Design norms and rules. Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Norms and rules for designing Sp 5 on fire safety

In this case, when determining the number of detectors, the combined detector is taken into account as one detector.

13.3.16. Floor-mounted detectors can be used to protect the area below a perforated false ceiling if the following conditions are met simultaneously:

The perforation has a periodic structure and its area exceeds 40% of the surface;

The minimum size of each perforation in any section is at least 10 mm;

The thickness of the false ceiling is no more than three times minimum size perforation cells.

13.3.17. The detectors should be oriented so that the indicators are directed, if possible, towards the door leading to the exit from the room.

13.3.18. The placement and use of fire detectors, the order of use of which is not defined in this set of rules, must be carried out in accordance with the recommendations agreed in in due course.

1 area of use
2. Regulatory references
3. Terms and definitions
4. General provisions
5. Water and foam fire extinguishing installations
6. Fire extinguishing installations with high expansion foam
7. Robotic fire complex
8. Settings gas fire extinguishing
9. Powder fire extinguishing installations of modular type
10. Aerosol fire extinguishing installations
11. Autonomous fire extinguishing installations
12. Control equipment for fire extinguishing installations
13. Fire alarm systems
14. The relationship of fire alarm systems with other systems and engineering equipment objects
15. Power supply of fire alarm systems and fire extinguishing installations
16. Protective grounding and zeroing. Safety requirements
17. General provisions taken into account when choosing technical means of fire automatics
Annex A. List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment to be protected by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms
Appendix B. Groups of premises (production and technological processes) according to the degree of risk of fire development, depending on their functional purpose and fire load of combustible materials
Appendix B. Methodology for calculating the parameters of AFS for surface fire extinguishing with water and low expansion foam
Appendix D. Methodology for calculating the parameters of fire extinguishing installations with high-expansion foam
Appendix E. Initial data for calculating the mass of gaseous fire extinguishing agents
Appendix E. Method for calculating the mass of gas extinguishing agent for gas fire extinguishing installations when extinguishing by volumetric method
Appendix G. Technique for hydraulic calculation of low pressure carbon dioxide fire extinguishing installations
Annex H. Methodology for calculating the area of the opening for discharge overpressure in premises protected by gas fire extinguishing installations
Annex I. General provisions for the calculation of modular type powder fire extinguishing installations
Appendix K. Methodology for calculating automatic aerosol fire extinguishing installations
Appendix K. Methodology for calculating excess pressure when fire extinguishing aerosol is supplied to the room
Appendix M. Selection of types of fire detectors depending on the purpose of the protected premises and the type of fire load
Appendix H. Installation locations of manual fire detectors depending on the purpose of buildings and premises
Appendix O. Determination of the set time for detecting a malfunction and eliminating it
Appendix P. Distances from the upper overlap point to the measuring element of the detector
Annex P. Techniques for improving the reliability of the fire signal
Bibliography

Good afternoon Students of our course of normative documents fire safety, as well as regular Readers of our site and colleagues in the shop. We continue our course of studying normative documents in the field of fire safety. Today, at the twenty-third lesson, we continue to study the sets of rules that are an appendix to what we have already covered. federal law FZ-123, and are regulatory documents in the field of fire safety on the territory Russian Federation.

Today we will continue to study the provisions of SP 5.13130-2009 "Systems fire protection Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design norms and rules”, which we studied in previous lessons.

You can read earlier publications of course materials in

chronological order at the following links:

As always, before starting the topic of the twenty-third lesson, I suggest you answer a few homework questions on the previously covered material. Questions follow below. You answer questions, quiz yourself, and grade yourself.

Official Listeners do not need to do all this on their own - we will check the Listeners test and assign marks by us, by exchanging information by e-mail. Who wants to become an official student of the course, welcome - you can read the conditions by clicking on the first link in the text of the introductory lesson.

So, ten questions on the topic - provisions of SP 5.13130-2009:

9.2.7. For the calculated zone of local powder fire extinguishing, the size of the protected area increased by 10%, increased by ... .... select ... .% the size of the protected volume.

Choose from: (10) – (15) – (20) – (25)

9.2.8. Extinguishing with powder APT of the entire protected volume of the room is allowed to be provided in rooms with a degree of leakage up to ... .... select ... .%. In rooms with a volume of more than 400 cubic meters. m, as a rule, fire extinguishing methods are used - local over the area (volume) or over the entire area.

Choose from: (1%) – (1,5%) – (2%) – (2,5%) – (6%)

9.2.11. Pipelines and their connections in powder fire extinguishing installations must provide strength at a test pressure equal to ... .... choose .... R, where

P is the working pressure of the module.

Choose from: (1) – (1,15) – (1,25) – (1,3) – (1,35)

4. 12.1.1. Control equipment for fire extinguishing installations should provide:

a) generating a command to automatically start the fire extinguishing installation when two or more fire detectors are triggered, and for water and foam fire extinguishing installations, it is allowed to generate a command from two pressure alarms. Switching on of pressure alarms should be carried out according to the logical scheme.…….select…. ;……………..

Select from ("AND") - ("OR")

For fire extinguishing installations using water with the addition of a wetting agent based on a foam concentrate general purpose, irrigation intensity and flow rate are accepted in.…….choose…. . times less than for water.

Choose from: (1,2) – (1,5) – (1,8) – (2) – (6)

8.9.4. The pipelines of the gas APT systems must be securely fastened. The gap between the piping and the wall must be at least.…….choose…. cm.

Choose from (0,1) – (0,5) – (1) – (2) – (5)

a) in premises that cannot be left by people before the start of the supply of fire extinguishing powders;

b) in rooms with a large number of people (.…….choose…. person and more).

Choose from (10) – (30) – (50) – (100) – (500)

8. 8.10.2. The diameter of the conditional passage of the incentive pipelines of the gas APT systems should be taken equal to ... .... select .... mm.

Choose from (10) – (15) – (20) – (25) – (40)

9.1.4. Powder fire extinguishing installations should not be used to extinguish fires:

Combustible materials prone to spontaneous combustion and smoldering inside the volume of the substance ( sawdust, cotton, grass flour, etc.);

Pyrophoric substances and materials prone to smoldering and burning without air access.

