Making a trailer with your own hands. Do-it-yourself car trailer. Homemade trailers for cars

Trailer - excellent tool, which allows you to transport large and dimensional cargo. The luggage compartment can not always cope with such a task.

It may not have enough space for transportation. The dimensions of the load may become an obstacle to its normal placement in the trunk of a car.

Undoubtedly, all vehicles have different indicators for the capacity of the luggage compartment. Some models are distinguished by large and capacious compartments for accommodating cargo.

But we are considering middle-class cars, which in most cases are purchased by Russian drivers.

If such transportation is carried out once, then you can use the services of a cargo taxi. But if you need to transport goods regularly, then this method can become very costly.

In such a situation, you can either buy homemade trailer for a passenger car, or personally do it yourself. Each driver chooses the most suitable option for him.

For example, buying a ready-made trailer will save time and effort on its manufacture. A homemade products require less investment.

To make a trailer, you will need certain tools and tools. They must be prepared in advance.

So, the masters will need:

• steel channels;
• plywood;
• Sheet steel;
• wheels with running gear;
• fasteners;
• aluminum tubes;
• welding machine;
• electrical equipment.

If the master has not dealt with the assembly of trailers before, then he needs a drawing. It is he who will be the instruction for carrying out all the necessary operations in the process.

Please note that the drawing must be drawn up correctly and meet all technical requirements OST 37.001.220-80.

This act includes requirements affecting the manufacture of trailers for passenger cars. Some drivers are very frivolous about the legislator's instructions, but in vain.

If the trailer does not meet all the standards of the OST, then it will not be possible to register it.

And without passing such a procedure, its use is recognized as illegal. That is, the driver will waste his time, money and effort in vain.

Concepts

Consider the basic concepts related to our topic, which are presented in clause 1.2 of the SDA:

All vehicles that fall under the term "trailer" must be registered in the prescribed manner.

What is its purpose

Obviously, the main purpose of the trailer is the transportation of goods. The SDA regulates the procedure for performing the relevant actions.

It is very important to comply with such rules, otherwise the driver of the vehicle with the trailer will create a risk of harm to other road users.

For such actions, he may be held accountable. The rules for the carriage of goods are defined in paragraph 23 of the SDA:

Legal regulation

We have already mentioned traffic rules. The Rules define the concept of "trailer", they also contain the rules for the carriage of goods.

The SDA defines a list of documents that must be submitted to the traffic police officer. Among others, special certificates for the trailer are noted (clause 2.1.1).

Paragraph 10.3 of the Rules stipulates the speed limit for a vehicle with a trailer - 70 km/h or 90 km/h (on motorways). We also mentioned that the trailer is created according to certain parameters.

It meets the requirements if the driver wishes to successfully complete the registration procedure with the traffic police.

Currently, OST 37.001.220-80 "trailers for cars" is in force. What you should pay attention to:

It is important to mention one more legal act - the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. It is in it that the measures of responsibility for non-compliance with the instructions of the legislator are fixed.

For example, if the trailer does not have a state registration sign, then it will be fined 500 rubles (Art. 11.27).

For violation of the rules for the carriage of goods, you will also have to pay 500 rubles (Article 12.21).

If the driver does not have registration documents for the trailer, then a fine of 500 rubles will be imposed on him in accordance with Art. 12.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

How to build a homemade car trailer

How to make a trailer for a car with your own hands? It is not difficult to perform such actions, but it is very important to carefully follow the instructions of the drawing.

In case of non-compliance, registration similar product will not be carried out. In such a situation, the driver will waste both time and effort, and cash.

The fact that the trailer is to be registered must be remembered at the construction stage. This will allow you not to complicate your task with alterations and improvements in the future.

It is easier to follow all the instructions from the very beginning. If the driver decides to make a trailer, then he saves his money. Ready-made vehicles for the transport of goods are more expensive.

At the same time, when deciding to create a trailer, one must understand that such operations will require additional costs and time and effort.

Difficulties often arise at the registration stage. It may be denied for various reasons. At the same time, registering a finished trailer from the manufacturer is much easier.

Necessary set of tools and materials

First of all, you need to purchase the necessary set of tools and materials. This list may differ depending on what kind of trailer a person wants to make.

