Options for assembling a homemade pump at home. The simplest, powerful, reliable do-it-yourself gas pump Making a pump sleeve

Since ancient times, people have needed to pump water. And they invented pumps. The principle of operation was simple - the mechanism scooped up water at one end and poured it into the other. Times have changed, mechanisms have improved, but this principle of water pumps has remained.

In the modern world they use now electric pumps, and the part, similar in function to the ancient device, is now called the impeller.

1 Main functions

The water pump impeller, or impeller, is the main part of the water pump. It uses the energy received from the engine, affects the water and moves it. As the impeller rotates, the centrifugal force also acts on the water and overflows it. Because of this device, the movement of water with an impeller is called centrifugal. Most of these devices today are electric.

2 What are they made from?

The material of the impeller directly affects the operation of the pump. Differences in weight and strength determine the purpose of the electric pump. More weight expends more engine power, but the device can work with liquids of higher density. Less weight is more economical, however, and power drops from this. The price of the pump also depends on the type of material. Also, metal elements can be corroded.

Currently using the following materials to make this part:

steel. Durable material, almost not subject to corrosion. The steel part weighs around 150 grams. The choice of this material is a compromise between performance and power consumption;
aluminum. Expensive material, but light and durable. Not affected by corrosion. Since it is lightweight, the performance is low. But it is stronger and more durable than plastic;
plastic. The cheapest, but also the lightest material. Devices with such a detail will be the most productive, but not capable of pouring something heavier than water. The material is not as durable as all the others, and the impeller will often have to be changed;
cast iron. The heaviest material. Used in models designed for liquids of high density. It is easy to manufacture, but the service life is not too long due to the occurrence of corrosion.

You need to choose the material based on the purpose for which the device is bought. If for a simple distillation of water - take plastic, if for vegetable oil or any other liquid of high density, then cast iron or steel. Aluminum is not profitable because of its price.

2.1 Species

They are divided into types according to their structure. There are 3 types:

open. They are a single wheel on which the blades are carved. Since the wheel is open, sand, clay and other dirt do not clog it. Pumps with such impellers are used for pumping dirty water. Of the minuses, one can note a large loss of energy from the engine and low pressure;
closed. They are 2 disks between which there are blades. Due to the complexity of the design, the electric pump will often become clogged, however, if clean water is pumped, it will be the most productive device among all centrifugal pumps;
semi-closed. Combine the properties of both closed and open type. The similarity with the latter is that the design has one impeller, and from closed type borrowed the length of the blades. In pumps with a semi-closed impeller, the role of the second impeller, as in the closed type, is played by the pump wall. This type of impeller provides good performance and the ability to pump slightly polluted water. So to speak, the golden mean between open and closed type.

2.2 Mounting types

Energy from the engine to the impeller is transmitted through a special shaft, which is attached to the center of the impeller. For a good job pumping station the place of attachment must be reliable and durable. It shouldn't rotate. There are 4 different types of attachment:

cone;
cylinder;
cruciform;
hexagon.

The cone is designed for easy wheel replacement. It is used together with a plastic impeller. Since the mount makes it easy to replace the impeller, it is not very secure. And if the pumping station works with a liquid of high density, it will lose a large number of efficiency. But for water pumps, this is the ideal mounting choice.

The main advantage of the cylinder is the exact position of the impeller on the shaft. In order to prevent the impeller from turning, the mount is supplemented with special protrusions. Cylinder mount is used in submersible pumps.

The cruciform mount is the most rigid of all. The presence of four protrusions firmly fixes the impeller on the shaft. A pump with such a mount is used for pumping liquids with a high density.

The hexagon is also a rigid mount, but not the same as the cruciform. Its advantage is a fairly light impeller nozzle and at the same time the absence of rotation. Together with the open wheel will ideal solution in the dirty water pump.

2.3 Why change?

The impeller is the main element that constantly receives damage from the action of water. However, it is the main working part of the pump. For ease of use, it is possible to replace the impeller. There are many companies on the market that make spare parts for pumping stations for various purposes.

If you need a water transfer pump, consider Kama. It manufactures closed type impellers for cylindrical mounting. They are made of light alloy steel and have an ideal ratio of performance and power. These impellers are intended for submersible circulation pumps.

