Today, due to the dynamic development of new technologies, the requirements for the design and manufacture of products intended for furnishing premises have increased. Modern and functional steel and furniture hinges come in a wide variety of varieties, on which the durability of household items depends when used. Correctly chosen fittings give the furniture strength and take it to a higher design level.

Today the load-bearing fastening mechanism for modern furniture manufactured in a huge assortment. A variety of furniture hinges, their versatility makes it possible to enjoy using kitchen sets, bedside tables, and easily close and open drawers, cabinets, and doors. Furniture hinges According to their purpose, design features, installation, they are divided into types:

invoices;
semi-overhead;
internal;
corner;
inverse;
piano;
card;
mezzanine;
secretory;
gallery;
card;
pendulum;
heel

Overhead and semi-invoice

Classic locking mechanisms are used for furniture, entrance, and interior doors. It has different shapes, sizes, and can withstand loads well. They ensure free opening and closing of the cabinet door at an angle of 90, support the doors at the required level, and prevent distortion. The hinges on the cabinet are attached with the main part to the side inner wall of the furniture.

Furniture holders differ from overhead holders in the bend of the base. The mechanism is fixed when it is necessary to mount two doors at once on one of the side doors, opening in different directions. Typically, such hinges are used for kitchen sets.

Semi-overhead

Semi-overhead and slip-on

Semi-overhead

Invoices

Internal and corner

Furniture fittings have a general resemblance to a semi-overlay hinge, but with a deeper bend, mounted inside the body of the product, ideal for wooden cabinet doors and heavy cabinet doors. The mechanisms are attached under different angles to furniture doors, widely used for corner cabinets, have different configurations depending on the intersection of the installation planes. Corner hinges are produced for installation at an angle of 30°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 175°. They may have built-in or separate closers that allow the door to open smoothly.

Domestic

Inverse and piano

Connection for furniture with a rotation angle of 180, widely used for doors of built-in bedside tables and cabinets. The hinge securely connects the side post and the door, forming a straight line.

The connection holder consists of two perforated plates movably fastened to each other. Despite the fact that the furniture hinge is considered an outdated option, it is installed on swing facades and in other products.

Piano hinges

Piano

Inverse

Card

The design of the hinge for connecting furniture elements is similar to a piano mount. The fittings, consisting of two parallel plates connected by a hinge, are attached to the facade and frame through holes located along the edges. The mechanism has different size, are mainly used for retro style furniture design, jewelry boxes.

Mezzanines and secretaries

The hinge is similar to an overhead fastener and is installed on the doors of kitchen wall cabinets. Fixed for vertical opening. Its main element is the spring.

Furniture hinges are designed for small desks With folding board and front walls of cabinet furniture. A special feature of the mechanism is double adjustment, the presence of a secretory bracket, and convenient standard milling of holes with a diameter of 35 mm.

Secretaries

Mezzanine

Gallery and card shops

The hinge, by its design, is considered the most popular fastener when it is necessary to connect a facade to a false panel at an angle of 90°. The fittings allow doors of any size or shape to close easily and silently.

A furniture holder designed for folding fronts is most often used in the production of kitchen tables. It is fixed at the ends of the connecting parts of the structure, which allows you to open the door 180 degrees.

Adit

Card

Pendulum and heel

The main feature of the fastening is the ability to open the structure in different directions. The mechanism, being a type of door hardware, ensures that doors open 180 degrees. The loop has a highly specialized application; during installation, it requires correct and precise adherence to the instructions.

A simple type of hinge is mounted in the top and bottom corners of the box, secured using small cylindrical rods. The mechanism operates on the principle of hinged canopies. Used in manufacturing kitchen cabinets with low weight of sashes for small spaces. The installation of hinges on glass facades is being considered.

Heel

Pendulum

Manufacturing materials

An important requirement for all furniture fittings is their compliance with safety standards. Simple auxiliary products, providing movable movement of furniture parts, are manufactured using special technology using various materials. During production connecting fastening The manufacturer takes into account the types and meaning of furniture products, and based on this, the necessary fastening is selected.

