How to install an outdoor toilet. We build a toilet in the country: a step-by-step instruction for the construction of a toilet such as Birdhouse and Hut. Country toilet - cleaning the cesspool

The first priority is the construction of a toilet. The design of this structure is not complicated, but nevertheless, it is necessary to make a schematic drawing of a country toilet in order to avoid undesirable consequences during construction. There are several types of bathrooms for the street, we will consider them in detail. In addition, we will analyze step by step how to build wooden toilet at the cottage with their own hands.

Drawing with the dimensions of the country toilet

Scheme with dimensions and project of a country toilet

The simplicity of the design allows you to equip the toilet in the country with your own hands drawings, and the dimensions of which can be studied in the catalogs of companies or calculated by yourself. Wood is the most popular and affordable material, easy to process and does not require special tools for construction. The structure itself consists of a frame sheathed with a board and covered with roofing material.
simply, for this you do not need to make complex calculations, it is enough to know the standard dimensions, study the construction instructions, prepare the material and tools and start rebuilding the bathroom.

Scheme and project of a wooden toilet for a summer residence

Ready assembled wooden toilet in the country



Simple design of a country toilet
It is worth noting that building a house is half the battle, the second half is to create a special tank for waste disposal. There are several categories of toilets that differ in the principle of recycling.

play closet

In this type of toilets, only the lower part of the toilet bowl is installed, with a technological slope of the floor towards the disposal tank. Thanks to him, the residues flow in on their own. The waste container itself is arranged behind the booth, and is emptied as it fills up.

Schematic device backlash closet

Drawing backlash of a closet for a summer residence or at home


This design is good in that it can be installed indoors by creating, and the waste collector can be dug out outside the house. To do this, attach to the toilet polypropylene pipe diameter 100-150 mm.

In this situation, it is not necessary to mount an expensive full-fledged communication.

The names of the elements of the backlash of the closet

Important! When arranging a country backlash-closet with the removal of the pit outside the house, there will be no extraneous odors in the bathroom.
It is worth taking a responsible attitude to the arrangement of the tank for residues, it is insulated with high quality, covered with a sealed lid and competent.

The process of building backlash closet in the country


The disadvantage of such a toilet is that during its arrangement it will be necessary to violate the integrity of the wall.

Powder closet

The most simple design And . For its construction, it is enough to dig a hole, which will serve as a waste collector, over which. To prevent odor, waste should be poured after going to the toilet. Sawdust, peat are used as powder.

Dimensional drawing of the closet powder device

Closet powder project in the country


It is not necessary to build a toilet in the country with your own hands; you can make a simple schematic sketch to understand the idea of ​​​​the stages of work. When buying a similar design in a store, a container with bio-powder is included in the bathroom kit. Using it is simple, just put a bucket of sawdust or peat and use a powder scoop.

The process of building toilet powders at their summer cottage




The advantage of these toilets is the use of waste as fertilizer. When filling the pit, the structure is transferred, and the reservoir is covered with earth, leaving it until humus is obtained.
Minus the soil will be polluted by liquid sewage, which is not entirely beneficial. If the bottom waters lie close to the surface, then it is not recommended to install such a building on the site.

Read also

Types of planning of multi-storey buildings

dry closet

This is a toilet, a wooden hutch, equipped with a factory-made storage tank in which waste is processed by bacteria without air access.
Drawing with dimensions for installing a dry closet in the country




Bacteria are poured into the accumulator along with the preparation of biological origin. It is purchased separately from a specialized store. Waste is quickly recycled, it is often not necessary to clean the container, the waste may be immediately applied as a fertilizer for the site.

Cabin with cesspool

Very often they create a similar design in the country. The principle of its construction is that a waste pit is built directly under the house.

Toilet project with a cesspool in the country




This is not a very comfortable building, but the simplicity of the design and small financial investments in construction make this model in demand and popular.

No one will argue that such a primitive building as a country toilet is one of the main structures, the construction of which is started in the first place. Agree that on suburban area can do without country house, gazebos or fences, but without a toilet in the country - no way. A self-built country toilet will provide minimal comfort, which will allow you to fully relax and work.

Before starting excavation work, it is necessary to study the sanitary and hygienic requirements and, in accordance with them, choose the installation site.

Features of country toilets

Installing a toilet in the country is not difficult, while it is quite possible to do it yourself without resorting to outside help. It is important to take into account some features of such construction:

• Mandatory compliance of the installation site with sanitary and hygienic requirements presented to cesspools;
• It is impossible to allow a do-it-yourself country toilet to create inconvenience to neighbors ;
• At the start of construction, it must be a method of emptying the cesspool is provided ;
• The choice of toilet design directly depends on the water horizon of the site. With low placement ground water the cesspool should only be of an airtight type .

Following our instructions, you will not only be able to properly build a country toilet with your own hands, but also save yourself from the problems associated with its operation.

Varieties of toilets for summer cottages

In the country, you can build one of several designs of toilets. The selection criteria can be both the height of the water horizon and the frequency of use of the closet, as well as the amount of financial costs that are planned for its construction and maintenance.

All existing outdoor latrines can be classified according to the way waste is disposed of. Consider some of the most popular designs.

Toilets with cesspools for summer cottages

This is perhaps one of the most popular designs in rural courtyards and summer cottages. It is not difficult to build a cesspool-type toilet with your own hands in the country, because the sewerage system is an ordinary deep pit, in which liquid residues evaporate or soak into the ground.

The depth of the pit directly affects the frequency of its cleaning, so it is not often necessary to rake out the garbage. Most often, the hole is simply covered with soil, digging a new one next to it. An elevated structure can be anything - you can build a country toilet with your own hands from boards, bricks, slate sheets or metal profiles. The main thing is that the necessary strength of the frame is provided and ventilation is present.

1. Wooden toilet. The choice of such a design is justified both by the simplicity of construction and its low cost. Agree, you can build a wooden toilet with your own hands with minimal skills. A wooden structure is often stylized as a fabulous house, having received not only a functional, but also an aesthetic structure. Often, not boards, but clapboards are used for sheathing the frame. Such a do-it-yourself country toilet also looks stylish, as evidenced by the numerous photos posted on the network. The most important advantage wooden building is that when the hole is filled, it is dug in another place, and the house is transferred.

1. Toilet from metal profile sheets. There are two ways to install such a structure. The first one uses wooden frame, and in the second - a base welded from profile metal pipes. Then the base is sheathed with slate sheets using self-tapping screws or rivets. It is not difficult to build a toilet from profile sheets with your own hands, but this design gets very hot in the summer in the country. It is best to install a metal closet in a permanently shaded place and sheathe it from the inside with polystyrene foam sheets.

1. Brick toilet. Before you build a brick toilet in the country with your own hands, inspect the site well, study existing projects, watch the video. It will not be possible to transfer such a structure to a new place, so it is necessary to provide a way to clean the cesspool. When constructing a brick building, do not forget about the need to install a concrete floor.

play closet

This type of toilet resembles the design described above. Its feature is the device of the cesspool. Most often her walls and bottom are sealed so that during filling it was possible to pump out waste with a sewage machine. Equipping this toilet in the country with their own hands, they dig elongated pit, for the possibility of unobstructed installation of the vacuum hoses. A huge disadvantage of backlash closets is the impossibility of cleaning them in the winter. therefore, if necessary, install a pit heating system.

