A toilet in the country is an integral part of comfort, a full existence. When purchasing an absolutely clean piece of land, the first thing we install is this structure. This is not only natural, but even necessary. The construction of this building does not require any special projects. Anyone who is at least a little friendly with carpentry tools can build country toilet with your own hands. Let's take a closer look at this process step by step. Now there are many modern alternatives to a stationary structure, we will also talk about some of them below.
In the country, you can do without a lot of convenient, important structures: a shed, a pool, a cellar, a barbecue oven, but without a toilet - nothing.
There are many factors to consider when getting started. The most important thing is sanitary and hygienic standards. Your toilet should not create inconvenience to the neighbors, so the location of the building, the competent arrangement of the cesspool, ventilation should be worked out during the design.
Country toilet, photo:
Cesspool equipment, method of its cleaning - also important nuance, which directly depends on the flow of groundwater. If groundwater is high, then you will have to look for alternative options, since a hole cannot be made. With a low passage of groundwater, the pit must be exceptionally tight.
Country toilet - design options
The simplest, most common option is a wooden restroom. Even a beginner can build it, it will come out inexpensive in terms of the cost of building materials. If desired, this design can be easily transferred. For sheathing the frame, a board, lining, chipboard sheets are used, with imagination, sometimes quite nice options are obtained. The simplest, cheapest option is a closet made of plank shields.
Decoration, photo:
A more solid structure of metal sheets is built in two ways.
The first option - the same wooden frame is sheathed with sheets, in the second - the base of the frame is made of metal pipes, to which sheets of iron or slate are subsequently attached. Shaded area - the best place for such a toilet, since in summer the sun will heat the metal, causing you discomfort when visiting. From the inside, such a building can be sheathed with polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam.
Stationary brick building will require more time for construction, as well as the availability of building skills from the developer. Here you need to think in detail about ways to clean the cesspool, the possibility of convenient access (for example, a sewage truck) to the building.
Toilet cottage type The "backlash-closet" does not have significant differences from the stationary version, the whole feature is the design of the cesspool. At the same time, its walls and bottom must be sealed, and it must have an elongated shape.
This feature will improve the optimization of the waste disposal process, more convenient installation of sewage hoses. A significant "minus" of the Luft-closet latrines is the impossibility of using them during the winter.
Toilet peat country refers to alternative options closets. At the same time, the waste is immediately sprinkled with peat, and when the sewer tank is full, it is removed and the processed contents are removed. More details about the operational functions of peat toilets will be written below.
Requirements for the construction of a country toilet
There are many nuances associated with the construction of the restroom, you need to take into account the direction of the winds, the possibility of unimpeded access of the sewer truck to the building, the distance from the cesspool to the point with water (no more than 25 meters). If other buildings are located nearby, the distance from them to the toilet should be at least 5 meters. Often closets are installed at a distance. But so that there is at least 1 meter to the border of the neighbor's fence. Make sure that when you open the toilet door, the neighbors can not see anything.
A country toilet with a cesspool is a solid structure that should be relatively spacious. The most common, convenient building options are the "birdhouse" and "hut". If you want to have a place to turn around, the "birdhouse" type will suit you.
If we consider the building from the point of view of the impact of precipitation, then the type of "hut" wins here.
The entire “attack” of rains and snow will fall on the roof, which at the “hut” reaches almost ground level, while the walls will remain dry.
Both types of buildings allow you to equip a country toilet without a cesspool, placing a removable tank at the base of the building or not far from it, where waste will be collected. It can be a welded metal container, a special bucket, a suitable plastic tank or a wooden tank with peat, tyrsa, sand. The presence of a foundation is preferable for any type of building.
A cesspool is the main element of a country toilet, in order to determine its volume, you should know that with constant use, approximately 50-60 liters should be allocated per person (according to the calculation - 3 months). As mentioned above, it must be airtight so that sewage does not come into contact with aquifers soil. A well-equipped clay castle (20-30 cm thick) around the pit is an essential requirement when building a country toilet.
We build a toilet in a summer cottage with our own hands
If you are building a toilet for the first time, then take note that it is the wooden structure that is easiest to build. Wood is a relatively inexpensive building material, easy to work with, retains heat well, and is environmentally friendly. Let's look at this option in more detail. To arrange the frame, you will need wooden bars, a section of 40 × 40 (or a little more) is optimal. Choose the cladding material to your liking: lining, a standard board or even a block house will look quite appropriate. The roof can be covered with ondulin, slate, roofing material.
Base, frame of the future toilet, photo:
To build a birdhouse-type restroom, you can use a standard drawing, or you can connect your imagination, develop your own individual version. Typical dimensions country toilet: back wall - 2 meters, facade - 2.30 m, the width of the building must be at least 1 meter, the roof is shed, the presence of a cesspool, the base is not less than 1 × 1 m.
