This video is for all beginning radio amateur experimenters who would like to make a simple mini motor from available radio components. Very good way to keep your child occupied and accustom him to technical knowledge. Be sure that your child will demonstrate his knowledge in physics lessons at school.

Let's assemble a simple electric motor

Let's repeat the old school experiment. What you need to prepare for homemade:
Battery 2a. Enameled wire with a cross section of 0.5 mm. Magnet. Two pins, stationery tape, plasticine. Tool. First, let's make a coil. We wind it from enameled wire. We make 6-7 turns around the battery. We fix the ends of the wire with knots. Now you need to properly clean the varnish on the reel. This important point- the performance of the engine depends on the correct execution. One end is completely cleared of insulation. The other is on one side. This side should line up with the bottom of the coil.

We fix the pins on the battery with tape. We check the contacts with a tester. Install the magnet. In this case, weak. Therefore, you have to lift it closer to the coil. We fix the structure on the table with plasticine. You need to place the coil correctly. When it is installed, the stripped ends should touch the pin.

The operating principle of a simple micro motor

A magnetic field arises in the coil. The result is an electromagnet. The poles of the permanent magnet and the coil must be the same. That is, they must push off. The repulsive force turns the coil. One of the ends loses contact and the magnetic field disappears. By inertia the coil rotates. Contact appears again and the cycle repeats.

If the magnets are attracted, the engine will not spin. Therefore, one of the magnets will need to be turned over.

Let's start the engine. We can add a little practicality to this product. Let's attach a hypnotic coil to one end of the coil. Fascinating! You can make a famous thaumatrope with a bird in a cage.

Channel “OlO”

A more advanced homemade engine for studying electromagnetic phenomena

Video “99%DIY”.


We will need wine stopper. First of all, we make a hole in the center. We cut out small planes on both sides. Place the knitting needle in the hole. Fix with superglue. We wrap electrical tape on the knitting needle. Two segments copper wire install inside the plug.

To create a mini motor you will need insulated thin copper wire. The master used a length of 5 m and a diameter of 0.4 mm. We wind in the 1st direction on the engine rotor. Remove the insulation from the winding terminals. We connect the wires to the contacts. We fix the winding with superglue. Give the contacts the following form. The engine rotor is ready.

Now let's make the body. This will require wooden base and two small bars in which we make holes. The bars are glued to the base. Install the engine rotor.

From two pieces of copper wire we will make brushes for a mini motor.

Why do you need two magnets? Glue onto small wooden blocks. We glue the blanks to the base, leaving a minimum gap between the magnets and the winding. The electric motor is ready. Now let's move on to testing.

As you can see in the video, this miniature engine has a lot of play and does not have high power. But this is not important for such a homemade product; it is intended to study electromagnetic phenomena, which are often carried out at school superficially, without the use of special experiments. It is impossible to study a subject without visual and practical actions, especially when the issue concerns electricity. Here imagination is a weak helper.
However, as you may have also noticed, you can attach some kind of drive to the motor shaft. For example, the fan will work. When you have mastered this video lesson, you can proceed to more advanced motors. Use bearings to reduce friction. Then the coefficient useful action A self-made device can compete with industrial products of this kind.

How to make an electric motor in 15 minutes

• DIY or Do It Yourself

It is always interesting to observe changing phenomena, especially if you yourself participate in the creation of these phenomena. Now we will assemble a simple (but actually working) electric motor, consisting of a power source, a magnet and a small coil of wire, which we will make ourselves.

There is a secret that will make this set of items become an electric motor; a secret that is both clever and amazingly simple. Here's what we need:

1.5V battery or accumulator.

Holder with contacts for battery.

Magnet.

1 meter of wire with enamel insulation (diameter 0.8-1 mm).

0.3 meters of bare wire (diameter 0.8-1 mm).

We'll start by winding the coil, the part of the motor that will rotate. To make the coil sufficiently smooth and round, we wind it on a suitable cylindrical frame, for example, on an AA battery.

Leaving 5 cm of wire free at each end, we wind 15-20 turns on a cylindrical frame.

Do not try to wind the reel particularly tightly and evenly; a slight degree of freedom will help the reel better retain its shape.

Now carefully remove the coil from the frame, trying to maintain the resulting shape.