When choosing hinges, it is necessary to take into account their basic characteristics: the quality of the material, their functionality, versatility, appearance models. The most popular and in demand are connecting mechanisms made of brass and steel. They are considered the most reliable, durable, do not corrode, have good glide, and do not deform.

An important point in the versatility and quality of the product is simple installation and the ability to adjust furniture hinges. Modern fastening structures allow you to adjust the facade along the vertical, horizontal and depth planes. Various types settings are presented in the video.

Installation and adjustment

To correctly install furniture fittings, no special knowledge is required, the main thing is to follow the rules and recommendations included when purchasing the product. Before starting work, you need to familiarize yourself with the structure of the holder, its advantages and capabilities. Before installing furniture hinges yourself, you need to choose a rational approach to work, this is:

prepare the necessary tools;
make markings;
drill the necessary holes;
install the loop and adjust.

Before installing hinges, it is necessary to take into account the features of the process. When making markings, adhere to precise distances so that after installing the loops, they do not come into contact. Furniture fastening elements must be on the same axis. For this they use building level for alignment.

When making the depth of the holes, it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the material from which the furniture is made.

The final stage of installation is adjusting the fittings. The adjustment procedure requires a responsible attitude because how correctly the adjustment is carried out depends on the functionality of the furniture. One of the ways to adjust this in depth is to press or weaken the facade to the body. By tightening the oval holes, you can tighten the facade as it sagging. Lateral adjustment helps to avoid cracks and gaps between the facade and the frame.

There are many types of loops with different functional purpose, allowing the facade to be mounted at different angles and with different “overlaps” on the cabinet body and inside the body. Let's look at the main types of furniture hinges with photos, used for chipboard, MDF and solid wood.

Types of furniture hinges by design

There are many hinges and canopies used to attach a swing door to the frame of a cabinet or cabinet. Mainly in modern furniture production use four-hinged hinges, allowing you to adjust the facade in three planes at once:

higher lower,
left/right,
to/from the facade.

All of them consist of two interconnected parts - a bowl with an elbow and a counter plate. Often the strike plate is called a mounting or mounting plate. This article will focus specifically on four-hinged hinges.

Other types of furniture hinges can be combined into one large group as "cupless".

First of all, these are well-known fasteners interior doors and facades in old furniture piano, card, pin, heel loops. They are rarely used in modern furniture. For example, piano, card and mortise hinges can be used to attach tabletops to the base, movable legs in. For ordinary cabinets, brass decorative hinges are used as an additional feature.

Invoices hinges that do not require drilling the facade. They come in handy when the thickness of the material chosen for the facade does not allow installing (embedding) a four-hinged hinge due to the depth of the bowl. The only drawback of such hinges is their rigid fastening, which does not allow adjustment in three planes, like four-hinge hinges.

Hinges for fastening specific facades. For example, prefabricated facades made of aluminum frames of different widths are installed on special loops– you can purchase them along with your profile. Please note that, just like regular four-hinged hinges, they can be overhead or internal, designed for corner cabinets of 45, 135, 180 degrees and facades covering the end of the case.

Types of four-hinged furniture hinges

According to the design, according to the way the bowl with the knee is attached to the striker, four-hinge furniture hinges can be of three types:

- Slide— on- the parts of the loop are inserted into each other and connected using a fixing screw that has special notches, thanks to which it reliably “holds” the connection even in a weakened state. This type of loop is the most common.

- Clip— on- the parts of the loop are connected by simple snapping, without screws. The facade can be removed and installed without using any tools - just pull the latch. Clip-on hinges are also called quick-installation hinges.

- Key— hole– on the shoulder of the bowl with the knee there is a hole resembling a key hole in shape - a keyhole. The arm and bar are secured by passing the head of the fixing screw through this hole.

Regardless of the design, all of the above types are divided according to their purpose and installation method - what facade is used in the furniture and how it is attached to the body.

90 degree hinges

*The designation 90 degrees in this case is conditional and serves to mark hinges that open at right angles. In fact, the door travel is somewhat greater, reaching about 105-120 degrees when opening. Some manufacturers and sellers of accessories may label this type not “loop 90”, but, for example, “loop 110” - there is no mistake here.

