The winch is an indispensable device, as in household as well as in the garage. Raise a roll of roofing material onto the roof, throw a couple of bags of cement into the window of the second floor of a private house under construction, pull the engine out of the bonnet space, and drag the broken car itself into the garage ... This is an incomplete list of things that you can easily do alone with her help.
fixtures drum type for lifting or moving heavy loads, they differ in the way they transmit torque. From our school physics course we know how the shoulder works. Losing in speed or distance, we gain in strength. The phrase of Archimedes: “Give me a fulcrum, and I will turn the Earth over” just describes the principle of the winch.
IMPORTANT! When working with such a device, the fulcrum is the body and the place where the winch is attached. Both elements must be reliable.
A hand winch, with the help of an attached shoulder, increases human strength so much that one operator can move cars or lift loads of several hundred kilograms. With the same (from the point of view of mechanics) principle of operation, these devices have various ways execution.
Manual drum winch - varieties
A hand winch with a drum is a classic of the genre. In addition to the common element - the pulley on which the cable is wound, the devices have Various types drive.
A large, main gear is firmly attached to the drum. The entire load falls on it, and on the fastening. Therefore, the reliability of the elements must be at the proper level. In mesh with the main one, there is a small driving gear.
The ratio of the number of teeth is the value of the gear ratio. In other words, gain. The drive gear is integral with the drive shaft. Since it is about hand tool– a handle for rotation is put on the shaft.
The length of the lever also affects the degree of reinforcement. The larger the handle arm, the less effort you need to apply.
By using similar devices you can lift several centners of cargo alone or move a car weighing 2-3 tons. At the same time, the rotation speed of the drum is quite high.
The design consists of two or more pairs of gears, each of which has a gain factor of tens of times. With sequential engagement, these coefficients add up, multiplying the force.
back side medals – proportional reduction in speed. With such a winch, you can carry out a slow vertical lifting of loads of more than a ton, but if you have to work with two bags of cement, the lifting time will stretch for tens of minutes.
Homemade hand hoist - good replacement industrial designs, because it is no less effective. So it’s worth getting such an assistant in the household, and we will help you do this and tell you about this device.
How does a manually driven hoist work?
A hoist is a suspended lifting device. It can be manual or electric; the second option is, of course, more common. A hoist, in general, is a special mechanism for lifting or lowering various loads, as well as for moving them. The lifting capacity can be up to 10 tons, and objects can be lifted to a height of up to 12 m - you must admit, not bad for a manually driven mechanism.
Based on these indicators, this device can be used to move various heavy goods, these can be objects household appliances – gas stoves or refrigerators, freezers or washing machines etc. Trade workers often use them to put goods on shelves. You cannot do without manual hoists during construction or repair work, where you often have to lift Construction Materials or tools.
An ordinary manual chain hoist has the following main elements: a chain hoist, consisting of movable and fixed blocks connected to each other; two-stage cylindrical coaxial gearbox, which has a manual mechanical drive; output shaft; specialized disc brake; additional system load braking; block pendant with hook. The operating principle is based on traction and load chain systems that have round links. The main types of manual hoists: gear and lever.
Gear manual hoists – is their popularity justified?
The main advantage of this type of hoists is considered to be simplicity of design and reliability. You can’t do without them in many industries: neither in the construction, nor in the mining industry, nor in agriculture, nor at fuel and energy enterprises and others. This device can be used not only indoors, but also outdoors. outdoors, even if there are no power sources. Moreover, such hoists are not only safe to use, but also unpretentious to use and have a durable mechanism.
The gear type of hoists is suitable for working with large loads weighing from 0.5 to 10 tons, and they can be freely lifted to a height of up to 12 m. A special load chain with a hook is designed for such a load, and the available additional drive chain will ensure not only good movement, but also easy movement of loads. You need to control the operation of such a hoist while standing on the ground. The action begins with the drive chain, this device is a stationary mechanism, and its purpose is to raise or lower loads from high shelves.