We provide an indicative list:

• for the frame and the connection node, you will need a pipe with a square section (40 × 40 mm). Let's take a pipe bigger size, but if this does not lead to an increase in the mass of the entire structure. The length and quantity is determined by the drawing;
• to install the sides, a steel sheet is required (thickness - at least 0.6 mm). To calculate the quantity, you need to study the drawing. Multiply the length of the sides by their height. So, the area is calculated. After that, an idea will appear of how many sheets are needed and what size they should be;
• the bottom can be made of tin, thick plywood or polycarbonate;
• you can make the chassis yourself or use the front axle of the FDD motorized stroller;
• brake system;
• hitch;
• electrical appliances and carry out to connect to the car;
• tarpaulin or other moisture-resistant fabric for covering the trailer;
• fasteners (corners, brackets, etc.);
• welding equipment;
• electric tools for working with metal objects (jigsaw, grinder, etc.).

Where to get blueprints

Video: homemade trailer

Where can I get a drawing? If you have enough experience and knowledge, then you can do it yourself.

At the same time, it is allowed to use ready-made options. They're in in large numbers posted on the Internet, including for the creation of residential trailers.

The finished drawing can be converted at the request of the driver. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that after such changes the trailer still meets the requirements of the OST.

Assembly instructions

Assembling a homemade two-axle trailer for a car includes the following steps:

How to legalize (registration)

Every car owner is familiar with the procedure for registering a car. But not everyone knows how to properly register a trailer. Is it necessary to do this at all?

In accordance with the traffic rules, this vehicle must be equipped with state registration plates.

The driver is obliged, at the request of the traffic police inspector, to submit documents confirming the fact of passing this procedure.

Failure to comply with such regulations will lead to liability under the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. The driver will be fined.

To avoid these consequences, you must register the trailer. You need to start with the preparation of documents that can confirm the fact that the product meets the requirements of the legislator.

For this, a person applies to an accredited testing laboratory. Its employees will conduct tests to test the homemade trailer.

If they are successful, a certificate of the ability to safely operate the trailer will be presented.

To register it with the MREO, the following package of documents is provided:

• statement;
• passport;
• registration certificate of the vehicle;
• certificate from the laboratory;
• documents proving the ownership of the trailer;
• check for payment of state duty;
• certificate of technical inspection;
• OSAGO policy.

A trailer is an excellent tool that allows you to transport large and bulky goods. The luggage compartment can not always cope with such a task.

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It may not have enough space for transportation. The dimensions of the load may become an obstacle to its normal placement in the trunk of a car.

Undoubtedly, all vehicles have different indicators for the capacity of the luggage compartment. Some models are distinguished by large and capacious compartments for accommodating cargo.

But we are considering middle-class cars, which in most cases are purchased by Russian drivers.

If such transportation is carried out once, then you can use the services of a cargo taxi. But if you need to transport goods regularly, then this method can become very costly.

In such a situation, you can either buy a homemade trailer for a car, or personally make it yourself. Each driver chooses the most suitable option for him.

For example, buying a ready-made trailer will save time and effort on its manufacture. And homemade products require less cash investment.

Basic moments

To make a trailer, you will need certain tools and tools. They must be prepared in advance.

So, the masters will need:

• steel channels;
• plywood;
• Sheet steel;
• wheels with running gear;
• fasteners;
• aluminum tubes;
• welding machine;
• electrical equipment.

If the master has not dealt with the assembly of trailers before, then he needs a drawing. It is he who will be the instruction for carrying out all the necessary operations in the process.

Please note that the drawing must be drawn up correctly and meet all technical requirements.

This act includes requirements affecting the manufacture of trailers for passenger cars. Some drivers are very frivolous about the legislator's instructions, but in vain.

If the trailer does not meet all the standards of the OST, then it will not be possible to register it.

And without passing such a procedure, its use is recognized as illegal. That is, the driver will waste his time, money and effort in vain.

Concepts

Consider the basic concepts related to our topic, which are presented in:

All vehicles that fall under the term "trailer" must be registered in the prescribed manner.

What is its purpose

Obviously, the main purpose of the trailer is the transportation of goods. The SDA regulates the procedure for performing the relevant actions.

It is very important to comply with such rules, otherwise the driver of the vehicle with the trailer will create a risk of harm to other road users.

