How to make farms for a canopy yourself. Preliminary calculation of a canopy from a profile pipe, instructions for making trusses. An example of calculating a metal truss from a profile pipe

Before building a truss for a canopy with your own hands, you need to make accurate calculations. Also for installation you will need the ability to work with welding machine. Even the slightest mistake can result in the destruction of the structure under high wind and snow loads.

What is a farm and its purpose

The scope of canopies is quite extensive:

Construction of parking lots for vehicles open type, which are a kind of alternative to capital garage buildings.
The device of peaks of trade enterprises, stops for public transport and advertizing banners.
Construction of verandahs and arbors in home gardens. There is also an opportunity to save on construction country house- a reliable roof is created with strong racks.

The reliability of the canopies is ensured by the installation of metal structures that firmly and reliably connect the logs with supporting pillars. They, provided that the recommendations on how to properly cook a farm for a canopy, are able to last a long time. Before the beginning construction works material needs to be determined.

If the financial situation allows, but there is no free time, desire and opportunity, you can purchase ready-made trusses for a canopy. When you need to save on the construction of a structure, the construction is carried out independently.

What are canopy trusses made of?

Best of all, metal pipe products with a rectangular or square cross section are able to cope with the task of creating a reliable farm, which has several advantages:

Ensuring high strength due to the presence of stiffeners. If products with a circular cross section can be bent without problems at home, then there will be problems with profile pipes in this case.
Affordable cost due to relatively simple production technology. Hot-rolled products are considered the best choice.
Convenient section shape. The process of how to make a do-it-yourself canopy truss from flat-walled pipes is easier to implement compared to round-diameter pipe products. This feature applies to both use for bolting and welding equipment.

When choosing a material, they are guided by certain rules:

if the width of the designed canopy is up to 450 centimeters, then the pipe products should have a section of 40x20 millimeters with a 2-mm wall thickness;
when the width of the structure is 450–550 centimeters, pipes with a section of 40x40 millimeters are required, having a wall thickness of 2 millimeters;
if the width of the canopy exceeds 550 centimeters, the products used must have a section size of 60x30 or 40x40 millimeters and a wall thickness of 2-3 millimeters.

Also, lumber can be used for the construction of the structure. True, wooden trusses for a canopy have been installed extremely rarely in recent years, but they have the advantages of being easy to manufacture and affordable.

Support structures, for the manufacture of which natural wood is used, consist of elements that form rigid triangular systems. Recommended height for wooden trusses- not less than 20% of the span length.

How to do farm calculations correctly

Before you make farms for a canopy with your own hands, you need to make the appropriate calculations. In the absence of experience in such calculations, you need to consult with a specialist in this field. If this is not done, the price of the mistake made may exceed the cost of the services of a professional. You can also use a specialized computer program that is freely available on the Internet.

When making calculations that are performed before how to make a truss for a canopy, you need to perform a number of actions:

Choose the type of construction, which can be single or double slope, arched or straight. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the functionality of the future canopy, personal wishes and the materials used for its construction.
Then the dimensions of the building are determined. It must be remembered that with an increase in the height of the canopy, its bearing capacity increases. In this case, you should additionally install several stiffeners that enhance the strength of the structure.
If the span exceeds 35.9 meters, the offset bend is determined, which has the opposite direction from the impacts on the object under construction.
Then, the dimensions of the truss panels are calculated, taking into account the distance from each other of the elements that transfer loads.
On final stage find out the distance of one node from another. As a rule, this parameter is equal to the width of the panels.

You can use the calculation of finished projects. To do this, they substitute their own values.

Features of calculating trusses for a polycarbonate canopy

The frame for a canopy made of polycarbonate must withstand heavy loads. If this design is not an extension to the building, but a separate structure, then the calculations will be more complicated, therefore best solution will seek help from an engineer with experience in similar work.

Street roofing consists of the following main elements - log, posts, trusses and coating material. These are the ones that should be calculated. When arranging an arched type structure, you cannot do without a polycarbonate canopy truss. best material in this case there will be profile pipes.