Monorails are installed indoors to move goods using hoists. Such stationary devices are usually used when there is no need to constantly move and lift loads. They are not designed for a large amount of work, and the movement speed is very low, this must be taken into account when choosing this tool. But at the same time, if you need to lift a fragile product or object, then these are the most successful hoists. Now we need to talk about the competitive model.
Lever hoist – advantageous physics of load capacity
This type of hoist is necessary for working with small loads, the weight of which is no more than 5 tons, and it can be raised to a height equal to the height of a person. It all depends on the design solution. Raising, lowering and moving is carried out using a lever built into the body. The hoist is controlled by an operator located near the device. Such models are good for tensioning cables and lifting loads. Since they are not suitable for a large volume of work, utility services find use for them.
They are necessary when you need to tension cables or install pipes at the bottom of trenches, as well as for installing hatches. With their help, foresters pull out stumps, and industrialists place heavy equipment in workshops. Often their purpose is to lift the load in order to work with it, so. It can be different renovation work, for example, in car repair shops. To facilitate the work with lever hoists, they are additionally equipped with special trolleys.
Worm worm hoists - a compact strongman
In addition to these main types of manual hoists, there are also others. IN Lately Worm worm hoists are often used. To operate, they are hung stationary or a mobile “cat” is used. This is convenient for moving loads horizontally; such hoists can move along I-beams. There are a lot of models of this type of device. They are used for lifting or holding loads in a raised position; they are also suitable for moving. Everything happens along a special suspended track made of I-beam profile.
Their advantage is that work can be performed in small spaces, and the distance between beams and loads can be insignificant. Such hoists can also be used for work outdoors.
They have some features, for example, a rotating casing (and the design can rotate all 360 degrees) allows you to control work from anywhere, that is, you can raise and lower the load in any position. This creates additional safety; during operation, the operator can be located on the side of the hoists and also from the load itself. This type of hoist is also distinguished by its reliability, wear resistance and low-heating brake. All this makes them quiet and comfortable. And thanks to the low building height, you can work with this equipment in confined spaces in vertical positions.
Homemade manual hoist - a free household assistant
Often you have to carry out repair work at home, and you need to lift tools and materials. If you buy a manual hoist, it is expensive, and often you don’t have time. In this case, you can do it yourself.
The winch is one of the oldest devices that facilitates the movement of heavy objects, invented by man much earlier than he knew the laws of physics. The principle of operation of the winch is based on the rule of leverage: by applying minor forces to the handle, you can move and lift quite heavy objects. Winches and hoists are widely used on the farm for lifting building materials, dragging loads, and even for plowing land. Winches, powered by manual or electric drive, are also indispensable for lovers of off-road travel.
Buy a winch or make it yourself? Which winch design is better? The answers to these questions depend on how often you are going to use it, what loads to move. Manual winches require force but are not dependent on electrical power. An electric winch can move heavy loads without any effort on your part, but it must be connected to the mains or battery. Below are the designs of several winches, which you can do with your own hands, which winch to choose is up to you.
Winch made from a cable and a piece of pipe
A variant of the simplest winch, which can be made in literally from scrap materials and in a few minutes, popular among car enthusiasts. This design is a cable rigidly fixed on a piece of pipe, put on the axle. The axle is driven into the ground or secured in some other way. Any lever is slipped under the lower coil of the cable: a handle from a shovel, a pipe, a strong pole. By rotating the lever so that the cable is wound around the pipe, you can move a fairly heavy object, such as a stuck car. This device cannot be called a full-fledged winch, but it performs its functions.
Hand winches include any device that allows you to move loads and has a manual drive. The most common are drum-type winches: a cable is wound on the reel, and the reel is rotated with the help of a handle through a reduction gear: a worm gear or a system of sprockets different sizes. The larger the gear ratio, the less force is required to apply to the handle.
