During a volcanic eruption, ash clouds are thrown into the air, and lava flows along the slopes. This is a very exciting sight, it is life-threatening to watch it in close proximity.
But you can make a volcano at home and conduct experiments daily, admiring the eruption without a threat to life and health. By showing an active volcano to your friends, you will surprise them. You can prepare a presentation for a school lesson, and thereby add variety to boring lessons, and teachers in geography and chemistry will surely mark your efforts with good grades.
First make the volcano itself.
How to make a paper volcano
To make a volcano, it is best to use thick paper or cardboard.
Draw a large circle on paper. Cut it out and glue the cone.
From the second sheet of paper, twist the tube and glue it. This will be the mouth of the volcano. Put a cone on it and fasten the structure with glue.
Cut out the ground from the third piece of paper. It can be given any shape, as long as it is larger than the base of the volcano. Glue the volcano to the ground, cover it with tape. Apply superglue on top and sprinkle with sawdust, sand. You can use colored sand. Paint the model with gouache or acrylic paints and give the volcano a natural look.
To prevent paint from flowing during or after the eruption, cover the volcano with a protective layer. The composition can be prepared independently: mix 1 part glue and 3 parts water. After thorough drying, the volcano model is ready for use. Lava in a test tube is inserted into the mouth of a volcano.
How to make a volcano video
Volcano how to make from plasticine
Plasticine is divided into 2 parts.
The first part is rolled into a pancake (base or land). From the second part, fashion a hollow cone, with a hole in the middle.
Place a bottle with a cut neck on the base. Put a cone on top, stick around the bottle opening with plasticine. Fasten the base and cone of the volcano together to form an airtight construction.
Color the model and sculpt the slopes. The prepared substance for lava is poured into the bottle through a watering can.
How to make a plasticine volcano model the second way
Instead of plasticine, you can use salt dough, modeling mass, papier-mâché.
Glue the bottle to the base (upside down plastic bowl, thick cardboard, chipboard) with tape so that you get a cone-shaped tent.
Cover with plasticine on top. Form lava flows, mountain range elements, channels. If you used salt dough, dry the volcano.
Now you can paint the model. For a more spectacular eruption, red paint can be applied to the mouth of the volcano. Once the paint is dry, apply a clear sealer.
Attach to the base plastic plants(usually they decorate aquariums) - you get trees and shrubs. Dry the volcano well again before use.
How to make a cold porcelain volcano model
If you wanted to use modeling mass to make a volcano, but did not find it in stores, or the price turned out to be high, you can prepare cold porcelain. This soft material, homogeneous in structure. It is convenient to sculpt from it small parts, because it is very plastic, and hardens when solidified.
Mix one part starch (corn or potato), soda, water. Add a drop of vegetable oil.
Put the mixture on the fire and cook until it thickens, stirring constantly. Remove the thick mass from the pan and cover with a damp towel. When the mass becomes warm, knead it. It should be soft, and resemble plasticine. The mass can be painted in the desired color during cooking. Best for this Oil paint. But keep in mind that then "cold porcelain" will quickly harden. So that the mass does not stick to your hands, grease them with oil or a fat cream. Sculpt the volcano as described above and let it dry. Then paint with acrylic paints.
Eruption preparation.
How to make a soda volcano
The easiest way to make lava is from baking soda and vinegar. The quantity is given for a volcano with a "volume" of 100-150 ml.
1 st. mix a spoonful of soda with 1 teaspoon of dishwashing detergent (preferably red), and red dye (beetroot juice can be used). Stir the mixture well, if the lava is very thick, add water. Pour it into the crater of the volcano.
To start the eruption, you need to add 2.5 tbsp. spoons of vinegar. The vinegar will react with the baking soda and carbon dioxide will be released. As a result, a bubbling red foam will form.
How to make a homemade green ash volcano
For this experiment, you will need ammonium dichromate (NH4) 2Cr2O7. It is included in any standard Junior Chemist set. The experiment must be carried out on a non-combustible surface.
Pour ammonium dichromate into an unnecessary jar of tin 7 cm high. In the center of the slide, make a recess and put a cotton swab moistened with alcohol.
From brown paper, roll a cone 15 cm high, 20 cm in diameter. Cut off the top of the cone by 5 cm. Cover the reagent jar with the cone. Make sure that the cone is slightly lower than the slide, if necessary, cut the paper further. Set fire to the cotton wool and admire the flying green flakes.
