Fire hoses are a flexible pipeline made of tarpaulin (synthetic fabric) and impregnated with a special compound. Fire hoses are used to supply water (foaming solutions) under pressure. The working pressure for which fire hoses are designed is at least 1 kgf / cm² (0.1 MPa).
To increase strength, water resistance and protect fire hoses from aggressive environments (acids, alkalis, oil products, extreme temperatures), a rubber (polymer) coating is applied to the inner surface of the flexible pipeline. Outside, for reinforcement, metal reinforcement is used.
Fire hoses have connecting heads that provide a quick and reliable connection. They are needed to connect hoses to hydrants, fire hoses, motor pumps, foam generators, hydraulic elevators, etc.
Also, with the help of connecting heads, the hoses can be connected in one line - this is used if the distance to which water must be supplied exceeds the length of one fire hose.
Reliability of connection of a head, is provided with presence of two captures located diametrically and a rubber sealant. During the attachment of two heads, both gaskets, under water pressure, expand and form hermetic connection. This design eliminates the possibility of spontaneous undocking of the connecting heads.
According to the purpose and method of application, fire hoses are divided into pressure, suction and pressure-suction.
Pressure fire hoses
Designed to move water or fire extinguishing agents under pressure to the source of the fire. They are connected to fire hydrants or motor pumps, as well as to tank trucks or other mobile fire fighting equipment.
Types of pressure fire hoses
There are roaring sleeves with a reinforcing frame made of natural materials and synthetic ones. As natural material cotton, linen and flax-jute fibers are used.
Synthetic materials include rubberized and latex sleeves (with an inner layer of waterproofing), polymer sleeves with double-sided coating and pressure up to 3 kgf/cm2 (3.0 MPa).
Depending on the climatic zones, fire pressure hoses of two types are used. When the temperature range of the ambient air is from -40 C to +45 C, sleeves are used in the "U" version, and if the temperature ranges from -50 C to +45 C - the "UHL" version.
The pressure fire hose has a length of 20 m, with a diameter value of 51, 66, 77, 89, 150 mm.
Design features
When using fire hoses made of linen or cotton, outside surface The cover is moistened due to water infiltration, which increases heat resistance in fire conditions. But on the other hand, this leads to large losses of water and causes difficulties during operation in conditions of negative temperatures.
In a rubberized pressure fire hose, a rubber chamber attached by vulcanization is used as the inner layer of waterproofing.
In the latex sleeve, in addition to the internal latex waterproofing, the reinforcing frame is impregnated with the same material. The latex film protects the outer layer.
Pressure fire hoses of a two-layer design, have an internal waterproofing and an external protective polymer coating. This design minimizes water loss and also protects the reinforcing fabric from damage and solar radiation.
Suction sleeves
They are used to take water from open reservoirs and supply it to the pumps of a motor pump or tank truck. The suction of water occurs due to the creation of a vacuum inside the sleeve.
Suction hose types
Depending on the working environment, fire trucks are equipped with suction hoses of classes "B" (water) and "KShch" (weak acid-base solutions).
Depending on the operating conditions, suction hoses are divided into two groups:
For water intake (by creating a vacuum) from open water sources;
For operation both under partial vacuum and under pressure.
Sleeves soaking up have length of 4 meters. This is determined by the size of the canisters on fire trucks. During the movement of the machine, the sleeves are partially dried by blowing air.
The inner diameter of the sleeves is from 25 to 300 mm; cuff length - from 75 to 200 mm.
Design features
Inside the sleeve there is a rubber chamber, on top of which two textile layers are applied, then a wire spiral and an intermediate layer of rubber are installed, and finally an outer textile layer. Rubber layers provide elasticity, water and air tightness. Thanks to the wire spiral, the strength of the sleeve increases.
The spiral does not reach the end of the sleeves, so soft cuffs remain. They are needed in order to impose sleeves on the connecting heads and secure with galvanized wire or clamps. On the surface of the cuff there is a marking consisting of the technical parameters of the sleeve.
Suction-delivery hoses
They combine the functions of water suction by creating a vacuum and supplying water (or solutions) from a source under pressure.