LVZH and GZH

-select and remove the wrong position

10.9.2.4. When placing modules in the protected area…….choose…. local manual start.

Choose from (absence allowed) – (presence required) – (organization not allowed)

On this, we have finished checking the Homework, we are moving on to the twenty-third lesson, we continue to study the provisions of SP 5.13130-2009. As usual, I remind you that I will mark especially important places in the text that you just need to memorize in red font and my personal comments on the text in blue font.

13. Fire alarm systems

13.1. General provisions when choosing types of fire detectors for a protected object

13.1.1. The choice of the type of point smoke detector is recommended to be made in accordance with its sensitivity to different types fumes.

13.1.2. Fire flame detectors should be used if in the control zone in the event of a fire at its initial stage, the appearance of an open flame or overheated surfaces (usually over 600 ° C) is expected, as well as in the presence of flame burning, when the height of the room exceeds the limit values for use smoke or heat detectors, as well as at a high rate of fire development, when the time of fire detection by detectors of a different type does not allow fulfilling the tasks of protecting people and property.

13.1.3. The spectral sensitivity of the flame detector must correspond to the emission spectrum of the flame of combustible materials located in the control zone of the detector.

13.1.4. Thermal fire detectors should be used if heat release is expected in the control zone in the event of a fire at its initial stage and the use of detectors of other types is impossible due to the presence of factors leading to their activation in the absence of a fire.

13.1.5. Differential and maximum-differential thermal fire detectors should be used to detect a fire source, if there are no temperature drops in the control zone that are not associated with the onset of a fire that can trigger these types of fire detectors.

Maximum thermal fire detectors are not recommended for use in rooms where the air temperature during a fire may not reach the detectors' response temperature or reach it after an unacceptably long time.

13.1.6. When choosing thermal fire detectors, it should be taken into account that the operating temperature of the maximum and maximum differential detectors must be at least 20 ° C higher than the maximum allowable air temperature in the room.

13.1.7. Gas fire detectors are recommended to be used if in the control zone in the event of a fire at its initial stage, the release of a certain type of gases in concentrations that can cause the detectors to operate is expected. Gas fire detectors should not be used in rooms where, in the absence of a fire, gases may appear in concentrations that cause the detectors to operate.

13.1.8. In the event that the prevailing fire factor is not determined in the control zone, it is recommended to use a combination of fire detectors that respond to various fire factors, or combined fire detectors.

Note - The dominant fire factor is considered to be the factor, the detection of which occurs at the initial stage of the fire in the shortest time.

13.1.9. The total value of the time of fire detection by fire detectors and the estimated time of evacuation of people should not exceed the time of occurrence of the maximum permissible values of dangerous fire factors.

13.1.10. The choice of types of fire detectors, depending on the purpose of the protected premises and the type of fire load, is recommended to be made in accordance with Appendix M. As you can see, the word “recommended” is written in this paragraph - do not confuse it with the word “necessary” or “should”. Try to adhere to Appendix M, but also take into account the features of the object to a greater extent, in accordance with the above paragraphs 13.1.2-13.1.8.

13.1.11. Fire detectors should be used in accordance with the requirements of this set of rules, other regulatory documents on fire safety, as well as technical documentation for detectors of specific types.

The design of the detectors must ensure their safety in relation to the external environment in accordance with the requirements. Here we are talking about the compliance of the degree of protection of the detector housing with the class of the zone according to the PUE. Many designers say that the PUE is for electricians and we, who design fire-fighting automation, are not credible. Here is your answer to this statement - the provisions of SP 5.13130-2009 are already difficult to protest.

The type and parameters of the detectors must ensure their resistance to the effects of climatic, mechanical, electromagnetic, optical, radiation and other environmental factors in the locations of the detectors. Sometimes, designers stubbornly install smoke detectors in a damp basement of an office building or in an unheated vestibule at the entrance to the same office building. They are guided by Appendix M - ABA, which means smoke. It is not right. The above requirement for climate sustainability has not been canceled and it has a more dominant position than the recommended Appendix M.

(Clause 13.1.11 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order No. 274 of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of 01.06.2011)

13.1.12. Smoke detectors powered by a fire alarm loop and having a built-in sound annunciator are recommended to be used for prompt, local notification and determination of the location of a fire in premises where the following conditions are simultaneously met:

the main factor in the occurrence of a fire in the initial stage is the appearance of smoke;

the presence of people is possible in the protected premises.

Such detectors should be included in a unified fire alarm system with the output of alarm notices to the fire alarm control device located in the premises of the duty personnel.

Notes:

2. The use of these detectors does not exclude the equipment of the building with a warning system in accordance with (15). A very significant point. Sometimes, given the presence of “beepers” in fire detectors, the designer or owner decides to save money and not design the SOUE system. It won't pass.

13.2. Requirements for the organization of fire alarm control zones

13.2.1. One fire alarm loop with fire detectors (one air sampling pipe if used aspiration detector) that do not have an address, it is allowed to equip a control zone, including:

premises located on no more than two interconnected floors, with a total area of \u200b\u200bthe premises of 300 square meters. m or less;

up to ten isolated and adjacent premises with a total area of not more than 1600 sq. m, located on one floor of the building, while isolated rooms must have access to a common corridor, hall, lobby, etc.;

up to twenty isolated and adjacent premises with a total area of not more than 1600 sq. m, located on one floor of the building, while isolated rooms must have access to a common corridor, hall, vestibule, etc., if there is a remote light alarm about the operation of fire detectors above the entrance to each controlled room;

conventional fire alarm loops must unite the premises in accordance with their division into protection zones. In addition, fire alarm loops must unite the premises in such a way that the time for determining the place of fire by the on-duty personnel with semi-automatic control does not exceed 1/5 of the time, after which it is possible to safely evacuate people and extinguish the fire. If the specified time exceeds the given value, the control shall be automatic.

The maximum number of non-address fire detectors powered by the alarm loop must ensure the registration of all notifications provided for in the control panel used.

13.2.2. The maximum number and area of premises protected by one address line with addressable fire detectors or addressable devices is determined by the technical capabilities of the receiving and control equipment, technical specifications detectors included in the line and does not depend on the location of the premises in the building.

Addressable fire alarm loops, together with addressable fire detectors, may include addressable input/output devices, addressable control modules for addressless loops with included addressless fire detectors, short circuit separators, addressable actuators. The possibility of including addressable devices in the addressable loop and their number are determined by the technical characteristics of the equipment used, given in the manufacturer's technical documentation.

