The past tense in Polish is the verb went. Difficulty of the week: past tense of the verb iść. What's the hardest thing about conjugating a Polish verb? Of course, these are not endings or even alternations. The fact is that in Polish the external gender of the infinitive is completely

The idea behind the article “The 100 Most Common Verbs in Polish language“, I admit, not mine, but one of the readers. And this great idea, I'll tell you! If only because I didn’t really find anything on this topic on the Internet - there are any number of lists of the most used verbs in English and German languages, but - I really didn’t find, although maybe I didn’t look hard enough - not a single list of Polish ones.

There are a couple of small lists in several brochures that I have and, of course, a list of the most used words in the Polish language in general, from which I will also take some information. In order not to write here a bunch of rather voluminous verb conjugation tables, I will simply list them, giving two forms in parentheses to them - for “I” and for “you”, and sometimes for “they”, if it is done as- something special. If you are familiar with the butterfly rule, then it will not be difficult for you to recreate all the other forms of verbs. If you don't know each other well, check it out! And also, to make it really cool, I’ll add an imperative mood here, but only in the second person. With an exclamation point so as not to be mistaken. If there is no word with an exclamation point, then there is no imperative mood. And - let's go!

This is a list of hundreds and one verbs, compiled on the basis of lists of the most common verbs in the Polish language. Sometimes, when I wrote the forms of present tense conjugations in brackets, I thought: “I’ve never heard anyone use these forms at all in my life!” Therefore, you should approach the list with due care and understanding: not all of the verbs listed here are used with such high frequency in persons. Some almost always occur only in the infinitive, and some more often in the imperative mood (for example, as with the verb wyobrazić - well, I’ve never heard someone say “Wyobrażę! - I’ll imagine!”, but “Wyobraź sobie!” Imagine!” - as much as you like). Therefore, forms are, of course, great, but sometimes it’s really not necessary.

But! I would like to add something else, namely, the verbs that you must know in the name of A1 Polish textbooks, which are very likely to come across in exams. Attention! This is an addition to the list above! This is not a standalone product! That is - read all the same with the above hundred (otherwise, why did they open the article at all :)).

More than 100 more popular Polish verbs

So, the list of verbs that are not included in the "100 most used verbs in the Polish language", but which often come across in textbooks and exams (sorted alphabetically).

Horror, I didn’t even think there were so many of them! Those who have thoroughly studied the first book "

Learning a foreign language can be quite challenging, especially when it comes to grammar. From the very beginning you must start practicing different times, cases, and conjugations of Polish verbs. Knowing the conjugations of Polish verbs is really necessary in spoken Polish, as in other languages. foreign language. But refreshing your knowledge of grammar, especially in conjugating Polish verbs, is important not only for beginners, but also for those who already have enough high level language knowledge. The Polish verb conjugation function from bab.la is good way learn conjugations of Polish verbs. After using the Polish verb conjugation search engine and searching for the correct Polish verb conjugation, you will be able to learn or refresh your knowledge. If you're looking for a more fun way to learn Polish verb conjugations or review ones you already know, you can try games and tests from bab.la. With Polish Tests from bab.la you can brush up on your knowledge of Polish verb conjugation by taking various tests on the topic of Polish verb conjugation. Also, you can try funny Polish bab.la

There are verbs perfect form And imperfect form. They are practically no different from the corresponding ones in Russian. A small number of verbs have two specific meanings at once ( ofiarować"sacrifice", anulować, kazać“command, force/force”). There are also words that do not have an aspectual pair, for example, imperfective verbs miec"have", móc"to be able" dyszeć, owocować"fruit", rozkoszować; or perfect verbs opaść, osierocić, osłupieć"to be dumbfounded" owdowieć. There may be cases when different meanings the same verb will correspond to different species forms (cisnąć“throw” is the perfect form, “reap” is the imperfect form).

However, most Polish verbs form species pairs using prefixes, suffixes, changes in the stem:

Imperfective verbs can form the present and future complex tenses ( piszę, będę pisał), active present participle ( piszący), participle with suffix -ąc (pisząc), while perfective verbs form simple future tense forms ( napiszę), participles with suffixes -wszy-/-łszy- (pisawszy), and do not have present tense forms. Forms of the past tense, conditional and imperative form verbs of both types.