3 Replacement instructions

In order to change the impeller, you must first remove it. To do this, unscrew the front of the engine. There you will see an impeller. The wheel can hold special bolts so that it does not fly off. If there are any, unscrew them. The impeller can then be removed.

It happens that the spare part does not lend itself to simple influence, it sits too tightly and cannot be removed. The question arises, how to remove the wheel from the pump? To do this, you need to heat it (if it is not plastic). Perfect fit blowtorch. After heating, remove the impeller with a screwdriver without touching it with your hands.

After you can put a new impeller. Make sure that it fits the type of fastening and diameter. When installing, take care not to damage the blades. This will adversely affect the subsequent operation of the pump.

Situations when you need to change the impeller occur quite rarely - once every few years. But if she broke, her self-replacement saves you money on repairs at the master.

Impeller, or impeller water pump- the main part of today's electric pumps. For different purposes of the device, there are various impellers. Properly selected material and type of impeller is the key to productivity and successful operation. In case of breakage, the impeller can be easily replaced by yourself. This will save time and money for repairs from the master.

3.1 Repair station Octopus (video)

Water on suburban area required not only by owners to comply with sanitary and hygienic standards. It is necessary for watering plants, caring for the territory and pets, refreshing and bathing in hot weather. summertime. Agree that it is difficult to lift the entire required volume from the source manually with buckets.

However, there is a way to alleviate the plight of summer residents - this is a homemade water pump. Even if there are no funds to buy pumping equipment, you can become a happy owner of a useful technical device. To build it, sometimes literally one power of thought is enough.

We have collected and systematized for you valuable information about the manufacture of almost free homemade products. The models presented for consideration were tested in practice and deservedly received the recognition of the owners. A thorough description of the manufacturing technology is supplemented with diagrams, photo and video materials.

This pump is likely to be the simplest and cheapest, because the raw materials are literally junk, i.e. don't cost anything at all.

To implement the idea of \u200b\u200bits assembly, the following materials are needed:

plastic bottle with cork;
plastic bottle without cork;
a piece of plastic pipe of a suitable diameter;
outlet hose.

First, you need to make a petal valve.

We take out the gasket from the cap of the plastic bottle. We cut in a circle so that the gasket in diameter becomes smaller than the neck of the bottle. At the same time, you need to leave intact a narrow sector, about 15-20 degrees.

The sector must be left such a width at which it can easily swing, but not come off

We drill a hole in the center of the cap from a plastic bottle, about 8 mm. We insert the gasket and screw the cut neck.

The purpose of screwing the neck is to clamp the membrane and get a reed valve

We insert a plastic pipe into the finished valve. Cut off the top from the second plastic bottle. You should get something similar to the intake funnel. We fix it on top of the plastic pipe.

We put a drain hose on the other end of the plastic pipe. The simplest homemade pump for pumping water is ready.

The tapered part will help the liquid open the petal. In addition, the valve will not hit the bottom

With a sharp movement of the hand up and down, we force the liquid to rise along plastic pipe to the pour. Further, the liquid will flow by gravity.

There are other options:

Image gallery

In life, there are times when, without spending a large amount of material resources, you need to solve a certain problem.

If you have the ingenuity and skillful hands, then you can create with your own hands a lot of original and useful structures. So you can make at home and a water pump.

The design of the future pump

Photos of the pump, which are presented on the Internet, are mainly purchased products, but you can also create such a useful attribute at home, you just need to try a little.

The question of how to make a pump with your own hands is asked by many summer residents and just people who have their own garden or garden.

Overflow pump

The first version of the pump that you can create with your own hands is a liquid overflow pump. It is the simplest and most familiar design, and it does not take a lot of money and effort to make it.

But the materials needed for its implementation are:

Plain plastic bottle with cork;
The same bottle, but without cork;
A piece of plastic pipe of the required dimensions;
AND key moment- the drain hose itself.

The first step is to make a reed valve for a hand pump. To do this, remove the gasket from under the cap of the plastic bottle.

In the center of the bottle cap we close up a hole of 8 mm. After inserting the gasket there, we screw the neck of the bottle. This design is a ready-made valve into which a plastic pipe must be inserted.

And in the meantime, cut off the top of the second bottle. It turns out an element that looks like a regular funnel. This funnel should be fixed over the pipe. Connect the other end of the pipe to the drain hose. Thus, the simplest do-it-yourself water pump contraction is ready.