Powder closet

This toilet has a small (maximum 20 litres) waste container installed under the high chair. After coping with natural needs, the waste is covered with ash, sawdust or peat. To do this, a box with these bulk materials. If you are interested in the question of how to make a toilet in the country, remember the disadvantages of powder closets: pour the contents of the sewer tank into compost pit- not the most pleasant procedure. We will not be silent about the huge advantage of such a closet - with proper ventilation, it can be placed even in a country house.

Peat toilet for a summer residence

The peat toilet is a more advanced powder-closet design. The peculiarity of the device is that there is no need for an additional box with peat - it is poured directly inside. Having visited the peat toilet, the waste is “powdered”, and after filling the sewer tank, it is taken out and taken out.

Choosing the location of the toilet

To build a toilet in the country with your own hands will help our recommendations regarding the choice of a place for future construction:

• If you are planning a building equipped with cesspool, then be sure to consider the need for an access road for a sewage truck;
• The distance from the toilet to the place of water intake should not exceed the sanitary norm of 25 meters, the distance to nearby buildings should be more than 5 meters, and to the border of the site - 1 meter.
• Be sure to study the wind rose map and consider their direction.
• The door of the toilet should open in the direction opposite to the nearest boundary of the site.

In addition, do not install the toilet in very remote places and do not obstruct access routes. Provide free access to the facility.

We build a country toilet of the Birdhouse type with our own hands

The "birdhouse" is a wooden sheathed with any available material, with one or gable roof. Such a toilet is installed in combination with a cesspool. By equipping a country toilet of this type with your own hands, you can use ready-made drawings or create an individual project.

As standard project you can take the following dimensions for the Birdhouse toilet with a pitched roof:

1. rear wall height - 2 m,
2. front - 2.30 m
3. with a width of at least 1 m.

The dimensions of the base are not less than 1x1m. Installing a wooden toilet with your own hands is a must control of horizontal and vertical surfaces using the building level.

So, we are building the Birdhouse toilet. For work you will need :

• Concrete border 2 m long - 2 pcs. or sand-cement blocks - 4 pcs.
• Ruberoid - 2 m2.
• Sand.
• Edged board: 6000x100x50mm - 3 pcs., 6000x100x50mm - 1 pc., 6000x90x32mm - 3 pcs.
• Lining 3000x87mm - 40 pcs.
• Wooden beam 6000x50x50 - 1 pc.
• Sheet steel profile galvanized 1520x2000x0.4mm - 1 pc.
• Door block 900x2000mm
• Door hinges, latch, handle, nails, self-tapping screws.
• Paint or varnish.

Let's describe toilet building process in the country with their own hands in stages:

1. Digging a cesspool not less than 1x1x2 m in size. Remember that the dimensions of the toilet that you plan to install in the country with your own hands are predetermined by the dimensions of the pit. At the bottom of the pit we pour a layer broken brick or rubble.

1. As a foundation for a house we install a concrete curb at a distance of no more than 20 cm from the edges of the pit as a ceiling. To do this, we dig it in so that the height of the concrete base above the ground is no more than 10-15 cm. Instead of a curb, you can dig four blocks of sand-cement mortar, on which we subsequently install the frame.

1. Laying on a concrete curb roofing material in 3-4 layers as a moisture insulator.
2. Building a wooden frame and sheathe it with boards, lining, etc. The floor of the toilet must be laid with a board with a thickness of at least 40mm. It is better to use hardwoods - oak, beech, larch and others.

1. Cutting a hole in the floor up to 30 cm across. The shape of the "point" can be arbitrary: oval, heart, rhombus, circle, etc.

1. We install the door and cut out a window of any shape in it for the passage of light.
2. The roof of the house is covered with roofing material, asbestos-cement or profiled steel sheet.

1. We paint the structure oil paint or varnish.

When equipping wooden country toilets with your own hands, do not forget to install the simplest ventilation. Its purpose is to divert air from the pit into the atmosphere. To do this, you can take any pipe with a diameter of at least 100 mm. Then, a hole of the required diameter is cut in the roof and podium of the toilet and the pipe is installed at a height of at least 20 cm above the roof. All places where the hood passes are sealed, and a deflector is installed at its end, which will create the necessary traction.

From the inside, the country toilet "Birdhouse" can be done with your own hands sheathe with foam, and in order to beautifully veneer it with suitable material, just watch a video from the network and use ready-made ideas.

We build a toilet of the "Hut" type with our own hands

The "Hut" type toilet, although more difficult to manufacture, looks much more spectacular than the "Birdhouse".

Some craftsmen stylize a country toilet like a fairy-tale house, creating real masterpieces with their own hands. Photos of such buildings from the network amaze the imagination with their thoughtfulness and craftsmanship. Well? Are we building such an original toilet in the country? Then we get down to business and begin to dig a cesspool. Its dimensions can be taken from the previous project. At the corners of the pit, they dig a recess in the ground for the installation of concrete blocks. To control the squareness, not only the distance between the blocks is measured. The diagonals of the base should also be the same.

When installing the foundation, they control the horizontal by placing an even rail on two adjacent blocks, and a building level on top. The height of the concrete base should be no more than 15 cm above the surface of the site.

In order not to miss important little things, install a country toilet with your own hands step by step :

1. Lay any moisture insulator on an impromptu foundation. The roofing material, laid in 2-3 layers, copes well with this function.

1. A frame is assembled from a 50x50mm timber bases measuring 1x1m and board it up with edged boards. On top of this "deck" a floorboard is arranged.

1. Cutting a technological hole in the bottom. You can not be limited to a circle and come up with an interesting shape of a “point”.

1. We cover the wooden base with an antiseptic from all sides. If, when installing a toilet in the country with your own hands, you are not sure of the correctness of your actions, study the instructions in which all processes are described in stages.
2. Using a sketch or drawing, assemble the back and front parts.

1. Sew both parts"Hut" from the inside clapboard.

1. Install the back and front walls on the floor and fasten them with scraps of boards.
2. Nail the batten boards. At the end of the work, they also need to be sheathed.
3. Take boards with a length of at least 1800 mm and, resting them on the back and front of the "Hut", pin them to the rails. Thus, we get the roof of the house.

1. Roofing on our built in the country, you can install a toilet with your own hands, having studied photos of similar structures or making your imagination work. In principle, any material will do, but do we really need banality when we create a house from a fairy tale?
2. Installing a fad, you can decorate it with a suitable figurine.
3. We hang doors, having previously provided them with a handle and a hook. From the outside we nail a spinner of arbitrary shape.

1. Painting the toilet house oil paint or varnish.

When installing a toilet in the country with your own hands, turn on your imagination or watch a video showing a gallery of toilet houses, do not be afraid to experiment. Only in this case you will get an elegant, exclusive structure.

Features of installing a peat toilet

The use of a peat substrate for sprinkling waste is justified for several reasons.

• Firstly, peat perfectly absorbs unpleasant odors.
• Secondly, the increased hygroscopicity of the substrate contributes to increased liquid absorption, which ultimately contributes to an increase in the frequency of cleaning the toilet.
• Thirdly, after direct application, the mixture is used as a fertilizer, since peat is initially rich in bacteria that convert organic waste into compost.

The factory-made peat toilet does not need to be connected to electrical network, water supply and sewerage, so it is a truly autonomous design for a summer residence.