With the help of suffixes, verbs also express the meaning of once and repeatedly:

• nieść"carry" - nosić,
• mowić"speak" - mawiać,
• ciąć"cut" - wycinać,
• płakać"cry" - poplakiwać,
• chrapac"snore" - pochrapywac,
• jeść"There is" - jadac,
• czytać"read" - czytywać,
• spać"sleep" - sypiać,
• widzieć się"to see each other" - widywać się,
• być"be" - bywać,
• siedziec"sit" - siadywać,
• miec"have" - miewać,
• Chodzić"walk" - chadzać,
• płynąć"swim" - pływać.

Mood category

As in Russian, there are the following moods: indicative, which represents the action as actually happening ( piszę), conditional, in which the action is recognized as possible ( pisałby), imperative when the listener is called to perform a specific action ( pisz!).

Time category

This category combines the following grammatical meanings: present time (widzę), past tense (Widziałem, napisałaś), Future tense (będę widział, napiszesz). These meanings are practically no different from those existing in the Russian language.

Pledge category

The active and passive coexist in sentences where the predicate is transitive verb, i.e. verb combining with a noun accusative case without pretext. In such sentences, the subject represents either the subject performing the action or the object to which the action is directed ( on niesie sztandar"he carries the flag" - sztandar jest niesiony przez niego, koń pije wodę“the horse drinks water” - woda jest pita przez konia). The passive voice in Polish is expressed exclusively by the form passive voice participles ( niesiony, pita).

Face category

As in Russian, the grammatical meanings of 3 persons are combined here, but, unlike the Russian language, they apply to all conjugated forms, including the past tense and the conditional mood.

Number category

Genus category

This category includes values masculine, feminine and neuter and appears in the past tense and conditional mood, as well as in the system of participles and gerunds. In the plural in these forms, the category of the male person is realized, which depends on the category of the male person of the subject. Participles also have a case category.

Read more

To bookmarks!

Acquaintance with such a part of speech as a verb usually begins with the forms of the present tense. And here we cannot do without conjugations – changes of verbs according to numbers and persons.

Conjugating verbs in Polish is complicated by the fact that there are not 2 of them, as in Russian, but 4 (some say 3). Plus, when the forms of verbs change according to persons and numbers, alternations occur at the base of the word.

We have already told you how you can make learning Polish easier if... On initial stage learning this technique will help you a lot, but if you want to know the Polish language at least at an intermediate level, then you cannot do without knowing all the conjugations that are officially identified in Polish grammars.

I conjugation

The first conjugation includes verbs with an infinitive:

• vowel + — c(biec- run);
• consonant + — ć (nieść – to carry);
• -owac (rysować- paint);
• -ąć, -nąć (dźwignąć– move);
• — ić, — yć, — uć – monosyllabic words and derivatives from them ( pić - drink, ż yć - live);
• -ać (pisać – write) – not all words;
• — eć (chcieć – want) – not all words.

These words in the first person singular have the ending -ę , and in the second person — esz -у(-у) And -eat respectively. For example, drink - drink - drink.

Remember! In the present tense, verb forms are formed from the stem of the infinitive (the indefinite form of the verb, which is presented in the dictionary). Roughly speaking, you need to discard -ć and add an ending indicating person and number.

Pi ć (drink)

If the 1st person singular stem ends in a hard consonant, then the hardness is retained only in the 3rd person plural. In other forms, the base softens and alternations occur:

• m//m’ dmę-dmiesz
• w//w’ rwę-rwiesz
• n//n’ płynę-płyniesz
• s//ś niosę-niesiesz
• z//ź polazę-poleziesz
• t//ć gniotę-gnieciesz
• d//dź usiądę-usiądziesz
• k//cz piekę-pieczesz
• g//ż mogę-możesz
• r//rz drę-drzesz

In addition, there is an alternation of vowels:

• o//e biorę-bierzesz
• a//e jadę-jedziesz

For verbs ending in — ować , — ywać , suffixes — owa— , — ywa— are replaced by — uj— . For example : rysować- rysuję(draw-draw).