When calculating the farm, the amount of material and the size of the slope are of great importance. For example, for a hinged lean-to structure with a minimum slope slope, a farm is used irregular shape. The larger the radius of the arch structure, the less likely it is that snow will linger on the surface of the polycarbonate canopy. In this case, the farm will have a high bearing capacity.

Welding over bolting has a number of significant advantages:

no weighting of the structure with bolts;
resistance to deformation;
long service life;
lower cost of work;
even distribution of the weight of the metal;
fast building a farm.

The only case where bolts should be preferred is when using galvanized pipes, since welding destroys the zinc layer, resulting in corrosion.

A truss is a system of usually straight rods that are interconnected by nodes. This is a geometrically unchanging structure with hinged nodes (considered as hinged as a first approximation, since the rigidity of the nodes does not significantly affect the operation of the structure).

Due to the fact that the rods experience only tension or compression, the truss material is used more fully than in a solid beam. This makes such a system economical in terms of material costs, but laborious to manufacture, so when designing it must be taken into account that the feasibility of using trusses grows in direct proportion to its span.

Farms are widely used in industrial and civil construction. They are used in many construction industries: building coating, bridges, power line supports, transport overpasses, cranes, etc.

Construction device

The main elements of the trusses are the belts that make up the contour of the truss, as well as a lattice consisting of racks and braces. These elements are connected at the nodes by adjoining or nodal gussets. The distance between the supports is called the span. Truss chords usually work for longitudinal forces and bending moments (as do solid beams); the truss grating takes over mainly shear force like a wall in a beam.

According to the location of the rods, the trusses are divided into flat (if everything is in the same plane) and spatial. flat trusses are able to perceive the load only relative to their own plane. therefore, they must be fixed from their plane with the help of ties or other elements. Spatial farms are created to perceive the load in any direction, as they create a rigid spatial system.

Classification by belts and bars

For different types loads apply different kinds farms. There are many classifications of them, depending on different signs.

Consider the types according to the outline of the belt:

a - segmented; b - polygonal; c - trapezoidal; g - with a parallel arrangement of belts; d - and - triangular

The truss chords must correspond to the static load and the type of load that determines the bending moment diagram.

The outlines of the belts largely determine the economy of the farm. In terms of the amount of steel used, the segment truss is the most efficient, but it is also the most difficult to manufacture.

According to the type of truss lattice system, there are:

a - triangular; b - triangular with additional racks; c - diagonal with ascending braces; g - diagonal with descending braces; d - trussed; e - cross;

g - cross; h - rhombic; and - semi-diagonal

Features of the calculation and design of tubular trusses

For production uses steel, 1.5 - 5 mm thick. The profile can be round or square.

The tubular profile for compressed rods is the most efficient in terms of steel consumption due to the favorable distribution of material relative to the center of gravity. With the same cross-sectional area, it has the largest radius of gyration compared to other types of rolled products. This makes it possible to design rods with the least flexibility and reduce steel consumption by 20%. Also, a significant advantage of pipes is their streamlining. Due to this, the wind pressure on such farms is less. Pipes are easy to clean and paint. all this makes the tubular profile advantageous for use in farms.

When designing trusses, you should try to center the elements at the nodes along the axes. This is done to avoid additional stress. Nodal interfaces of pipe trusses should provide hermetic connection(it is necessary to prevent the occurrence of corrosion in the internal cavity of the truss).

The most rational for tubular trusses are non-shaped units with the lattice rods adjoining directly to the belts. Such nodes are performed using a special curly cutting ends, which minimizes the cost of labor and material. The rods are centered along the geometric axes. In the absence of a mechanism for such cutting, the ends of the lattice are flattened.

Such nodes are not permissible for all types of steel (only low-carbon or other with high ductility). If the pipes of the lattice and belts are of the same diameter, then it is advisable to connect them on the ring.

Calculation of roof trusses depending on the angle of the roof

Construction at a roof slope angle of 22-30 degrees

The angle of inclination of the roof is considered optimal for gable roof 20-45 degrees, for a lean-to 20-30 degrees.

The structure of building coverings usually consists of truss trusses placed next to each other. If they are interconnected only by runs, then the system is formed variable and may lose stability.