Vacuum pump

But pumps are also different. So, you can create houses and Vacuum pump. Such pumps already have a wide functionality, and are designed to solve deeper household and industrial problems.

Most often they are used for pumping gas or steam from an enclosed space.

It is more difficult to make such a pump at home than the most common one. Therefore, it is recommended to find clear instructions on the Internet, and act strictly according to the points prescribed in the instructions.

Submersible pump

The next type is a submersible pump. This is also one of economical options pump house manufacturing.

The materials that will be required in the work are: a washer motor from a car, an inexpensive auto sealant, a silicone tube, a two-wire wire, a soldering iron and, of course, free time to work.

In total, all these materials will cost you 200 rubles, no more, but buying a new pump is not such a cheap pleasure.

Pump repair

In addition to the fact that the pump can be made at home, the repair of the pump can also be done independently. And then many turn to special repair services, and spend a lot of money on all this.

Note!

The main thing is to know where the pump failed and find out the course of action.

Submersible pumps are the most susceptible to failure because they function well in various conditions. Faced with a minor breakdown, you can fix everything yourself, without the intervention of expensive specialists.

The first thing to know is the location of the fault. By the way, pump repair involves not only the replacement of broken elements, but also their additional adjustment so that they can continue to function properly.

For example, after replacing a valve in a pump, all valves should be adjusted so that the failure does not affect the pump's power.

There are elements that are sold only in stores that exclude a quick breakdown of the pump, thanks to them the pump will last for a long time and with high quality.

Note!

If you do not know anything and do not understand the repair of pumps, then it is better not to approach this matter on your own.

It will be good to invite a friend or acquaintance who understands this. After all, intervening in this matter, you can be left without a pump or cause unnecessary damage and defects to it.

DIY pump photo

Any water injection device consists of several parts: Electrical engine, centrifugal shaft, electronic equipment. Almost the main element, without which no pumping station will work, is the impeller.

The water pump impeller is a wheel (propeller, spinner, blade) with side blades various shapes, which, when a rotation impulse is transmitted from the engine, directly contacts water and makes it move in a given direction.

The practical purpose of a rotating propeller is one - to force the water to move in the right direction, while building up pressure. The device consists of several elements, depending on the type:

Pinwheel.
center axle.
Bearing.
Retaining ring on the head of the disk.
Spring to compensate for water hammer.

Important: a rubber gasket may sometimes be included in the package.

Types

open. A propeller that can be seen by turning the unit over. It looks like a disk with blades pointing down. In the center there is a hole for a shaft or bearing. The open supercharger has four, six, no more feathers. A device with such a wheel is used in a polluted environment. It has a very low efficiency, because there is no compression inside the unit. But there is one big plus - the blades can be easily cleaned of debris.
semi-closed. Widely used in devices for pumping relatively clean liquids. The wheel is located in protective cover with a small hole on the side, in which you can see part of the blades. The disc has a minimum clearance between the motor and the platform. The pressure that such a device creates is slightly greater than that of an open one.
Closed. The most common type in centrifugal pumps. Two dense disks, between which wide blades are located. Water enters the body through a special hole. The feathers rotate with a minimum gap between the discs, this allows you to pump high pressure at the exit. But the closed view has a minus - debris and dirt very quickly clog the cavity of the blades, which leads to breakage. However, if such a pump is used in clean water, drinking well, it will last quite a long time, and the work will be effective.

Types of planting a disk on an axle

The impeller is attached to the station in various ways.

Conical.
Hexagonal.
Cylindrical.
cruciform.

cone mount the impeller is used if the wheel and blades are plastic. The replacement process is simple, which is why the cone is used for plastic. Blades often break and need to be replaced. The cone wheel sits very tightly on the shaft, and it cannot be rotated without the engine running. This type of attachment is used in pumps with open blades. In addition, a thread is drilled in the hub shaft. Putting on the pin, the supercharger is pulled with a bolt. A very inefficient way. IN this moment rarely anyone uses this type of fastener.
Hex fit impeller - a more reliable way to install the wheel on the shaft. In the center of the disk, holes are cut in a circle in the shape of a hexagon. There are eight sides, and four. The rotational element of the engine itself is also made in the form of a hexagon. The fit is very tight without an o-ring.
Cylindrical mount. So that the wheel does not rotate separately from the shaft, locking rings and protrusions are highlighted on it. The lock nut is screwed on top. The disadvantage of the cylinder is the need for precise fitting of the shaft and the hole in the impeller, as well as a rather complicated removal process.
Cross mount the most durable. Used for pumping heavy liquids. It looks like a cross with four or six rays. It is used in pumps with vertical and horizontal impeller. Fastening is duplicated with a nut or bolt.