Building materials that you will need: full-bodied sand-cement blocks, wooden beams, sand, board, lining (cladding), roofing felt. You will also need a chipped brick, a profiled steel sheet, paint or varnish, a door block, hinges, a handle, latches, nails. For arranging the frame, it is preferable to choose an edged board from hard rock wood (for example, larch, beech), stock up on metal corners, self-tapping screws.
The toilet is country, stages of work:
- First of all, we proceed to the cesspool, its approximate parameters should be at least 1: 1: 2 m, the dimensions of the cesspool determine the dimensions of the building itself. We cover the bottom of the pit with crushed brick or crushed stone of a large fraction.
- Sand-cement blocks (they can be replaced with a concrete curb) will be the foundation. We install them at the corners of the pit - this is the basis of the future frame.
- Roofing felt on stele blocks, approximately 4 layers - this is the necessary waterproofing.
- The wooden framework consists of 4 bearing supports (vertical). The bars, which are laid lengthwise, should extend beyond the boundaries of the closet body by about 35-40 cm. The protruding part in front is the future visor, the part in the back is the removal of precipitation from the wall of the building. The binding is made at the level of the place where the toilet will be installed. The height of the toilet seat should be comfortable - 40-45 cm from the floor.
- For greater frame strength, we install diagonal stiffening braces on the back wall, as well as on the side walls of the closet.
- The frame of the door block consists of two vertically mounted supports with a horizontal lintel at the top.
- We sheathe the frame with the selected material, lay a board on the floor (at least 4 cm thick).
- We cut a hole in the floor of the appropriate size, the shape can be any.
- We install a door block with a door, cut out a window if desired.
- We cover the roof of the restroom with the selected coating (roofing material, ondulin, slate, etc.).
- We cover the structure with paint or varnish.
The device of a country toilet with a cesspool implies a well-equipped ventilation system. It is important that unpleasant odors from the pit do not stagnate, but come out freely. The drain pipe can be made of any material, but its diameter must be at least 10 cm. In the toilet pedestal, as on the roof, holes of the appropriate size should be cut. The upper end of the pipe must rise above the roof of the building by at least 20 cm. The distances between the pipe and the cutout must be carefully sealed, a ventilation deflector should be installed on the upper pipe outlet (it creates draft). Inside, the building can be sheathed with polystyrene foam or any other suitable facing material.
Branch pipes, photo:
Country toilet - cleaning the cesspool
There is no such person who would feel comfortable inhaling unpleasant odors. A street (country) closet, of course, cannot be a source of pleasant aromas, but advanced biotechnologies successfully cope with this problem. Today there are special chemicals, which not only block unpleasant odors, but process waste into liquid, oxygen, carbon dioxide.
Many summer residents do not have the correct information regarding these chemicals believing that chemicals can harm the environment, plants. This is not so - high-quality biological products (such as "Vodogray") are absolutely harmless to human health and the environment (confirmed by ISO-9002).
Separately, it is worth mentioning biogranules - a very convenient, necessary invention. Biogranules for pit toilets - the reviews are extremely positive, since their microbiological composition includes enzymes, non-pathological bacteria. Biogranules are harmless to the environment, human and animal health, they were awarded the 2001 international medal "Environmentally Safe Products".
This tool destroys bad odors, decomposes feces, toilet paper, while the waste products are quickly processed, becoming a cloudy, odorless liquid. This liquid can subsequently be poured out fearlessly, for example, under a tree or other comfortable spot. The use of biogranules solves the problem of cleaning, pumping sewage: they not only process the contents of the cesspool, but also reduce its volume at the end of the process.
Before use, water should be poured into the cesspool, and then the preparation should be applied according to the attached instructions. Every 7 days you should add water, add one bag of biogranules (25 g). If the cesspool contains a lot of liquid, then several bags can be poured at once. In the second case, the drug is pre-mixed with water, and then poured into the pit. It is worth considering that if you previously poured bleach there, then ordinary biogranules will not work - such an environment will destroy them. For these cases, there is a special kind of drug - "Septic-biogranules".
Two or three days after the application of the product, a kind of film forms on top of the waste, which, as it were, “preserves” the unpleasant odor inside. This is followed by a decomposition process, which can slow down if your cesspool is simply dug, that is, not lined with bricks, not protected in any way. However, a positive result will be in any way. If you want to have an odorless country toilet, then choose biogranules - an environmentally friendly product.
Toilet for a country toilet - which one to choose
The toilet is comfort, convenience. Often in country restrooms you can see ordinary ceramic toilet seats, the same as those installed in city apartments. This is the wrong choice, as most toilet models have a curved flush direction. In this case, the waste is washed away with a large amount of water, so this configuration is acceptable. A toilet for a country toilet, on the contrary, should have a direct “exit” so that the contents can freely go inside the cesspool. In addition, ceramic toilets are very heavy, which is also not very convenient for a summer closet.