In Russian and Belarusian languages similar changes occur in verb forms. Therefore, if you are in doubt about the spelling of these words, try comparing them with the cognate verbs of our languages.

II conjugation

The second conjugation includes Polish verbs with an infinitive ending — ić/- yć (mó wić - speak), as well as some words in — ać (spać - sleep, stać - stand) and — eć (myś leć - think, milczeć - be silent, widzieć - see, sł yszeć - hear, leż eć - lie).

Spać (sleep)

Mowić (speak)

Verbs of the second conjugation in the first person singular have an ending -ę , and in the second person - - isz/- ysz. Cognate verbs in Russian and Belarusian languages ​​in the 1st and 2nd person have endings -у(-у) And -hey respectively. In our languages, these verbs belong to the second conjugation. For example, see - see - see, love - love - love.

In this type of conjugation there are alternations of consonants. If the stem in the 1st person singular ends with a hardened consonant, this hardness is preserved in the 3rd person plural; in other forms the stem is softened.

• c//ć lecę-lecisz
• dz//dź siedzę-siedzisz
• sz//ś noszę-nosisz
• ż//ź wożę-wozisz
• żdż//źdź jeżdżę-jeździsz
• szcz//ść czyszczę-czyścisz

However, in some cases, hardened consonants remain unchanged: in all forms of the present tense the base is the same, only the endings change. For example: skoczę-skoczysz, kroczę-kroczysz, łączę-łączysz; płoszę-płoszysz, ruszę-ruszysz, suszę-suszysz, wróżę-wróżysz, służę-służysz, wrzeszczę-wrzeszczysz, piszczę-piszczysz, miażdżę -miażdżysz, chmurzę-chmurzysz.

III conjugation

The third conjugation includes verbs that end in infinitive -ać(except for those few words with the same ending that belong to the second conjugation). These verbs in the present tense in the 1st person singular end in -Am, and in the 2nd person – on – asz. There are no alternations in the base here. For example:

Mieszka ć (reside)

In the Russian and Belarusian languages, analogues of such verbs in the 1st person singular of the present tense end in –ay, and in the 2nd person – on – you eat: czytam— czytasz(read and read) czekam— czekasz(white: chakayu-chakaesh).

IV conjugation

In some textbooks, IV conjugation is not distinguished at all, since this group is small and includes exception words. The difficulty is that each verb has its own characteristics in the formation of forms (alternation, changes in the stem) that need to be remembered. In addition, these verbs are very common in the Polish language, without them you will not be able to construct even the simplest phrases.

The fourth conjugation includes verbs that have the ending in the 1st person singular -em, and in 2nd person -esz:

• wiedzieć – wiem – wiesz(know - know - know);
• jeść – jem – jesz(eat – eat – eat);
• rozumieć – rozumiem – rozumiesz(understand – understand – understand);
• umieć – umiem – umiesz(to be able to – I can – you can).

Jeść (There is)

Note! In verbs jeść, wiedzieć, dać in the 3rd person plural before the nasal (ending) instead of j a combination appears dz.

Verb być (to be) also belongs to the fourth conjugation, but still stands apart. Its present tense forms are not formed from the infinitive stem. This conjugation paradigm needs to be remembered.

Być (to be)

Polish conjugations in the table

To make it easier for you to understand and remember which conjugation specific Polish verbs belong to, we have prepared a visual table in which we have included the most important information:

We remind you! Hard consonants: b, d, f, ł, m, n, p, r ,s ,t, w, z, k, g, h (ch); soft: ć, ś, ń, ź, j, l; hardened: all digraphs (without ch) – sz, cz, rz, ż, dz, dż + s.

Conjugation of verbs with complex alternations

Since at the base of some Polish verbs, when changing forms in persons and numbers, numerous alternations occur, both consonant and vowel sounds, it is sometimes difficult to understand why this or that form is formed in this way. The conjugation paradigm for these verbs needs to be remembered.

Ciąć (cut)

Mleć (grind)

Mielic(melit is a colloquial form)

Pleć (weed)

Bać się (afraid)

Brać (take)

Chcieć (want)

Drzeć (tear, tear)

Iść (go)

Jechać (drive)

Kłaść ( put)

Moc (be able)

Myć (się) (wash (-sya))

In this lesson we continue to work with verbs.