Addressable security detectors or non-addressable security detectors through addressable devices can be included in the address lines of control panels, provided that the necessary algorithms for the operation of fire and security systems are provided.

(Clause 13.2.2 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order No. 274 of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of 01.06.2011)

13.2.3. The remoteness of radio channel devices from the control panel is determined in accordance with the manufacturer's data given in the technical documentation and confirmed in the prescribed manner.

13.3. Placement of fire detectors

13.3.1. The number of automatic fire detectors is determined by the need to detect fires in the controlled area of the premises or areas of the premises, and the number of flame detectors is determined by the controlled area of the equipment.

13.3.2. In each protected room, at least two fire detectors connected according to the “OR” logic circuit should be installed.

Note - In the case of using an aspiration detector, unless specifically specified, it is necessary to proceed from the following provision: one air intake hole should be considered as one point (non-address) fire detector. In this case, the detector must generate a fault signal in the event of a deviation in the air flow rate in the air intake pipe by 20% from its initial value set as an operating parameter. This point must be understood correctly. AT LEAST TWO - this does not mean that any fire detectors can be installed in the amount of two pieces! The key word here is not "TWO", but "NO LESS". This means that TWO detectors can be installed under certain conditions, and if these conditions are not met, then more than two detectors will have to be installed. Further, in the text, the provisions of SP 5.13130-2009 offer clauses 14.1 and 14.3, where the number of fire detectors required for installation is considered in more detail.

13.3.3. It is allowed to install one automatic fire detector in the protected premises or allocated parts of the premises, if the following conditions are simultaneously met:

a) the area of the room is not more than the area protected by the fire detector, indicated in the technical documentation for it, and not more than the average area indicated in tables 13.3-13.6 .;

b) automatic monitoring of the fire detector performance under the influence of environmental factors is provided, confirming the performance of its functions, and a notice of serviceability (malfunction) is generated on the control panel;

c) identification of a faulty detector using light indication and the possibility of its replacement by the duty personnel within the set time, determined in accordance with Appendix O.

d) upon operation of a fire detector, a signal is not generated to control fire extinguishing installations or fire warning systems of the 5th type according to (15), as well as other systems, the false operation of which can lead to unacceptable material losses or reduce the level of people's safety. Yes, you can install one fire detector, but read carefully the points under which conditions this is possible. And you should also understand that the possibility of installing a specific fire detector in the amount of 1 (One) piece must be determined not only by you, as a designer, but also by a more authoritative expert organization. Typically, matching specific model of the fire detector in clause 13.3.3 is confirmed by an information letter from VNIIPO after the test tests have been carried out. We wrote an article on this topic on our website - read it and you will understand everything. Here is a link - installation of one addressable fire detector in the room. Regulatory references, explanations of requirements, recommendations and conclusion of VNIIPO download.

13.3.4. Point fire detectors should be installed under the ceiling.

If it is not possible to install detectors directly on the ceiling, they can be installed on cables, as well as walls, columns and other supporting building structures. An important point - as you can see, the type of fire detectors that can be installed on cables is not defined. Therefore, those who say that smoke point fire detectors cannot be installed on a cable are wrong - you can ANY, as you can see, there are no prohibitions. However, subject to the obligatory observance of the conditions below.

When installing point detectors on walls, they should be placed at a distance of at least 0.5 m from the corner and at a distance from the ceiling in accordance with Appendix P.

The distance from the upper point of overlap to the detector at its installation site and depending on the height of the room and the shape of the overlap can be determined in accordance with Appendix P or at other heights, if the detection time is sufficient to perform fire protection tasks in accordance with GOST 12.1.004, which must be verified by calculation.

When the detectors are suspended on a cable, their stable position and orientation in space must be ensured. Permissible orientation in space of the smoke detector (horizontal or vertical) can be achieved by using two cables stretched in parallel. This is of course laborious, but sometimes there is simply no other way out. For example, stretch ceilings are available and there are only two options. Or you will have to cut holes in stretch ceiling for fire detectors, by analogy with built-in spotlights. Or here's an option - two parallel cables, a perforated galvanized plate between the cables, as a base and on this plate a horizontally oriented fire detector. I hope the design is clear, although it can be changed while maintaining the result achieved.

In the case of using aspiration detectors, it is allowed to install air sampling pipes, both in horizontal and in vertical plane.

When placing fire detectors at a height of more than 6 m, the option of access to the detectors for maintenance and repair should be determined. This point is often forgotten. Sometimes the project draws detectors in such hard-to-reach places that for installation it is necessary to stop production (for example) and build scaffolding all day just to get to the detector installation site. Keep in mind that such a decision can easily be challenged by a meticulous expert, based on the above provision of SP 5.13130-2009. Your head is for thinking. So approach the issue creatively, and do not mindlessly scribble what is then practically impossible to put into practice.

13.3.5. In rooms with steep roofs, such as diagonal, gable, four-slope, hipped, serrated, with a slope of more than 10 degrees, some of the detectors are installed in the vertical plane of the roof ridge or the highest part of the building.

The area protected by one detector installed in the upper parts of roofs is increased by 20%. I draw your attention - this is a real option to save both material and labor costs - do not neglect.

Note - If the floor plane has different slopes, then the detectors are installed at surfaces with smaller slopes.

13.3.6. Placement of point heat and smoke fire detectors should be carried out taking into account the air flows in the protected room caused by the supply and / or exhaust ventilation, while the distance from the detector to air vent must be at least 1 m. In the case of aspiration fire detectors, the distance from the air intake pipe with holes to the ventilation hole is regulated by the allowable air flow for this type of detector in accordance with the technical documentation for the detector. Pay attention and remember - the distance from the ventilation hole to the fire detector of 1 meter is required to be provided not only for SMOKE, but also for HEAT fire detectors. Many people believe that this moment is only for smoke rooms, since the smoke is drawn out by ventilation and the fire detector cannot accumulate the required amount of smoke in its smoke chamber to trigger a fire, which leads to an incorrect determination of the quality of the surrounding atmosphere and the presence of smoke in this atmosphere. So, whoever claims this is NOT RIGHT! Read more carefully the provisions of SP 5.13130-2009.