Important: all methods of fastening the impeller to the shaft do not provide 100% reliability. The connection is duplicated with a clamping nut or a retaining ring, which is inserted into a special groove in the shaft and screwed onto the thread in the same place.

What are they made of

The material from which the impeller is made affects not only the environment where the pump can operate, the density of the water, but also the economic component. A more durable unit will consume more energy, but the performance will match. Conversely, soft blades will help save on electricity, but with intensive use, the wheel will have to be changed soon. Materials for the manufacture of impellers for water pumps:

Aluminum. A very common material submersible pumps with open blades. Lightweight and corrosion resistant, can be under water for a long time and work without getting hot. A small amount of energy is consumed for rotation, so electricity and pump life are not wasted. Of the minuses: - aluminum is a fragile material, if debris or stone gets in, the blades will collapse, replacement will be required.
Steel more reliable than aluminum and plastic. The steel pump impeller is cast or cut into lathe. The petals must be absolutely symmetrical and identical. In the center there is a hole for fastening to the hub. Of course, the engine will need more effort to rotate the wheel, and therefore electricity will be spent too. There is another small disadvantage of the steel impeller - a high susceptibility to corrosion when interacting with water.
Cast iron. It is known that cast iron is less susceptible to oxidation and corrosion when working with water, so this material is used in pressure boosting stations and groups that are forced to work continuously in an aggressive environment. He also has a minus, this is his weight. A cast iron impeller is much heavier than a steel impeller and is more difficult to rotate. Such a wheel is cast on the right size, but cast iron does not always remain in a given shape - this is another difficulty. Sometimes the shaft has to be adjusted to fit the hole in the disc.
Plastic, fragile and unreliable. Suitable for submersible and centrifugal devices low power. When the slightest debris gets in, the blades break, and the disk becomes completely unusable. The advantages include the low cost of the impeller, as well as fast.

Reasons for replacing the supercharger

The engine of the pumping station is located out of reach of the water, which cannot be said about the propeller. Fluid guiding wings are constantly in an aggressive environment. Water and small particles in it hit the blades, affecting the material of manufacture. Accordingly, the impeller is destroyed. Symptoms of a malfunction:

Characteristic bearing knock or grinding in the supercharger housing. The wheel on the rotary shaft is centered, when one of the blades is destroyed, the bearing itself breaks. It starts to knock and vibrate - this is one of the reasons for the replacement.
Loss of pressure at the pump outlet. Provided that air did not enter the case, the pressure in the ejection of water decreased or disappeared altogether, which means that the device is broken. Before repairing the impeller, you need to check the pump motor to see if it rotates the shaft.
The motor hums, but the shaft does not turn. It happens very rarely. The reason is the sticking of the propeller. Debris got into the blades, or they rusted and jammed the hub.
With constant use, there is a natural wear and tear of spare parts and mechanisms. There's nothing you can do about it, you'll have to change.
Depressurization of pumping equipment, namely impellers. Due to incorrect installation or incorrect operation, a loss of internal pressure in the pump or impeller housing can occur. This will lead to serious damage and the need to replace the working disk.

Repair

First, carefully inspect the device itself and its units. There is a very small gap between the disc and the pump housing, and the cause of the failure may be the clogging of this gap. Especially if the station stood idle for a long time.

The reason for replacing the supercharger is the partial or complete destruction of its blades. The impellers installed in the pump have their own series and number, which corresponds to a certain type of unit. If an impeller with blades made of steel or cast iron was previously installed on the engine, it must not be replaced with a plastic spare part.

How to withdraw

The disk assembly or separately can be found in any store selling pumping equipment and tools. When choosing a wheel, we independently measure all the parameters of the old one, as well as seat on the shaft and its diameter.