By their design, suction-delivery hoses practically do not differ from suction hoses and are a variation of them. They are transported in the same special cases on fire trucks.
The diameter of the sleeves is from 25 to 300 mm; cuff length - from 75 to 200 mm; the degree of rarefaction reaches 0.085 MPa; pressure - from 0.35 to 1.10 MPa.
Operation of fire hoses
To increase the operating time of fire hoses, a number of simple rules must be observed. After using the sleeves winter time, they must be entered in warm room for thawing. To speed up the process, the sleeves can be placed in a bath of water and covered with lids.
After thawing, the firefighters wash the hoses from contamination and dry them, then they conduct an external inspection for damage. Depending on the results of the inspection, the sleeves are sent for testing or repair. Repairs can be made by vulcanization or with a special adhesive.
Subject to the rules of operation, fire hoses will remain a reliable means for extinguishing fires.
Production marking of fire hoses
Marking of suction and pressure-suction fire hoses contains:
1. Name of the product manufacturer or his trademark.
2. Fire hose class:
Class B - designed to work with substances such as gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, oils with a petroleum base;
Class B - used to work with contaminated (technical) water;
Class G - necessary for working with various gases;
KSh class - will be required to work with weak solutions of various inorganic acids and alkalis;
Class P - for working with food substances (beer, milk, wine, drinking water, etc.)
3. Band:
Fire suction hoses;
Pressure-suction fire hoses.
4. Diameter, mm.
5. Pressure (working), MPa.
6. Length, m.
7. Date of manufacture of the product: month (quarter) and year.
8. Designation of the standard (indication of GOST).
9. Stamp mark of technical control.
Marking of pressure fire hoses contains:
1. The name of the manufacturer of the product or its trademark;
2. Type of pressure fire hose;
Depending on the purpose of the configuration:
. (RPM) - for equipping fire engines;
. (RPK) - for equipping fire hydrants: (RPK-N) - external and (RPK-V) - internal. Depending on the materials of construction of the product:
. (D) - fire hose with a double-sided polymer coating;
. (P) - a fire hose with internal waterproofing and impregnation of the frame;
. (B) - fire hose with internal waterproofing.
3. Diameter, mm;
4. Pressure (working), MPa;
5. Sleeve length, m (only for RPK type sleeves);
6. Special version (if available);
By resistance to various external influences, fire hoses of general and special execution are distinguished. Sleeves of special execution, in turn, are divided into:
. (I) - wear-resistant fire hoses;
. (M) - oil-resistant fire hoses with increased resistance to various oils and petroleum products;
. (T) - heat-resistant fire hoses with increased refractory resistance when in contact with hot surfaces.
Percolated fire hoses are provided with heat resistance due to the moistening of the entire length of their outer shell with fire extinguishing agents (water, foam concentrates, etc.) transported under pressure. The purpose of percolated pressure fire hoses is to extinguish fires when it is necessary to lay fire hoses on surfaces heated to significant temperatures (smoldering coals, peat bogs, etc.)
7. Climatic performance, for operation in areas:
8. Date of manufacture of the product (month, year).
The marking must be applied in a way that will ensure the safety and readability of the inscriptions during the full period of operation.
The living conditions of people today require compliance with certain rules and norms of fire safety. Each requirement is conditioned by the size of the probable damage from possible fires. Accelerated elimination of the fire source is of great importance. It will not be possible to eliminate the fire quickly and effectively without the timely supply of a sufficient volume of fire extinguishing agents through the fire hose to the right place.
Fire hoses are the tools that any fire brigade needs to carry out their duties. This is due to the fact that in order to extinguish fires for the most part water is used, as well as other solutions based on it. To work on numerous objects, a huge variety of fire hoses are used, differing in length, diameter, and materials from which they are made.
Functional characteristics
All fire hoses are pipelines made of elastic materials, equipped with special connecting heads. Thanks to such devices, fire extinguishing agents are supplied to sources of ignition.
Classification of fire hoses is a variety of types that are used depending on the type of fire. Such devices should be among the tools intended for the maintenance and use of residential facilities.