The horizontal and vertical distance from the detectors to nearby objects and devices, to electric lamps in any case should be at least 0.5 m. Fire detectors should be placed in such a way that nearby objects and devices (pipes, air ducts, equipment, etc.) do not interfere the effect of fire factors on the detectors, and the sources of light radiation, electromagnetic interference did not affect the preservation of the detector's performance. This paragraph is relatively new, only in the wording of Amendment 1 - in the first edition, the paragraph sounds differently. The new edition must be taken into account. Here it is necessary to pay attention to the words "Horizontal and vertical distance". This means that if a lamp is installed diagonally from the fire detector, closer than 0.5 meters (there are pendant lamps, not ceiling lamps) and horizontally this lamp recedes from the ceiling by more than the height of the fire detector housing, then this lamp horizontal interference for the fire detector does not cause. If, moreover, there is no interference vertically closer than 0.5 meters from the detector, then in general beauty - install boldly and if anyone finds fault with questions - send him to the above point.

(Clause 13.3.6 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order No. 274 of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of 01.06.2011)

13.3.7. The distances between the detectors, as well as between the wall and the detectors, given in tables 13.3 and 13.5, can be changed within the area given in tables 13.3 and 13.5. Hmm…….this is a clarification for the very “obedient”, who will accurately measure the number of meters indicated in the table. This means that if the table says that the distance between fire detectors is 9 meters, then 8 or 7 meters can be taken. No more than 9 meters means. This is the maximum allowable value.

13.3.8. Point smoke and heat detectors should be installed in each section of the ceiling with a width of 0.75 m or more, limited by building structures (beams, girders, plate ribs, etc.) protruding from the ceiling at a distance of more than 0.4 m. Here, as you can see, it is not exactly indicated HOW MANY fire detectors should be installed in each compartment of the ceiling. In order to accurately understand this issue, we wrote a request to the developers of the standards at the VNIIPO Fire Protection Institute and received a response. For more details, you can read in our article by clicking on the link - how many fire detectors should be installed in a compartment limited by beams of more than 0.4 meters? And one more link - the continuation of the article - fire detectors in the ceiling compartment with beams over 0.4 meters (clarification)! This is a must read!

If building structures protrude from the ceiling at a distance of more than 0.4 m, and the compartments they form are less than 0.75 m wide, the area controlled by fire detectors, indicated in tables 13.3 and 13.5, is reduced by 40%.

If there are protruding parts on the ceiling from 0.08 to 0.4 m, the area controlled by fire detectors, indicated in tables 13.3 and 13.5, is reduced by 25%.

The maximum distance between the detectors along the linear beams is determined according to tables 13.3 and 13.5, taking into account clause 13.3.10.

(Clause 13.3.8 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order No. 274 of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of 01.06.2011)

13.3.9. Point and linear, smoke and heat fire detectors, as well as aspiration ones, should be installed in each compartment of the room formed by stacks of materials, racks, equipment and building structures, the upper edges of which are 0.6 m or less from the ceiling. A very important point - remember and follow. Often they do not attach importance and receive, accordingly, comments.

13.3.10. When installing point smoke detectors in rooms less than 3 m wide or under a raised floor or above a false ceiling and in other spaces less than 1.7 m high, the distances between the detectors indicated in Table 13.3 can be increased by 1.5 times. Pay attention to the wording. The phrase “distances between detectors” is written can be increased by 1.5 times. This does not mean that the distance from the wall to the detector can also be increased! Very common mistake- increase all the distances in a row.

13.3.11. When placing fire detectors under a raised floor, above a false ceiling and in other inaccessible places, it should be possible to determine the location of the triggered detector (for example, they must be addressable or addressable, that is, have an addressable device, or connected to independent fire alarm loops, or must have a remote optical indication, etc.). The design of the raised floor and false ceiling slabs should provide access to fire detectors for their maintenance. Here key moment paragraph is part of the phrase "have a remote optical indication, etc." The main point is "etc." This assumption “and the like” makes it possible to simply stick some kind of sign on a suspended ceiling, indicating that a detector is installed in this place behind the ceiling. For example, a red paper circle or a yellow square or whatever you think of. And it won't be a violation.

13.3.12. Fire detectors should be installed in accordance with the requirements of the technical documentation for detectors of specific types. However, it often happens that the technical documentation says "YES", but the provisions of SP 5.13130-2009 or another regulatory document says "NO". In this case, it is necessary to do "NO", as it is necessary to comply with the requirements of all requirements. Sometimes manufacturers, in order to increase sales of their products, “crush” the norms a little - like, for all others similar products other manufacturers are “impossible”, according to the norms, and for our product “even a little possible”. How at the same time they manage to get a PB certificate for their products is a completely different story and I think that the story is “not without sin”.

13.3.13. In places where there is danger mechanical damage detector, a protective structure must be provided that does not impair its performance and the effectiveness of fire detection.

13.3.14. In the case of installation in one control zone of different types of fire detectors, their placement is carried out in accordance with the requirements of these standards for each type of detector.

13.3.15. If the prevailing fire factor is not determined, it is allowed to install combined fire detectors (smoke - heat) or a combination of smoke and heat fire detectors. In this case, the location of the detectors is made according to table 13.5.

If the predominant fire factor is smoke, the detectors are placed according to Table 13.3 or 13.6.

In this case, when determining the number of detectors, the combined detector is taken into account as one detector. Important point. I was performing an appraisal of a project in which combined smoke-heat detectors were installed and the designer took this detector as if it were two separate fire detectors installed next to each other. At the same time, he wrote the thesis that each point of the room is controlled by at least two fire detectors. Brilliant! In general, I made a remark and sent the project for revision.

13.3.16. Floor-mounted detectors can be used to protect the area below a perforated false ceiling if the following conditions are met simultaneously:

perforation has a periodic structure and its area exceeds 40% of the surface;

the minimum size of each perforation in any section is at least 10 mm;

the thickness of the false ceiling is no more than three times the minimum size of the perforation cell.

If at least one of these requirements is not met, the detectors must be installed on the false ceiling in the main room, and if it is necessary to protect the space behind the false ceiling, additional detectors must be installed on the main ceiling. An important point that determines the requirements for perforation of a suspended ceiling. Many believe that if there is any kind of perforation (a couple of small holes) in false ceiling, then that's it - the smoke passes and you can get by with ceiling detectors. NO-FI-GA like that!