The operation of such a toilet is based on the separation of waste products into solid and liquid fractions. If frequent use of the device is expected, then the removal of the purified liquid fraction is provided by drainage or a special hose. The solid fraction is located in the lower container and, if necessary, can be easily removed, since the container is easily removed and has carrying handles.

The advantage of factory designs is also ease of maintenance - it is enough to remove waste from the storage tank, rinse the container and add the substrate.

Easiest to buy finished device. For those who want to save money, we will tell you how to make a toilet in the country with your own hands. To do this, you will need several boards, a sheet of plywood, nails and screws, as well as a toilet seat. So, we describe step by step, how to build a peat-type country toilet with your own hands :

1. We collect the box, connecting four boards with screws. We make a cutout in the front of the structure for ease of installation of the container.

1. We sew the top side of the box with plywood sheet, after cutting a hole in it for a bucket.
2. We fasten the legs to the corners of the box in such a way that you can easily replace the waste container.

1. We install the structure on the legs and attach a seat to the functional hole (it can be factory made of plastic or wooden).
2. Install a plastic bucket under the hole with a layer of peat previously poured to the bottom up to 5 cm.

1. If you plan to place a peat toilet in open space, then build a house, for example, the same "Hut".

We specifically do not give the dimensions of the toilet, which is designed for do-it-yourself installation in the country. It is so simple that even a schoolboy can repeat the design. Let me just give a few recommendations :

• Stock up on several buckets with lids. This contributes to the convenience of using the toilet.
• Empty the bucket when the waste is no more than a third full.
• Add composting bioaccelerators to peat.
• Use factory filler.
• Dump the removed waste into a compost heap and after the required time you can use it as fertilizer for garden crops.

We hope that our instructions, which describe step by step how to install a country toilet with your own hands, will help you solve one of the primary tasks that arise when developing a suburban area.

This article presents samples of country toilets: drawings of booths, their average sizes, some recommendations for construction. The design can be different: there are rectangular, triangular, diamond-shaped projects. Choose the shape, then the material, and you can start building. There are drawings, the structure is not the most difficult. Just keep in mind that the sizes are given for people of average height and build. They can be easily changed without changing the design too much.

Scheme of a street toilet

The most common variant of a country or garden toilet is a rectangular building. It is also called the "birdhouse" because in the variant with a shed roof it is very reminiscent of it.

The project of a country toilet made of wood such as "Birdhouse" (to increase the size of the picture, click on it with the left mouse button)

In the toilet drawing shown in the photo above, a 40 mm thick board was used for finishing. The construction is quite inexpensive. Doors can be made from the same boards, fastened with planks at the top, bottom and obliquely. Loops can be put external - barn, having issued the structure in a deliberately rough style.

Despite the fact that the building is utilitarian, if desired, it can be given an attractive look and the birdhouse will turn into a quite attractive small building. For example, you can make a small mill out of this building.

Country toilet-mill - a little imagination and an unsightly building becomes a decoration of the site (to increase the size of the picture, click on it with the left mouse button)

The same birdhouse, but from a log house - a completely different look. Everything will look especially harmonious if the building on the site is built (or will be built) also from a log.

Even the simplest log toilet looks almost exotic. Moreover, it can also be used as a winter version (to increase the size of the picture, click on it with the left mouse button)

For regions where wood is a luxury, and it is irrational to spend it on building a toilet, the same structure can be sheathed with other material. For example, the frame is sheathed with any sheet material- plywood, fiberboard, GVL. They can be laid on the outside of the finishing material - tiles or decorative rock. Even more a budget option- sheathed with corrugated board.

A toilet in the country with their own hands is built from any material. This one is made of corrugated board (to increase the size of the picture, click on it with the left mouse button)

This is the type of toilet that is easy to build with bricks. They are usually made in half a brick. There are no difficulties even for an inexperienced bricklayer. Offset masonry, cement-sand mortar.

According to the same project and drawing, you can build a brick toilet (to increase the size of the picture, click on it with the left mouse button)

Toilet type "Shalash" (triangular)

This toilet cubicle has the shape of a triangle. The side walls are also the slope of the roof. You can build such a toilet with your own hands in a few hours. Drawings with approximate dimensions are given in the picture below. It is possible and necessary to make adjustments to them: all dimensions are given for people of average build.

Drawing of a country toilet of the "Hut" type (to increase the size of the picture, click on it with the left mouse button)

If you need wider doors, you can not push the base, which is already considerable in this project, but make doors of a non-standard shape - as in the figure on the right.

Sheathing with finishing materials in the "Shalash" toilets is carried out only in front and behind. On side surfaces lay roofing material. You can use any, but soft tiles or polymer slate look good.

Having drawings, a triangular toilet in the country is easier to build

In the photo on the right, the crate is made under sheet roofing material - they used plastic slate - it is available in different colors, it is relatively inexpensive, it is easy to install - with nails and gaskets.

If you plan to use soft roofing material - roofing material, shingles or something similar, make the crate solid - from a sheet of moisture-resistant plywood, GVL. They are attached to the frame with self-tapping screws, roofing materials are laid on top.

Drawing toilet "Teremok"

This toilet is shaped like a diamond. Compared to the "Shalash", it takes longer to build, but it also looks more decorative. With appropriate design, it will not spoil the landscape at all.

Drawing of the toilet "Teremok" with dimensions (to increase the size of the picture, click on it with the left mouse button)

A diamond-shaped house for a toilet in a summer cottage looks good. Outside, the frame can be upholstered with a round timber of small diameter sawn in half, a lining of large thickness, a block house, an ordinary board. If you use a board, do not nail it end-to-end, but lay it a couple of centimeters on the bottom, like a fir cone. You can, of course, end-to-end, but the appearance will not be the same ...

The second option: the country toilet "Teremok" is made with beveled side walls.

Country toilet "Teremok" - the second project with dimensions (to increase the size of the picture, click on it with the left mouse button)

The main catch in any small wooden toilet is to secure the doors well. door frame- the most loaded part, especially on the side where the doors are attached. To fasten the door pillars to the frame beams, use studs - so the fastening will be reliable.

From this simple, in general, design, you can make a restroom in any style. For example, in Dutch. The finish is simple - light plastic, on top of which characteristic beams are stuffed, stained with stain. Pay attention to the glass inserts and the fact that the roof of this instance is made of polycarbonate. If the polycarbonate is multilayer, it should not be hot)))

You can even turn the Teremok toilet into a royal carriage. This is not a joke… confirmation in the photo. All you need to do is change the shape and add a few decorative elements that are typical for carriages. So you get a toilet in the form of a carriage.

Here are some photos of the manufacturing process. The original has a dry closet, so the construction is simple: there is no need to think ... but you can adapt such a booth to any type ...

Please note that the shape is achieved thanks to the boards set at an angle, and the smoothly tapering bottom is due to the supports cut accordingly.

The floor is sewn up with short boards, then the sheathing starts from the outside. At the top, the carriage also has a smooth bend - cut out the appropriate guides from short boards, nail them to the existing side posts, and you can start the outer wall cladding.

Inside is also sheathed with clapboard. Outside the toilet-carriage is whitewashed, inside the wood has a natural color. After that, decoration and the addition of characteristic details remain - monograms painted with gold, lanterns, “golden” chains, wheels.