For such actions, he can be attracted to. The rules for the carriage of goods are defined in:

Legal regulation

We have already mentioned traffic rules. The Rules define the concept of "trailer", they also contain the rules for the carriage of goods.

The SDA defines a list of documents that must be submitted to the traffic police officer. Among others, special acts on the trailer are noted ().

Paragraph 10.3 of the Rules stipulates the speed limit for a vehicle with a trailer - 70 km/h or 90 km/h (on motorways). We also mentioned that the trailer is created according to certain parameters.

It meets the requirements if the driver wishes to successfully complete the registration procedure with the traffic police.

Currently, OST 37.001.220-80 "trailers for cars" is in force. What you should pay attention to:

It is important to mention one more legal act - the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. It is in it that the measures of responsibility for non-compliance with the instructions of the legislator are fixed.

For example, if there is no state registration sign on the trailer, then a fine of 500 rubles () will be issued to it.

For violation of the rules for the carriage of goods, you will also have to pay 500 rubles ().

If the driver does not have registration documents for the trailer, then a fine of 500 rubles will be imposed on him in accordance with.

How to build a homemade car trailer

How to make a trailer for a car with your own hands? It is not difficult to perform such actions, but it is very important to carefully follow the instructions of the drawing.

If a discrepancy is found, the registration of such a product will not be carried out. In such a situation, the driver will waste time, effort, and money in vain.

The fact that the trailer is to be registered must be remembered at the construction stage. This will allow you not to complicate your task with alterations and improvements in the future.

It is easier to follow all the instructions from the very beginning. If the driver decides to make a trailer, then he saves his money. Ready-made vehicles for the transport of goods are more expensive.

At the same time, when deciding to create a trailer, one must understand that such operations will require additional costs and time and effort.

Difficulties often arise at the registration stage. It may be denied for various reasons. At the same time, registering a finished trailer from the manufacturer is much easier.

Necessary set of tools and materials

First of all, you need to purchase the necessary set of tools and materials. This list may differ depending on what kind of trailer a person wants to make.

We provide an indicative list:

• for the frame and the connection node, you will need a pipe with a square section (40 × 40 mm). It is permissible to take a larger pipe, but if this does not lead to an increase in the mass of the entire structure. The length and quantity is determined by the drawing;
• to install the sides, a steel sheet is required (thickness - at least 0.6 mm). To calculate the quantity, you need to study the drawing. Multiply the length of the sides by their height. So, the area is calculated. After that, an idea will appear of how many sheets are needed and what size they should be;
• the bottom can be made of tin, thick plywood or polycarbonate;
• you can make the chassis yourself or use the front axle of the FDD motorized stroller;
• brake system;
• hitch;
• electrical appliances and carry out to connect to the car;
• tarpaulin or other moisture-resistant fabric for covering the trailer;
• fasteners (corners, brackets, etc.);
• welding equipment;
• electric tools for working with metal objects (jigsaw, grinder, etc.).

Where to get blueprints

Video: homemade trailer

The master will ensure that the finished product meets the requirements of the regulatory legal acts we have considered.

Where can I get a drawing? If you have enough experience and knowledge, then you can do it yourself.

At the same time, it is allowed to use ready-made options. They are in large numbers posted on the Internet, including for the creation of residential trailers.

The finished drawing can be converted at the request of the driver. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that after such changes the trailer still meets the requirements of the OST.

Assembly instructions

Assembling a homemade two-axle trailer for a car includes the following steps:

How to legalize (registration)

Every car owner is familiar with the procedure for registering a car. But not everyone knows how to properly register a trailer. Is it necessary to do this at all?

In accordance with this vehicle must be equipped with state registration marks.

The driver is obliged, at the request of the traffic police inspector, to submit documents confirming the fact of passing this procedure.

Failure to comply with such regulations will result in liability under. The driver will be fined.

To avoid these consequences, you must register the trailer. You need to start with the preparation of documents that can confirm the fact that the product meets the requirements of the legislator.

For this, a person applies to an accredited testing laboratory. Its employees will conduct tests to test the homemade trailer.

If they are successful, a certificate of the ability to safely operate the trailer will be presented.