For efficient operation, a hand winch must be rigidly fixed to a stationary object; for this, mounting holes are made on the winch frame. The handle is connected to the shaft, on which a small asterisk is rigidly fixed. The coil is rigidly connected to a large sprocket, which has a clutch with a small one. The cable is attached at one end to the coil, a carabiner or hook is attached to the second end.
Do-it-yourself winch with manual or electric drive
If you have the skills to work with a welding machine, you can make a winch yourself from improvised materials.
You will need:
- Rectangular pipe for making the frame;
- Pipe or finished drum shaft;
- Sheet metal for drum discs, thickness 3 mm;
- Studs with M10-M12 thread, 24 cm long - 6 pieces, nuts;
- Tube with a diameter of Ø14 – 6 identical pieces of 20 cm;
- Large and small sprockets and chain;
- Hubs for attaching the drum to the shaft and for attaching the shaft to the frame;
- Lever for manual drive, petrol or Electrical engine, operating from a ~220 V network or a car battery;
- Cable required length with a carabiner at the end;
- Welding machine and electrodes;
- Grinder with cutting and grinding disc;
- Paint and primer for metal;
Set of wrenches.
Winch manufacturing technology:
- According to the drawing, a 20x20 mm rectangular pipe for the frame is cut with a grinder. All connections made perpendicularly are obtained by cutting the workpieces at an angle of 45 degrees.
- Lay out the workpieces on flat surface. Weld the winch frame using welding machine pointwise at the junction of the workpieces. Check the perpendicularity of the corners and the consistency of the dimensions, after which the seams are completely welded. Weld the platform from sheet metal With longitudinal grooves for mounting the drive motor. Remove scale and burrs with an angle grinder grinding wheel.
- The frame is sanded, coated with a primer for metal, and after drying - with paint or enamel in two layers.
- Start making the drum. Two circles of the same diameter are cut out of sheet metal - approximately 30 cm. In the center of each circle, a hole is drilled along the diameter of the shaft, six holes are also made at a distance of 7-8 cm from the center. Drill holes for fastening the hubs - 4 on each disk. The hubs are secured to a bolted connection. The drum disks are fastened with studs: each stud is fixed in one disk, a Ø14 tube is put on it, after which the second disk is put on the studs and tightened onto nuts and locknuts.
- The drum is mounted on a shaft. The shaft can be made from metal pipe of a suitable diameter or use a ready-made high-strength steel shaft from any mechanism. A large sprocket is fixed on the shaft on the outside of the drum - you can use an asterisk from a motorcycle gearbox, for example. Hubs are installed on the protruding parts of the shaft to fix the drum on the frame.
- Install the drum with the shaft on the frame, fixing them with external hubs and bolts. An electric or Gas engine with a small sprocket rigidly fixed to the output shaft. Put on the chain and adjust its tension by moving the electric motor along the platform in the rectangular mounting grooves to the optimal position. The chain should not sag, but too much tension is not advisable - wear on the sprockets will increase, and the chain may also break. You can check the chain tension by rotating the drum with your hands - it should not hinder the rotation of the drum when unwinding the cable.
- Wind the cable around the drum, securing its end to the shaft. The second end of the cable is equipped with a durable carabiner. For ease of movement, the winch is mounted on a frame with a wheel pair using a shank.
- The shank on the opposite side is designed for attaching the winch to the vehicle. In this case, it is recommended to close the drum protective casing, preventing dirt and precipitation from getting onto the cable.
- If the drive is planned to be universal, then a handle can be mounted on the outside of the shaft. In this case, in the absence of fuel or electricity, it will be possible to use the winch manually.
The presented winch design is simple and reliable, and although it does not have the ability to switch gear ratio, reverse and other auxiliary functions, it performs the task of moving heavy loads in a horizontal plane perfectly. If it is necessary to lift a load to a greater height, such a winch can be used in combination with a manual hoist or simply by throwing the cable over a strong support.