"Royal" curtains and flowers))) There is even a washstand and a small sink.

After all the efforts, we have the most unusual toilet in the area. Few can boast of such...

Warm restroom

Using a toilet with a wall in one plank in the summer is quite comfortable. But not all dachas are visited only in the warm season. For the autumn-spring period, at least some kind of insulation is needed, which will block the drafts.

In this case, the design of the toilet is no different. Only increase the dimensions by 5-10 cm more: the sheathing will be double - outside and inside, and insulation is laid between the sheathing. The doors will also need to be insulated - double doors are too heavy for such a building, but from the inside they can be upholstered with a piece of linoleum, dermantin and other well-washable material.

Combined shower-toilet

The second necessary building in the country is a shower. And if so, then why build two separate structures, if they can be built under one roof. Several drawings of country toilets with a shower for self-built published below.

A variant of a combined toilet for giving a shower (to increase the size of the picture, click on it with the left mouse button)

The second project of toilet and shower under one roof.

Appearance and drawing of a toilet and a shower for a summer residence in one building (to increase the size of the picture, click on it with the left mouse button)

View and dimensions of the toilet + shower from the front and side (to increase the size of the picture, click on it with the left mouse button)

As you guessed, the structure is simply doubled in width. If you want, you can create your own project, according to your desires and needs. The drawing of the hozblok with a toilet will be exactly the same. You may need to make one of the rooms a little larger. Just provide for this when planning and manufacturing supports for construction.

Where does the arrangement begin? suburban area? Well, sir, you have questions. From the toilet, of course (option: “Hey, well, you asked! From the push, a no brainer!”). So let's see what you need to know and how to do in order to quickly, without unnecessary hassle and expense, build a toilet in the country. What is it, why is it and why without it there is no way at all - see above. Therefore, we omit the typical preambles.

Trends of the times

The country toilet today is not at all the same as it was 20 or even 10 years ago. And it's not just fashion:

• The environmental situation in general has deteriorated and, accordingly, sanitary requirements toughened up. Traditional solutions do not always fit into them.
• There has been a real revolution in the technology of recycling and neutralization of waste, and many of its achievements are available in everyday life.
• People's demands for quality of life have increased, including not only comfort with ergonomics, but also external design.

Based on this, we will figure out how to build a country toilet with our own hands. With one small caveat: we will only touch on brick and concrete structures in passing: this is already capital construction with all the ensuing requirements. At the summer cottage, it is possible to build a separate warm capital toilet only in exceptional cases due to the small land area. But let's dwell on architectural design the most necessary structure, which is included in the quality of life, and the toilet in this respect is one of the most difficult objects. If not the hardest. However, amenable to decision; for an example, see fig.

Note: toilets from a profiled sheet on a metal frame, frankly, are uncomfortable - in summer it is parko, in the off-season it is cold. Good metal cabins are made mainly of industrial production with insulation and inner lining. Then the production cycle is cheaper than carpentry. If you are still interested in this aspect, then the home-made upper structure will be identical, and the floor with a toilet seat will be described below.

Let's look at how to bring beauty in the end. First you need to deal with the construction, and the design is already tied to it. To build a toilet that is cozy, clean, hygienic and pleasing to the eye, you must first solve other problems:

1. Choose the type of system for draining, draining and utilizing wastewater based on local conditions.
2. Determine the location of the toilet on the site.
3. Choose the type and design solution of the ground structure; simply - cabins or booths.
4. Deal with its decorative design: which of the appropriate in this case will be able to do.
5. Estimate construction costs.

I must say that these problems are closely interconnected and you need to deal with them together. A little aside there is only a booth; it almost does not interact with the underground part and the base. So the toilet cabin can be made, in general, whatever you like, and this is the easiest and cheapest part of the work. Therefore, we will start with it.

Booth

The main material for the construction, as mentioned above, we take a tree. The fact that it is inexpensive, easily processed, keeps heat well, breathes, and after simple processing (see below) remains harmless to humans, but becomes resistant to bad weather and becomes unsuitable for settlement different kind infection is known. However, there are still circumstances due to which a wooden toilet is the best solution for giving.

About foundations and supports

The soil is considered suitable for construction if its bearing capacity without additional measures to strengthen it and the foundation is at least 1.7 kg sq. see Let's translate into square meters; we get 17 tons (!). The area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe toilet cabin in terms of rarely exceeds 2.5-3 square meters. m; hozbloka - 15-20 sq. m. Is it conceivable that they weigh 40-50 and 250-350 tons, respectively?

Go ahead. Soil is considered excessively heaving when it freezes by 12%. We take the thickness of the humus layer, which swells the most, at 50 cm; this is not a cottage, but an eldorado. 50x0.12 \u003d 6 cm. On homogeneous loose soils, a uniformly swelling surface is considered to be one whose horizontal size is equal to 100 absolute values ​​of heaving; in this case - 600 cm or 6 m.

Are there toilets or change houses larger than 6x6 m in plan? We conclude: a toilet in a summer cottage can be built without a foundation. With seasonal ground movements, it will simply rise and fall by less than 10 cm (and most likely by 3-4), without warping at all, which is completely imperceptible.

Moreover, it is not necessary to build a foundation for a toilet: taking into account the allotment of land for a construction site with excavation, at least a hundred square meters is withdrawn from the economic turnover. And if the site is already planted, what to do? And from a construction point of view: an unloaded foundation buried in the ground can warp and tilt more than the soil surface. The reason is the uneven and inhomogeneous freezing of its layers. The foundation tape, piles or pillars feel it, in contrast to the surface, immediately “with the whole body”.

Note: therefore, builders strive to finish the foundations early in order to build as much as possible before the cold weather more walls. An exception is the foundations of a large depth, they can winter without restrictions.

The conclusion “without a foundation” is known to summer residents without calculations with special knowledge. Toilet cabins are placed on bricks or ready-made small reinforced concrete monoliths. However, it would be best to steam the outdoor toilet concrete posts for wallpaper. They are sold not only in the southern regions for vineyards; in colder places they go under hops and other climbing crops.

Tapestry poles are produced with a length of 1.2-6 m, with overall dimensions in plan from 10x12 to 20x30 cm. The cross section is trapezoidal, with rounded corners of the smaller side. And on the larger one - rigging eyes made of wire rod 6-12 mm. Sawed them in the middle with a grinder and carefully unbent, we get the pins for attaching the cabin to the base.

Note: if the toilet is with a cesspool, then the problem of the cabin's rear support beam (wood in a chemically aggressive environment) is not only resolved by itself - it simply does not arise.

In places with strong winds, it is still advisable to make support posts from a 80x80 bar or a 40x40x2 professional pipe under the booth. Metal concrete is concreted about 30 cm deeper than the humus layer, and wooden ones are dug in to the same depth, pre-treated with very hot bitumen and wrapped with roofing material with sprinkling (rough).

Constructions

Materials and upholstery

Cabin lumber is mainly used in 4 types:

• Bar 60x60 or 80x80 - for the frame.
• Grooved board 40x (120-150) - for the floor and toilet seat.
• Edged or tongue-and-groove board 20-30 mm for external cladding.
• Edged or unedged board-twenty or slats 50x20 for roof lathing.