Large or oversized loads require a large amount of space to transport. The luggage compartment of a passenger car is not suitable for this task - there is too little space. The only option is to use . At the same time, it is not necessary to select it for a car, search in the markets and spend money and time on it. Can be self-assembled this device using only the most necessary details and components.

First of all, you need to find and prepare all the components and tools that will be useful for self-assembly.

After everything is purchased, an initial drawing is developed, which is subsequently guided during assembly. There are a lot of various drawings and sketches on the Internet - you can choose anything based on the available materials, details, capabilities and needs.

Consider the most universal option- a cargo trailer for a passenger car of the Zhiguli type.

1. Connecting elements of the sides (from);
2. Board (board-lining, 4 pcs.);
3. Frame ( steel pipe 40x40);
4. Crossbar (pine timber 90x50, 3 pieces);
5. Draft (pipe Ø30, 2 pieces - longitudinal, 1 piece - transverse);
6. Wheel with hub (2 pcs);
7. safety chain;
8. Electrical connector;
9. Mudguard with a brace (conveyor belt);
10. Shock absorber (from the Ural motorcycle, 2 pcs.);
11. Spring with rubber stopper;
12. Capturing device (purchased product);
13. Bridge beam (steel pipe 80x5);
14. Tailgate lock (2 pcs.)

DIY assembly

We build a home-made trailer according to the drawing, using prepared tools and components, in several stages.

1. Frame assembly. The frame is the supporting part of the trailer, so the durability of the product depends on its strength and reliability. For its manufacture, you can use a steel channel (25x50) or a pipe (40x40). We cut the profile according to the size, after which the parts are welded together. The resulting rectangle is measured for evenness and accuracy of welding. It is necessary to provide a stiffener, since the rectangular or square shape of the frame is rather unstable under heavy loads.
   
   
2. Vehicle connection point. It must be remembered that the shorter the connecting part, the faster and sharper the trailer will react to the movements of the tractor. Depending on the dimensions, it is recommended to make the connecting part 1.5 - 2 meters long. Since this node has a considerable load, for welding we use the same profiles that were used when creating the frame. Before welding, we carry out measurements so that the coupling of the connecting part with the trailer takes place exactly in the middle of the axle. To prevent breaks in the connecting part, we mount safety cables. We weld them at the bottom of the entire structure.
   
3. Coupling. The coupling allows you to attach the connecting part of the trailer to the car. It can be mounted both on bolts and by welding. In the first case, the design will turn out to be less reliable, but if it is necessary to dismantle the coupling, it will be easier to remove it. In the second, the knot will become very strong, but for dismantling it will be necessary gas-burner. If the choice fell on the connection with bolts, we recommend choosing samples with the eighth strength class. Otherwise, the bolts may not withstand the force.
   
4. Axis assembly. By general rule, the axle is mounted at a distance of 40% of the length from the rear wall of the trailer. In other words, it should be off-center a little closer to the back. We install the axle using bolts. Next, we install the frame on the axis and fasten it again with the help of bolts.
   
   
5. It is not an urgent need, but it is desirable to install stabilizing jacks that will ensure the horizontal position of the trailer while driving. The best option- placement of jacks at the corners of the frame.
   
6. Flooring and side walls. Wood, tin, metal, polycarbonate, plastic or other materials can be used as the starting material - everything directly depends on what exactly will be transported on the trailer and how often transport will be carried out. We install a flooring on the frame (you can use the simplest, from ordinary plywood) and fix it with bolts. After that, we mount the boards on the frame. We strengthen the corners of the trailer with metal corners.
   
7. The final stage is finishing. If necessary, we paint parts and assemblies that require such processing. We carry out routes for connecting power from the car. Since all trailers must be equipped with mandatory light signaling devices, we install the necessary lights, headlights and reflectors. All this is mounted in a single network and connected through the towbar socket.
   
   

The following video shows the process of assembling and finishing a homemade trailer of the original design.

A homemade trailer, especially if it is well-assembled, will significantly increase the capabilities of an ordinary car. Although there are many varieties, the universal option will be suitable for any vehicle and type of cargo transportation. In addition to all the above actions, the trailer can be equipped with a separate brake system, lighting fixtures etc., but still these questions are best left to professionals. Before using the trailer, you must.

Travelers need a trailer on a long journey, it allows you to take with you all the necessary things, and there may be a lot of them. trailers industrial production presented in a wide range, but they have one significant drawback - a rather high price.