To ensure the invariability of the structure, the designers provide for several spatial blocks from adjacent trusses, which are fastened together with ties in the planes of the chords and vertical cross ties. Other trusses are attached to such rigid blocks using horizontal elements, which ensures the stability of the structure.

To calculate the coverage of the building, it is necessary to determine the angle of inclination of the roof. This setting depends on several factors:

view truss system
roofing cake
crate
roofing material

If the angle of inclination is significant, then I use triangular-type trusses. But they have some disadvantages. This is a complex support assembly that requires articulation, which makes the entire structure less rigid in the transverse direction.

Collection of loads

Typically, the load acting on the structure is applied at the nodes to which the elements of transverse structures are attached (for example, false ceiling or roof purlins). For each type of load, it is desirable to determine the forces in the bars separately. Types of loads for roof trusses:

constant (own weight of the structure and the entire supported system);
temporary (load from suspended equipment, payload);
short-term (atmospheric, including snow and wind);

To determine the permanent design load, you must first find the cargo area from which it will be collected.

The formula for determining the load on the roof:

F = (g + g1/cos a)*b ,

where g is the own mass of the truss and its connections, horizontal projection, g1 is the mass of the roof, a is the angle of inclination of the upper chord relative to the horizon, b is the distance between the trusses

Based on this formula, the greater the angle of inclination, the less the load acting on the roof. However, it should be borne in mind that an increase in the angle entails a significant increase in price due to an increase in the volume of building materials.

Also, when designing a roof, the region of construction is taken into account.. If a significant wind load is expected, then the angle of inclination is laid to a minimum and the roof is made single-pitched.

Snow is a temporary load and loads the farm only partially. Loading half a truss can be very disadvantageous for medium sized rasks.

The total snow load on the roof is calculated by the formula:

Sp is the calculated value of snow weight per 1 m2 of horizontal surface;

μ - calculation coefficient, to take into account the slope of the roof (according to SNiP, it is equal to one if the angle of inclination is less than 25 degrees and 0.7 if the angle is from 25 to 60 degrees)

Wind pressure is considered significant only for vertical surfaces and surfaces if their angle of inclination to the horizon is greater than 30 degrees (relevant for masts, towers and steep roof trusses). wind load like the rest is reduced to nodal.

Effort Definition

When designing tubular roof trusses, one should take into account their increased bending rigidity and the significant influence of the rigidity of the joints at the nodes. Therefore, for tubular profiles, the calculation of trusses according to the hinged scheme is allowed with a ratio of sectional height to length of not more than 1/10 for structures that will be operated at a design temperature below -40 degrees.

In other cases, it is necessary to calculate the bending moments in the rods due to the stiffness of the nodes. In this case, axial forces can be calculated according to the hinged scheme, and additional moments can be found approximately.

Instructions for calculating the roof truss

the design load is determined (using SNiP "Loads and Impacts")

there are efforts in the truss rods (you should decide on the design scheme)

the calculated length of the rod is calculated (equals the product of the length reduction factor (0.8) by the distance between the centers of the nodes)

testing of compressed rods for flexibility

having asked for the flexibility of the rods, select the section according to the area

When pre-selecting for belts, the value of flexibility is taken from 60 to 80, for the lattice 100-120.

Summing up

With proper design of the truss system, you can significantly reduce the amount of material used and make the construction of the roof much cheaper. For correct calculation it is necessary to know the region of construction, to determine the type of profile, based on the purpose and type of object. Applying the right technique to find the calculated data, it is possible to achieve the optimal ratio between the price of erecting a structure and its operational characteristics.

Metal trusses from a profile pipe are metal structures, the assembly of which is carried out by means of lattice metal rods. Their manufacture is a rather complicated and time-consuming process, but the result usually justifies expectations. An important advantage can be called the cost-effectiveness of the resulting design. In the production process, paired metal and scarves are often used as connecting metal parts. The further assembly process is based on riveting or welding.

Advantages of metal structures

A metal truss has many advantages. With their help, you can easily block the span of any length. However, it should be understood that correct installation involves the primary competent calculation of the farm from the profile pipe. In this case, it will be possible to be sure of the quality of the created metal structure. It is also worth sticking to the planned plans, drawing and markings so that the product turns out in accordance with the requirements.