Then wrap the loose ends of the wire around the coils several times to maintain the shape, making sure that the new fastening coils are exactly opposite each other.

The coil should look like this:


Now is the time for the secret, the feature that will make the engine work. This is a secret because it is a subtle and non-obvious technique and is very difficult to detect when the motor is running. Even people who know a lot about how engines work can be surprised by a motor's ability to perform until they discover this subtlety.

Holding the spool upright, place one of the free ends of the spool on the edge of the table. Using a sharp knife, remove the top half of the insulation, leaving the bottom half in the enamel insulation.

Do the same with the other end of the coil, making sure that the bare ends of the wire are facing up at the two free ends of the coil.

What is the point of this technique? The coil will rest on two holders made of bare wire. These holders will be attached to different ends batteries so that electricity could pass from one holder through the coil to another holder. But this will only happen when the bare halves of the wire are lowered down, touching the holders.

Now you need to make a support for the coil. They are simply coils of wire that support the coil and allow it to rotate. They are made of bare wire, since in addition to supporting the coil, they must deliver electric current to it.

Simply wrap each piece of bare wire around a small nail and you have your desired motor part.

The base of our first electric motor will be the battery holder. This will be a suitable base because with the battery installed it will be heavy enough to keep the electric motor from shaking.

Assemble the five pieces together as shown in the picture (without the magnet first). Place a magnet on top of the battery and gently push the coil...


If everything is done correctly, the REEL WILL START ROTATING FAST! We hope that you, as in our experiment, will work the first time.

If the engine still does not work, check everything carefully electrical connections. Does the reel rotate freely? Is the magnet close enough (if not, install additional magnets or trim wire holders)?

When the motor starts, the only thing you need to pay attention to is that the battery does not overheat, since the current is quite high. Simply remove the coil and the chain will be broken.
Let's find out exactly how our the simplest electric motor. When electric current flows through the wire of any coil, the coil becomes an electromagnet. An electromagnet acts like a regular magnet. It has a north and south pole and can attract and repel other magnets.

Our coil becomes an electromagnet when the uninsulated half of the protruding coil wire touches the uninsulated holder. At this moment, current begins to flow through the coil, the coil has a north pole, which is attracted to the south pole of the permanent magnet, and a south pole, which is repelled from the south pole of the permanent magnet.

We stripped the top of the wire with the coil upright, so the poles of the electromagnet would point right and left. And this means that the poles will move to be in the same plane as the poles of the lying magnet, pointing up and down. Therefore the coil will turn towards the magnet. But in doing so, the insulated part of the wire of the coil will touch the holder, the current will be interrupted, and the coil will no longer be an electromagnet. It will rotate further by inertia, touch the non-insulated part of the holder again, and the process will repeat again and again until the current runs out in the batteries.

How can you make an electric motor spin faster?

One way is to add another magnet on top.

Bring the magnet up while the coil is spinning, and one of two things will happen: either the motor will stop, or the motor will spin faster. The choice of one of the two options will depend on which pole of the new magnet will be directed towards the coil. Just remember to hold the bottom magnet, otherwise the magnets will jump to each other and destroy the fragile structure!

Another way is to put small glass beads on the axis of the coil, which will reduce the friction of the coil on the holders, as well as better balance the electric motor.

There are many more ways to improve this simple design, but we have achieved the main goal - you have assembled and fully understood how the simplest electric motor works.

To understand the manufacturing process asynchronous electric motor With your own hands you should know its structure and operating principle. If you follow the step-by-step instructions, make your own design with minimal costs on materials, since improvised means are used during assembly.

Preparation of materials

Before starting assembly, you must ensure that you have the necessary materials:

• insulating tape;
• thermal and superglue;
• battery;
• a few bolts;
• bicycle spoke;
• copper wire;
• metal plate;
• nut and washer;
• plywood.

It is necessary to prepare several tools, including pliers, tweezers, a knife, and scissors.

Manufacturing

First, a uniform winding of the wire is carried out. It is carefully wound onto a coil. To make the process easier, you can use a base, for example, a rechargeable battery. The winding density should not be high, but light is also not needed.

The resulting coil must be removed from the base. Do this carefully so that the winding is not damaged. This is necessary to make a speed controller for the engine with your own hands. The next step is to remove the insulation at the ends of the wire.