How to make a do-it-yourself volcano that erupts with a sheaf of sparks
The eruption turns out to be spectacular, but it must be carried out, observing the rules for working with combustible substances, and conducting the experiment on the street under the supervision of adults. If careless, you can start a fire or get fourth-degree burns.
Mix 4 parts of potassium nitrate with 2 parts of aluminum (source of sparks) sawdust and 1 part of sulfur. To get enough sawdust, drill a few holes in the metal.
On the bottom of the cardboard sleeve (you can buy it or take it after the used factory pyrotechnics, you can make it yourself) install a clay plug. The wall thickness of the sleeve is 4 mm. Pour and tamp the mixture into a sleeve. Cover with a cardboard circle on top (its diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the sleeve), and then fill it with plaster.
In the middle of the plaster plug, drill a hole for the pyrotechnic mixture and pass the wick. This will be the crater of the volcano, before the eruption, light the fuse and move to a safe distance.
All children are curious, many of them are interested in a variety of natural phenomena. Any child wants to know what a tsunami, or tornado looks like. All of these can be used as ideas for creativity and home schooling. How to make a real volcano at home? It is not at all difficult to build an eruption model with your own hands from improvised materials.
Volcanoes - what is it?
Recall that under the solid crust is magma - molten rock that can solidify, seep to the surface through thin cracks or erupt through large holes. In the latter case, we are talking about volcanoes. Most often, these are mountains located at the junctions of continental plates. But sometimes volcanoes can appear in a relatively short period of time in an area with almost flat relief. Most often, lava-spewing mountains are depicted as quite high and having correct form. But in fact, volcanoes are different, including low ones, they can visually resemble small hills. At the time of the eruption, magma and gases under significant pressure come to the surface of the earth. Explosions often occur at this moment, and some volcanoes gush with red-hot lava, like geysers.
We make a blank for the "fiery mountain" with our own hands
"How to make a volcano model at home?" - a popular question of parents who decide to spend interesting things with their children creative occupation. To make this craft, you will need: cardboard or a plastic bottle, paper or gypsum plaster, paints and some auxiliary tools that can be found in every home.
Prepare some kind of basis for creating crafts. It can be a piece of plastic, such as a lid from a food tray, or other dense material - plywood, cardboard. Cut off the top of the bottle, this will be the volcano, respectively, and leave the height for it at your discretion. Alternative option- make a base from a cardboard cone of a suitable size. Attention: if your volcano is an active model that will erupt more than once, the base must be an airtight container. Glue the cut off part of the bottle tightly onto plastic base using waterproof adhesive or sealant. You can cut off the bottom and top of the container and insert them into each other.
Volcano decor
The workpiece should be a kind of cone or cylinder with a narrow top on a stand. Once this design is dry, it's time to start decorating it. To decorate the slopes of the mountain, take decorative plaster or prepare paper pulp from which you can create papier-mâché. In the second case, it is better to take white napkins, paper towels or toilet paper. Grind the raw material, after wetting it, with a mixer and add a little PVA glue. In this case, the mass will be homogeneous and will be easy to apply.
How to make a do-it-yourself volcano model from an existing blank? Everything is very simple. Cover a cardboard cone or piece plastic bottle chosen sculptural material. Form the likeness of a mountain - with an extension at the foot and a sharp top. Don't forget to leave a crater hole at the top. Your volcano will look much more interesting if you make the surface ribbed, covered with a network of channels through which lava will flow picturesquely. When modeling is completed, dry the workpiece well. After that, you can start coloring it. If you are using non-waterproof paints, you can additionally cover the craft with a clear varnish. That's all - the volcano (model) is ready, if you wish, work on the surrounding landscape. If the size of the stand allows, make trees, draw grass or sand, you can add figures of people and animals.
A simple plasticine craft
If the above method of making homemade " fiery mountain"It seems too laborious for you, try to make it using a simpler technique. A small volcano can be molded from plasticine. Take brown modeling material or mix all the sticks in the kit until you get a uniform "dirty" shade. Blind a cone with a hole on top, outline if desired relief.If your volcano is an active model and is made to carry out an "eruption", glue it on a modeling board or a plastic panel / tray from food packaging. Try to make the connection airtight. Additionally, you can decorate the craft with red plasticine, depicting frozen lava on the slopes of the mountain .
The eruption begins!