The benefits of this product do not end there. The following advantages can also be distinguished:

The durability of a metal product.
Light weight when compared to other similar designs.
Endurance.
Resistance to damage and negative environmental factors.
Strong knots that contribute to resistance to any type of load.
Opportunity to save money through self assembly, because ready metal product is not cheap.

Structural features of trusses

The profile pipe truss has characteristics which should be remembered in advance. Based on the division, certain parameters can be distinguished. The main value is the number of belts. The following types can be distinguished:

The second important parameter, without which a farm drawing cannot be created, is the contours and shape. Depending on the latter, straight, gable or single-slope, arched trusses can be distinguished. Along the contour, metal structures can also be divided into several options. The first is designs with a parallel belt. They are considered the best solution for creating a soft roof. The metal support is extremely simple, and its components are identical, the grid is the same size as the rods, making installation an easy job.

The second option is single-pitched metal structures. They are based on rigid knots that provide resistance to external loads. The creation of such a design is distinguished by the economy of the material and, accordingly, low costs. The third type is polygonal farms. They are distinguished by a long and rather complicated installation, and the ability to withstand a lot of weight becomes an advantage. The fourth option is triangular trusses from a profile pipe. They are used if it is planned to create a metal truss with a large angle of inclination, but the disadvantage will be the presence of waste after construction.

The next important parameter is the angle of inclination. Depending on it, metal trusses from profile pipes are divided into three main groups. The first group includes metal structures with an angle of inclination of 22-30 degrees. In this case, the length and height of the product are represented by a ratio of 1:5. Among the advantages of such a metal structure, one can single out a slight weight. Most often, metal triangular trusses are created this way.

In this case, it may be necessary to use braces mounted from top to bottom if the span height exceeds 14 meters. A panel 150-250 cm long will be located in the upper belt. As a result, a design with two belts and an even number of panels will be obtained. Provided that the span is more than 20 meters, the under-rafter metal structure should be mounted, linking it with support columns.

The second group includes farms from square pipes or from professional pipes and other varieties, if the angle of inclination is 15-22 degrees. The ratio of height and length between themselves reaches 1:7. The maximum frame length should not exceed 20 meters. If it is necessary to increase the height, additional procedures are required, for example, a broken belt is created.

The third group includes metal structures with an inclination angle of less than 15 degrees. In these projects, a trapezoid truss system is used. They have additional short racks. This allows you to increase the resistance to longitudinal deflection. If mounted shed roof, the angle of inclination of which reaches 6-10 degrees, it is necessary to consider an asymmetric shape. The division of the span may vary depending on the design features, and can be up to seven, eight or nine parts.

Separately, the Polonso farm, mounted by hand, is singled out. It is represented by two triangular trusses, which are connected by a puff. This eliminates the installation of long braces, which would have to be located in the middle panels. As a result, the weight of the structure will be optimal.

How to correctly calculate the canopy?

The calculation and manufacture of trusses from a profile pipe should be based on the basic requirements that are prescribed in SNiP. When calculating, it is important to draw up a drawing of the product, without which subsequent installation will be impossible. Initially, a diagram should be prepared, which will indicate the main dependencies between the roof slope and the length of the structure as a whole. In particular, the following should be taken into account:

The contour of support belts. They will help determine the purpose of the metal structure, the angle of inclination and the type of roof.
When selecting, it is necessary to follow the principle of economy, unless the requirements imply the opposite.
Dimensions are calculated taking into account the loads on the structure. It is important to remember that the angles of the rafters may vary, but the panel must match them.
The last calculation concerns the gap between nodes. Most often, it is chosen so that it matches the width of the panel.

It should be remembered that increasing the height with your own hands will lead to an increase in bearing capacity. In this case, the snow cover will not be held on the roof. To further strengthen the metal structure, you will have to mount stiffeners. To determine the dimensions of the farm, you should be guided by the following data:

structures up to 4.5 meters wide are mounted from parts with dimensions of 40x20x2 mm;
products with a width of 5.5 meters are created from components measuring 40x40x2 mm;
if the width of the structure will exceed 5.5 meters, it is optimal to choose parts 40x40x3 mm or 60x30x2 mm.