An excellent alternative for a country option would be a special plastic toilet bowl. It is lightweight, performs all the necessary functions, it does not have a curved "exit", it is designed specifically for such street buildings. A country toilet bowl made of durable plastic is relatively inexpensive. The models are quite varied.
If we strive for comfort, then we need to take into account all the nuances, all the little things. Such a nice little thing, especially necessary winter, will become a warm restroom seat. Visit outdoor toilet in winter it is not very comfortable, it is not good for health either. The seat is exactly the part that is in direct contact with our body. The plastic seat holds the cold well, which distinguishes it from the thermal seat made of foamed polypropylene.
The warm seat for the country toilet is suitable for any outdoor closet or toilet bowl. The product is made of hygienic material that retains heat even in severe frost. This invention comes from Finland, and the Finns, as you know, know how to deal with the cold. It is very easy to install, does not absorb moisture, is easy to care for and is weather resistant. The product has a modern external design, there is a cover made of the same material. The thermal seat for country toilets is made of an analogue of foam plastic, therefore it is absolutely harmless to human health and the environment.
Peat toilet - an alternative to the usual
Anyone can equip such an innovation in their country house, since such latrines do not imply the presence of a cesspool. This option is great when a fixed building cannot be installed (high groundwater flow). These buildings are characterized by a simplified design - you do not need much time or effort to install everything. We are talking about peat toilets - an innovation that appeared relatively recently, but has already managed to positively recommend itself among summer residents.
Peat closet, photo:
Models of peat closets have an aesthetically attractive design, but if you wish, you can "simplify" this device. A removable container is installed under an ordinary country toilet with a toilet bowl without a cesspool, and a bucket with peat filler is placed next to the toilet seat. He did his job, extended his hand to a bucket of peat, scooped up the peat mixture with a special scoop, poured it into the toilet - that's the whole process.
The principle of operation of such a device is to turn sewage into compost (biological decomposition) due to the action of active ingredients. IN peat dry closets this role is performed by peat or peat mixture. Near the toilet is a box with peat. After sewage gets inside the corresponding tank, they are sprinkled on top with this filler.
Branded peat toilets are equipped with a special dispenser installed near the top tank for peat mixture. This is a very convenient device: you pull the handle, a kind of “flushing” occurs - a dose of peat goes down, falls asleep. From this moment, the disintegration of feces begins, the absorption of liquid, due to which the unpleasant odor is blocked. When the container is full, it can be easily emptied, since all the waste by this point will have already been recycled and become fertilizer.
These devices require simple maintenance: sewage is removed from the storage tank, the tank itself is washed, a new portion of peat substrate is added, and the toilet is ready for use again. You can buy a ready-made set of such a closet, or you can install a wooden structure (as described above) or simply put a ready-made plastic country toilet (you can buy used dry closet cabins at a low price). You just have to put inside the "box" a toilet bowl with a removable tank for collecting sewage, periodically clean it.
When the storage tank is one third full, it is recommended to empty it. The processed waste is best stored inside the composter, after a while you use it as fertilizer for your garden.
Peat toilet for a summer residence - which is better?
When buying a product, pay attention to the following characteristics:
- Dimensions of the product - you should be comfortable using it (the height of the toilet seat is important), the entire device should fit proportionately into the booth.
- The volume of the storage tank should not be too large or too small. Consider the number of people, the frequency of using the restroom.
- If the toilet will be used by two people, then too large a tank will have to be cleaned half empty (waste should not be inside the container for a long time).
- Consider the load on the toilet seat, strength, the thickness of the material should depend on the weight of the heaviest user.
As for the manufacturers of peat toilets, the most positive reviews were the products of the Russian companies Compact-EKO, Piteco, Finnish peat toilets Ekomatic L&T, Biolan Komplet, Swedish composting bio-closets Mulltoa. Prices vary - depend on the quality, on the manufacturer. It’s not worth saving on such a necessary thing as a toilet - good equipment will serve your family for decades, and this is a weighty reason.
Whatever type of closet you choose, the main thing is that it is convenient for you to use it so that the neighbors do not complain. How to build a country toilet with your own hands step by step, how to equip a “dry” peat closet, what should be sanitary requirements to the construction of this building - you now know, which means you can tell other summer residents about it.
Photos of toilets in the country:
To the owners of undeveloped summer cottages or land with dilapidated buildings is the task of improvement. First of all, it is necessary to build a restroom on your territory. To be comfortable and pleasing to the eye appearance, should be carefully considered own project or it’s good to try on a purchased design.
We build from wood according to tradition
Despite the abundance of materials on the construction market, including innovative ones, wood remains the most popular in the construction of toilets.
Advantages of wood:
- Environmental friendliness. When the boards serve their purpose, the latrine can be dismantled and burned in the oven.
- Decorative. Even the most uncomplicated wooden toilet easily fits into the design of any suburban area, emphasizing its natural beauty.
- Hygiene. Wood absorbs unpleasant odors, masking them.