Most often, a "volcano" is made to carry out a home "eruption". Do not be afraid, this experiment is completely safe. Take a small amount baking soda, a dye of a suitable shade and a drop of dishwashing detergent (can be replaced with a couple of pinches of washing powder). Mix all the ingredients and place them inside the mountain (take care of a special recess in advance). In order for hot lava with foam to rise from the crater of the volcano, you just need to drop quite a bit of vinegar inside. Such interesting experiment will amaze the kids and surprise the schoolchildren. The model will help not only to interest children, but also to tell them in an interesting way about the interaction of soda and vinegar.
Fun or fun chemistry?
Making such a craft, even with the smallest children, should be combined with training. Tell us about volcanoes and their formation, give interesting historical facts. Such homework will surely be remembered better than subsequent chemistry lessons. When conducting the "eruption" also try to explain that with the help of home we only imitate a real natural phenomenon. The reaction itself deserves special consideration. Invite the child to think and describe the interaction of two substances. It is also useful to draw a conclusion with a chemical explanation of the experiment.
Sectional volcano model: how to make?
In addition to making crafts depicting general form fiery mountain, at home it is not difficult to make another training layout. We are talking about a model of a volcano in the section - respectively, its half with a demonstration of the inner layers. What is the mountain, spewing lava and ashes, made of? A volcano is a combination of different rocks, respectively, layers can be made in different colors: from yellow to dark brown. Do not forget to mark the crater at the top and from it to the very bottom lay a channel through which the lava rises. It is most convenient to make such a model of a plasticine volcano. Your layout can be three-dimensional (mountain cut in half) or flat. Use materials of different colors and combine layers in correct sequence. If you are making a flat layout, you can further show how magma rises to the earth's crust and finds its way to the surface through the crater of the volcano.
A volcanic eruption on a tropical island is a very spectacular and beautiful chemical experience (experiment) for children at home. Master class with photo.
Experience (experiment) "Volcano" for children
This experience (experiment) is quite easy and well-known, but the kids (and even preschoolers and even younger schoolchildren, if they were not familiar with it yet) are invariably delighted with it, and they are ready to repeat it again and again!
Optionally, you can purchase a set for the experiment "Volcano", but everything you need for this is usually in every home. For the most simple option This experience will only require:
- vinegar
- small container (bottle, bottle, glass or glass)
- soup plate
be careful: children can experiment with vinegar only under adult supervision!
And although my daughter and I also did this experience more than once in several versions, the photos of the volcano from this article, surrounded by a beautiful tropical landscape, are so inspiring that you immediately want to do the same.
Moreover, in addition to intellectual development and expansion of ideas about environment, the child will develop fine motor skills as well as creative thinking. After all, in this option experience, it is proposed to conduct it not in a laboratory flask or a container replacing it, but to make a beautiful background with your own hands. This background can later be used for geography lessons with the child, for games and thematic installations.
This work and master class were created specifically for participation in. Authors: Kolya Curly (4 years old, St. Petersburg) and his mother Julia. Many thanks to them for their participation and the article with step-by-step instructions.
How to make home experience "Volcano Eruption". MK
If there is enough soda, vinegar and dishwashing detergent at home, you can easily arrange a small domestic cataclysm - a volcanic eruption. And at the same time introduce the child to the simplest chemical reactions.
Fun activity for a very long time! We've had "eruptions" for several days!
Materials and tools
What you need:
- a jar (we have a half of a plastic Kinder Surprise egg)
- plasticine
- decorations (pebbles, beads, strings... In general, anything that helps visually create a tropical island)
- pallet (ideally - a tray)
- vinegar
- dishwashing liquid
Stages of work
To begin with, Kolechka and I created our own miniature island with a dormant volcano. They covered the jar with plasticine, decorated it with stones, colored glass, threads ... They put a toy wolf to watch.
Then we started chemistry!
Kolya poured a full teaspoon of soda into the volcano. I dropped a couple of drops of iodine and about a teaspoon of dishwashing detergent into it.
To make sure everything was even, we stirred the mixture with a stick and, holding our breath, poured some vinegar into our volcano! Immediately, everything hissed, snorted, and thick foam, brightened with iodine, flowed from the mouth of the volcano! It became clear that our model of the volcano really works and looks impressive!
The process of pouring soda and pouring it with vinegar lasted a couple of dozen times. Delight young chemist did not subside, the vinegar was running out. Then I had to run for a towel and arrange cleaning, so it’s better to do the “volcano” right away on a deep tray.
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I propose to look at other articles with the tag or all articles from the heading "Developing and educational activities".
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- Color rain - an experiment with water, paint and foam ...
- Rising paint - experience with color, paints ...
Do-it-yourself volcano model from salt dough. Master class with step by step photo.