Next, you need to calculate the step, for this, the distance from one to the next support of the canopy is taken into account. Often it is standard and reaches 1.7 meters. If you break this unspoken rule, the strength of the structure may be somewhat violated. After all the required parameters are calculated, it is necessary to obtain a design diagram. To do this, use the program to achieve the required strength. Most programs have similar names to the process they are running. You can choose the program "Truss Calculation", "Truss Calculation 1.0" and other similar ones.

When calculating, be sure to take into account the cost of one ton of metal in the purchase, as well as the cost of manufacturing the metal structure itself, that is, the costs of welding, anti-corrosion treatment and installation. Now it remains to figure out how to weld a truss from a profile pipe.

In order for truss welding to be of high quality, a number of recommendations must be followed. Among them are the following:

In order for the design to turn out in accordance with the requirements, it is important to adhere to a certain algorithm of work. Initially, the site is marked. To do this, mount vertical supports and embedded parts. If necessary, metal profile pipes can be immediately placed in pits and concreted. The installation of vertical supports is verified with a plumb line, and in order to control the parallelism, they pull the cord.

Sheds on metal frame make life easier. They will protect the car from bad weather, cover summer veranda, gazebo. They will replace the roof of the workshop or the canopy over the entrance. Turning to professionals, you will get any kind of canopy. But many will cope with the installation work themselves. True, you will need an accurate calculation of the farm from the profile pipe. You can not do without the appropriate equipment and materials. Of course, welding and cutting skills are also needed.

frame material

The basis of the canopies is steel, polymers, wood, aluminum, reinforced concrete. But, more often, the frame is made up of metal trusses from a profile pipe. This material is hollow, relatively light, but durable. In section it looks like:

rectangle;
square;
oval (as well as semi- and flat-oval figure);
polyhedron.

When welding from a truss profile pipe, a square or rectangular section is often chosen. These profiles are easier to process.

Variety of pipe profiles

Permissible loads depend on the wall thickness, metal grade, manufacturing method. The material is often high-quality structural steel (1-3ps/sp, 1-2ps(sp)). For special needs, low-alloy alloys and galvanizing are used.

The length of profile pipes usually ranges from 6 m for small sections to 12 m for large ones. Minimum parameters from 10×10×1 mm and 15×15×1.5 mm. With an increase in the wall thickness, the strength of the profiles increases. For example, on sections 50 × 50 × 1.5 mm, 100 × 100 × 3 mm and more. Products maximum dimensions(300×300×12 mm and more) are applicable rather for industrial buildings.

As for the parameters of the frame elements, there are the following recommendations:

for small-sized canopies (up to 4.5 m wide), pipe material with a section of 40 × 20 × 2 mm is used;
if the width is up to 5.5 m, parameters 40 × 40 × 2 mm are recommended;
for canopies of larger sizes, it is advised to take pipes 40 × 40 × 3 mm, 60 × 30 × 2 mm.

What is a farm

The farm is called the core system, the basis building structure. It consists of rectilinear elements connected at nodes. For example, we consider the design of a truss from a profile pipe, in which there is no misalignment of the rods and there are no off-nodal loads. Then in her constituent parts only tensile and compressive forces will occur. The mechanics of this system allows it to remain geometrically unchanged when replacing rigidly attached nodes with articulated ones.

The farm consists of the following elements:

upper belt;
lower belt;
stand perpendicular to the axis;
brace (or brace), inclined to the axis;
auxiliary support brace (sprengel).

Lattice system can be triangular, diagonal, semi-diagonal, cross. For connection, scarves, paired materials, rivets, welds are used.

Mounting options in knots

The manufacture of trusses from a profile pipe involves the assembly of a belt with certain outlines. By type they are:

segment;
polygonal;
gable (or trapezoidal);
with parallel belts;
triangular (d-i);
with a raised broken lower belt;
lean-to;
console.

Some systems are easier to install, others are more economical in terms of material consumption, and others are easier in terms of supporting nodes.