13.3.17. The detectors should be oriented so that the indicators are directed, if possible, towards the door leading to the exit from the room. Well, as a matter of fact. Earlier, I myself always wrote in the projects this requirement in the part of the project "installation instructions" and demanded to write from other designers, whose projects I checked and made an opinion. Often heard behind the back "WOOOOO ...... BEAST !!!". I'm picking on them, like. However, imagine the situation. A competent inspector came to the already assembled object and took and wrote comments on the installation, on the basis of the above paragraph, and demanded that the comments be eliminated within a certain period. What result? The installers are furious - it’s again that they will have to climb all the ceilings, turn the detectors with indicators to front door, re-switch everything ……..this is longing! Moreover, pay attention - in the paragraph of the norms the word "should be oriented" is written. It doesn't say "recommended". Should - means, it is necessary to correct. Claims can be brought against the designer for not writing this very phrase!

13.3.18. The placement and use of fire detectors, the application procedure of which is not defined in this set of rules, must be carried out in accordance with the recommendations agreed upon in the prescribed manner.

13.4. Point smoke detectors

13.4.1. The area controlled by one point smoke detector, as well as the maximum distance between the detectors, the detector and the wall, except for the cases specified in 13.3.7, must be determined according to table 13.3, but not exceeding the values \u200b\u200bspecified in specifications and passports for detectors of specific types.

Table 13.3

13.5. Linear smoke detectors

13.5.1. The emitter and receiver (transceiver and reflector) of a linear smoke detector should be installed on walls, partitions, columns and other structures that ensure their rigid fastening, so that their optical axis passes at a distance of at least 0.1 m and no more 0.6 m from the floor level.

Note - It is allowed to place detectors lower than 0.6 m from the ceiling level, if the detection time is sufficient to perform fire protection tasks, which must be confirmed by calculation. There are a lot of questions about what kind of calculation this is. The calculation is not simple, taking into account the peculiarities of the spread of fire at the facility, the type of combustible load in the room, the time of evacuation at the facility. Moreover, this is for each protected room separately. It would be better not to mess with the calculation. If it is not possible to install according to the standard distances, then it is better to change the type of detectors. It will be faster and more efficient.

13.5.2. The emitter and receiver (transceiver and reflector) of a linear smoke detector should be placed in such a way that various objects do not fall into the detection zone of the fire detector during its operation. The minimum and maximum distance between the emitter and receiver or detector and reflector is determined by the technical documentation for detectors of specific types.

13.5.3. When monitoring the protected area with two or more linear smoke detectors in rooms up to 12 m high, the maximum distance between their parallel optical axes should be no more than 9.0 m, and the optical axis and the wall - no more than 4.5 m.

13.5.4. In rooms with a height of over 12 m and up to 21 m linear detectors, as a rule, should be installed in two tiers in accordance with table 13.4, while:

the first tier of detectors should be located at a distance of 1.5 - 2 m from the upper level of the fire load, but not less than 4 m from the floor plane;

the second tier of detectors should be located at a distance of no more than 0.8 m from the floor level

Table 13.4

13.5.5. The detectors should be installed in such a way that the minimum distance from their optical axes to walls and surrounding objects is at least 0.5 m.

In addition, the minimum distances between their optical axes, from optical axes to walls and surrounding objects, in order to avoid mutual interference, must be set in accordance with the requirements of technical documentation.

13.6. Point thermal fire detectors

13.6.1. The area controlled by one point heat fire detector, as well as the maximum distance between the detectors, the detector and the wall, except for the cases specified in clause 13.3.7, must be determined according to table 13.5, but not exceeding the values \u200b\u200bspecified in the technical specifications and passports for detectors.

Table 13.5

13.6.2. Thermal fire detectors should be located taking into account the exclusion of the influence of thermal effects on them that are not associated with a fire.

13.7. Linear thermal fire detectors

13.7.1. The sensitive element of linear and multi-point thermal fire detectors is placed under the ceiling or in direct contact with the fire load.

13.7.2. When installing non-cumulative action detectors under the ceiling, the distance between the axes of the detector's sensing element must meet the requirements of Table 13.5.

The distance from the sensitive element of the detector to the ceiling must be at least 25 mm.

When storing materials on a rack, it is allowed to lay the sensitive element of the detectors along the top of the tiers and racks.

The placement of sensitive elements of cumulative action detectors is carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer of this detector, agreed with the authorized organization.

13.8. Flame detectors

13.8.1. Flame fire detectors should be installed on ceilings, walls and other building structures of buildings and structures, as well as on process equipment. If smoke is possible at the initial stage of a fire, the distance from the detector to the ceiling must be at least 0.8 m.

13.8.2. The placement of flame detectors must be done taking into account the exclusion of possible effects of optical interference.

Pulse type detectors should not be used if the area of the burning surface of the fire seat can exceed the area of the detector control zone for 3 s.

13.8.3. The control zone must be controlled by at least two flame detectors connected according to the “AND” logical scheme, and the location of the detectors must ensure control of the protected surface, as a rule, from opposite directions.

It is allowed to use one fire detector in the control zone, if at the same time the detector can control the entire zone and the conditions of clause 13.3.3 "b", "c", "d" are met.

13.8.4. The area of the room or equipment controlled by the flame detector should be determined based on the value of the detector's viewing angle, sensitivity in accordance with GOST R 53325, as well as the sensitivity to the flame of a particular combustible material given in the technical documentation for the detector.

13.9. Aspirating smoke fire detectors

13.9.1. Smoke aspiration fire detectors (IPDA) should be installed in accordance with Table 13.6, depending on the sensitivity class.

Table 13.6

Aspirating smoke detectors of class A, B are recommended for the protection of large open spaces and rooms with a room height of more than 8 m: in atriums, production shops, warehouses, trading floors, passenger terminals, sports halls and stadiums, circuses, exhibition halls of museums, art galleries, etc., as well as to protect premises with a high concentration of electronic equipment: server rooms, automatic telephone exchanges, data processing centers.