There are the following types of fire hoses: special hoses operating at very low temperatures, as well as devices with an increased level of resistance to various reagents and chemical compositions.
suction arms
Suction fire hoses are specially designed to supply fire extinguishing agents to the nozzles of pumping devices from direct sources. Ordinary devices function from natural as well as open sources of water.
Suction-delivery hoses are universal tools because they can be used under vacuum both from pipelines with liquid supply under high pressure as well as from natural sources. There are sleeves with a diameter of 75 to 200 mm and a length of 2 to 4 m.
Pressure hoses
Pressure fire hoses are used to work in extreme conditions when supplying fire extinguishing solutions and water over relatively long distances. Pressure fire hoses withstand temperatures from -40 to +40 °C.
Some devices can supply water in the most severe climatic conditions. This type of sleeves differs from the rest in high wear resistance, and the presence of internal and additional external layers of waterproofing makes it possible to use them in a wide variety of situations.
To increase the service life, it must be periodically performed. This usually requires special tools. Rewinding is carried out on edge or on a new fold. Before each rewind, the tightness of the sleeves must be checked.
It is necessary to dry them indoors, or in any other place where direct sunlight does not fall. Correct use and storage of all devices allows you to keep them for a long time technical properties and thereby guarantee fire safety on various objects.
Rewind safety requirements
Only employees who have undergone appropriate training may be allowed to rewind. Each employee participating in the imposition must be suitably equipped. Before winding, make sure that all working parts are in good condition.
On the coil of each machine for rewinding fire hoses, the wire must be wound tightly enough so that it does not abruptly break off when unwinding. The brake shaft mounted on the coil should fit as tightly as possible the strap connecting the system to the pedals.
Care must be taken to ensure that not a single finger is caught under the wire during the tying process. The half nut, the installation of which must be carried out in accordance with safety requirements, is tightly fixed on the machine.
When winding, the wire must be kept in constant tension without loosening or sharp jerks. For winding it is necessary to use only materials specially designed for this. Deformed half nuts must not be used. The room in which the winding is carried out must be well lit.
Integrity check
- visual inspection
Each sleeve is subject to visual inspection at least once a month. Such instructions refer to the devices used. A visual inspection of any sleeve must be carried out after each use. Unused fixtures are inspected once a year.
Checks are carried out to detect discoloration, defects, deformations, spots, punctures, flaking, small cracks. Internal surfaces are visually inspected for clearance.
- tightness test
During scheduled inspections, as well as after repair work fire hoses must be hydraulically tested. The tightness is also checked if the slightest suspicion arises during visual inspection.
Each fire hose must undergo such tests at least twice a year. At the end of the warranty period of storage, equipment at various bases and warehouses must undergo hydraulic tests with a working pressure.
Test plan:
- examination overpressure carried out by attaching one end of the fire hose to special devices delivering high pressure. On the other hand, the blocking plug creates an obstacle to the flow of water;
- the liquid fills the sleeve, and only after that the plug is closed;
- depending on the type of failure of the hose, the pressure slowly increases to a level that meets the requirements.
During the testing of fire hoses and at their completion, no leakage, rupture or swelling should be observed, and the metal spiral should retain its original shape without deformation.
The sleeve is sent for repair if it does not pass the test and is written off when it is not recoverable at all.
- peel test
A visual inspection rarely reveals a delamination of the inner rubber part. When the vacuum is removed, this component of the sleeve is discharged. If such delamination is suspected, a water test using a pump is carried out. If there is a defect, the vacuum gauge will show high level discharge, and water will not enter the pump.
Legal requirements
Fire hoses must necessarily provide employees with the possibility of unhindered delivery of fire extinguishing agents to the fire site. The speed, strength of each connection and the tightness of the entire fire hose is ensured by special connecting heads.
Operational and quality properties fire hoses, as well as connecting heads must necessarily comply with all technical parameters special hydraulic devices used by fire departments.
According to state standards, on all sleeves at a strictly fixed distance of 150 mm from one of the edges of the roll, a specific marking must be applied, which must be maintained throughout the guaranteed period of use and storage, which indicates:
At the other end, the sleeve must be marked with the corresponding trademark of the manufacturer.