Fundamentals of Farm Calculation

Influence of tilt angle

The choice of the design of canopy trusses from a profile pipe is associated with the slope of the designed structure. There are three possible options:

from 6° to 15°;
from 15° to 22°;
from 22° to 35°.

At minimum angle(6°-15°) trapezoidal outlines of the belts are recommended. To reduce weight, a height of 1/7 or 1/9 of the total span length is allowed. When designing a sloping canopy of complex geometric shape, it is necessary to raise it in the middle part above the supports. Take advantage of the Polonso farms recommended by many experts. They are a system of two triangles connected by a puff. If you need a tall structure, it is better to choose a polygonal structure with a raised lower chord.

When the slope angle exceeds 20°, the height should be 1/7 of the total span length. The latter reaches 20 m. To increase the structure, the lower belt is made broken. Then the increase will be up to 0.23 span length. Tabular data is used to calculate the required parameters.

Table for determining the slope of the truss system

With a slope of more than 22 °, calculations are carried out according to special programs. Canopies of this kind are more often used for roofing made of slate, metal and similar materials. Here, triangular trusses from a profile pipe are used with their height of 1/5 of the entire length of the span.

The greater the angle of inclination, the less precipitation and heavy snow will accumulate on the canopy. The bearing capacity of the system increases with its height. Additional stiffening ribs are provided for additional strength.

Base Angle Options

To understand how to calculate a truss from a profile pipe, it is imperative to find out the parameters of the base nodes. For example, the dimensions of the span should usually be specified in the terms of reference. The number of panels, their dimensions are pre-assigned. Compute optimal height(H) in the middle of the span.

If the belts are parallel, polygonal, trapezoidal, H=1/8×L, where L is the length of the truss. The top belt should have a slope of about 1/8xL or 1/12xL.
For triangular type, on average, H=1/4×L or H=1/5×L.

Lattice braces should have a slope of approximately 45° (within 35°-50°).

Take advantage of ready standard project, then you don't have to calculate

In order for the canopy to be reliable and last for a long time, its project requires accurate calculations. After the calculation, materials are purchased, and then the frame is mounted. There is a more costly way - to purchase ready-made modules and assemble the structure on site. Another option is more difficult - to do the calculations yourself. Then you will need data from special reference books on SNiP 2.01.07-85 (impacts, loads), as well as SNiP P-23-81 (data on steel structures). You need to do the following.

Decide on the block diagram in accordance with the functions of the canopy, the angle of inclination, the material of the rods.
Select options. Take into account the relationship between the height and minimum weight of the roof, its material and type, slope.
Calculate the panel dimensions of the structure according to the distance of the individual parts responsible for the transfer of loads. The distance between adjacent nodes is determined, usually equal to the width of the panel. If the span is more than 36 m, the building lift is calculated - the reverse extinguishing bend, which acts due to the loads on the structure.

Among the methods for calculating statically determinate trusses, one of the simplest is cutting out nodes (areas where the rods are hinged). Other options are the Ritter method, the Henneberg rod replacement method. As well as a graphical solution by drawing up a Maxwell-Cremona diagram. In modern computer programs the method of cutting knots is more often used.

For a person who has knowledge of mechanics and strength of materials, it is not so difficult to calculate all this. The rest should take into account that the service life and safety of the canopy depend on the accuracy of the calculations and the magnitude of the errors. It might be better to contact the experts. Or choose an option from ready-made design solutions, where you can simply substitute your values. When it is clear what kind of truss truss is needed from a profile pipe, a drawing for it will surely be found on the Internet.

Significant Site Selection Factors

If the canopy belongs to a house or other building, it will require official permission, which will also have to be taken care of.

First, a site is selected where the structure will be located. What is taken into account?

Constant loads (fixed weight of lathing, roofing and other materials).
Variable loads (impacts climatic factors: wind, precipitation, including snow).
A special type of load (is there seismic activity in the region, storms, hurricanes, etc.).