Overlay (external) loop 90 degrees It is distinguished by a straight “shoulder”, without bending. Used for facades that completely cover the ends of the side walls of the body (excluding technological gap, which can be 1-5 mm).

Half-overlay (middle, half-outer) loop 90 degrees, the shoulder of the bowl with the knee can be distinguished by a medium-sized bend. Rarely used. For example, in kitchen two-row horizontal cabinets for attaching the bottom door and in three-leaf wardrobes for attaching the middle facade.

Inset (internal) loop 90 degrees It is distinguished by a large bend on the “shoulder”, due to which the inset door is carried out when opened outside the body. Rarely used. For example, in office furniture, in which the body is made of thickened 22 mm chipboard and the internal facade emphasizes this detail.

180 degree hinges

Straight (gauge) hinge for false panels designed for attaching the facade to the sidewall, which is located in the same plane. Most often used in corner kitchens, when using the appropriate corner sink module.

Carousel (crab, crocodile, transformer) loop 165 degrees recognizable by the characteristic complex shape of the bowl's elbow, which ensures that the door opens wide relative to the body - almost up to 180 degrees. It can also be invoice, semi-invoice and inlay. Differs in the shape of the shoulder.

Types of corner hinges

Corner hinge 30 degrees“presses” the façade, located at an angle of 90+30 degrees relative to the body. It is most often used in beveled end cabinets of kitchen units or wardrobes. Installation angle – 120 degrees. Some manufacturers mark it by installation angle, i.e. called a 120 degree loop.

45 degree corner hinge used in trapezoidal single-leaf and double-leaf cabinets - for example, kitchen or dressing rooms. Similar to the previous type, it can be called by the angle of installation - a 135 degree loop.

Angled hinge 120-135 degrees most often serves as a connection of two facades, fastened together at a right angle of 270 degrees, coming off like an accordion. In this case, the door without a handle is attached to the body using a carousel hinge from the previous category.

Corner hinges with negative opening angle are used extremely rarely due to design features: end cabinets, as a rule, serve as the end of a row of furniture and it is more convenient to open the door from the other side. But there are projects in which it is more expedient to implement the opposite solution.

The photo shows the main types of furniture hinges standard type, without closers ensuring smooth closing. Hinges with closers are classified similarly - depending on the type of facade and the installation angle relative to the body. They differ in appearance from standard ones only in the shape of the shoulder, inside of which a special movement-absorbing mechanism is built. Also, the closer may not be built-in, but overhead - as, for example, a manufacturer such as Blum offers. But the bulk of offers on the market still do not imply the possibility of improvement. Therefore, if you are determined to install facades with soft closing, without annoying knocking, purchase fittings with closers right away. True, it costs a little more. Before purchasing, I recommend that you read it.

A separate group of furniture hinges is for glass facades, with and without drilling glass. Review on hinges for glass.

Basic accessories for assembly furniture cabinets are door hinges, which happen various types and designs. The most commonly used are four-hinge hinges, which are highly reliable and can work long time. Four-hinged hinges can be straight (standard opening angle 90º) or angular. The furniture corner hinge is intended exclusively for corner cabinets.

How to choose corner hinges

To select corner hinges for furniture doors, you need to determine:

type of loop;
required opening angle.

Types of loops

Corner hinges for furniture can be:

All types of corner-type furniture hinges have a number of features:

The type of furniture hinge should be determined based on the location of the cabinet door and the availability of additional options.

Determining the opening angle

The standard opening angle for furniture hinges is considered to be 95º-110º. If it is necessary to increase or decrease the opening angle of the cabinet door, then the installation of corner furniture hinges is required.

Each corner loop is marked with the sign:

plus if the opening angle exceeds the standard. For example, an angular hinge 45+ means that the door can be opened to 135º;
minus if with installed loop the door will open to an angle of less than 90º. For example, a -45 hinge helps the door open 45º.

On sale you can find corner hinges in increments of 5º. If an opening angle not a multiple of 5º is required, then when installing the hinge, additional pads are installed that allow you to independently change the angle specified by the parameters.