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A hoist is a device for lifting and lowering a load. In addition, such a mechanism can hold the load in a suspended position. Hoists can be manually or electrically driven. With an electric drive, an electric motor is responsible for the movement of the cables. Manual hoist uses a chain mechanism. Such a device can be gear or lever. In this article I will talk about the principles of operation of a manual hoist.
Most a good decision To lift the load and work with it at height, a manual gear hoist is used. This mechanism is designed for raising and lowering loads of various configurations. As the name of this device implies, the mechanism is driven manually. This does not require an energy source. A person who does not have much strength can operate a manual chain hoist.
The operating principle of a chain hoist is not very complicated. This mechanism can be used as self lift or as part of the crane-beam structure. Tal can be mobile, lever or stationary.
To work with a stationary hoist, the operator must be located directly next to the load. Thanks to the rotating casing, the load can not only be raised and lowered, but also unfolded for more comfortable work with him.
The mobile chain hoist is attached to an I-beam profile, along which, using the carriage included in the hoist, loads can be moved in two directions: vertical and horizontal. Such a hoist, which is mounted on a carriage, is called a hoist.
How does a chain hoist work?
A chain hoist consists of two blocks and a chain thrown between them. The lower block has a chain sprocket, and the upper block has two sprockets of different diameters. It is because of the difference in the diameters of the sprockets that the load is lifted more efficiently.
In addition, we should not forget about increasing the efficiency of the hoist due to the block system.
Advantage of chain hoist:
Compactness;
Light weight;
Ease of use;
No energy consumption;
Durability;
Relatively low cost.
You can learn about chain hoists on the website stropu71.ru.
Here you can also purchase cable slings and other lifting mechanisms and accessories for them. The Partner StroyServis company has been supplying lifting and geodetic equipment for about ten years. In addition, the services of this company include the design and manufacture of slings and ropes of any size and type.
The movement mechanisms of hoists, the load capacity of which is 1, 2 and 3 tons, include such elements as a driven and idle trolley, and a traverse. Using the last element, the lifting mechanism is fixed and connected to the movement unit.
The hoist trolleys are attached to the traverse using hinge pins vertical type. This design ensures a turning angle of the trolley of 15-18 degrees.
Thanks to the hinged design (guide rollers are provided on the vertical axes), the hoist with the movement mechanism freely passes along paths that have a minimum radius of curvature.
Due to the low-mounted electric motor, the movement mechanism of the electric hoist easily overcomes small switches.
The monorail mechanism for moving electric hoists is offered in normal and reduced dimensions.
The movement mechanisms of normal-sized hoists are equipped with one common sidewall on each side. The motor is mounted on one side via a flange. The connection between the motor shaft and the primary gear is realized through the use of a reduction attachment.
The hoist with a reduced size movement mechanism is characterized by a different type of construction. Instead of two, there are 4 sidewalls (two driven and two driven).
Only 1 trolley is provided on devices with a small load capacity and a low lift height. The trolley is rigidly fixed to the body using a frame.
For hoists equipped with a pair of trolleys, 2 types of fastening are provided - rigid (frame) and articulated (special bolt).
Variations of fastening mechanisms for moving electric hoists
The design of the lifting mechanism is adapted to the fixation of the unit for moving the load along the horizontal plane. Such mechanisms are being developed for monorail or double-rail tracks. Clamps can be of the following types:
- Rigid (hinged) – for a normal-sized movement mechanism. Pulley hoist 2/1 and 4/1. Figure 4A shows an electric hoist with one trolley.
- Hinged (Fig. 4B I) – lifting device not rigidly fixed around the axle and road wheels.
- Swinging or semi-hinged - the lifting mechanism swings. In Fig. 4B shows an electric hoist with two trolleys.
- Non-jointed 2/1 and 4/1. Designed for hoists with reduced dimensions of the movement mechanism. The lifting unit is mounted on the side of the rail track. This design allows you to save useful space.
- Lifting mechanism with a unit for moving along a double-rail track. Fig 6.