To save money, you can make a trailer for a car with your own hands, for this you need to draw up a drawing, purchase necessary material, to have available tools for manufacturing.

trailer material

Often in the garages of car owners there is an unnecessary load of various rubbish, which is a pity to throw out, but it has not found application. You need to dig into these things and see if maybe something will fit for making a homemade product. What might be useful:

• wheels and springs from an old car, disassembled for spare parts;
• pieces of sheet iron;
• channel or corner;
• various fasteners (nuts, bolts);
• pieces of automotive wiring.

For yourself, you need to decide what the carrying capacity of the car trailer (AP) should be - the passport data of the car indicates what maximum weight of the trailer it is designed for. If some material is missing, you will have to purchase it, you will also need a plug to connect the car's electrical wiring to the AP.

Do-it-yourself trailer for a car: drawing up a drawing

When all the necessary material is collected, you can begin to draw up a drawing. It’s not too easy to draw a sketch of a future product on paper, so to make the task easier, you can take as a basis finished drawing from the Internet, in the course of creating the design, make your own adjustments to it. The car owner should also remember that the homemade product will have to be registered with the traffic police, and it is important to note that the hitch can only be used here factory-made.

For example, a drawing of the Zhiguli AP can serve as a model for a future trailer, if the car itself is similar in size and carrying capacity to this car model. Any car trailer consists of the following main parts:

• body;
• frames;
• drawbar;
• coupling device.

In any case, the frame must be rigid, so it is made of durable steel. As a rule, the body is also made of ferrous metal, but it can also be aluminum or wood.

A homemade trailer for a passenger car usually has one axle, but it can also be two-axle. The main advantages of a two-axle trailer are:

• stability on the road;
• large load capacity.

But the two-axle design has its drawbacks, such a trailer:

• more difficult to manage, especially with manual maneuvering;
• weighs a lot;
• less mobile.

When making a homemade product, it should be borne in mind that a single-axle AP must be calculated for a transported load weighing no more than 750 kg. Even in the rules for operating cars with trailers, it is indicated that the load on one wheel cannot exceed 700 kg.

Caravans differ according to the type of use:

Trailers are often equipped with an awning, and motorhomes are also popular among car tourists, which are very convenient on long journeys. True, to transport such a design, a passenger car must have sufficient carrying capacity; crossovers and SUVs are well suited for towing.

The cost of an industrial car trailer for a passenger car

Industrial trailers have a different cost, the price depends on:

• from the complexity of manufacturing;
• dimensions;
• the quality of the materials used;
• type (purpose);
• configuration.

The simplest AP general purpose at a cost it will be the cheapest, for example, you can buy a trailer of the LAV-81011 model from the Vector company for an average of 40 thousand rubles. The characteristics of this design are as follows:

• own weight - 175 kg;
• weight of the transported cargo - 525 kg;
• the maximum weight of the loaded AP is 700 kg.

The trailer has dimensions of 2.9 / 1.6 / 1.28 m (length / width / height), has a very good ground clearance of 167 mm. LAV-81011 is equipped with an awning, its height is 0.45 m. The body sides of this model can be folded back or completely removed, there are two modifications.

Trailers are also much more expensive, for example, a trailer for transporting boats costs an average of 200 to 350 thousand rubles.

Tool for making a homemade trailer

For the manufacture of homemade products, first of all, designers use welding, there are motorists who only use it. With the help of gas welding, you can not only weld structural parts, but also cut off pieces of metal of the desired size with a cutter.

Still in assembly homemade design used frequently:

• angle grinder (grinder);
• automotive tools (wrenches and spanners, heads with a knob and extensions).

Having drawn up a drawing, first of all, do-it-yourselfers begin to manufacture the frame. A steel channel is often used to assemble it, so that the metal can withstand loads well, its cross section must be at least 25x50 mm. Also, the frame is often made of metal pipe, but it is more convenient to work with a channel.

Rolled metal is first cut to the dimensions indicated in the drawing, then the sections of the channel profile are welded together. After welding the main body, the frame should be reinforced with additional stiffeners, otherwise the design will be unreliable.