13.9.2. It is allowed to embed the air intake pipes of the aspiration detector into building structures or interior finishing elements while maintaining access to the air intake openings. The pipes of the aspiration detector can be located behind false ceiling(under the raised floor) with air intake through additional capillary tubes of variable length passing through the false ceiling/raised floor with the air intake opening into the main space of the room. It is allowed to use holes in the air intake pipe (including through the use of capillary tubes) to control the presence of smoke both in the main and in the allocated space (behind the false ceiling / under the raised floor). If necessary, it is allowed to use capillary tubes with a hole at the end for protection hard-to-reach places, as well as air sampling from the internal space of units, mechanisms, racks, etc.

13.9.3. The maximum length of the air intake pipe, as well as maximum amount air intake openings are determined by the technical characteristics of the aspiration fire detector.

13.9.4. When installing pipes of aspiration smoke fire detectors in rooms less than 3 m wide or under a raised floor, or above a false ceiling and in other spaces with a height of less than 1.7 m, the distances between the air intake pipes and the wall indicated in Table 13.6 may be increased by 1.5 times. Please note - we are talking only about increasing the distances between the pipes and the wall! The distance between the air sampling openings remains unchanged. By the way, again, here is a blot in the norms - the table shows the distances between the air intake holes and the wall, and not between the air intake pipes and the wall! Rulemakers, damn…..! Well, it is already implied here, as it is written in the text “….indicated in Table 13.6…”, i.e. there is no other explanation. Although, the norms must be written absolutely specifically and accurately and not allow ambiguous interpretations.

Given the considerable amount of information that needs to be memorized and which has already been presented above, this concludes the twenty-second lesson. Further in the text, we will study the provisions of 5.13130-2009 in the next lesson, which will be the final one on this topic.

Read other publications on the site, links to which can be found on the Main page of the site, participate in the discussion in in social networks in our groups by links:

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The number of point fire detectors installed in the room is determined by the need to solve two main tasks: ensuring high reliability of the fire alarm system and high reliability of the fire signal (low probability of generating a false alarm).

First of all, it is necessary to designate the functions performed by the fire alarm system, namely, whether the fire protection systems (fire extinguishing, warning, smoke removal, etc.) are triggered by the fire detectors signal, or the system provides only a fire alarm in the premises of the duty personnel .

If the function of the system is only to signal a fire, then it can be assumed that the negative consequences of generating a false alarm are negligible. Based on this premise, in rooms whose area does not exceed the area protected by one detector (according to tables 13.3, 13.5), to improve the reliability of the system, two detectors are installed, switched on according to the OR logic circuit (a fire signal is generated when any one of two installed detectors). In this case, in case of uncontrolled failure of one of the detectors, the fire detection function will be performed by the second one. If the detector is capable of testing itself and transmitting information about its malfunction to the control panel (meets the requirements of clause 13.3.3 b), c)), then one detector can be installed in the room. In large rooms, detectors are installed at a standard distance .

Similarly, for flame detectors, each point of the protected premises must be controlled by two detectors connected according to the OR logic scheme (a technical error was made in clause 13.8. logic circuit "OR"), or one detector that meets the requirements of clause 13.3.3 b), c).

If it is necessary to generate a control signal for a fire protection system, then when designing, the design organization must determine whether this signal will be generated from one detector, which is acceptable for the systems listed in clause 14.2, or whether the signal will be generated according to clause 14.1, i.e. e. when two detectors are triggered (logical "AND").

The use of the logical scheme "AND" allows you to increase the reliability of the formation of a fire signal, since false alarm one detector will not cause the formation of a control signal. This algorithm is required to control fire extinguishing and warning systems of the 5th type. To control other systems, you can get by with an alarm signal from one detector, but only if the false activation of these systems does not lead to a decrease in the level of people's safety and / or unacceptable material losses. The rationale for such a decision should be displayed in the explanatory note to the project. In this case, it is necessary to apply technical solutions to improve the reliability of the formation of a fire signal. Such solutions may include the use of so-called "intelligent" detectors that provide analysis physical characteristics fire factors and (or) the dynamics of their change, giving information about their critical state (dust content, pollution), using the function of re-requesting the state of the detectors, taking measures to exclude (reduce) the impact on the detector of factors similar to fire factors and capable of causing false alarms.

If during the design it was decided to generate control signals for fire protection systems from one detector, then the requirements for the number and arrangement of detectors coincide with the above requirements for systems that perform only the signaling function. The requirements of clause 14.3 do not apply.

If the fire protection system control signal is generated from two detectors switched on, in accordance with clause 14.1, according to the “AND” logical scheme, then the requirements of clause 14.3 come into force. The need to increase the number of detectors to three, or even four, in rooms with a smaller area controlled by one detector, follows from the high reliability of the system in order to maintain its performance in the event of an uncontrolled failure of one detector. When using detectors with a self-test function and transmitting information about their malfunction to the control panel (meets the requirements of clause 13.3.3 b), c)) two detectors necessary for the implementation of the "AND" function can be installed in the room, but on condition that the operability of the system is maintained by the timely replacement of the failed detector.

In large rooms, in order to save the time of generating a fire signal from two detectors switched on according to the “AND” logical scheme, the detectors are installed at a distance of no more than half of the standard one, so that the fire factors reach and trigger two detectors in a timely manner. This requirement applies to detectors located along the walls and to detectors along one of the axes of the ceiling (at the choice of the designer). The distance between the detectors and the wall remains standard.

Application of GOTV Freon 114V2

In accordance with the International Documents for the Protection of the Earth's Ozone Layer (the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Earth's Ozone Layer and a number of amendments to it) and Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1000 dated December 19, 2000 "On specifying the time frame for the implementation of state regulation measures for the production of ozone-depleting substances in the Russian Federation, the production of Freon 114V2 has been discontinued.

In pursuance of International agreements and the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, the use of freon 114B2 in newly designed installations and installations whose service life has expired is recognized as inappropriate.

As an exception, the use of freon 114V2 in AUGP is provided for fire protection of especially important (unique) objects, with the permission of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation.

For fire protection of objects with the presence of electronic equipment (telephone exchanges, server rooms, etc.), ozone-non-destructive freons 125 (C2 F5H) and 227 ea (C3F7H) are used.