Sleeves made for operation in areas with a frosty climate must be marked in accordance with the instructions specified in GOST 14892.
Each sleeve is supplied rolled up, while the winding must always be even, without prominent turns and protruding edges. To fix the outer end, a special dressing material is used that will not damage the sleeve. To ensure safety, the rolls are packed in piles and must be wrapped in a special material and sewn up.
Sleeve selection
In the process of operation, synthetic fibers have a huge advantage. Sleeves made of this material are very light, have a sufficiently high elasticity, do not require drying after use, can be used in areas with different type climate because the technical properties allow operation in a very wide temperature range. When using some samples, increased resistance to the effects of a variety of aggressive chemical compositions is observed.
The use of natural fibers in the manufacture of fire hoses also has its advantages.
For example, such devices may be a twenty-meter pipeline with half nuts attached at both ends to connect to a fire hose and a faucet located on the site. Latex sleeves can withstand pressure up to 1.6 MPa. The permissible temperature range varies from -40 to +45 °С. The duration of operation of such hoses should not exceed 5 years.
Classification of fire hoses
According to their purpose, fire hoses are divided into two main groups:- Pressure fire hoses
- Suction fire hoses
- Pressure-suction fire hoses
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Pressure-suction (above)
and suction arms
various diameters (below)
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Pressure fire hoses:
for fire hydrant
and mobile fire fighting equipment
Application of fire hoses
Water for extinguishing fires is supplied by pumps of fire trucks and motor pumps from various. Most simple circuit water supply is its intake from the tank of a fire truck and pumping through the main 1 and working 3 hose lines to trunks 4 (Fig. 1).
Rice. 1. Water intake and supply schemes:
A- from the tank of a fire truck; b- from an open water source;
V- from water supply network;
1
– main hose line; 2
- three-way branching; 3
– working hose line; 4
- manual fire barrel; 5
- suction hose 6
– pressure-suction hose; 7
- sleeve water collector; 8
– a pressure hose for work from a hydrant
Fire extinguishing agents are supplied under pressure through pressure hoses. In the case of use (Fig. 1, b), suction hoses 5 are used for water intake. When water is taken from the water supply network (Fig. 1, c), a pressure-suction hose 6 and a short pressure hose 8 are used.
With sufficient pressure in the water supply network, water enters the pump through the sleeves 6 and 8. In case of insufficient pressure, it is sucked in by the pump through the pressure-suction sleeve 6.
Fire hoses (suction, pressure-suction and pressure) must ensure the possibility of transporting fire extinguishing agents to the fire site. Connecting heads must provide a quick, tight and durable connection of fire hoses to each other and to other fire equipment.
The strength and performance characteristics of fire hoses and connecting heads must comply with the technical parameters used by fire departments hydraulic equipment.
The history of the creation and improvement of fire hoses
In the 19th century “A fire hose was such a device, through which water can be carried in all possible directions.”Fire hoses were of 2 types: pick-me-ups And irrigated:
- Intake (or suction) - for transporting water from a container to a fire pipe or pump.
- Irrigation (or ejection) - for transporting water from a fire pipe or pump to a fire site.
Rivet sleeves were the most expensive, but with good care were the most convenient and profitable. It should be noted that when using fire steam engines at the fire site, only leather sleeves with rivets were used, as they were more durable.
Leather cast were made of leather and stitched together. Such sleeves are somewhat cheaper than riveted sleeves, but they were subject to rapid wear due to decay of the wood and withstood less water pressure.
Rubber sleeves are much cheaper than leather ones, but they required more careful handling during operation. When broken, they were difficult to repair and they could not be long time store in a roll in a dry place, which led to their cracking.
Hemp sleeves are the cheapest of all the sleeves that existed at that time. They lasted a long time if kept dry. They were the most unstable when operating at low temperatures.
To connect the sleeves, threaded half nuts were used, which were connected using special crepes.
Much attention was paid correct operation irrigation sleeves, both on fire and during maintenance after using them. In a fire, to prevent their damage when moving carts and sledges, hose bridges were used.