Figure 4 shows a diagram of the movement mechanism, which includes an electric motor (2), a gearbox (3), a driving unit (4), a driven unit (5).
Homemade winch (telpher, hoist). How to do lifting mechanism for garage, workshop, construction site.
Many home craftsmen would like to have some kind of lifting mechanism in their garage or workshop, such as a hoist, hoists or winch. Of course, you can buy them ready-made, but they are usually not very cheap - several thousand rubles. And they are not often on sale. Car rescue lever winches available in almost any store cannot be used to lift loads. Because their stoppers are made with ratchet mechanism. But it only works well in one direction. It is easy to lift a load with such a winch. But lowering it smoothly is problematic. When independently manufacturing hoists or winches, the master is faced with the problem of where to get a powerful, reliable gearbox (with a gear ratio of at least 1:20 - 50) and always with a self-braking effect. As a rule, these are powerful worm gearboxes and they do not often fall into the hands of a master.
Meanwhile, almost anyone can make a homemade winch or hoist, and, as they say, from scrap materials. Threaded rods up to 2 meters long are available for sale. And it can serve as an excellent gearbox for a homemade lifting mechanism.
The design of such a winch is clear from the sketches. The principle of operation of the winch is simple. If you rotate the threaded stud itself, and do not allow the nut on this stud to scroll, then the nut will move along the stud. The force during this movement is much greater than is required to rotate the pin (all work on the same principle). screw jacks, the increase in force there reaches 20-30 times the magnitude).
The ends of the stud are fixed in bearings, which, in turn, are installed in the bearings. A stud nut is a rectangular metal plate to which conventional nuts are welded. The plate prevents the nuts from turning. A cable is also attached to the plate. The cable is passed through one of the supports and thrown over the block. At the other end of the cable there is a lifting hook or a sling system (this depends on the purpose of the lifting winch).
The pin drive is easiest done manually. To do this, a pulley or gear is attached to one of its ends. (you can, for example, even use a bicycle). A strong cord or chain is thrown over a pulley or gear in an endless loop. If you pull on either side of the cord, the stud will rotate and the nut will move along the stud. Accordingly, there will be a cable behind it, and the load will either fall or rise. The self-braking of the mechanism is absolute, no force on the nut will make the stud rotate. Most likely, the whole thread will break off.
Of course, you can also make an electric drive using any reversible electric motor with a power of 200-500 watts. It is convenient to use, for example, some inexpensive electric drill with rotation direction switch. Nowadays there are many such drills available for sale. The electric drive can be made both directly and through an additional pulley or flexible shaft.
Such a homemade winch can lift a weight of several hundred kilograms. In most cases this is sufficient for household needs. The length of the stud, or rather the ability to move the nut along it, determines the lifting height (in the simplest version of this homemade hoist). If you take a 2-meter long hairpin, then this height will be approximately 170-180 cm, which in the vast majority of cases is more than enough for a home workshop or garage. However, it is not difficult to increase the lifting height using simple techniques.
The support (base) for such a winch can be made from durable dry wooden beam or thick board. Although of course it is better to use metallic profile or channel. All connections are made by checking or using bolts. It all depends on the purpose and capabilities of the master. It is not difficult to organize the movement of this hoist under the ceiling. For example, using some kind of T-beam placed in the center of the workshop. And install the caliper itself on the beam so that it can rotate around its center. Then almost any point in the garage or workshop will be accessible. A similar result can, of course, be achieved with the help of various blocks, it would be possible to attach it to something. Of course, the floor beams of the building must also be designed for additional load.
Based on similar homemade winches, you can make a homemade one crane. This will require at least two of these winches. It is most convenient to place them in the crane boom. One of the winches will lift the boom itself (change its angle of inclination), and the second will lift the load itself. Of course, you shouldn’t forget about the counterweight.
Simplicity and accessibility homemade winch opens up a wide enough scope for its use in a home workshop, garage or construction site.
Konstantin Timoshenko