Sheathing board can be replaced with waterproof plywood or OSB 8-20 mm thick. In the latter case, the slats for the crate can be cut into them. It will also only be better from all sides and only a little more expensive if a tongue-and-groove magpie is put on the skin.

Sheathing with a grooved board will show all its advantages if the cabin is sheathed with horizontal belts. But then it is absolutely necessary to orient the crests of the tongues up, and the grooves down, in order to avoid the accumulation of moisture in the tongue. In any case, the door is sheathed vertically.

Curvilinear sections, suddenly such will be required according to the conditions of registration, it is better to sheathe in a marine way with a boat board, see fig. Also, such sheathing will last longer in places with heavy rainfall, but it holds a strong wind a little worse than sheet piling. Having a jigsaw with a swivel shoe, it is easy to make a boat board from a cut one; the angle of inclination of the visor of the board is about 30 degrees. The peaks of the boards should be oriented down the slope, as in fig.

Massive, i.e. from solid wood, after cutting to size, lumber must be treated: without exception, with anti-rot preparations (biocides), and then soaked twice with a water-polymer emulsion; this inexpensive material protects the tree from moisture for many years. It is necessary to impregnate in this sequence, otherwise the PVA film will not let the biocide into the tree! And if it’s necessary, then it will prevent its volatilization and washing out. Details facing the ground or cesspool (for flooring and lining the toilet seat - under the boards) must be additionally treated with hot bitumen or bituminous mastic.

Cabin types

A wooden toilet on the street, according to the type and technology of construction, is carried out in general in 4 architectural forms; see fig.: hut, birdhouse, house, hut.

The difference between them is insignificant, but still there:

1. The hut is structurally simple, durable, resistant to wind and precipitation, the least material-intensive, but takes up more land for itself and is inconvenient: a step to the right, a step to the left - a knock on the head. And for "not knocking" you need to take the height of the ridge up to 3 m or more, so that the savings in materials disappear. The design is most appropriate primitivist-rustic.
2. birdhouse still easier than a hut, it will take no more wood, it takes a minimum of land. But the structure is weak, and the whole structure does not hold heat well and is easier to blow by the wind, this is a common drawback of all buildings with a shed roof. Doesn't suit the design. However, as a summer toilet or a section of a utility block in the backyard behind dense vegetation, a birdhouse toilet is optimal; especially due to the fact that on its roof a solar-heated water pressurized tank is placed without problems. The cabin under load at the same time acquires additional strength.
3. The house is warmer and a little stronger than a birdhouse. Materials and land require the same amount. A water tank is more difficult to attach, but almost any decoration and decoration is acceptable.
4. The hut is more complicated than the others, more material is wasted. Thanks to its faceted shape, it is very durable and can withstand any climatic conditions. Ergonomics and functionality - it can't be better: a shelf and a washstand do not take up floor space, you can also attach a hanger. By design - do everything that is only suitable for a toilet, and by itself fits into any landscape.

About sizes

The recommended sizes of cabins for a birdhouse and a house on the floor, together with a toilet seat, are from 1.2 m wide and from 1.5 m deep. For a hut with a hut, the depth is the same, but the width is taken from 0.9 m - in a hut at shoulder level (this is about 1.6 m from the floor for a person of average height in shoes), and in a hut along the floor. In block Khrushchevs there are toilets 0.7x1.1 m, then they don’t go there in warm outerwear and garden shoe covers.

Note: the width of the toilet of a summer cottage on a weekend can be reduced to 1 m.

In any case, there should be at least 40 cm from the head of a standing person to the nearest wall, this is important when calculating the angle of inclination of the walls of the hut. The height of the ceiling above the floor is not lower than 2.1 m, above the toilet seat - from 1.9 m. The height of the seat side above the floor, also based on heavy shoes, is taken more than the standard for apartment toilet 40 cm by 5-6, up to 10 cm, i.e. 45-50 cm, depending on the height of users.

About door hinges

Cabins, a hut, a birdhouse and a house have a common drawback: if you forget to lock the door, the wind can loosen it together with the booth in just 10-20 minutes. To avoid this, it is advisable to hang the door on barn hinges, as in pos. 1-3 fig. higher. A strong hut is not afraid of this, its door can be safely hung on hidden hinges.

Building a booth

The construction of the simplest birdhouse cabin is illustrated step by step in Fig; the entire installation is carried out on nails 100 mm (for 60 mm timber) or 150 mm, for timber 80x80. Sheathing is carried out on nails 60-70 mm. The build order is:

1. The bearing belt, or corner slabs / columns are covered with a simple, without sprinkling, roofing material in 2 layers;
2. Immediately (an inexpensive roofing material that is not stabilized to UV in the light quickly deteriorates), the lower support frame is assembled from a bar. Don't forget to edit!
3. Lay the floor to the front edge of the toilet seat. On the rest of the frame, a board of the same thickness as for the floor is stuffed. Also do not forget to process, especially from the underside;
4. Prepare the front (large) and rear frames. Joints cut into half a tree;
5. The front frame and the backdrop are nailed to the bottom and tied with couplers cut into a quarter;
6. The frame of the toilet seat is made in the same way;
7. Sheathe the toilet seat, cut out the seat window (a point is a completely legal technical term) and sheathe the walls;
8. Assemble the roof sheathing;
9. They lay a roof (any hard roofing material), cut out an ace, hang a door (see below about it), sheathe the corners - you're done! Whoever is more impatient there, you can already!

The described method is far from the only acceptable one. The construction of a toilet booth is possible in other ways. For example, see a rather detailed video:

Video: do-it-yourself toilet in the country

What is a toilet ace?

This is the same figured window above the door or in its canvas. Its symbolism is now forgotten, but in the sanctimonious Middle Ages it was quite definite. The heart is not really a call for sex in a latrine, but an ace of hearts. It meant that this latrine was publicly available. Diamond - only for the fair sex! In the old days, ladies had the right to use any free cabin, and gentlemen - only for them.

There was no smell of feminism or even equality here: the same gentlemen bluntly put on chastity belts (a monstrous device in their unsanitary conditions) on those to whom they sang romances, and killing a wife for adultery was not considered a crime. Gallantry is gallantry, but take out the right of the strong and put it down! The clubs and aces of spades were not used: the churchmen and the military would be offended. In the days of the Inquisition, who knows what was even more fraught ... A nobleman would quickly stab or hack to death, and the holy fathers could send him to the stake.

More cabins

The second most demanded of the toilet cabins is the hut. Since its structure is more complicated, we give finished project with the cutting of boards and the calculation of material consumption, see fig. Pay attention to the door: its canvas with such a system of power connections will withstand any wind and is suitable for any toilet. It is possible that the unlocked door, forgotten on weekdays, will be torn off, but the canvas will not loosen and the repair will be reduced to rehanging.

On fig. below are, for example, less detailed drawings of another birdhouse, a hut and a house. If you figure out how to build a hut, then further explanations will not be needed for them.

About the toilet in the garden

For a number of reasons, which will be discussed in more detail at the end of the article, it is advisable to build a toilet on the site, especially a hut and a house, among the trees. However, the construction of a garden toilet has some peculiarities. They are not big enough to linger on their description, so we just offer a video:

Video: building a garden toilet

Hozbloki

In dachas, it is customary to combine a toilet, shower, barn; perhaps - a summer kitchen and a shelter from the weather (if there is no house yet or a commodity cottage, where squares of land give money) in one block. At least from the point of view of the biochemistry of wastewater, this is justified: in the dacha, the share of gray water (drainage from the shower and from the kitchen) is much less relative to fecal water than in a residential building, and the volume of flow is small, so it makes little sense to think about their separate treatment. It is more profitable to process a cesspool (the hozblok allows only this option for waste disposal) universal means. Therefore, let's see how it would be more capable to make a hozblok with a shower and a toilet for a summer residence.