When lifting a fire hose to a height, it was recommended that the grenade operator take it by the middle part in order to prevent a heavy load on the person working with the trunk (senior pipe worker) and a possible rupture of the hose under its own weight.
To connect irrigation hoses to each other, hose fasteners were used, of which some had external threads, while others had internal threads, therefore, when rolling out fire hoses, it was necessary to follow a certain order so that they could be connected to each other. Special keys were used to connect sleeve fasteners.
The binding of connecting sleeve fasteners was carried out on a special machine.
For different kind fasteners in the fire brigade used a whole set of keys.
During fire extinguishing and transportation of water along hose lines, their movement was not allowed. Sleeve lines were considered horizontal when the sleeves were laid horizontally. Vertical, when the sleeves are raised up or down on the wall or stairwell. Inclined, if the sleeves are laid on an inclined plane.
Methods have been developed to determine the required length of a hose line for transporting water to fire nozzles. The parameters for calculating the length of the hose line were as follows:
Marking of fire hoses in software divisions
On the hoses received by the fire department or the hose base, in addition to the factory one, additional marking is applied to their belonging to the fire department or the hose base.On the sleeves that belong to the fire department, the marking consists of a fraction, where the number of the fire department is indicated in the numerator, and the ordinal number of the sleeve in the denominator.
On the sleeves that belong to the sleeve bases, their serial number is affixed.
Marking is applied at a distance of 1000-1500 mm from each fire connection head with stencil paint. To mark the sleeves, it is allowed to use paint of any color that contrasts with the color of the sleeve.
At the end of the input control in the fire department or at the hose base, an application is issued to
by the most a simple means extinguishing the fire was and remains water.
Transportation of water or foaming agent solution to the source of ignition is carried out using fire hoses.
It was and is the most widely used fire extinguishing aid.
Kinds
fire hoses classified according to the place of application:
- suction- bring water from a natural reservoir or an open source to a pump or pump. This product is made of rubber-fabric material with metal frame inside.
- Pressure-suction- transport fire extinguishing agent both from the reservoir and from the pipeline.
- Pressure- supply water under high pressure over long distances. They are made of nylon material with a polyurethane or latex coating.
Fire hose length depending on the type, it can be from 4 to 20 m. Pressure fire hoses are longer than suction ones. Fire hose diameters fluctuate in the range from 19 to 150 mm, depending on their type.
By appointment are divided for use into:
- mobile technology;
- fire extinguishing posts inside the building;
- outdoor posts.
GOST for fire hoses pressure, suction and pressure-suction sets technical requirements for them.
Manufacturers of fire equipment must strictly comply with the requirements of GOST.
materials
Fire hoses are produced (see photo) from different materials. Inner surface covered latex, PVC or polyurethane.
For pressure sleeves use kapron, lavsan materials. These are durable, wear-resistant fabrics with excellent water-repellent characteristics. They are highly resistant to temperature extremes and aggressive environments. After use, they do not need drying.
suction sleeves produced from linen, hemp. The disadvantage is that moisture seeps through them. But, at the same time, due to the moistening of the outer wall, they acquire greater heat resistance.
Fire hose test
fire hoses checked in the following cases:
- new products;
- after the repair;
- in case of exposure to an aggressive environment (acid, oil products, etc.);
- after use in a fire.
The equipment is tested for tightness and hydraulic pressure. The results are recorded in the logs, designed according to the instructions. Each sleeve must have a card, in which, in addition to the test results, specifications fire hose.
Where can I buy
NTO "Bereg"- the undisputed leader in the market of fire equipment, produces all types of fire hoses and connecting fittings. Fire hoses NTO "Bereg" are designed for different conditions operation. The catalog of the company offers a large selection of pressure, suction and pressure-suction hoses manufactured on modern equipment. 
High-quality equipment, fire hoses and hose fittings in a wide range are presented by one of the leading suppliers - Group of Companies "Rusarsenal". The main activity of the companies is the production of fire hoses.
High-quality pressure fire hoses are produced by one of the oldest enterprises in Western Siberia JSC "Sleeve".
Manufacture and supply of fire equipment "Rostov Fire Company". Fire hoses of all types can be ordered online on the company's website.