To determine which hinge is required to install corner cabinet doors, use a special scale called a Pythagorean protractor.

The principle of working with the scale is extremely simple:

the flat part of the protractor is attached to the cabinet box on the side where the hinge is supposed to be installed;
The scale on the tool will tell you at what angle you need to purchase the loop. Wherein optimal value corner will be positioned flush with the bottom side of the cabinet frame.

How to install hinges

The corner furniture hinge consists of:

hinges equipped with a cup and housings with an installation groove;
strike plate.

The hinge is installed on the door leaf, and the strike plate is installed on the furniture body.

Installation corner hinges is carried out according to the following scheme:

Marking. First of all, the location of the hinge on the door is determined. The optimal distance is considered to be 70-120 mm from the edges of the facade. Using a pencil and ruler, mark the area for installing the hinge cup. The distance from the center of the cup to the edge of the door should be 20-22 mm.

Using a drill and a special attachment, a hole is drilled for the cup. The depth of the groove should correspond to the thickness of the loop. Most often, it is enough to make a hole 12.5 mm deep.

At the next stage, it is necessary to determine the location of the fastening elements of the hinged part of the loop. To do this, the loop is installed in the prepared hole and the locations of the fasteners are marked with a pencil.

The marking procedure can be simplified if you use a special template during installation.

Using a drill with a drill that maximally matches the diameter of the fastening bolts, holes for fastening are drilled.
The hinged part of the hinge is installed and attached to the door facade.

Next, mark the installation location of the striker plate. To carry out this operation, you need to place the cabinet door against the frame and align its position. Using a pencil, mark the attachment points of the striker plate.

Marking the mounting location of the strike plate must be carried out extremely carefully with maximum accuracy. Any deviations from the specified location door leaf may lead to errors in loop installation.

The marked holes are drilled.
The striker plate is being attached.

If necessary, final adjustments are made.

The process of installing a furniture hinge is presented in the video.

The main aspect when choosing a corner hinge is to correctly determine the required opening angle. You can take measurements using a Pythagorean goniometer, which is either purchased in a store or simply printed on thick paper. Installation of a corner hinge does not differ from the installation diagram of other types of furniture hinges.

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How to choose, install and configure kitchen hinges

Modern hinges for kitchen furniture should be distinguished by high reliability and, most importantly, maintainability from similar devices, for example, for the bedroom. After all, the load on them is many times greater. Let's figure out what types of mechanisms can be found now, plus I'll show you how to install and adjust hinges on kitchen cabinet doors with your own hands.

Types of kitchen sheds

Now furniture fittings of this type are represented by a number of convenient mechanisms, but all these devices were developed for their own type of cabinets.

Illustrations	Recommendations
	Overhead frog loop. This suspension is also called four-link or four-hinged. On kitchen furniture Such fittings have been installed for more than 50 years and have proven themselves to be quite reliable. The mechanism allows you to open the doors in 2 fixed positions: 90º and 165º.
	Semi-overhead hanger. This mechanism is intended for facades in which 2 doors are attached to one rack (on both sides). A slight bend on one of the parts of the structure allows you to open both doors located on the same central axis.
	Inner loop. Internal hinges for kitchen cabinets are somewhat similar to semi-overlay hinges, but they are designed for doors that are recessed into the cabinet frame.
	Inverse design. These mechanisms allow the doors to open completely. As the instructions promise, the sash can open 180º.
	Corner designs. As the name suggests, such hinges are intended for corner kitchen cabinets where the fronts are located end-to-end. In this case, the corner canopy opens only 30º and 45º and prevents the doors from scratching the frame of the adjacent cabinet.
	Intersection connectors. Designed for doors consisting of 2 sections. Depending on the type of construction, they can open to 30º, 45º, 90º, 135º and 175º.
	Mezzanine canopy. It can be mounted both below and above the mezzanine section, but all these structures are designed exclusively for swinging doors in a horizontal plane. Usually, mezzanine hinges have a built-in spring, something like a closer.
	Piano hinges. On this moment They are used extremely rarely as kitchen accessories. This is due to the fact that these suspensions, no matter how you mount them, are still visible from the side.
	Card loop. It differs from the piano only in size and more elegant appearance. They are often placed on kitchen sets V old style made from natural wood.
	Secret or hidden hinges. One of the latest hits of furniture fittings. They attract with their invisibility and, as the manufacturers promise, with exceptional reliability. The price for 1 branded secret canopy starts from 1200 rubles, so such fittings are installed only on VIP class kitchen sets.
	Ombre pendants. This type of mechanism was developed for mobile countertops for miniature kitchens. Hinges allow you to secure the tabletop to the front of furniture or simply to the wall. If necessary, such a tabletop is raised and fixed in a horizontal position with lamber canopies, and returned back after use.
	Heel loops. Such hangers are mounted on horizontal planes of cabinets, at the top and bottom points. Although there are heel hinges for any furniture, they are most often placed on glass doors.