Kushnareva Tatyana Nikolaevna - teacher of geography, MBOU secondary school No. 9, Azov, Rostov region.Target: Making a model of a volcano from salt dough using the testoplasty technique.
Tasks:
1. Contribute to the formation of a scientific picture of the world, the initial idea of the types of volcanoes.
2. To develop the creative research activity of children.
3. To cultivate interest in cognitive research activities, purposefulness, perseverance, independence.
In my work, I invite you to find out if it is possible to make a volcano at home and look at this dangerous, but it seems to me a very beautiful phenomenon - a volcanic eruption. Schoolchildren aged 10-13 can show their ability to create an artificial volcano, as well as preschool children.
Technique: Testoplasty, it seems to me, is very well suited for the implementation of my idea.
Purpose: Layout for research activities - experiment, as well as use as visual material to fix the external and internal structure volcano.
"I spit fire and lava,
I am a dangerous giant
I am glorious with bad fame,
What is my name?" (Volcano)
Volcanoes - geological formations on the surface of the earth's crust or the crust of another planet, where magma comes to the surface, forming lava, volcanic gases, rocks (volcanic bombs) and pyroclastic flows.
Word "Volcano" comes from the name of the ancient Roman god of fire Vulcan. Translated from Latin - the god of fire and blacksmithing.
Probably, of all possible natural disasters that threaten a person, volcanic eruptions are the most dramatic, if not in terms of the number of victims and destruction, then in terms of the feeling of horror and helplessness that grips people in the face of the raging elements generated by the fiery depths of the planet.
The volcano is a fantastic sight. In a matter of minutes, it can devastate entire cities, kill thousands of people, destroy landscapes, and even change the Earth's climate.
Scientists estimate that about 500 million people live near volcanoes today.
Since 1700, volcanic eruptions have killed over 260,000 people. People will not be able to prevent mass death if they do not learn to understand and respect volcanoes.
Outwardly, volcanoes differ from each other, the most common types of volcanoes are conical and shield. Shield volcanoes are broad, flat volcanoes ranging in diameter from a few kilometers to over 100 km, and are usually low and wide. The volcano was formed as a result of repeated outpourings of high-temperature liquid lava.
In this master class, I propose to make a conical volcano.
Conical volcano. The slopes of the volcano are steep - the lava is thick, viscous, cools down quickly enough. The mountain has the shape of a cone.
Materials:
colored paper;
PVA glue";
Vinegar;
Soda;
Scissors;
Flour;
Gouache paints;
tassel;
Cardboard sheet;
Glass cup.
1. First we need to cook salty dough for the manufacture of the Model of the Volcano. To prepare salt dough, we need 400 gr. flour, 200 gr. fine salt and 150 ml. water.
2. The dough is ready, you can get to work.
3. To make the foot of the layout, we need to prepare a square of green colored paper 20/20 cm and a sheet of cardboard 20/20 cm
4. Apply PVA glue to cardboard
5. The foot of the Volcano Layout is ready
6. We put the dough on the foot, make a hole in the center and put a glass cup in it, which will act as a vent.
7. Shaping the layout. We need a day for the dough to dry. You can speed up the drying process, put the layout in the oven for 20 minutes, alternately changing sides.
8. We start painting the layout, using gouache paints. We apply paint in layers. The lower part of the slope is covered with green.
9. Add a few light tones of green paint.
10. We cover the middle and upper part of the slope of the layout with brown paint.
11. It is necessary to let the paint dry in order to apply flowing lava to the Volcano model using red gouache.
12. The layout of the Volcano is ready for the experiment
13. For experimental activities, we need vinegar and soda tinted with red gouache in a small amount.
14. We pour soda into the mouth of the model, and then pour tinted vinegar. Volcanism begins!
15. We watch how the lava flows down the slope.
In the course of research activities, it was confirmed that it is possible to create an artificial volcano through experimental activities.
Volcanoes began to "vulcanize" -
Spewing lava from the vent.
Lava flowed down the slopes
And the Earth was badly burned. (Elena Romankevich)
Thank you all for your attention!
You can watch a volcano erupt at home not only on TV. With the help of a small chemical experiment, you will arrange a real eruption on a fabulous island.
From this article you will learn
All that is needed
It takes a little experience household chemicals And decorative elements to create an island. An island with a volcano can be made from natural materials or use dinosaur sensory box sets.