Plan of the hozblok "Cheburashka"

On fig. above - a variant invented spontaneously and popularly under Khrushchev, later nicknamed "Cheburashka". Kits of parts for its assembly under the same name are still sold today. Feature - extreme simplicity, low cost and sufficient functionality with a minimum of occupied space. support poles(bar 100x100 or professional pipe 40x40x2) are dug in or concreted directly into the ground. Sheathed once with slate; now - professional sheet.

On the trail. rice. - 2 plans for household blocks are more complicated. Their larger premises can be used not only as a warehouse / barn, but also as a change house "from bad weather" with a kitchen; the presence of a window, its area and dimensions make it possible to put a trestle bed and a table with a stove, and wood paneling warm enough. It pays off with a larger occupied area and the fact that the entrance to the toilet with a shower is only from the street, there is no longer a place for a dressing room.

Finally, in fig. on the right - a utility block for construction in the corner of the site, with an open summer washbasin. The peculiarity is compactness and very tiny dimensions: the structure is brick, but if, with the same dimensions of the premises, it is made of wood, the dimensions in the plan are reduced to 2x2 m.

About the cesspool

We will talk more about cesspools, tricks in their construction and ways to do without a cesspool at all below; in general.

In the meantime - see the diagram in the figure, suitable for a yard toilet and a utility block. Pay attention to the reflector 1, it is absolutely necessary for the toilet, because. directs the discarded faeces to the front of the pit. Then they slowly slide into a pocket for pumping out, being processed by bacteria along the way. Without a reflector, the entire biocenosis in the pit will be confused, and approximately twice its volume will be needed. Gray drains are discharged into a pit without a reflector, but also into the front. A blind concrete box 4 and a clay castle 3 in the country house are also absolutely necessary to prevent infiltration into the soil, and the purpose of the inspection and cleaning door 2 does not require explanation.

How about at home?

It is understandable, recovering in warmth - in goodness is not only more comfortable, but also healthier. However, it is quite possible to arrange a country toilet in the house, but before a number of problems will need to be addressed.

The first is a cesspool. It is unrealistic to divert wastewater into a well with infiltration into the ground; according to the current sanitary rules, then you will need to maintain distances:

• At least 30 m from water supply sources, and with normal geology in the middle lane - 50-80 m.
• From stagnant water bodies and plantings of food crops - from 30 m.
• From rivers and streams - from 15 m.
• From buildings and roads - at least 5 m.
• From non-fruit trees, bushes and the border of the site - from 2 m.

All this applies not only to their own, but also to neighboring facilities that are prone to pollution. Neighborhood even more, tk. in the event of a conflict, the whole truth according to the law will be on their side. That is, a home-country toilet must be built with a cesspool of a deaf type, which requires periodic pumping. It must be said that with modern means for cesspools, it can be solved: a sanitation service outside the city has to be called no more than once a quarter, and there is always time to cooperate with neighbors in this regard.

Note: craftsmen-dacha residents did not ignore the cesspools. For example, how to make a cesspool that is feasible for self-construction, that does not cause indignation of neighbors and subsequently suitable for legalization (dacha amnesty will not last a century), see the video below:

Video: do-it-yourself cesspool

The second problem is the smell. It is impossible to put a flush toilet with a water seal (siphon) over a cesspool even in a country house with excess and completely free water supply: excess moisture will destroy the bacteria in the pit, and not a planned pumping out will be needed, but emergency cleaning, with payment, except for a sanitary tank, for the work of a plumber team on the road .

Toilets with a cesspool are made backlash closets; simply - with a push in the form of a funnel with a lid. But the backlash-closet does not exclude the penetration of odors into the room, if only due to jumps in draft in the ventilation and blowing it with the wind. Therefore, the cesspool of a home toilet must be ventilated not with an ordinary fan pipe, but with a breather - ventilation with forced draft, which creates a pressure below atmospheric in the pit.

Putting a fan on the breather broach is a disastrous business. Household in an aggressive environment will not last long; a very expensive special one (it must be, among other things, also explosion-proof) will have to be cleaned often, and what it grows there, it’s better not to see it, let alone smell it or touch it.

It is quite easy to arrange a toilet in country house with heating; options for furnace and boiler see fig. A backlash channel with thermogradient thrust is made under the breather. In order for it to work even in the warm season, when they do not heat, the breather pipe (it must protrude at least 70 cm above the mouth of the chimney and the ridge of the roof) is made of metal and painted black, then the Sun will warm up.

However, there is also an option for seasonal cottages without heating. Recall that in the first brick Khrushchev houses, rather rough faience toilet bowls were washed clean, and many did not even keep a ruff on the farm. Why? flush tank suspended from a ceiling 2.8 m high; for descent, a pear on a chain hung from it. In total, the pressure was over 2 m. A strong jet with a terrible noise demolished everything at once into the outlet.

Noise during the descent was not the last circumstance that gave rise to compact toilets. But in a classic sink with a tub, a weak jet could not wash anything at all. Then they came up with toilets with an oblique descent, see fig. on right. True, you can’t take a closer look at them - and what kind of chair I have now - and you can’t do without a ruff, but even a weak stream washes off acceptable.

The author, faced several years ago with the need to remake a country toilet, thought: it would not hurt to put something with a siphon so that it never stinks at all. The oblique unique is washed off quite cleanly with a weak stream, but what if you give it a strong one, as in Khrushchev's? Less water consumption with the same flush quality.

At first I wanted to buy a cheap compact with a tank without a dispenser ( water is coming while the button is pressed) and raise it higher, but then I thought: why? It is inconvenient to stretch, water is supplied according to the schedule, therefore, a pressure-storage tank is also needed. In the end, I took one sink with a downward outlet, right into the pit. Hung under the ceiling plastic barrel 50 l, and water was supplied for flushing in two segments plastic corrugation through a ball valve with a handle to open sharper.

The result exceeded all expectations: it takes up to 3 liters of water to flush. From a 50-liter tank - 15-25 flushes per day, enough for four. The cleaning community in the pit is thriving.

Note: any of the cabins described above will withstand a 200-liter barrel under the ceiling, but it is not necessary. Users will get a taste, the pit will turn sour from excess moisture and begin to instantly overflow.

And without a pit?

Since there are such difficulties with the cesspool, is it possible to somehow make a latrine without a cesspool? It is possible and they do. Dry closets. But, firstly, any bio sewage, because. Bacteria, natural or artificial, are used to treat wastewater. Secondly, a toilet that is bio may not be bio at all. So let's understand better how it is possible to receive and process wastewater in the country without any, i.e. make a stand-alone toilet.

Autonomous public spaces are divided primarily into chemical and biological. They can be both, depending on which cartridge is connected, see below. In chemical effluents, they are processed with strong inorganic oxidizing agents or organic reagents of abiogenic origin (formalin, etc.). “Chemists” are expensive, their absorption and throughput capacity is high. The content of the spent cartridge is very toxic, its refilling and disposal is possible only by certified specialists using special equipment using protective equipment, so chemical toilets are rarely used in everyday life.