As you know, the principle of working with verbs is always the same, regardless of the group:

removed the ending from the infinitive and put the correct endings for I, You, We, They etc.

There are 4 groups of verbs in Polish. We tried to give a fairly simple and structured explanation of this topic in this lesson. Understand the principle, learn the endings, and then type lexicon and learn verbs and their conjugations as you work with the Polish language.

Correct endings allow us to correctly say “I’m listening.” Yu", "we understand eat", not "I'm listening be", "we understand be».

Group 1. Verbs ending -ować

kupować (buy), pracować (work), studiować (study at a higher educational institution), drukować (to print), znajdować się (to be), marznąć (to freeze)

This group of verbs will be characterized by endings - esz , -iesz for pronoun You:

pracować – to work

Pracuję na pół etatu. - I work part time.
Gdzie pracujesz? - Where do you work?
On nie prakuje. - He does not work.
Ona pracuje od ósmej do czwartej. - She works from eight to four.
Pracujemy w weekend. - We work on weekends.
Do której pracujecie? - What time do you work until?
Oni pracują w brygadzie. - They work in a team.

Group 2. Verbs that end in -ić, -eć, -yć (as well as a few words ending in -ać)

prosić (to ask), mówić (to speak), dzwonić (to call)
myśleć (think), milczeć (be silent)
patrzyć (watch), uczyć (learn)
stać (stand), spać (sleep)

Such verbs are characterized by endings - ysz , -isz for pronoun You:

mówić – to speak

myśleć – to think

Ja tak nie myślę – I don’t think so.
Czy myślisz, że ona dzisiaj do nas przyjdzie? - Do you think she'll come today?
Co pani o tym myśli? - What do you think of it? (address to a woman)
Myślicie, że jutro będzie zimno? - Do you think it will be cold tomorrow?
Skoro (jeżeli) oni o tym nie myślą, musimy to zrobić sami – If they don't think about it, we have to do it ourselves.

prosić – to ask

Proszę cię. - I beg you.
Dlaczego nie poprosisz go? - Why don't you ask him?
Nikt o to (tym) ciebie nie prosi. - Nobody is asking you to do this.
Prosimy przyjść jutro wcześniej. - We ask you to come early tomorrow.
Dobrze, skoro tak prosicie. - Okay, if that's what you ask.
Oni nie proszą. Oni robia. - They don't ask. They make.

Group 3. Verbs ending in -ać

podobać się (like), czekać (wait), szukać (search), czytać (read), mieszkać (live),
zaczynać (to begin).

Such verbs will have the ending - am for pronoun I and ending - asz For You:

czekać - to wait

Czekam na ciebie. - I'm waiting for you.
Poczekasz na mnie z pracy? - Will you wait for me from work?
Ona czeka na nas o dwunastej. - She's expecting us at twelve o'clock.
Niepotrzebnie czekamy tak długo. - We are waiting so long in vain.
Też czekacie państwo na ten pociąg? - Are you also waiting for this train?
Oni czekają na samolot z Berlina. - They are waiting for a plane from Berlin.

Group 4. Exceptions, easier to learn

jeść (to eat), umieć (to be able), być (to be), rozumieć (to understand)

For pronoun I characteristic ending - em. But very often the basis itself changes.

rozumieć – to understand

Rozumiem cię doskonale. - I understand exactly what u mean.
Dlaczego ty tego nie rozumiesz? To jest takie łatwe (tak łatwo)! - Why don't you understand this? It's so easy!
Nikt tego nie rozumie. - Nobody understands this.
Czy wszystko rozumiecie? - Do you understand everything?
Rozumiemy o czym nas prosicie. - We understand what you are asking of us.
Oni nie rozumieją po polsku. - They don't understand Polish.

All we have to do is do the exercises to practice the correct endings, gain vocabulary from the sentences and listen to the Polish language in the answers to the exercises - this is excellent practice for listening.

Tip for the exercises: if you can’t conjugate a verb, listen to the voiceover and take dictation.