Model of the volcano is molded from plasticine. The creation of a fabulous volcanic island for the experience is the main part of it and serves to develop the child's imagination and creativity. Such activities will help instill a love of chemistry and geography. fine motor skills fingers, the child will develop during the manufacture of plasticine terrain and its inhabitants.
To make an island you need:
- cardboard;
- stapler or narrow tape;
- box with colored plasticine;
- small animal toys;
- multi-colored pebbles;
- a large plastic box or bowl in which the island will stand;
- glass or plastic container with a volume of 200 ml for the vent of the volcano.
For the experiment you will need:
- soda 20 g;
- food coloring:
- vinegar 9%;
- dish detergent 25 ml;
- water 100 ml.
Usually the experience happens until mom runs out of all the baking soda and all the vinegar, so please be patient.
Children cannot conduct experiments on their own without adults. If vinegar gets into the eyes or mouth of a child, a burn of the mucous membranes may occur, and if swallowed, a burn of the esophagus.
Making a fabulous island
You can build an island in a large plastic container. Pour real water, lay out the bottom with round pebbles. Make a container for a volcano from a jar for baby food or an old glass. For the mountain, inside which the container will stand, you need to make a cardboard layout, his child will be happy to cover it with plasticine.
The sequence of making a volcanic mountain:
- cut out a circle of the desired diameter from thick cardboard;
- make an incision from the edge to the center of the circle;
- roll up the cone;
- the edges of the cone are fastened with a stapler or tape;
- cut off the upper part of the cone at a height equal to the capacity chosen for the volcano;
- place the container inside the cone.
From above, I coat the mountain with plasticine. To do this, roll out small plasticine cakes. Brown and stick to the paper cone, completely covering the cardboard. The top of the volcano can be made of red plasticine, which will imitate red-hot lava.
They set up a volcanic mountain on a dry island of pebbles. They sit around small rubber animals that are among children's toys. Colorful amazing dinosaurs or wolves, foxes, bunnies, bears and other inhabitants of the forest and jungle. Depending on which animals were planted, vegetation is selected for the island. Large tree ferns and horsetails for dinosaurs, and ordinary Christmas trees and birches for bunnies and foxes.
Plastic plants are also often sold in children's play sets. You can use a leaf of a live fern and twigs of plants if it's summer outside. Plants can also be molded from plasticine, made from threads and beads or ordinary cardboard.
Can be made from cardboard small houses, for plastic Indians and soldiers. It is better to use cardboard for making plants and houses when the island is in a container with blue-colored sand instead of water or on a blue plasticine sea.
Conducting an experiment
Finally the island is ready. All the toy animals and people froze in anticipation interesting event- volcanic eruptions. They know that the volcano is not real and therefore they are not afraid of it.
To conduct the experiment, pour a tablespoon of soda into the jar-vent of the volcano. Add a tablespoon of dish detergent. red food coloring or orange color dissolved in 100 milligrams of water and poured into soda and detergent. The basis for the experiment is ready, it remains to add vinegar. Mom, you can let the child pour vinegar into the volcano on his own, under her supervision, so that he does not do it in her absence. It is better to repeat the experiment for an encore, pouring vinegar into the “vent” of the volcano and pouring soda into it, while the child is interested and asks to repeat the experiment.
When vinegar is added, the soda will begin to foam, erupting from the "vent of the volcano" like red or orange lava. Detergent will allow the “lava” to foam longer and more abundantly, overflowing from the vent and flooding the surroundings, along with plants and animals that were inadvertently placed too close.
Afterword
The safest way to do a volcano experiment for young children is with baking soda and vinegar. It can be repeated many times, and get necessary materials experience is not difficult.
The most interesting thing in the experience is the creation with the child of his own fabulous island which can be used not only for chemical experience"Volcano", but also for an exciting game.
With older children, you can conduct the Volcano experiment at home using 
, potassium permanganate and glycerin. For the experiment, ammonium dichromate is poured into an evaporating bowl in the form of a slide, in the middle of which a depression is made. Add a little potassium permanganate and a few drops of glycerin to the recess.
After a few minutes, due to the interaction of potassium permanganate and glycerol, ammonium dichromate will ignite. Sparks will be thrown from the volcano in all directions, and a fountain of fire will begin to erupt. Before starting the experiment, the bowl must be placed on the foil so as not to burn the surface on which the experiment will take place.
Ammonium dichromate can simply be set on fire, and it will burn like a volcano, spewing sparks. The experience is exciting, but without the presence of adults, children should not be allowed to do it. Burns can be caused not only by sparks, but also by the chemicals used.
Good luck with your experiments!