Also important are the characteristics of the soil, the influence of nearby buildings. The designer must take into account all significant factors and clarifying coefficients that are included in the calculation algorithm. If you plan to do the calculations on your own, use 3D Max, Arkon, AutoCAD or similar programs. There is an online payment option construction calculators. Be sure to find out for the intended project the recommended step between the bearing supports, the crate. As well as the parameters of materials and their quantity.

An example of a software calculation for a canopy, covered with polycarbonate

Sequence of work

Assembling the frame from metal profiles must only be carried out by a welding specialist. This responsible business requires knowledge and skillful handling of the tool. It is necessary not only to understand how to weld a truss from a profile pipe. It is important which nodes are more correct to assemble on the ground, and only then raise them to the supports. If the structure is heavy, equipment will be required for installation.

Usually the installation process takes place in the following sequence:

Area marking is in progress. Embedded parts, vertical supports are installed. Often, metal pipes are immediately placed in the pits, and then concreted. The verticality of the installation is checked by a plumb line. To control parallelism, a cord or thread is stretched between the extreme racks, the rest are set along the resulting line.
Longitudinal pipes are fixed to the supports by welding.
On the ground, nodes and elements of trusses are welded. With the help of braces and jumpers, the belts of the structure are connected. Then the blocks should be raised to the desired height. They are welded to the longitudinal pipes in the areas where the vertical supports are placed. Longitudinal jumpers are welded between trusses along the slope for further fastening roofing material. They make holes for fasteners.
All connecting areas are carefully cleaned. Especially the upper edges of the frame, where the roof will lie in the future. The surface of the profiles is cleaned, degreased, treated with a primer and painted.

Taking advantage finished project, you will quickly start assembling the canopy

Experts advise to perform such responsible work only with relevant experience. It is not enough to know in theory how to properly weld a truss from a profile pipe. Doing something wrong, ignoring the nuances, House master takes risks. The canopy will collapse and collapse. Everything that will be under it will suffer - cars or people. So take your knowledge to heart!

Video: how to weld a truss from a profile pipe

A canopy from a profile pipe is a very common design that can be found in almost every yard. From profile pipes, you can make both a small canopy over the porch, and a large roof for parking - and in any case the design will be strong enough, beautiful and easy to arrange. This article will consider the calculation of a canopy from a profile pipe and its installation.

Calculation and drawing of a canopy

Competent calculation and the creation of a good drawing imply compliance with a number of standards and requirements for structures made of shaped pipes. However, small shed canopies do not need to be calculated so precisely - a small visor made of a profile pipe does not differ in weight, so this kind of construction does not pose any danger. Large sheds for parking lots or swimming pools must be calculated to avoid problems.

A drawing of a canopy from a professional pipe always begins with a sketch - a simple sketch that indicates the type of structure, its main features and approximate dimensions. To accurately determine the dimensions of the future canopy, it is worth taking measurements in the area where the structure will be located. In the event that the canopy will be attached to the house, then it is also necessary to measure the wall in order to know exactly the dimensions of the profile pipe for the canopy.

You can consider the calculation method using the example of a structure located on a 9x7 m site located in front of a house with dimensions of 9x6 m:

The length of the canopy may well be equal to the length of the wall (9 m), and the overhang of the structure is one meter shorter than the width of the site - i.e. 6 m;
The lower edge may well have a height of 2.4 m, and the high one should be raised to 3.5-3.6 m;
The angle of inclination of the slope is determined depending on the difference in the heights of the lower and upper edges (in this example, about 12-13 degrees are obtained);
To calculate the loads on the structure, you need to find maps that display the level of precipitation in a given region, and build on them;
When the size of the structure and the expected loads are calculated, it remains to draw up detailed drawing, pick up materials and start assembling the canopy.

Drawings of trusses from a profile pipe for a canopy should be displayed separately with all the details. It is also worth remembering that minimum slope overhang is 6 degrees, and the optimal value is 8 degrees. Too little slope will not allow the snow to slide off on its own.

Having finished with the drawings, the appropriate material and its quantity are selected. The calculation must be carried out accurately, and before purchasing it is worth adding about 5% of the tolerance - during work, small losses very often occur, and marriage is not uncommon. According to similar calculations, it is possible to make a garage frame from a profile pipe, which is quite in demand.