At the next stage, they make a frequency converter for the electric motor with their own hands. The design is simple. A hole is drilled in 5 plates with an electric drill, then they should be put on a bicycle spoke, which is taken as an axle. The plates are pressed, and they are fixed using electrical tape, the excess is cut off using a stationery knife.

When an electric current passes through the coil, the frequency generator creates a magnetic field near itself, which disappears after the electric current is turned off. Taking advantage of this property, one should attract and release metal parts, while turning on and off the electric current.

Manufacturing of current interrupting device

Taking the record small sizes, fasten it to the axis, pressing the structure with pliers for reliability. Next, they make the armature winding of the electric motor with their own hands. To do this, you need to take unvarnished copper wire.

One of its ends is connected to a metal plate, having installed an axis on its surface. Electric current will pass through the entire structure, consisting of a plate, a metal interrupter and an axis. Upon contact with the breaker, the circuit is closed and opened, which makes it possible to connect an electromagnet and then turn it off.

Making a frame

The frame is necessary because the electric motor does not allow you to hold this device with your hands. The frame structure is made from plywood.

Making an inductor

2 holes are made in the plywood structure, subsequently the electric motor coil is fixed here with bolts. Such supports perform the following functions:

• anchor support;
• implementation of the function of an electrical wire.

After connecting the plates, the structure should be pressed with bolts. In order for the anchor to be fixed in a vertical position, a frame is made of a metal bracket. Three holes are drilled in its design: one of them is equal in size to the axis, and two are equal to the diameter of the screws.

The process of making cheeks

Paper must be placed on the nut, a hole should be punched from above with a bolt. After putting paper on the bolt, a washer is placed in the upper part of it. In total, four such details should be done. The nuts are screwed onto the upper cheek, a washer should be placed underneath and the structure is secured with hot glue. The frame structure is ready.

Next, you need to rewind the wire for electric motors yourself. The end of the wire is wound onto the frame, while twisting the ends of the wire so that the coil is beautiful and presentable. Next, unscrew the nuts and remove the bolt. The beginning and end of the wire are cleaned of varnish, and then the structure is installed on the bolt.

Having made the second coil in a similar way, you need to connect the structure and check how the electric motor works. The bolt head is connected to the positive. Should be held smooth start electric motor assembled with your own hands.

You should pay close attention to your contacts. Before starting, you should check that they are connected thoroughly. The structure must be glued with superglue. As the current increases, the electric motor power increases.

If the coils are connected in parallel, then the total resistance decreases and the electric current increases. If the structure is connected in series. then the total resistance increases, and the electric current greatly decreases.

Passing through the coil structure, an increase in electric current is observed, which leads to an increase in size magnetic field. In this case, the electric magnet strongly attracts the electric motor armature.

If the design is assembled correctly, the electric motor operates quickly and efficiently. To assemble a model of an electric motor, you do not need any special skills or knowledge.

You can find it on the Internet step by step instructions with photos at each stage. Taking advantage of this, anyone can quickly assemble an electric motor from scrap materials.

Photos of electric motors with your own hands

What do you do when the power goes out at night? Most likely, you light candles and spend the evening waiting for the electricity to come on. And you can spend this time usefully. For example, illuminate a room using a regular magnet and wire, which will allow the lamp to work without electricity. Or make a motor that can work autonomously.

DIY electromagnetic motor

The homemade electric motor easy to make from scrap materials at home. It is worth noting that such a device can be used not only as clear example, but also for its intended purpose, for example by attaching a fan to the rotor.

To make it you will need:

• Spoke;
• Thin metal plates;
• Bolts with nuts;
• Copper wire;
• A piece of plywood.

From metal sheet 0.2 mm thick, cut out 5 rectangular plates 40 by 15 mm. We make holes in the center of all plates and put them on the prepared knitting needle. Next, you need to secure the plates together with electrical tape.

For better rotor rotation, the ends of the spokes are sharpened, thereby ensuring minimal contact with the surface.

Then, on the axis you need to attach a homemade current breaker, which is made of the metal from which the plates are made. The breaker dimensions are 3 by 1 cm. This plate is folded in half and placed on the axle.