It is customary to call dry closets those in which the biocenosis of bacteria processing wastewater does not arise spontaneously, but is created by a specially sown culture. From this point of view, a deaf cesspool, processed by modern septic tanks, is also a dry closet, but we will consider options without the accumulation of liquefied sewage and not requiring pumping

The oldest species that has successfully survived to this day is a peat toilet with its kind of powder closet, this is not the same thing. Both use natural bacteria from peat bogs; conditions deep in a peat bog are very similar to those in a cesspool. Peat bacteria are inactive: they work slowly, they process effluents, based on the net volume of the culture, there is little. But they are exceptionally resilient, they easily “fall asleep” and, when attacked, favorable conditions are awakening.

In a simple, or composting, peat closet (on the left in the figure), a 40-200 l collection container with stone drainage is placed under the backlash closet - it will absorb excess moisture, and then gradually give it away - and a breather that sucks out harmful gases. Without one or the other, a stable culture will not arise, it will either dry up and fall asleep, or turn sour and die, or get poisoned and also die.

Using a composting peat closet is simple: after sitting, peat crumbs are poured into the funnel. The collection is periodically shaken out on a compost heap, after aging for 2-3 years, the fermented and disinfected compost is suitable for fertilizer. But a composting toilet, firstly, does not guarantee against smell, and secondly, like a powder closet, see below, it cannot withstand overloads: suddenly a company showed up at the dacha to eat tightly with beer, the stench and the need for a complete cleaning with refueling are guaranteed.

"Pudrum" means dust. This word and its derivatives with different prefixes in the Romano-Germanic languages ​​are generally called any powders. For example, in English gunpowder means black powder, and baby powder means baby powder for scuffs. An excerpt from J. Durrell's book My Family and Other Animals will help you understand what a powder closet is. Anyone who has read Darrell (Gerald, not his older brother Lawrence) knows that the famous naturalist is also an extraordinary writer.

So, the “absurd family” of the Durrells, in the author’s own words, decided “to improve their health” to live for a long time on the island of Corfu, now Kerkyra. While we were looking for a house for permanent housing, we stopped at a hotel. Next - see the scan from the printed text.

The box that Geralda's sister did find in her room, she must have pulled out of the powder closet. The first devices of this kind were used as chamber pots and filled with peat dust. In the form of a bucket with peat crumbs under a toilet seat, they came to us in the middle latitudes, because. a real closet powder is effective at an average daily temperature above 23 degrees, and a bucket of crumbs needs to be emptied one way or another every day or more often.

A box of a real powder-closet with a capacity of 30, and preferably from 50 liters (in the center in the figure above) is filled with pressed peat plates tightly laid vertically. In places where peat is not available and it is expensive, special paper impregnated with peat extract is used, dense and durable, but highly porous, the so-called. kraft paper. It was this kind of closet powder that the civilized, without prejudice, but not very knowledgeable Margot Durrell encountered. However, she was then in a transitional age, and, having matured, she helped her brother a lot in his useful work.

Peat toilets are sold ready-made. Stationary ones (on the right in the figure above) can be used both as a powder closet and as a bio-toilet on artificial cultures: the drawer accommodates both a peat container and replaceable bacterial cartridges. No preparation for installation is required, the booth is simply placed where necessary. One filling with peat filler is enough for 2-3 people for 3-4 days, and with breaks for 5 days, at a weekend cottage, for 1-3 months.

Composting toilet seats are also on sale, but here you need to look both ways. First, all sorts of environmental, and in fact fraudulent societies produce products like "super-duper-eco-plus XXX" like the one on the left in Fig. They are eco-certified. But in fact it turns out that the peat dispenser needs to be filled with special granules, very expensive, otherwise it breaks right away. They do it themselves or their accomplices. A sort of outhouse Herbalife or Nature's Sushine. In general, network marketing as it is.

Sometimes, perhaps, simply out of incomprehension, under the guise of peat toilets, they sell toilet seats with a swivel cassette for special bacterial cartridges, on the right in fig. Peat can be filled in them, and you can also relieve yourself there. But if the cartridge is just changing, then how can you clean it on peat?

Autonomous toilets on microflora use highly effective bacteria obtained by genetic engineering. For humans, they are harmless and safe, proven by many years of experience, since the 80s. The culture cartridge changes on its own (the procedure is no dirtier than changing diapers), but the contents are unsuitable for fertilizer and must be recycled. To give a day off, 1 cassette is enough for the summer, for a seasonal one you will need 2-3 replacements. However, here, too, you need to choose carefully. No cheating, just all sorts of varieties.

For example, it makes no sense to take a very expensive public booth, pos. 1 in fig. at the bottom. Yes, it is warm, anti-vandal, it is able to accept a lot. But - the shelf life of any bacterial cartridge is limited, regardless of the nature of use. Culture degrades long before you use up its absorption capacity, and the cost of replacing a cassette is not small.

The second pitfall is artisanal cheap stuff, pos. 2. They take an “alternative” bio-toilet bowl (see below) cheaper, build a booth around it. Then - rapid degradation, smell, changing the cartridge for your own. The miser pays twice, as always. If we take a one-piece dry closet, then it is a country-household one, pos. 3. These are cheaper due to a smaller resource for drains, it is designed for a family.

The same applies to the bio-toilets themselves. High-capacity public, able to work on both microflora and chemistry, pos. 4, are expensive and include everything that has been said about ready-made dry closets. There are special country bio-toilets on sale, pos. 5, cheaper and designed for families. But it’s not water that can be poured into their tank (it immediately deteriorates), but a special liquid supplied to the flush literally in drops, so you need to find out how it is washed off and how much the flush costs.

Bucket toilets for summer cottages (pos. 6) come with replaceable cartridges designed for 3-5 people and 2-5 days; this is not the worst option for giving a weekend. But there are also conditionally disposable chemical ones, they are intended for traveling work, various kinds of field trips, etc. As a rule, they are rented, and when the absorber is depleted or when they return home, they are given for refueling.

Another “bio-dachny” option is a toilet bowl with a separate cartridge, pos. 7. Much cheaper than a finished toilet. Having made the cabin to your liking or buying it separately, you can get a completely hygienic room that everyone needs, pos. 8. For a dacha, this is perhaps the best option today: the cost of a toilet bowl and changing cartridges for a long time is less than a zero cycle and a cesspool for a booth.

Note: Nevertheless, a significant circumstance prevents the widespread use of dry closets - bacteria designed for small cartridges are unable to accept gray waste. Therefore, for a dacha inhabited from spring to autumn, it is still better to recommend a deaf cesspool, treated with bacteria that are not so effective and require more living space, but are omnivores.

And about design

The fact that the design follows from the functionality and should not go to the detriment of it is an elementary truth. However, the functionality of the toilet is unsightly, and this is not a complex. All living things are vulnerable when performing natural needs. Shame is just a manifestation of the instinct of self-preservation. The reproductive instinct may overpower him, but urination and defecation are not intercourse. Therefore, in the design of the toilet, you need to know very well and carefully observe the measure.