- Durability. If you use special impregnations against bacteria, fungi and insects or paint that protects against harmful ultraviolet radiation, you can significantly extend the life of the material.
- Low cost.
The main disadvantage of wood is increased flammability, which can be reduced by treatment with heat-resistant agents.
A simple toilet can be built in one day
A restroom from boards in the country can be built with a cesspool (backlash-closet) or with a waste container (powder-closet). The first option is necessary for summer residents with a large family who permanently live on the site, and the second is suitable for those who take care of the garden several days a year. In this case, the biological waste container can be unloaded about once a month. In addition, the type of restroom is affected by the location of groundwater: if they are close, then cesspool should not be dug.
Having decided on the design of the toilet, you can start drawing up a drawing that will simplify the assembly of the frame, or use ready-made plans.
The drawing shows detailed dimensions.
In any case, it is recommended to make structural details strictly according to the drawing in order to avoid inaccuracies and distortions. The simplest model of the restroom, which does not require special skill, is considered to be the Birdhouse. Usually its height is two to three meters, width - one meter, and length - one or one and a half meters. If desired, all these dimensions can be increased or made a double restroom.
The toilet "Teremok" looks original, especially the arrow-shaped shape, on which snow does not linger. And also the "fabulous" design is well protected from the wind. Its main element, unlike the Birdhouse, is not a frame and walls, but a roof fixed on a truncated base.
The structure, sheathed with slabs, is well protected from snow
Another common type of restroom is the “Hut”, where the side walls simultaneously serve as roof slopes. Such a model is being built in just a few hours. Decoration Materials in such a design, only the back and front are needed; roofing materials are laid on the sides.
Comfortable seating is an important detail of any restroom.
We build a drawing
The development of a drawing of a country toilet should begin with a frame, noting the dimensions of the structure (length, width, height) and indicating the cross section of the timber or boards. In project wooden building a diagram of the cutting of the facing material should be displayed, the amount of which is calculated for one side (due to symmetry), front and rear walls. When creating a drawing of the "Birdhouse", the front wall must be built higher than the back for a slope if the roof is shed. In a gable roof toilet, the front and back walls are the same height. Those who are going to make a ceiling in the restroom should also display it in the illustration.
We calculate the amount of materials
A standard set of products for a small country toilet two meters high:
- Two pieces of edged board from four to six meters.
- Four floorboards in six meters.
- Three-meter lining - two or four packs (depending on the type of inner lining).
- Edged timber with a thickness of at least 50 × 50 mm or a board - from 20 mm for the frame.
- Glassine - four meters.
- Ruberoid - one and a half meters.
- Twenty special galvanized nails for eight-wave slate or corrugated board.
- Galvanized steel for skate.
- Door with fittings.
- Two buckets of sand.
- Antifungal drug packaging.
- Roofing material (120×140 mm).
The list may vary and be supplemented depending on the chosen model of the restroom. The final estimate is compiled according to a pre-created drawing. For the construction of a toilet roof 1.5 m long and 1.2 m wide, you will need 1.8 m 2 of edged board (calculated by multiplying the length by the width) plus three meters (0.75 boards) - on the side rafters.
As a result, 1.75 boards 4 m long and 0.25 m wide will be enough to cover the roof. (0.6 m x 0.4 m x 2 + 1 m x 0.4 m + 1 m x 0.6 m = 1.48 m 2) - for the toilet seat, and the area of \u200b\u200bfour boards six meters long and 100 mm is 2.4 m 2 .
For the lining of the back and two side walls of the restroom, 7.28 m 2 of boards will be needed. The area is also calculated by multiplying the length by the width. As a result, 2 m 2 of the lining will go to the back wall and 2.64 m 2 to one side wall (2.64 m 2 x 2 + 2 m 2 = 7.28 m 2).
For a latrine model in the form of a parallelepiped, the length of the lining must be at least 1.24 m (if you fill the products across), and the width and thickness can be taken arbitrary. Calculations are made in the same way: the area of the walls of the structure is revealed and divided by the area of \u200b\u200bone board of the lining, the number of necessary elements is obtained.
We are building a restroom according to the traditions of Russian architecture
We buy quality material
If you decide to build a restroom from planks, then it is better to use widespread larch products, which do not darken, retain their original appearance for a long time and are durable. Edged boards can be planed and raw. The former are more expensive, but already dried, polished and do not injure hands during operation.
The toilet can also be sheathed with clapboard - thin boards that are fastened together with grooves. Usually it is created from coniferous wood, it resists moisture and temperature extremes well and does not deform under the influence of sunlight.
Lining well withstands atmospheric influences
A budget and convenient option in the construction of a closet can be used pallets - packaging products that are convenient to fasten, break, process and combine with other materials. They are easy to get for free by contacting transport companies that do not need "garbage", or purchased at a bargain price through thematic portals.