If you plan to create a trailer on springs, brackets should be welded to the frame. The springs will be attached to the frame base with bolts and nuts, and the axle with the springs will be connected using stepladders. The brackets are welded with a slight offset to the rear of the structure, which ensures the greatest stability of the homemade trailer.

Further, a drawbar should be welded to the frame, and a tow hitch should be mounted at its end. If the trailer-to-car connection is made too long, it will not be very convenient to drive the trailer, it will be especially difficult to maneuver in reverse. It is necessary to weld the drawbar strictly in the center, otherwise the trailer will lead to the side. Even for a uniaxial design, it is necessary to distribute the weight so that the main load of the empty AP falls approximately on the center. If the “rear” of the cart is heavier, the force on the hitch will increase, and it will be in constant tension.

At the end of the connecting unit, a part of the coupling device is installed, the tow bar can be rigidly attached to the drawbar by welding, or with bolts and nuts.

Next, you should deal with the body, the easiest way is to make it from plywood or wood. The plywood floor is screwed to the base with bolts and nuts, it is better to make the sides of a more durable material - wood or sheet iron. It will also not be superfluous to cover the floor with sheets of iron, plywood can quickly get scratched and become unusable.

But the assembly of the trailer does not end there, it is still necessary to install taillights, connect the wiring. Two-axle trailers are often equipped with brakes, the brake system makes driving easier. Particularly relevant is the installation of brakes on a trailer for transporting heavy loads weighing more than 1400 kg.

Often, AP is necessary for the transportation of bulk cargo - river sand, gravel or crushed stone. Unload Construction Materials from a conventional body is inconvenient - it takes a lot of time to unload. You can make the task easier by installing a dump-type body on the trailer, with a rear tipping mechanism.

The frame with the axle in this design has a movable connection, and is installed in front manual mechanism body lifting.

You can not install the mechanism, but then you need to weld a support in front. In this embodiment, the body will tip back under its own weight when the locking device is removed.

For a homemade dump truck trailer, it is important that its sides tip over.

To connect the trailer to the car body, you need to install a towbar on the car. The traction coupling device (TSU) for a car consists of parts:

• hinge with hook;
• power beam;
• sockets for connecting wires.

The industry produces towbars various designs, there are TSUs in which the hook is welded to the beam by welding, and together with the hinge it is a single, monolithic structure. But more often hinges with a removable hook are produced, and this version of the device has an advantage - in case of damage to the coupling or wear of the ball coupling can always be replaced.

There are also tow hitches where the ball can be removed from the hook and it can be changed separately. Many towbars are equipped safety device, preventing the complete loss of the connection between the car and the trailer, it is necessary for safety net.

Making a homemade trailer in the traffic police

Any home-made car trailer must be registered with the traffic police, for this you need to provide:

• sales and cash receipts for components and parts purchased for the assembly of a home-made structure;
• four photos 10 by 15, pictures should be from all sides of the trailer;
• personal passport;
• application for registration;
• receipts for payment of state duties.

After registration, license plates are issued for the trailer, technical inspection for AP with a carrying capacity of up to 3.5 tons is not needed if the trailer belongs to a private person.

The trailer is called vehicle which does not have an engine installed. It is designed to be coupled with a vehicle. Despite the apparent complexity of such a device for transporting goods, it is not difficult to make a trailer with your own hands. For successful work, you need to choose the right parts and materials, complete sketches or drawings.

Transport trailers

The widespread use of semi-trailers and trailers is due to additional amenities when transporting heavy loads. Only part of the load falls on the car, which prolongs its service life. When unloading, you can save valuable time by unhooking the wagon and leaving it in place, and unloading at a convenient time. This option is convenient and is used for the delivery of goods between the shops of one enterprise, located at a certain distance.

All trailers are conventionally divided into two groups:

• Special purpose trailers allow you to take into account the needs of working with various cargoes, and universal machines not enough for this kind of work. Common types include heavy semi-trailers, log trucks, panel trucks, cement trucks and other types of trailers.
• General transport equipment includes flatbed, tilt and other trailers of various sizes, designed to carry loads of any kind.

Varieties depending on load distribution

In the construction of trailers are used different systems swivel wheel steering in order to improve the maneuverability and control speed of the road train. Hitch attachments are standard in most cases. If the trailer has an active wheel drive from the car engine, then such wagons are called active car trains.