We remove the broken part.
We unscrew the bolts securing the upper part of the chamber of the rotary wheel (four or six bolts), remove the cover to the side. The wheel and the place of its attachment will become visible.
The nut or bolt in the center of the circle secures the impeller to the pump shaft. It's not easy to open it. The hub is constantly rotating, there is no retaining ring and therefore the disc is spinning with it. You can clamp the shaft only by unscrewing back cover pump. The element is then made available.
First, the impeller is clamped and, if it does not scroll, the nut will unscrew, if not, remove the back of the head.
Having unscrewed the clamping nut or bolt, the impeller is still difficult to remove. The shaft must be held with a gas wrench or clamp, while loosening the disk from side to side, gradually pulling it towards you.
Pulling the wheel out reveals the inner seal and bearings. They must be checked. The rubber seal protects the motor from moisture. Every time you replace the supercharger, it is also advisable to change the oil seal.

The broken part was removed and the shaft remained in front of us. Inspect it, it may be dirty or rusty. All impurities must be carefully removed and the hub cleaned. Rust can not be grinded off with a grinder or file. Enough to pass sandpaper 0 or +1. Then degrease and grease with grease. Bearings, if they are open, are lubricated with graphite packing. Before the reverse turn on to see the collapse of the bearings and the integrity of the rubber gasket. Otherwise, these details will have to be changed.

The impeller chamber cover inside is also very dirty or rusty. This is due to heavy impurities in the water, clay and lime. It must be cleaned, soaked for some time in solvent or gasoline.

Do-it-yourself assembly and installation of a new impeller occurs in the reverse order.

Lubricate the shaft with grease or WD 40.
A disk with blades is carefully put on it. If it doesn’t climb, you can’t knock on it, it’s better to gently tap the shaft with a hammer reverse side. You can rotate the wheel a little clockwise, as if we are winding the thread.
We clean the clamping bolt or nut from rust and twist it into place.
Now collect the front and back covers.
After assembly, the new propeller should not knock and create excessive vibration in the pump.

Exploitation

Once a year, inspect the blower and the main pump assemblies.
Do not use the equipment at maximum power all the time.
Let's give him a rest.

Useful video

A couple of withdrawal methods:

Reading 6 min.

All industries, Agriculture, as well as owners of private houses use pumps as auxiliary equipment for pumping liquids. There are about 3 thousand types of units for pumping liquids. When choosing a device, the purpose of the equipment and the conditions of its operation should be taken into account.

To correctly and with more efficient to use pumps, you need to know what parts it consists of, how it works and the rules of operation. Basic structural element pumping equipment - impeller, or impeller.

Device and purpose of the impeller

The impeller is the main working body of a pump or pumping station. The impeller serves to convert the rotational energy of the engine into the energy of fluid movement.

The liquid in the impeller, due to the movement of the impeller, also rotates under the action of centrifugal force, the generator of which is the impeller. Due to this force, the liquid moves from the central part of the impeller to the periphery. There, the liquid under pressure is pushed into the pressure pipe of the pumping equipment.

The cyclic nature of the process ensures stable and uninterrupted operation of the circulation pump.

Impeller types

impellers exist various types: diagonal, axial, radial. According to their design, they are divided into open, semi-closed and closed.

Open is a disk and blades that are on its surface. There are often four or six blades. This type of impeller is used for pumping contaminated liquids, with oily or solid inclusions, at low pressure. With this design of the wheel, it is convenient to clean its channels. Distinctive feature of this type is a low coefficient useful action, which averages 40%. However, he has high level wear resistance and easy to clean from various contaminants.
A semi-closed impeller does not have a second disk, which distinguishes it from a closed one, and the blades, with a small gap, adjoin the pump casing. This type is designed for pumping low acid liquids, as well as heavily polluted ones.
In a closed impeller, the blades are located between two discs. This is the most popular type, which is often used in centrifugal pumps. With this type of pump impeller, a powerful pressure is created, fluid leakage is minimal, and an increased efficiency.

Methods for manufacturing closed wheels distinguish them from each other:

casting;
stamping;
spot welding;
riveting.

The higher number of blades provides better efficiency operation of water pumps.