Pallets are bolted together
You can also sheathe the restroom with moisture-resistant plywood, fiberboard, chipboard or sealed OSB boards. All of these materials are easy to install and resistant to adverse biological effects. However, it should be borne in mind that fiberboard and chipboard made from glued sawdust can be damaged under impact loads, especially for thin materials. A toilet with a 0.5 mm fiberboard cover is unlikely to last long.
Modern OSB-3 boards, made from wood chips with synthetic resins in the form of three layers, withstand significant mechanical stress and are convenient in construction. Therefore, they are suitable for structures designed for long-term operation. A reliable, durable and eye-pleasing antique style will turn out a restroom made of logs or timber. This design has only one drawback - the high price.
We prepare the necessary tools
In the process of building a toilet, you will need:
- building level;
- hacksaw or portable circular saw;
- plane;
- Screwdriver Set;
- self-tapping screws;
- hammer.
Step-by-step instructions for building a country toilet
The following methods are used to construct a latrine cesspool:
- mounting hardware concrete rings;
- laying out brick walls;
- installation of special polymer tanks;
- concreting with the use of lathing.
Phased construction of the toilet:
- Having prepared the project, you should decide on the place for the construction of the restroom, which should not interfere with the neighbors, so it will have to be installed with an indent from the fence of one to one and a half meters. If you decide to make a cesspool, provide an entrance for a sewage truck. Do not build a toilet in the lowlands, which can be flooded with spring floods.
- The construction of a backlash closet begins with digging a hole, which can be drained or sealed. The first option is less time consuming, and the second is indispensable for high level groundwater spreading sewage throughout the site.
The cesspool should be located no closer than 5 meters from wells, residential buildings and plots with fruit trees
- The pit is dug in accordance with the dimensions in the drawing, compacted, covered with sand and cemented. After that, the walls are blocked with a crate and filled with mortar or lined with bricks (as an option: concrete rings). Next, the surface is plastered and processed together with the bottom bituminous mastic. Do not forget that the walls should rise above the ground by at least sixteen centimeters.
- A capital pit can be built with a filter bottom, filling it broken brick or gravel. Thus, liquid waste will go into the ground, so you will need to clean the pit much less frequently. Installation of a plastic container can be carried out at any site, observing sanitary and hygienic standards, since in this case the fecal matter does not fall into the ground.
A broken brick is placed at the bottom of the pit
- The next step is to set the foundation. For a toilet, it is enough to dig pillars or blocks of concrete around the perimeter. The frame, which provides for four vertical bases, is constructed from a wooden beam or shaped metal pipes. longitudinal rafters roof strapping should protrude no less than thirty centimeters beyond the perimeter of the building.
The base for the restroom can be made from processed slats
- The base is fastened by four planks at the level of the toilet seat, corresponding to height for ease of use (usually forty centimeters are enough from the finish flooring). After that, the braces of the side and rear walls are mounted diagonally and the vertical supports for the door, fastened with a jumper at the top, no more than one hundred and ninety centimeters in height.
The toilet seat is located at a distance of about 40 cm from the floor
- The finished frame is sheathed with clapboard, board, OSB, etc.
The frame of the toilet is sheathed with slats
- A door is made on the back wall for convenient waste disposal. It is better to seal the lid with roofing felt or other moisture-proof material. It is desirable to install a ventilation pipe in the slots of the toilet seat and the roof.
The rear waste disposal door is equipped with ventilation
- Next, a door with a window for lighting is hung, equipped with a hook and a latch.
The roof covering is mounted with a drill
It is better to make a frame for a parallelepiped structure from larch beams, and pine is more suitable for floors, walls, ceilings and doors. To make the toilet neat, it is necessary to take careful measurements in accordance with the drawing.
The Hut model is being built very quickly. Work begins with the installation of the front and rear walls edged pine board not less than thirty millimeters thick. The material can be fixed both on nails and on self-tapping screws. Next, longitudinal and cross beams according to the drawing, and the base of the pedestal is mounted on the back wall and spacer.
After assembling the frame, the platform and floor are sheathed. For the latter, it is better to take a hardwood board measuring 20x100 millimeters. Ventilation in the "hut" is mounted on the rear wall. The door, as always, is attached at the final stage.
Video: do-it-yourself country toilet combined with a shower
Create a durable finish
An outdoor toilet is constantly exposed to the adverse effects of precipitation, wind and temperature changes. From this, the tree darkens and rots. Helps extend its lifespan protective covering which must be aesthetic.
The original design of the toilet can decorate the site
Main types of coatings:
- Oil paints. They impregnate the tree well, form a strong layer, serve up to seven years. They have a large consumption and dry for a long time.
- Antiseptics. They penetrate to a depth of approximately one centimeter, protect the material from blue, mold and rot. They preserve the natural color of the wood or slightly tint it.
- Staining paints. Translucent, serve up to five years, do not change the surface texture.
- Cover paints. They also retain the relief of the material, do not lose their appearance for up to seven years, and form a very durable layer.
- Acrylic paints. They can serve up to ten years, allow the tree to breathe, perfectly retain color.