OOO "Partner" manufactures and sells fire hoses. In addition, the company is a dealer of many manufacturers of fire fighting equipment.
All domestic companies involved in production of fire hoses, produce quality products, completely certified and guaranteed.
Fire prevention is one of the main safety factors at work. Enterprises and institutions should have specially equipped fire cabinet with fire extinguisher, fire hose and fire fittings to extinguish a fire.
How to choose earplugs for sleep? See.
The main means of fire extinguishing in most buildings is a fire hose placed in a special cabinet. It is easy to use, and the efficiency of the device is very high.
The fire hose is supplied to the room extinguishing agent(OTV). Usually it's water. Keeping the fire hose in good condition and in good condition ensures that the fire is quickly suppressed.
Dependence of fire hoses on the source of fire extinguishing agents
Since the fire extinguishing liquid comes from different sources, fire hoses are also divided into types, taking into account this factor:
- Pressure hoses - used in cases where water is supplied under pressure. They consist of an inner insulating chamber (latex, polyurethane or rubber) and an outer shell made of dense natural or synthetic fabric with protective coating. The sleeve is flexible and elastic.
- Suction hoses are used if the OTV is planned to be supplied from an open source. The device has a rigid structure and functions in conjunction with a fire pump. The composition of the sleeve is as follows: an inner rubber chamber, two layers of fabric, a wire spiral, an intermediate rubber layer and an outer fabric cover.
- Pressure-suction hoses - designed to take water from an open source or reservoir using a pump or from a fire water supply system. This best option, which allows you to supply water to the source of ignition from any convenient source.
In the vast majority of cases, pressure-suction fire hoses are used, since they are characterized by the characteristics of both pressure and suction devices.
fire hose material
The quality and type of material from which fire hoses are made also serve as an indication of the classification of devices:
- The rubberized sleeves maintain water supply under considerable pressure and differ in hydrostability. They can have increased strength, and there are also reinforced, normal and special rubberized sleeves.
- Not rubberized sleeves. When using them, it is recommended to control the pressure of the liquid and not make it large. They are divided into normal, enhanced and lightweight.
- Latex sleeves are the most reliable option. It is more often used for suppression of the fire at the specialized enterprises. The sleeve with a latex component is able to withstand the supply of water under maximum pressure, which ensures the release of a jet of liquid over long distances.
- Sleeves with a bilateral polymeric covering. Universal option for domestic and industrial needs. The double coating of wear-resistant material guarantees long term service and sleeve strength.
Modern material and impregnations make fire hoses resistant to most influences. Thanks to this, the devices work for a long time and without fail.
Pressure hose classification
Pressure fire hoses are divided into types according to two criteria:
- Resistance to external factors:
- wear-resistant (I);
- low resistance (M);
- heat resistant (T).
- Depending on the climatic conditions of the region:
- for the tropics;
- with a temperate climate (-40 0 С…+45 0 С);
- in cold conditions (-50 0 С…+45 0 С).
By appointment, pressure hoses are divided into the following groups:
- for equipping mobile fire extinguishing equipment;
- for the equipment of external and internal fire cranes of objects.
Pressure fire hoses are divided into types depending on the size of the nominal passage and operating pressure.
Classification of fire hoses by purpose
A special marking must be applied to each sleeve, which shows the area of \u200b\u200buse of the device:
- "Universal" - used for internal fire hydrants and mobile motor pumps;
- "Standard" (pressure hoses) - used for mobile fire fighting equipment to supply water at temperatures up to -55 0 С;
- "Technolen" - designed to equip mobile fire equipment and motor pumps with a working pressure of up to 1.6 MPa; differ in frost resistance, wear resistance and maintainability;
- latex - designed for mobile equipment and motor pumps with pressure up to 1.6 MPa, have an inner layer of waterproofing;
- intra-apartment - used to suppress apartment fires at the very beginning;
- suction - have a flexible frame made of rubber material and are designed to absorb water and aqueous solutions.
The fire hose marking also includes the manufacturer's trademark, product class and type, diameter, working pressure, length, GOST and technical control mark.
