m. Draft 5.18 m. Bought in England in 1713. June 9, 1714 came to Reval. Timbered in St. Petersburg from 1719 to 1723. Broken down in 1737

"Gabriel". 52 guns. Length 38.71 m. Width 10.7 m. Draft 4.71 m. Laid down in 1712 in Arkhangelsk on Solombalskaya
shipyard, launched in June 1713. Builder P.V. Gerens. October 17, 1713 left Arkhangelsk for the Baltic, wintered in the Kola Bay, in July 1714 came to Revel. Participated in the Northern War of 1700-1721. In 1719 he was turned into a fire-ship. In 1721 it was broken up.

"Archangel Michael". 52 guns. Length 38.71 m. Width 10.7 m. Draft 4.71 m. Laid down in 1712 in Arkhangelsk at the Solombala shipyard, launched in June 1713. Builder P.V. Gerens. In 1714 he was transferred from Arkhangelsk to Revel. Participated in the Northern War of 1700-1721. In 1718 he moved to Kronstadt, never went to sea again. In 1722 it was broken up in Kronstadt.

Armament: 24-12-lb, 20-8-lb, 8-4-lb guns.

"Raphael". 52 guns. Length 38.71 m. Width 10.7 m. Draft 4.71 m. Laid down in 1712 in Arkhangelsk at the Solombala shipyard, launched in July 1713. Builder P.V. Gerens. October 17, 1713 left Arkhangelsk for Revel, wintered in the Kola Bay, in April 1714 arrived in Revel. Participated in the Northern War of 1700-1721. On May 9, 1721, near Cape Dagerort, during a storm, he was severely damaged and on May 20, in tow of the frigate Samson, he arrived in Revel. In 1724, she was flooded in the Revel harbor, her hull reinforced a breach in the wall of the harbor.

Armament: 24-12-lb, 20-8-lb, 8-4-lb guns.

"Saint Catherine" (With 1721 "Vyborg"). 60 guns. Length 36.12 m on the keel, 44.2 m on the deck. Width 12.5 m. Draft 5.28 m. Two-deck. Laid down on June 29, 1711 in the St. Petersburg Admiralty, launched on October 8, 1713. Builder R. Brown. Participated in the Northern War of 1700-1721. In 1727, he was converted to honor for being unusable.

"Shlisselburg". 60 guns. Length 36.12 m on the keel, 44.2 m on the deck. Width 12.5 m. Draft 5.28 m. Laid down on June 29, 1712 in the St. Petersburg Admiralty, launched on September 28, 1714. Builder R. Brown. Participated in the Northern War of 1700-1721. In 1725, it was timbered in St. Petersburg, and sawn for lengthening, and an insert was inserted into the middle. Broken up after 1736

"Narva". 60 guns. Length 36.12 m on the keel, 44.2 m on the deck. Beam 12.5 m. Draft 5.28 m. Laid down on July 20, 1712 in the St. Petersburg Admiralty, launched on October 26, 1714. Builder F.M. Sklyaev. In 1715 exploded from a lightning strike and sank on the Kronstadt roadstead.

"London". 54 guns. Bought in England in 1714. June 19, 1715 came to Reval. October 1, 1719 crashed aground at Tolbukhin lighthouse, this stranded until 1920 was called London.

"Britain" (before the purchase of "Great Allen"). 50/44 guns. Length 32.6 m. Width 9.45 m. Draft 4.4 m. Purchased in England in 1714. June 19, 1715 arrived in Revel. Broken down in 1725. In a different version, in 1728 he was converted to prim.

Portsmouth. 54 guns. Laid down in June 1714 in Amsterdam by order of Russia, launched in November 1714. In September 1719, it crashed on the London Shoals near about. Kotlin.

Devonshire. 52 guns. Length 39 m. Width 11.65 m. Draft 4.42 m. Laid down in June 1714 in Amsterdam, launched in November 1714. Broken up after 1732.

"Malburg". 60 guns. Length 44.4 m. Width 13 m. Draft 4.92 m. Laid down in June 1714 in Amsterdam, launched in November 1714. Broken up in 1747.

"Ingermanland". 64 guns. Length 46.2 m. Width 12.8 m. Draft 5.52 m. Laid down on October 30, 1712 in the St. Petersburg Admiralty, launched on May 1, 1715. Builder R. Kozend.

Participated in the Northern War of 1700-1721. Peter I ordered to keep the ship "for memory". In 1735 he was in Kronstadt in a semi-flooded state. Broken down in 1736.

Armament: 24-30-lb, 24-16-lb, 2-12-lb, 14-14-lb, 2-2-lb on the waist and quarter quarters - 6-lb guns.

"Moscow" . 64 guns. Length 46.2 m. Width 12.8 m. Draft 5.52 m. Laid down on October 30, 1712 in the St. Petersburg Admiralty, launched on June 27, 1715. Builder R. Kosenz. Participated in the Northern War of 1700-1721. Broken up after 1732

Armament: 24-30-lb, 24-16-lb, 14-14-lb, 2-2-lb guns.

"Uriel" . 52 guns. Length 39.63 m. Width 10.7 m. Draft 4.68 m. Laid down in 1713 at the Solombala shipyard in Arkhangelsk, launched in June 1715. Builder P.V. Gerens. On February 2, 1721, he left Reval for Holland, on February 9 he was damaged by ice off the coast of Denmark, February 28 came to Copenhagen and got up for repairs. In November 1721, he arrived in Amsterdam, was found unfit for navigation on inspection, and in June 1722 was sold in Amsterdam. The guns and crew were transferred to purchased ships.