Fans of the natural shade of wood are better off using antiseptics and special impregnations. Those who want to give free rein to the imagination can use dark colors that will not get dirty. Designers do not recommend covering the toilet with flashy bright colors that catch the eye. It is better if the restroom is hidden from prying eyes.
In most cases, buildings are painted after assembly. However, this has its downsides. After all, the edges of the boards and other hard-to-reach places will remain without protection. It is more correct to process the material even before the construction of the restroom.
People who can draw well can decorate the toilet in an original way. Birds, insects, flowers on a dark background and other images will make your closet different from others.
“When painting the walls of the toilet, you should not use a varnish that traps steam and is not suitable for outdoor work.”
It is recommended to apply the products on a clean, well-polished surface. First, an antiseptic treatment is carried out, and then a top coat is applied in two or three layers with drying. It is impossible to paint boards under the scorching sun, otherwise cracks appear after drying. The primer should match in tone with the main paint. In the process of work, the product must be constantly stirred in order to achieve an even layer.
Natural dark tones are optimal for the restroom
It is not difficult to build a comfortable wooden toilet in the country. Even a beginner can handle this task. However, in order for the result not to disappoint, a number of simple conditions must be observed. It is not forbidden to use ready-made drawings, but before proceeding with the implementation of the project, they need to be well understood. And even better - to make the necessary improvements to the finished drawing (changing dimensions, adjusting the design, etc.). Creative approach allows you to get the best result.
August 5, 2016Specialization: master of internal and outdoor decoration(plaster, putty, tile, drywall, lining, laminate and so on). In addition, plumbing, heating, electrical, conventional cladding and balcony extensions. That is, repairs in an apartment or house were done on a turnkey basis with all the necessary types of work.
By and large, you can simply provide drawings - how to build a toilet in the country with your own hands, but I don’t think this is right, since the principle of arranging a latrine will be omitted. The fact is that no matter how beautiful and durable an architectural structure is from above, 90% of it depends on the arrangement of sewers, which is below.
Therefore, I want to focus your attention on the whole complex, point out the most common mistakes and suggest watching the video in this article.
Four main mistakes made during construction
Now I want to draw your attention to four points that are often neglected, and since it is best to equip a toilet in a country house soundly, take them into account when installing and designing:
- As you understand, the default latrine is the source unpleasant odors, as well as effluents that may pollute the environment. Despite the whole range of measures that can be used to cancel such consequences (filters, ventilation), there are certain requirements for the remoteness of sewers from other objects. In your case, three aspects are especially important - this is the distance from water sources, the road and the neighbor's fence - pay attention to the schematic drawing above.
- The second mistake can be called neglect of the foundation, or rather, its strength, on which the architectural structure is installed. You, for sure, had to observe skewed toilets, which are scary to enter! And so, it just also is a consequence of this error.
- Following the principle “so that it doesn’t disappear”, some install ordinary, rather than country toilets on the street. There is practically nothing to wash them off (the stored container of water is too small for this purpose), as a result of which unsanitary conditions develop.
- And finally, the fourth mistake is the neglect of the skin- this is not about beauty, but about the density of the wall, where there are no drafts. The presence of drafts can lead to sad consequences for your health!
Arrangement of a country toilet
Pit and base
1 - toilet; 2 - beams; 3 - storage tanks; 4 - pipes
Explanation. The upper diagram shows the principle of arranging a toilet with. But we are mainly interested in the location of the beams on the pit for the foundation of the higher structure.
So, you can attach a toilet and shower room to the house or put it on its own - in any case, you will need a storage tank for drains, or a connection to a centralized sewer.
I will not explain in detail the construction of a septic tank, since this is a separate topic, although we will touch on it in passing, in any case we will have a pit. As for any other container, the main requirements here are spaciousness and strength (so that the walls do not collapse).
Again, if you are not going to concrete or use masonry, then the main attention should be paid to the density of the soil, on which the likelihood of a landslide depends. Alumina can be called the most durable, as in the photo above, but, nevertheless, this does not guarantee the complete stability of the beams. Therefore, when installing beams, they should protrude beyond the edges by at least half a meter, and if necessary, if the soil is soft, a meter or more.
Of course, the best option here would be a storage tank (concrete or plastered brick) with a lid, which, in fact, will be the basis for installing the toilet. Here you can already change:
- leave it as a cesspool;
- or use it as the first settling compartment for a septic tank, although its price is, of course, higher than that of a conventional pit.
The most important thing is that the lid will simultaneously serve as an excellent foundation for a higher structure, but the container itself is installed on a sand and gravel pillow so that there is no roll or subsidence.
wooden toilet
I want to reiterate that I am not going to offer you a building with specific dimensions, as this does not make sense due to the difference in conditions and needs. But you will understand how to build the same structure with a brick shower, because the principle itself is important here, not the material.