Almost everything modern models awnings now come with a built-in or overhead closer. As practice has shown, for kitchen furniture a door closer is not a luxury, but an urgent necessity.

Installation and configuration of awnings

Naturally, each type of loop is installed and configured according to its own rules. We will take as a basis the technology for installing the most common four-hinge mechanism.

How to embed a furniture canopy

The first thing any installation of such mechanisms begins with is marking. To make this process easier for home craftsmen, reputable manufacturers include paper templates with their products. One template is for marking on cabinet doors, and the second is for marking on the cabinet wall;
You just need to attach this paper to the desired place and use an awl to mark the drilling points;
The distance from the top and bottom points to the nearest canopy is about 70–120 mm, here everything depends on the size of the furniture, and you need to measure with inside cabinet;

To embed the mechanism, we need to drill a round blind hole in the door; the canopy mechanism will be placed there. There is a special drill for these purposes; among professionals it is called a Forstner drill. You can’t do without it, fortunately it’s inexpensive;

In most mechanisms, the bowl diameter is 35 mm with a depth of 12 mm. You need to take a drill for these dimensions. When purchasing, pay attention to whether the Forstner drill is equipped with a limiter, so that due to inexperience you do not drill through the furniture;
The technology itself is extremely simple, after you have marked and marked the installation site, insert the drill into the drill and drill out;
Then the structure is screwed into place. Some craftsmen recommend drilling holes at the entry points of self-tapping screws with a thin drill. The option is acceptable, but there is a high probability of drilling through the furniture, so I simply drill deeper with a good awl, and then screw a self-tapping screw into this point.

A few words about setup

The mechanism is adjusted horizontally with the screw closest to the door;
To move the door vertically, you need to loosen the 2 fastening screws on the cabinet wall;
The far screw secures the mechanism after adjustment and adjusts the depth.

Conclusion

Almost all the mechanisms that I talked about are relevant for self-installation for kitchen furniture. The photos and videos in this article provide recommendations for setting up different types mechanisms. If you have any questions, write in the comments, I will try to help.

The quality and reliability of furniture fittings is a guarantee of long service life of any piece of furniture.

Not the last element in furniture fittings is a furniture hinge - a semi-mechanical device used to attach the facade to the furniture body and open the door at a certain angle.

In Soviet times, there was a limited number of varieties of furniture hinges, which were mainly with one four-link hinge.

Today, furniture hinges differ in:

building,
Mounting method
Purpose,

and the number of varieties of furniture hinges goes into dozens.

Furniture manufacturers are constantly increasing the requirements for tools for fastening facade elements. Various design developments in the manufacture of furniture involve different, unusual and non-standard methods attaching facades to the body.

Hinges for cabinet doors, bedside tables and other components of a furniture set or kitchen must have a high margin of strength in order to withstand numerous operating cycles throughout their entire service life.

Today, manufacturers can offer furniture designers many varieties of furniture hinges, starting with a simple frog hinge and ending with a closed hinge with a complex, well-thought-out device.

Types of furniture hinges

The most popular are four-hinged overhead furniture hinges (“frogs”). Their main difference from the others is their versatility and reliability.

Such designs provide the door with an opening angle from 90 to 165 degrees. The moving part of the hinges resembles a jumping frog and consists of four hinges and a mechanism with a spring.