Armament: 18-lb, 8-lb and 4-lb guns.

"Selafail". 52 guns. Length 39.63 m. Width 10.7 m. Draft 4.68 m. Laid down on June 20, 1714 at the Solombala shipyard in Arkhangelsk, launched in June 1715. Builder P.V. Gerens. In August - November 1715 he moved from Arkhangelsk to Copenhagen. Participated in the Northern War of 1700-1721. Broken in 1724

"Varahail". 52 guns. Length 39.63 m. Width 10.7 m. Draft 4.68 m. Laid down on June 20, 1714 at the Solombala shipyard in Arkhangelsk, launched in June 1715. Builder P.V. Gerens. On August 24, 1715, he left Arkhangelsk for the Baltic. In December 1715, due to damage, he entered Christiansand (Norway). In the spring of 1716 he came to Copenhagen. Participated in the Northern War of 1700-1721 it., incl. in the battle of Ezel on May 24, 1719. Broken in 1724 in Kronstadt.

Armament: 18-lb, 8-lb and 4-lb guns.

"Yagudiel". 52 guns. Length 39.63 m. Width 10.7 m. Draft 4.68 m. Laid down in 1713 at the Solombala shipyard in Arkhangelsk, launched in June 1715. Builder P.V. Gerens. On February 2, 1721, he left Reval for Holland, on February 9 he was damaged by ice off the coast of Denmark, on February 28 he arrived in Copenhagen and got up for repairs. In November 1721, he arrived in Amsterdam, was found unfit for navigation on inspection, and in June 1722 was sold in Amsterdam.

Armament: 18-lb, 8-lb and 4-lb guns.

"Saint Alexander". 70 guns. Length 47.24 m. Width 13.1 m. Draft 5.33 m. Laid down on November 8, 1714 in the St. Petersburg Admiralty, launched on October 13, 1717. Builder R. Brown. Participated in the Northern War of 1700-1721. In 1729-1732 it was timbered in St. Petersburg on a slipway. Participated in the war with Sweden 1741 - 1743. Broken up after 1746

Scientists have found a core, an anchor rope and a fragment of a keel lining about 6.5 m long, which belonged to the Russian ship Portsmouth. The former flagship of the fleet sank in 1719.

Archaeologists have discovered a core and an anchor rope on the Russian ship Portsmouth, which at the beginning of the 18th century was considered one of the fastest ships in the Baltic Fleet and sank during a storm in the Gulf of Finland almost 300 years ago. This is reported by RIA Novosti with reference to the head of the expedition "Memory of the Baltic" Konstantin Shopotov.

“A day ago, we opened a new field season and carried out work at the site of the discovery of Portsmouth. Here we found a cannonball and a fragment of a hemp anchor rope. In addition, a fragment of a keel lining about 6.5 meters long was found ashore from the find," Shopotov said.

According to him, the archaeologists of the "Memory of the Baltic" in the summer intend to continue the study of the sunken ship. In addition, the expedition plans to additionally study the 44-gun Swedish frigate Zemira, which died in the Vyborg naval battle on June 22, 1790. Also, scientists hope to carry out work near the Volkhov, where, according to preliminary data, a medieval boat lies at the bottom of the river.

Shopotov recalled that a year ago, the expedition members carried out work on the London Shoal in the Gulf of Finland near Kronstadt, where two Russian battleships, the London and Portsmouth, were lost during a storm in 1719. Then experts discovered one of the lost ships - Portsmouth, the remains of the second ship have not yet been found.

In total, over the years of more than 20 years of work, the Memory of the Baltic expedition found and explored more than 20 ships.

Portsmouth and London

Ezel battle It happened on June 4, 1719, on final stage Northern War, between the squadrons of warships of Russia and Sweden.

The Portsmouth was built in Amsterdam according to a Russian design in 1714 and was considered one of the fastest ships in the Baltic Fleet. In 1719, he was the flagship of the Russian detachment, which on June 4 in the Battle of Ezel captured the battleship Wachtmeister, the frigate Karlskron Vapen and the brigantine Berngardus.

The London ship was purchased from England in 1714 and arrived in Russia on June 19, 1715. In 1719 he participated in a campaign to the coast of Sweden.

Both ships - "Portsmouth" and "London" on October 12, 1719, when returning to Kronstadt, ran aground, where a storm broke them two days later.

North War

The Northern War was fought by Russia and its allies against Sweden in 1700-1721. As a result of this war, Peter I planned to gain a foothold in the Baltic Sea, so the battles at sea had a significant impact on its course.

The turning point in the war happened after the Battle of Poltava in 1709, but despite this, it continued. Significant battles took place at sea. In 1714, the Russian fleet won its first victory at Cape Gangut (Khanko). In 1719, the Swedish fleet was defeated at Ezel, and in 1720 at Grengam. An attempt by an English squadron to intervene in the course of hostilities on the side of the Swedes ended in failure. In 1721, a Russian detachment landed in the Stockholm area, which forced the British to leave the Baltic. Left without allies, Sweden concluded the Treaty of Nystadt with Russia, ceding Estonia, Livonia, Ingermanland and Western Karelia to it, but retaining Finland.

As a result of the Northern War, Russia gained access to the Baltic Sea, and the dominance of the Swedes in the Baltic was ended.