We continue to consider the topic of how to properly build a toilet and move on to the very premises of a higher architectural structure. Let's say that you have a pit ready, and you put tarred wooden beams on it, and perhaps even concrete or metal profiles which is even better.
Now it is important for us that the floor is not on the same level with the ground - raise it at least 15-20 cm - this will significantly increase its service life, as it will reduce the likelihood of decay.
Now, regarding the geometric parameters of the structure as a container - comfortable height from floor to ceiling should be about 200 cm, and the optimal perimeter is about 140 × 140 cm.
These numbers are calculated for almost everyone, but you can certainly increase such parameters. I simply do not advise making them smaller, so as not to create a feeling of discomfort.
As for ventilation - it's best if in the back of the pit, behind the toilet, you hit ventilation pipe made of PVC 110 mm in diameter and 50 cm high above the roof of the building itself. In fact, it can be any other, even a brick pipe.
However, PVC is not only convenient, but also economical. Please note that if there is a residential building nearby (closer than 4-5m), then the pipe, of course, should be higher than it so that the smell does not penetrate into the room through the windows.
Now let's pay attention to the roof - it is usually either gable or shed. From a technological point of view, there is no difference, but from a technical point of view, the amount of work increases.
In addition, if there is no particular claim to architectural individuality, then it is best to use only one slope - you will not only save labor costs, but you will use much less materials.
Try to close tightly - use feigned strips for this, or at least pieces of rubber, fixing them around the perimeter of the door leaf. So you protect the inside from snow. And if you use such a toilet in winter, it will be much warmer there.
Conclusion
You can undoubtedly build a wooden or even a brick toilet with your own hands - it's quite simple. For a sample, you can take one of the drawings from this article and substitute your dimensions. If you have interesting suggestions, then write about it in the comments.
Wherever a person lives, he tries to equip his habitat as comfortably as possible. Therefore, the first structure to be built in a summer cottage is a toilet. Without this building outside the city it is difficult to live even one day. To build it, you can hire specialists or do the work yourself. But even if you decide to make a toilet in the country with your own hands, you cannot do without theoretical knowledge. So we find out what needs to be done to build a much-needed structure.
Where to place the structure?
Before building a toilet, a place for its construction is determined. The remoteness of the toilet from other buildings depends on its design. Or rather, whether it will be a building with or without a cesspool.
Which type of toilet to choose is decided not only taking into account preference, but also taking into account the location of groundwater. If they are located above the mark of 2.5 meters, the construction of a cesspool is prohibited. In such cases, a powder closet is built.
When choosing a place to build, do not forget that this is a place of solitude. Therefore, it is desirable to take him a corner away from the buildings.
When constructing a pit latrine, observe sanitary norms for such structures. The toilet should be located no closer than 12 meters to residential buildings. The distance from it to the water source is at least 20 meters. In order to avoid misunderstandings with neighbors, we are building a toilet in the country, a meter and a half away from the fence.
When planning the construction of a country toilet with a cesspool, consider how the sewer truck will subsequently drive up to it. The length of the hose for pumping sewage is only 7 meters. And 3 of them will be located in the pit.
Also consider the landscape of the site. a toilet built in a lowland will quickly fill up during the rainy season and spring snowmelt. A building on a hill is blown from all sides by the wind.
Varieties of cesspools
Depending on the penetration of sewage into the soil, cesspools are: with a filtering bottom and sealed. The construction and operation of a sealed structure will cost more. This is connected not only with consumables, but also with more frequent cleaning and calling the sewer machine. Spending on a pit with a filter bottom is less noticeable, but there is a possibility of contamination of the surrounding area. In addition, such structures are prohibited by sanitary standards.
You can build the walls of a cesspool from different material. Depending on this, they are:
- brick;
- plastic;
- from concrete rings;
- monolithic.
Let's take a look at each of them in more detail.
We lay out a hole of brick
Option #1 - Sealed Design
Having decided on the construction site of the toilet, they clear the marked area. Dig a rectangular pit according to the required dimensions. The larger it is, the less often it will be necessary to clean the toilet from sewage. Then tamp the soil at the bottom. Pour a layer of sand (10-15 cm) and make concrete base. Do not interfere with the use of reinforcement and filler, you can crushed stone. After the concrete hardens, lay out the walls of the structure and plaster. For better sealing, they are treated with bituminous mastic. The walls of the cesspool make ten centimeters above the surface of the earth.
After laying the brick for the cesspool, the walls of the structure must be plastered and covered with bituminous mastic.
Option #2 - filter bottom design
For such a cesspool, the bottom is not made airtight. To do this, a layer of pebbles or large gravel is poured over the sand. Liquid waste through such a filter seeps into the ground. This reduces the total mass of sewage, which increases the time until the pit is cleaned.
It is advisable to make cesspools with a filtering bottom only in those places where soil waters lie very deep.