Good afternoon To the students of our course of fire safety regulations, as well as to the regular Readers of our site and colleagues in the shop. We continue our course of studying normative documents in the field of fire safety. Today, at the twenty-fourth lesson, we continue to study the codes of practice, which are an annex to the Federal Law FZ-123 we have already passed, and which are regulatory documents in the field of fire safety on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Today we will continue to study Document SP 5.13130-2009 “Fire protection systems Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design norms and rules”, which we studied in previous lessons.

You can read earlier publications of course materials in

chronological order at the following links:

As always, before starting the topic of the twenty-fourth lesson, I suggest you answer a few homework questions on the previously covered material. Questions follow below. You answer questions, quiz yourself, and grade yourself.

So, ten questions on the topic – Document SP 5.13130-2009:

13.1.6. When choosing thermal fire detectors, it should be taken into account that the operating temperature of the maximum and maximum differential detectors must be at least ... ... select ... ° C above the maximum allowable air temperature in the room.

Choose from: (10) – (15) – (20) – (25)

13.2.1. One fire alarm loop with fire detectors (one pipe for air sampling if an aspiration detector is used), which does not have an address, is allowed to equip a control zone, including:

premises located on no more than two interconnected floors, with the total area of the premises.…….choose… sq. m or less;

Choose from: (100) – (150) – (200) – (250) – (300)

13.3.2. In each protected room, at least ... .... select ... fire detectors, switched on according to the “OR” logic circuit.

Choose from: (2) – (3)

4. 13.3.4. Point fire detectors should be installed under the ceiling.

If it is not possible to install detectors directly on the ceiling, they can be installed on cables, as well as walls, columns and other supporting building structures.

When installing point detectors on walls, they should be placed at a distance of at least.…….choose…. . m from the corner and at a distance from the ceiling in accordance with Appendix P.

Choose from (0.2) - (0.5) - (1)

13.3.5. In rooms with steep roofs, such as diagonal, gable, four-slope, hipped, serrated, with a slope of more than 10 degrees, some of the detectors are installed in the vertical plane of the roof ridge or the highest part of the building.

The area protected by one detector installed in the upper parts of the roofs is increased by…….choose…..%.

Note - If the floor plane has different slopes, then the detectors are installed at surfaces with smaller slopes.

Choose from: (5) – (10) – (15) – (20) – (30)

13.3.6. Placement of point heat and smoke fire detectors should be carried out taking into account the air flows in the protected room caused by supply and / or exhaust ventilation, while the distance from the detector to the ventilation opening should be at least.…….choose…. . m.

Choose from (0,1) – (0,5) – (1) – (2) – (5 )

7.13.3.6. ………………. The horizontal and vertical distance from the detectors to nearby objects and devices, to electric lamps, in any case, must be at least.…….choose…. m. The placement of fire detectors should be carried out in such a way that nearby objects and devices (pipes, air ducts, equipment, etc.) do not interfere with the effects of fire factors on the detectors, and sources of light radiation, electromagnetic interference do not affect the preservation of the detector's performance.

Choose from (0,1) – (0,5) – (1) – (2) – (5)

8.13.3.8. Point smoke and heat fire detectors should be installed in each compartment of the ceiling with a width of .…….choose…. m or more, limited by building structures (beams, girders, plate ribs, etc.) protruding from the ceiling at a distance of more than 0.4 m.

Choose from (0,1) – (0,5) – (0,75) – (1) – (1,2)

13.3.8. ………….If there are protruding parts on the ceiling from 0.08 to 0.4 m, the area controlled by fire detectors, indicated in tables 13.3 and 13.5, is reduced by.…….choose…. %……..

Choose from (5) – (10) – (25) – (30) – (50)

10.13.3.9. Point and linear, smoke and heat fire detectors, as well as aspiration ones, should be installed in each compartment of the room formed by stacks of materials, racks, equipment and building structures, the upper edges of which are separated from the ceiling by ... .... choose .... m or less.

Choose from (0,1) – (0,3) – (0,5) – (0,6) – (0,7)

On this, we have finished checking the Homework, we are moving on to the twenty-fourth lesson, we continue to study Document SP5.13130-2009. As usual, I remind you that I will mark especially important places in the text that you just need to memorize in red font and my personal comments on the text in blue font.

13.10. Gas fire detectors

13.10.1. Gas fire detectors should be installed in accordance with Table 13.3, as well as in accordance with the operating instructions for these detectors and the manufacturer's recommendations agreed with authorized organizations (having permission for the type of activity).

13.11. Autonomous fire detectors

13.11.1. Autonomous fire detectors, when used in apartments and dormitories, should be installed one in each room, if the area of the room does not exceed the area controlled by one fire detector in accordance with the requirements of this set of rules.

Self-contained fire detectors are usually installed on horizontal ceiling surfaces.

Autonomous fire detectors should not be installed in areas with low air exchange (in the corners of rooms and above doorways).

Autonomous fire detectors with the function of solidary inclusion are recommended to be networked within an apartment, floor or house.

13.12. Flow-through fire detectors

13.12.1. Flow-through fire detectors are used to detect fire factors as a result of the analysis of the medium propagating through ventilation ducts exhaust ventilation.

The detectors should be installed in accordance with the operating instructions for these detectors and the manufacturer's recommendations, agreed with authorized organizations (having permission for the type of activity).

13.13. Manual fire call points

13.13.1. Manual fire detectors should be installed on walls and structures at a height of (1.5 +/- 0.1) m from the ground or floor level to the control (lever, button, etc.).

13.13.2. Manual fire detectors should be installed in places remote from electromagnets, permanent magnets and other devices, the impact of which may cause spontaneous operation of a manual fire detector (the requirement applies to manual fire detectors, the operation of which occurs when a magnetically controlled contact is switched), at a distance:

no more than 50 m from each other inside buildings;

no more than 150 m from each other outside buildings;

at least 0.75 m from other controls and objects preventing free access to the detector.

13.13.3. Illumination at the installation site of a manual fire detector must be at least standard for these types of premises.

13.14. Fire control devices, fire control devices. Equipment and its placement. Room for staff on duty

13.14.1. Control and reception devices, control devices and other equipment should be used in accordance with the requirements of state standards, technical documentation and taking into account climatic, mechanical, electromagnetic and other influences at their location, as well as in the presence of appropriate certificates.