For example, you don’t need to force the toilet to repeat: “No, I’m not a toilet!”, As in pos. 1-3 fig. It's clumsily done or with high skill, it doesn't matter. You get something like an excuse for a certain character: “Boss, I didn’t steal a green crocodile lop with 185 bucks and 50 cents and a photo of a 30-year-old blonde with a school-age boy!” What followed: “And I, you sloppy cormorant, did I tell you which wallet was stolen?” Since the cabin is striking, what a secrecy of departure.

Pos. 4-6 illustrate a generally legitimate approach - disguise. We will modestly keep silent about our essence, and whoever needs it will show it or find it on its own. There is scope for design delights, but only with great experience, taste and ability to work. Otherwise, something like pos. 7-9, at the sight of which both the designer and the psychiatrist agree on one thing: this is not design.

When designing a toilet, it is best to remember: what is natural is not ugly, even if it cannot be flaunted. Specifically, natural disguise for this need: vegetation, stone, pos. 10-12. Rustic primitivism and phytodesign are by no means at enmity, pos. 11. But since the booth is larger than a person and the view from it is worse, it is advisable to place a booth of simple natural forms among the trees, pos. 10. Or, as usual in bushes, hide among small phytoforms so that it is not visible, pos. 12. In this case, this is the most natural and, therefore, the best technique. And the most hygienic.

The arrangement of a country toilet is a primary problem in the development of an acquired suburban area.

Overall dimensions of a country toilet can be different.

They directly depend on several main factors, including location, design features and interior design options.

As a rule, the construction of a country toilet is planned on the street, where it is not difficult to build a similar type of structure on your own, but you must take into account a number of nuances that allow you to choose the right place for installing such a structure.

Namely:

• Unsuccessful is the decision to allocate a place for the installation of a toilet in the central part of the local area, directly on the line of demarcation with the neighboring site. In this case, the discomfort country rest or permanent residence will be provided not only to the owners of the dacha, but also to the neighbors.
• The best option for construction would be the corner of the suburban area, with a distance of at least one meter from the rear and side demarcation lines.

The choice of a place for the location of a country toilet must necessarily be based not only on the convenience of operating such a building, but also take into account the established sanitary and hygienic requirements for such buildings. Sanitary standards regulated by SanPiN No. 42-128-4690-88.

In accordance with the current planning and development rules for the territories of garden and summer cottages, as well as settlements, the distance from the toilet cesspool to household and residential buildings should be at least 10-12 m, and to a stationary source of water intake, including drinking wells - not less than 25 m.

Toilet at the dacha

An exception can be made for areas and settlements with already established buildings, where it is not possible to comply with the established standards for the arrangement of street toilets. In this case, the distance to the building is set by the commission method.

The optimal location of the booth is a meter from the fence, about 12-13 m from basement or cellars, about 4 m from fruit plantations and one and a half meters from shrubs. If a sealed septic tank is performed with the need for periodic pumping of sewage, then an unobstructed access to the sewer machine is provided.

When choosing a place for installation, it is very important to correctly determine the wind rose, which will not allow the building to bother the owners of the household with sewer odors, regardless of the time of year and weather conditions.

Dimensions of a country toilet

In order to correctly determine the size of the toilet in the country, you need to choose the type of construction of such a structure, which can be represented:

• the simplest and most common option, well known as the "village" toilet with a traditional pit latrine;
• toilet house of the "backlash-closet" type, which provides for the arrangement of a cesspool tank with full waterproofing, which prevents sewage and waste products from entering the soil or groundwater;
• country toilet of the “powder-closet” type or dry closet, installed inside a self-built wooden house.

Schematic diagram of the backlash of the closet

The permissible dimensions of the "house" on the floor, taking into account the toilet seat, are considered to be one and a half meters deep and approximately 1.2 m or more wide. The construction of a country toilet such as a "hut" or "hut" involves one and a half meters deep and about 90-100 cm wide. In accordance with the rules, at least 35-40 cm should remain from the user's head in a standing position to the wall, which must be taken into account when calculating the angle of inclination of the hut walls.

As practice shows, optimal height from floor to ceiling is 2.0-2.1 m, and approximately 1.90-1.95 above the toilet seat. Convenient indicators are the height of the side of the toilet seat from the floor at the level of half a meter.

Compared with the "birdhouse" and "hut" models, as well as the "house", the construction of an outdoor country toilet called "hut" does not threaten loosening, which is due to its design features.

Schemes and drawings

Creating a schematic drawing of a building is one of the most milestones, allowing not only to correctly erect the structure, but also to correctly calculate the amount of everything building material necessary for the manufacture of a country toilet.

Drawing country toilet Teremok

Scheme of a rectangular street toilet

The main task of the drawing-project of the country street toilet being created is to detail the structure, indicating the size, shape and type of the building being built.

You can develop a schematic drawing of the building yourself or take as a basis a ready-made detailing of the design of an outdoor toilet from the Internet.

Cesspool device

On sandy or sandy loamy soil types, with groundwater at a level of less than 2.5 m, it is advisable to construct a cesspool without a bottom according to the following technology:

• digging a pit with a spread of the top layer of soil over the site. Approximately one and a half cubic meters of soil should be left for arranging thermal insulation above the ceiling;
• construction of walls with simultaneous laying of pipes. The walls are made with brickwork or using concrete rings, and the pipe system is inclined, which prevents stagnant processes;
• after the installation of elements represented by pipes, rings and covers, hatches are installed.

Arrangement of a cesspool without a bottom and with a bottom

The fundamental difference is a sealed cesspool, into which the flow of wastewater is determined by the presence of a special pipeline. In this case wastewater are regularly pumped out by a sewage machine. The storage tank can be presented sealed concrete well or a plastic factory container in the form of a voluminous Eurocube.

A prerequisite for the trouble-free operation of such a pit is the installation of a ventilation outlet with a diameter of at least 10 cm, rising above the surface by about 70-80 cm.

Particular attention is required to the laying of a sewer pipeline, which must be available for repair and maintenance during operation.

Building a toilet house: step by step

The simplest, most common and affordable option is the traditional wooden outdoor latrine. Such a design can be easily transferred to a new location if necessary.

For sheathing the erected frame, boards, lining, chipboard sheets or sheet plywood are used. The most common option would be a closet made of plank boards.

Outdoor toilet house

Especially popular with summer residents is the simple wooden model"birdhouse" with a shed roof, having a rear wall height of 200 cm, a front wall of 230 cm and a width of at least 100 cm. Standard size base is 100x100 cm.

During installation, horizontal and vertical surfaces are necessarily controlled by means of a building level.

The technology of building an outdoor toilet in the country in stages:

• installation as a foundation base of a concrete curb with a distance of approximately 18-20 cm from the edges of the cesspool;
• laying on a concrete curb waterproofing in three or four layers of roofing material;
• construction of a wooden frame base;
• frame sheathing.

The most common version of outdoor toilets in the country and in a private house is a wooden toilet. can be erected quickly and easily, this explains the popularity of just such a design.

You can read about how to build and equip a two-room country house with a toilet and a shower.

At the final stage, a toilet hole is cut out up to 28-30 cm in diameter, and a door is also installed. Roofing material, slate or profiled steel sheet can be used as a roofing material.

At self-arrangement wooden country toilet should not be neglected the installation of the simplest ventilation, the purpose of which is to remove air from the cesspool to the atmosphere. Wooden structure can be painted or varnished, which will make it durable and attractive in appearance.

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