Next, we make the base from plywood. To do this, drill three holes on a piece of plywood measuring 50 by 50 mm (two for bolts along the edges and one in the center for installing the rotor). We make a U-shaped holder for the upper part of the rotor from a metal plate. And drill a hole in it in the center.

After this, to make the stator, we cut out three plates from metal that will connect the bolts in the lower part of the structure and make two holes for the bolts in them. We put these plates on the bolts, and insert the boots into the holes on the wooden platform.

Next, the bolts are wrapped with electrical tape, and 500 turns of copper wire is wound onto it. A holder for a contact breaker is attached to one of the corners of the wooden structure. Electricity of 12 Volts is connected to the coils.

How to make a motor from a battery correctly

This electric motor is rather of a demonstration nature. In order to make a simple motor, it will take some time and available materials.

Essential elements:

• Battery 1.5 V;
• Small magnet;
• Pins;
• Scotch;
• Plasticine.

First of all, it is necessary to make a coil, which will act as a rotor. To do this, we wind enameled copper wire around the battery (6 turns). We thread the ends of the wire into the resulting coil and secure it with knots.

To add rigidity to the structure, it is better to use wire with a cross-section of at least 0.5 mm.

We bite off the ends of the coil with pliers (they should be about 4 cm long). We completely clean one end of the varnish, and the other only on one side (it will act as a breaker).

Next, using tape, attach the pins to the battery contacts. To do this, you just need to attach pins and wrap the battery with tape. Then, a magnet is installed on the battery using plasticine.

We insert the coil into the ears of the pins. A magnetic field is generated in this coil, due to which the movable structural element rotates. If rotation does not occur, swap the coil contacts.

Speaker magnet, copper wire and lamp for making a lamp

The most in a simple way To bring a fluorescent lamp into working condition is to place it in the electromagnetic field of an ordinary magnet, which is used to work in old Soviet speakers.

The device consists of:

• Round magnet;
• Copper wire.

For the manufacture of of this device, first of all, you need to remove the magnet from the speaker. Next, using a hammer without using great strength With light blows, knock the metal plates off the magnet.

Note! If the plates do not move away from the magnet, you can soak it in solvent for a while.

After the plates are removed from the magnet, it is necessary to clean it of dirt. To do this, use a regular rag or rag.

Next, the winding is manufactured. To do this, take a piece of copper wire insulated. The wire should be long enough to fold it in half and wrap the magnet with five turns. The double end of the wire is threaded into the resulting wire eye.

After the magnet is wrapped, a regular Fluorescent Lamp. This design can be equipped decorative materials and use as a stand-alone lamp.

The best homemade magnets

The use of magnets in everyday life is so widespread that listing them all would take a lot of time. But since many are rather entertaining, we will dwell in more detail on listing the widely used ones.

Magnets use:

• During installation work;
• Window cleaning;
• As holders.

First of all, it is worth noting that finding magnets is not a very difficult task. Small magnets you can find in old headphones. More powerful neodymium magnets can be removed from old computer hard drives.

Let's assume you are working with wooden structure. In one hand you hold a hammer, and in the other an element of this design. In this case, holding an armful of nails is not entirely convenient. To do this, you just need to place a magnet in your chest pocket and glue nails to it.

There are situations when you have to tighten screws in hard to reach places, in which it is not possible to hold the screw. To do this, simply attach a magnet to the metal part of the screwdriver. A magnetized screwdriver allows the bolt or screw to hold on its own.

If you glue small magnets to computer desk(in any convenient location), then you can use them as holders for various USB or other types of wires. To do this, small springs are placed on the wires (springs from handles can be used), which are a metal magnetized structure.

The attractive force of a magnet depends not only on its size, but also on the time of its operation.

As a component of decor, magnets can be used as fastening elements for a puzzle located on the refrigerator door. To do this, take any photograph that is outlined into certain elements. A small magnet is glued to each element using ordinary glue. The photo is divided into its component elements. After this, it is assembled on the refrigerator door in the form of a puzzle.

What can be made from a battery (video)

In order to assemble an almost eternal electric motor at home, all you need is ingenuity and ordinary knowledge in the field of electrical engineering. Which will undoubtedly come in handy in some cases.