Use of plastic containers
As a waste collector for cesspools, you can use plastic barrels or eurocubes. They are buried in a hole under the toilet. For a sealed design, only the upper part of the container is cut off, where the waste will flow. For a non-sealed pit, the lower part is also cut out. At the same time, a filter layer is poured onto the bottom of the cesspool.
So that the soil does not displace plastic containers, they must be fixed with anchor weights.
Variant of construction from concrete rings
Now let's figure out how to install a toilet in the country using concrete rings. Due to the fact that reinforced concrete products can move during use, it is difficult to make such a structure airtight. Therefore, it is advisable to use it only in places with deep-seated groundwater. The construction of a cesspool from reinforced concrete products is a laborious process. To facilitate it, a special technique is used.
Due to the heavy weight of concrete rings, special equipment is required for their installation.
After choosing and clearing a place for construction, they dig a hole according to the size of the ring. They lower the first ring and begin to dig the ground from under its base. Thus, there is a gradual lowering of the rings under its own weight. When there is enough space, install the second ring on the first. So keep on digging and installing required amount rings. At the bottom of the pit do either concrete screed or filter layer.
The top of the last installed concrete ring should protrude ten centimeters above the ground.
Step-by-step instructions for installing a cesspool from concrete rings can be found in our following material: .
Monolithic concrete structure for the toilet
For a cesspool monolithic concrete, after digging the pit, the bottom is covered with a layer of sand. Reinforcing it is made with a call to the walls. This will give the structure strength. The bottom of the pit is poured with concrete and left to solidify completely. Then the formwork for the walls is installed and they are poured with concrete. After it hardens, formwork and pouring of the floor are made.
Defects in concrete after formwork removal must be repaired with cement-sand mortar
Construction of a toilet house over a cesspool
After the cesspool has been prepared, they begin to build a house over it. We invite you to figure out with us how to build a country toilet out of wood.
The length of the building is 20 centimeters more than the width. For example, the width is 1 meter, and the length is 1.2. Let the height be 2.1 meters. Next to the cesspool, a foundation is made according to the appropriate dimensions.
Roofing material is laid between the foundation and the wooden frame for insulation
A roofing material waterproofing is laid on top of it. From wooden block assemble the frame and screw it to the foundation.
Floor boards are laid on top of the frame and fixed with self-tapping screws. The floor must be quite strong, so the thickness of the board is taken at least 3 cm.
The timber frame must be treated with an antiseptic
The front and rear frames of the toilet house are made from a bar.
The front frame should be 10 cm higher than the rear
Then they are fixed on the base, exposing with the help of a level. Strengthen the structure with transverse bars.
The transverse bars under the roof should protrude 0.3 m in front and 0.16 m in the back
Then a frame for the pedestal is installed. Its height is 0.45 meters.
The height of the pedestal is made taking into account convenience
At the next stage, the frame of the house is sheathed. For this, an imitation of a bar is perfect. It has a convenient thorn-groove fastening. Sheathing the structure begins from the bottom, the boards are fixed with screws or ordinary nails. A window is cut out above the door.
When fixing the imitation of the beam, make sure that the groove is on top, and the spike is on the bottom. This method prevents moisture from entering the groove.
After that, sheathe the frame for the pedestal. Cut a hole in the middle. Its size depends on the capacity that will be installed inside. The bottom of the container is cut out before fixing.
The size of the hole cut into the pedestal depends on the container that will be used.
Then they make the roof of the house. First, the boards are fixed parallel to the front of the building at a short distance from each other.
Cross boards for the roof are fixed starting from the front of the building
Then the visor above the door is sewn from below. Fasten the boards around the perimeter of the base of the roof.
Boards fixed around the perimeter of the roof base should form right angles
Now it remains only to cover it with slate. At the next stage, the door is assembled and hung on the hinges. Platbands are stuffed on top.
Platbands close the gaps and prevent the door from opening into the room
Then the entire structure is covered with a special impregnation that protects against moisture and pests, and then with paint or varnish. Handles and a hook or latch are attached outside and inside the building.
From our next article, you will learn how to build a country toilet with a shower:.
Toilet for giving by the type of powder closet
Where groundwater is located near the surface, the construction of a toilet in a country house with a cesspool is prohibited. In this case, a powder closet is built. Unlike the previous version, this design does not have an underground waste receiver in the form of a pit.
Therefore, the container inserted into the hole of the pedestal must be with a bottom. It is even better if these are two containers: one is slightly smaller than the other. Moreover, the smaller one should have small holes for leakage of liquid. And in the larger side, a drainage hose is inserted to drain excess fluid.
For powder closet, you do not need to dig a cesspool. Waste is sprinkled with peat, and then taken out to the compost heap
The foundation of the building must be concreted. Before using the container, a filler is poured onto its bottom. It can be peat or sawdust. After each visit to the toilet, a new portion of the filler is poured on top. As the container fills up, its contents are taken out to the compost heap.
These toilets are only suitable for temporary use. For houses with permanent residence it is better to equip a septic tank or build a local treatment system.