Wheel landing methods

The seats of the impellers on the motor shaft can be different. So, for example, in single-wheel water pumps they are conical or cylindrical. Multistage vertical or horizontal pumps and well pumps have a cruciform, hex, or hex star seat.

With a conical fit, the impeller is easy to fit and remove. Its disadvantage is that the impeller of the water pump is less accurately located relative to the housing in the longitudinal direction than with the cylindrical method. Landing on the shaft is hard, you can not move the wheel.
The exact position of the impeller on the shaft is ensured by a cylindrical fit. Fix the wheel with dowels. This type of fit is used in vortex and submerged vortex pumps. The disadvantage is that it is necessary to accurately machine the pump shaft and the hole in the impeller hub.
Hexagonal and cruciform fits are used in well pumps. This method provides easy landing and removal of the wheel. The fixation is hard.
Landing in the form of a six-sided star is used in horizontal and vertical multistage high-pressure pumps, the impellers of which are made of of stainless steel. This design the most difficult and demanding high class shaft and impeller machining.

Operation, repair and maintenance

The impeller, or impeller, determines the main parameters and technical specification pump or pump. The service life of the pump itself directly depends on the service life of the impeller. To prolong the performance of the wheel, you should first of all pay attention to the quality of installation and the operating conditions of the unit.

Mounting quality

At first glance, nothing complicated, connect a hose or pipe to the suction and pressure pipes, fill the equipment with water, connect the electric pump to the network. The pump is running and delivering water. However, in reality, everything is more complicated. Often make such mistakes during installation:

At the pump inlet larger diameter than the connected pipe. There is an increase in resistance in the suction line and the suction depth of the apparatus decreases, which reduces its performance. With a suction depth of more than 5 meters, the line diameter must be increased by one size. If a hose is connected instead of a pipe, then it must be of a suitable diameter and corrugated. A simple hose must not be connected.
No suction line check valve with mesh.
The pipe sags in a horizontal section.
The suction has many twists and turns.
Insufficient tightness in the pipeline.

Equipment operation

The operating conditions include the operation of the equipment in cavitation mode and "dry running".

cavitation. In this mode, there is a lack of water at the inlet. At the same time, in the transition section low pressure at a higher temperature, “cold boiling of water” occurs on the surface of the impeller. Pressure surges can damage or destroy the hydraulic unit. With cavitation, the noise during operation of the pump increases and you can notice the gradual erosion of the impeller.
The "dry running" mode of operation occurs without fluid flow. It occurs when there is no water at the inlet to the equipment, as well as when the valve or tap is closed. In this mode, the liquid in the working chamber of the apparatus quickly heats up and boils. In this case, the diffusers, impellers, Venturi tubes are deformed, and then they are completely destroyed. To prevent these situations, install.

To increase the life of the pump or pump, it is necessary to carry out periodic inspection of the equipment.

Repair: removal of the impeller

With pumps, the question most often arises of how to remove the impeller.

It is necessary to de-energize the motor.
Unscrew the bolts securing the pump to the frame.
Separate the flanges of the pipelines (incoming and outgoing) by unscrewing the coupling bolts with nuts.
Disconnect the intermediate coupling between the pump and motor shafts by moving the pump away from the motor.
Disassemble the pump housing by unscrewing the bolts around the circumference of the “snail”.
After removing the half-coupling key from the shaft, knock out the assembly assembly (shaft - impeller) through the copper adapter with light blows of the hammer.
Clamping the shaft in a metal vise, put on and secure a removable device on the impeller.
Turn the screw shaft of the puller clockwise until the impeller comes off the shaft.

Some types of pumps

When dividing pumps from the purpose of use, groups are distinguished:

Submersible:

borehole type;
drainage devices (separately for clean and dirty water);
wells.

Surface:

pumping stations;
fountain;
sewer equipment.

By type of power supply are divided into:

Electrical.
Liquid fuel.

Also in everyday life they use winged hand pump for the well.

According to the method of pumping water:

Vortex.
Centrifugal.

Self-priming pumps are used for watering the garden and garden, for lifting water from a well or well. They are divided into:

non-ejector;

The advantage of a pumping station is that it works during power outages. Operation is affordable and simple, wear-resistant motor.

The most common brand of water pump in the post-Soviet space is Kama. This brand has different kinds and models. This device, as well as the impeller for the Kama pump itself, can be purchased in online stores.