The hinge is attached to the furniture box with a base (to the mounting plate) and a cup, which is inserted into the hole cut for it (to the sash).

Self-tapping screws are used as fastenings; in some cases, the hinge is pressed into the furniture door without drilling holes.

According to the method of applying the sash to the body, hinges are divided into:

Furniture invoice. When closed, the hinged part (or simply the hinge) of the furniture door is tightly adjacent (or overlapped) to the end of the furniture body. This method of attaching a hinge is the most common, and you can see it on almost any furniture set - kitchen, bedroom, living room, on various bedside tables, cabinets, chests of drawers. The above-mentioned four-hinged overhead hinges allow the sash to completely close the frame of the furniture to which it is attached. The process of installing overhead hinges is described in more detail in the article.
Semi-overhead. The hinged part of the sash is only partially (half) overlapped with the furniture frame. Semi-overlay furniture hinges are used in cases where two facades (sashes) fit onto one side stand at once.
A semi-overlay hinge can be distinguished by a slight bend in the base, which provides a small distance between two doors installed on one stand, for example, on a bedside table with two facades opening in opposite directions;
Inset (internal). If you don't look closely, it can be confused with a semi-invoice, but its purpose is completely different. It is used in cases where the facade needs to be placed inside the furniture body, while the hinged part of the sash is in contact with the adjacent wall of the body. The base of this loop has the most pronounced bend;
Corner furniture– designed to secure the facade of furniture at a certain angle. These are the most suitable hinges for corner cabinets. Furniture hinges for corner cabinets can have a different structure depending on the angle of installation. There are furniture corner hinges for installation at an angle of 30, 45, 90, 135 and 175 degrees, and there may also be other non-standard models depending on the manufacturer’s decision;
Inverse– hinges that open 180 degrees, in which the sash forms a straight line with the side post when open.

Different types of furniture hinges (overhead, without a cup, screw-in, etc.) may also have their own characteristics of the design and opening of furniture facades.

Piano- an outdated type of furniture hinges, which is rare today due to its low reliability. Such hinges can be seen on the hinged facades of antique and retro-style furniture, and in book-shaped tables. The cover over the keys of pianos is usually attached using such hinges, which is why they have the corresponding name. You can read more about installing piano hinges in the article.
Card. This type of hinge is in many ways similar to piano hinges. They can be collapsible (two tubular) or non-collapsible (multiple tubular). Card furniture hinges consist of two plates, which are placed parallel to each other on one hinge using curves on the inner ends of the plates. They are used for retro style furniture design. You can find card loops in a figured design (with wavy outer edges, giving the structure the appearance of a butterfly).
Mezzanine— used for hanging horizontal facades that open upwards. They are used as hinges for various types of cabinets or as hinges for kitchen cabinets. Their structure is in many ways reminiscent of ordinary overhead hinges. The operation of the design mechanism is based on a spring.
Secretary room. In structure, they resemble card or piano cards, consisting of two plates with an axial hinge. Secretory fasteners (hinged) are used to fasten horizontal facades that open downwards. Such loops got their name from the secretary - small closet for storing papers. They can be mounted either with or without a cut-in.
Adit– hinges used for hanging facades on side posts adjacent to the wall. Adit hinges are also called blind hinges, since the doors of the “blind” walls of cabinets and bedside tables are hung on them. Used to attach the facade to the false panel.
Card– hinges used for fastening folding facades. The card loop is attached to both parts of the furniture structure at the ends and makes it possible to open the door 180 degrees. It is very often used on folding kitchen tables.
Bar (pendulum)— Their structure also resembles piano hinges. They have several popular names: spring, double-sided, swinging, reversible or “metro” - furniture hinges 180 degrees. The bar hinge allows the doors to open 180 degrees, similar to the doors in American bars (this is where their name comes from).
Heel or heel. They can be installed as hidden if you make an insert first. Attached to the top and bottom inner corner doors. Such hinges are suitable only for light facades, so they are rarely used.

Many modern views furniture hinges are a real engineering design, complex in their execution. It was just short review varieties of furniture hinges found in the manufacture of cabinet furniture.