For a basic electromagnetic motor you need an AA battery, two paper clips, an enameled wire with a diameter of 0.5 mm, glue or tape, plasticine for attaching the structure to the table, a small magnet, which should not be too large and not too small. The size of the magnet should be approximately the diameter of the coil. Buy them in this store.

How to make a simple motor.

Bend the paper clips. Make a basic coil of 6-7 turns from enamel-insulated wire. Secure the ends of the wire to the spool with a knot and strip one end of insulation along its entire length, and the other along its entire length, but only on one side.
Secure the battery clips with glue or other material. Place a magnet on top of the battery. Place the entire assembly on the table and secure it. Place the spool so that the ends of the spool are touching the paperclip with their stripped sides. When current flows through the wire, an electromagnetic field arises and the coil becomes an electromagnet. The magnet should be placed so that the poles of the magnet and the coil are the same, then the permanent magnet and the electromagnet coil will repel each other. This force turns the coil at the very beginning of the rotation due to the fact that one end is stripped along the length of only one side, it momentarily loses contact and the magnetic field disappears. By inertia, the coil turns, contact is restored again and the cycle begins again. As you can see, making a simple motor with your own hands is quite simple! it describes in more detail how to make a simple motor, which was discussed above.

The entire assembly of the magnetic motor on video

A simplified model of a motor made from a battery and wire

There are many types of electric motors and they can be classified according to different criteria. One of them is the type of electricity supplied to them. We can differentiate between DC and AC motors.

One of the first engines direct current DC was a Faraday drive, which, like many motors, was a reversible machine. After supplying mechanical energy, it produced electricity (unipolar generator).

Today we are going to build a simple but working model of a DC motor.

Materials

The materials needed to make a toy can be found in every home. We need:

A small amount of wire in the enamel with a diameter of 0.3-0.6 mm
R6 – 1.5 V battery
The magnet may be small
Auxiliary materials: tin, rosin, a piece of wire and part of a universal printed circuit board for the “deluxe” version
Of course, we also need a soldering iron with resistance or transformer resistance.

We are working

The enameled wires should be wound around the battery, creating a small circle that will serve as the motor winding. Then, with the ends of the wire, wrap the winding so that it does not develop.

In order for the impeller to be ready, you must still remove the insulating enamel on the ends of the wire, which will serve as the axis. Additionally, one of them will also be a primitive switch. Therefore, if, on the one hand, we remove all the enamel, on the other hand, we must do it only on one side, from above or below:

The easiest way to do this is to place the straightened end of the wire in flat air, such as a countertop, and then scrape the enamel on top with a razor blade. I remind you that the other end must be insulated around the perimeter!

Finally, straighten the axle so that the impeller is as balanced as possible.

Then make two small hoops (bearings) in which the rotor will rotate. The diameter of the rim should be about 3mm (it is best to use a winding nail).

Pieces of wire with bearings must be soldered to the battery. Then we will glue a small magnet out of it so that one of its poles is pointing up. It should all look something like this:

If you now turn on the rotor, it should rotate at high speed around its axis. Sometimes a small pre-start is required by gently rotating the rotor until it "clicks". This model of the electric motor, made during this action, can be seen in the video:

We can also make a more durable version of this physical toy. I used a large magnet from an old speaker that I attached to a universal printed circuit board with fragments of wires. Also, more rigid brackets are soldered to it. A 4.5V flat battery sits under the plate, and there are also cables underneath that provide voltage to the brackets. The jumper visible on the right side functions as a switch. The design looks like this:

The work of this model is also depicted in the video.

How and why does it work?

The whole joke is based on the use of electrodynamic force. This force acts on each conductor through which an electric current flows, placed in a magnetic field. Its action is described in the left-hand rule.

When a current passes through a coil, an electrodynamic force acts on it because it is in a magnetic field created by permanent magnet. This force causes the coil to rotate until the current is interrupted. This is due to the fact that one of the axes through which current is supplied is isolated only on half of the perimeter. Although the force is no longer working, the coil does the second half of the rotation due to its inertia. This continues until the axis turns into its isolated side. The circuit will be closed and the cycle will repeat.

The presented electric motor is a simple but effective physical toy. The lack of any reasonable practical applications makes the game very enjoyable.

Have fun and informative entertainment!