To set such an active drive in motion, a mechanical transmission is used by means of a coupling device, or a hydraulic drive is used.

If the road train has two or more links, then the engine is located in the rear section. Unofficially, there is the concept of "trailer", it is used to move cars, other equipment or oversized cargo(long or heavy).

Depending on the load distribution between the trailer and the tractor, trailers are divided into several types:

Requirements for transport devices

A person who independently wants to make a transport wagon for the movement of goods should study the requirements for car trailers. These standards are contained in GOST 37 .001.220-1980, which is called "Trailers for cars." A selection of these requirements include the following provisions:

Features of the use of wagons

Trailers are used only in accordance with the purpose, as this is due to the same tires and wheels with the main machine, gauge, travel in certain clearance dimensions. The rule does not apply to heavy trucks and trailers-dissolutions. All breakdowns that appear during operation are similar to malfunctions. brake system and chassis of the main machine.

In addition, the operation of the trailer is disrupted due to damage to the hitch or wear of the rotary device.

To delay the repair of these systems, it is necessary to conduct regular inspection of the trailer. Since the operation of the device is associated with constant shaking and shock due to uneven movement on the roads, it is required from time to time to tighten the fasteners and align the curved parts. Before operation, it is necessary to check the serviceability of the springs, brakes, lighting, tire pressure, the presence of a spare wheel, the serviceability of the side and body locks.

Wagons are towed according to the rules, speeding is unacceptable, as well as sudden braking and unequal distribution of cargo. Increasing speed while driving will cause the trailer to wobble to the sides. Hard braking causes the car and trailer to fold, this is also facilitated by braking with the help of the engine. Due to the uneven storage of transported materials, stability is impaired and the trailer may tip over.

DIY manufacturing

In order to make a trailer yourself, you need to take care of purchasing some materials and tools. In order not to look for the necessary devices during work, they are purchased in advance. List of tools and materials:

Beginning of work

Assembly begins with the trailer frame, which is the load-bearing structure. It bears the main weight of the load. It is subject to increased requirements for reliability and durability. The prepared channel or square pipe is cut to size according to the drawing, two long and two short blanks are made.

They make a rectangular or square base in the form of a frame, to which the sides of sheet metal. They pay attention to the quality of welding, since this is a sore spot for home-made caravans. The hitch is fastened in front of the manufactured frame. To install shock absorbers in the middle of the frame put special eyes.

It is the turn to make the side frame. For fastening the side railing, strengthen vertical racks, their length depends on the height of the side. The vertical elements are interconnected by additional stiffening ribs, since during the movement it is the racks that experience the load from the displacement of the load. Additional reinforcing ties are made horizontal, vertical or placed obliquely.

Working with the undercarriage of a trailer involves a large number difficulties and features. One of them is that the axle should be located closer to the rear of the trailer. All design features arise depending on the running gear of which car is taken for the trailer device. Shock absorber lugs and mounts are welded to the frame for jet thrust. The installation and use of the latter is mandatory, as they play the role of elements that support the bridge.

Final phase

Sheathing the sides with metal and making the bottom of the trailer from plywood is done on final stage assemblies. A jigsaw is used to cut plywood according to the size of the internal space, and sheet steel is cut with a grinder. Bottom elements can be made from a single sheet or connected from pieces with a lead-in of at least 5 cm. All pieces must be attached along the perimeter to the frame and base elements using bolted connections.

The boards are cut to size, which are measured on the spot. At this stage, it is irrelevant to use the dimensions from the drawings, since during the manufacturing process the dimensions of the body skeleton, as a rule, differ slightly from those provided in the diagrams. Welding or rivets are used as fasteners, which also hold the material well. The boards are attached to all racks and reinforcing ties.

Electrical equipment

Elements of electrical equipment are installed on back wall trailer. These include red triangular reflectors, a reversing lamp, state license plate illumination, direction indicators, stop indicators, and position lamps. On the wall in the front are the dimensions white color and the same reflectors.

The side walls are designed for orange color reflectors. To keep the wires intact, they put on a protective corrugation. Wire connections must be secure and well secured. Corrugation with wiring inside is conveniently attached to the frame frame using plastic clamps.

Making a caravan requires skill and experience with power tools, but it will save you money compared to buying a ready-made vehicle from a store.