Creating a canopy from a profile pipe

The design of the canopy is not particularly difficult. If the drawing of the canopy and the materials necessary for its assembly are already there, then you can proceed directly to the arrangement of the structure.

The manufacture of a canopy from a profile pipe is carried out according to the following algorithm:

First, a plot for a canopy is marked and prepared. It is necessary to find a place for the foundation pits and dig them, and then fill the bottom of all the pits with rubble. Embedded elements are installed in the pits, after which the foundation is poured with cement mortar.
Square-shaped steel parts are welded to the lower parts of the canopy racks, the size of which matches the dimensions of the embedded parts, as well as the diameter of the bolt holes. When the solution hardens, the poles for the canopy from the profile pipe are screwed to the embedded parts.
The next step is to assemble the frame. The profile pipe at this stage is marked and cut into the necessary pieces, and only after that can the production of trusses from the profile pipe for the canopy be carried out. First, side trusses are fastened with bolts, then frontal lintels, and last, if necessary, diagonal gratings are equipped. The assembled frame is installed on racks and fixed in the chosen way.

Before the installation of the roof, the canopy must be painted or coated with an anti-corrosion compound to prevent possible destruction of the material - during assembly, the base coating is damaged, and as a result, the metal parts lose their resistance to corrosion. In addition, you need to understand that the external processing does not protect the structure from destruction from the inside, so the edges of the pipes must be closed with plugs.

Types of fasteners for canopy elements and their dimensions

To assemble the canopy elements from a profile pipe, different methods can be used:

One of the most common ways to fix canopies from corrugated pipes is a bolted connection. The quality of such a connection is quite high, while it does not differ in complexity. To work, you will need a drill with a drill for metal, as well as bolts or self-tapping screws, the diameter of which depends on the section of the pipe.
Another way in which the elements of the canopy are attached is a welded joint. Welding require certain skills, and equipment will be required more expensive than for bolted connections. However, the result is worth it - welding provides high structural strength without weakening it.
To fix small canopies from pipes with a diameter of up to 25 mm, you can use the crab system, which is a special clamps of various shapes (details: ""). Most often, when installing canopies, T-shaped and X-shaped clamps are used to connect three or four pipes, respectively. To tighten the clamps, bolts with corresponding nuts are required, which often have to be purchased separately. The main disadvantage of crab systems is the ability to assemble the structure only at a 90-degree angle.

The choice of profile pipes for the manufacture of trusses

When selecting pipes for arranging a large-sized canopy from a profile pipe, it is necessary to study the following standards:

SNiP 01.07-85, which describes the relationship between the degree of loads and the weight of the constituent structural elements;
SNiP P-23-81, describing the method of working with steel parts.

You can consider the arrangement of the structure using the example of a wall canopy measuring 4.7x9 m, based on external racks in front and attached to the building at the back. When choosing the angle of inclination, it is best to stop at an 8-degree indicator. By studying the standards, you can find out the level snow load in the region. In this example, a shed roof made of a profile pipe will be subjected to a load of 84 kg / m2.

One 2.2-meter rack from a profile pipe has a weight of about 150 kg, and the degree of load on it is about 1.1 tons. Given the degree of load, you will have to select strong pipes - a standard round profile pipe with 3 mm walls and a diameter of 43 mm will not work here. Minimum dimensions round pipe should be 50 mm (diameter) and 4 mm (wall thickness). If a pipe with a diameter of 45 mm and a wall thickness of 4 mm is used as the material. Using such material, a do-it-yourself gate can be made from a profile pipe, which will be quite reliable and durable.

When choosing trusses, it is worth stopping at a design of two parallel contours with a diagonal lattice. For a truss 40 cm high, you can use a square profile pipe with a diameter of 35 mm and a wall thickness of 4 mm (read also: ""). For the manufacture of diagonal gratings, pipes with a diameter of 25 mm and a wall thickness of 3 mm will work well.

Conclusion

Assembling a canopy from a professional pipe with your own hands is not so difficult. For successful work, it is necessary to correctly design the future structure and responsibly approach each stage of the project implementation - and then the result will be robust design that can last for many years.