Note - Automated workplace(AWP) based on electronic computing devices, used as a control panel and / or control device, must meet the requirements of the section and have an appropriate certificate. Here, in the context, not the computer itself must be certified, but the AWP program must have an IS certificate.

13.14.2. Fire alarm control devices, fire control devices and other equipment operating in fire automatics installations and systems must be resistant to electromagnetic interference with a degree of rigidity not lower than the second in accordance with GOST R 53325.

13.14.3. Control and receiving devices for firefighters, having the function of controlling sirens, must provide automatic control of communication lines with remote sirens for open and short circuits. This is just a requirement for chain control. Here are many old devices, such as "Granite" or "Note" do not have circuit control. Previously, they were established, since there were no requirements for mandatory control of the circuit in the airbag (previously, until 2009, they existed and were considered a regulatory document of the Fire Safety Standards, in particular, airbag 88-01). And now, the provisions of SP5.13130-2009, as you can see, require chain control. This means that PS systems based on old control and receiving devices require repair.

13.14.4. The reserve of information capacity of control panels designed to work with conventional fire detectors (with the number of loops 10 or more) must be at least 10%.

13.14.5. Control and reception devices and control devices, as a rule, should be installed in a room with round-the-clock stay of personnel on duty. In justified cases, it is allowed to install these devices in premises without personnel on round-the-clock duty, while ensuring separate transmission of notifications about a fire, malfunction, condition of technical equipment to a room with personnel on round-the-clock duty, and ensuring control of notification transmission channels. In this case, the room where the devices are installed must be equipped with a security and fire alarm and protected from unauthorized access. According to this paragraph, devices that are installed in a room without personnel are placed inside a metal lockable cabinet, which is correct, since it is required to protect the devices from unauthorized access. However, it is often forgotten to equip the cabinet door burglar alarm. This is wrong, since the paragraph of the norms requires unambiguously equipping the premises, i.e. the space where the device is placed, a burglar alarm.

13.14.6. Control and reception devices and control devices should be installed on walls, partitions and structures made of non-combustible materials. Installation of the specified equipment is allowed on structures made of combustible materials, provided that these structures are protected by a steel sheet with a thickness of at least 1 mm or other non-combustible sheet material with a thickness of at least 10 mm. Wherein sheet material must protrude beyond the contour of the installed equipment by at least 0.1 m.

13.14.7. The distance from the upper edge of the control panel and control device to the ceiling of the room made of combustible materials must be at least 1 m.

13.14.8. When several control panels and control devices are adjacent, the distance between them must be at least 50 mm.

13.14.9. Control and reception devices and control devices should be placed in such a way that the height from the floor level to the operational controls and indications of the specified equipment meets the requirements of ergonomics.

13.14.10. The premises of the fire post or the premises with personnel on duty around the clock should, as a rule, be located on the first or ground floor building. It is allowed to place the specified room above the first floor, while the exit from it must be in the lobby or corridor adjacent to the stairwell, which has direct access to the outside of the building.

13.14.11. Distance from the door of the fire station room or the room with personnel on round-the-clock duty, to staircase, leading to the outside, should not exceed, as a rule, 25 m.

13.14.12. The room of the fire station or the room with the personnel on duty around the clock must have the following characteristics:

the area, as a rule, is not less than 15 sq. m;

air temperature in the range from 18 °С to 25 °С at relative humidity no more than 80%;

availability of natural and artificial lighting, as well as emergency lighting, which must comply with (9);

room lighting:

in natural light at least 100 lux;

from fluorescent lamps not less than 150 lux;

from incandescent lamps not less than 100 lux;

with emergency lighting at least 50 lux;

the presence of natural or artificial ventilation according to (6);

availability of telephone communication with the fire department of the object or settlement.

Backup batteries, except for sealed ones, should not be installed in these rooms.

13.14.13. In the premises of the personnel on duty, conducting round-the-clock duty, emergency lighting should turn on automatically when the main lighting is turned off. This means an emergency lamp with battery support at the installation site of the control and reception devices.

13.15. Fire alarm lines. Connecting and supply lines of fire automatics systems

13.15.1. Both wired and non-wired communication channels can be used as fire alarm loops and connecting communication lines.

13.15.2. Fire alarm loops, wired and non-wired, as well as connecting lines, wired and non-wired, must be carried out with the condition of ensuring the required reliability of information transmission and continuous automatic monitoring of their serviceability along the entire length.

13.15.3. The choice of electrical wires and cables, methods of their laying for organizing fire alarm loops and connecting lines must be made in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 53315, GOST R 53325, (7), the requirements of this section and the technical documentation for devices and equipment of the fire alarm system.

13.15.4. Electrical wire fire alarm loops and connecting lines should be made with independent wires and cables with copper conductors.

Electrical wired fire alarm loops, as a rule, should be carried out with communication wires, if the technical documentation for fire control devices does not provide for the use of special types of wires or cables.

13.15.5. It is allowed to use dedicated communication lines in case of absence automatic control fire protection equipment.

13.15.6. Optical connecting lines and non-electrical ones (pneumatic, hydraulic, etc.) are preferably used in areas with significant electromagnetic influences.

13.15.7. The fire resistance of wires and cables connected to various components of fire automation systems must be no less than the time these components perform tasks for a particular installation site.

The fire resistance of wires and cables is ensured by the choice of their type, as well as the methods of their laying. The laying method, in this context, is the use of fasteners, which, like the wire, will retain the required properties during the time necessary for the performance of their functions by fire protection systems.

13.15.8. In cases where the fire alarm system is not intended to control automatic fire extinguishing installations, warning systems, smoke removal systems and other fire safety engineering systems of the facility, to connect fire alarm loops of a radial type with a voltage of up to 60 V to control panels, connecting lines performed by telephones can be used. cables with copper conductors of the complex communication network of the facility, subject to the allocation of communication channels. At the same time, dedicated free pairs from the cross-connect to junction boxes used in the installation of fire alarm loops, as a rule, should be located in groups within each junction box and marked with red paint. There are a lot of disputes about whether it is necessary to carry out the networks of the dispatching system with non-combustible wires and cables, or it can be done with ordinary combustible telephone cable networks, such as TRV or CCI. The above paragraph is an attempt to allow the signal to be output to the monitoring station by connecting the alarm pairs of the cable from the PS system to a common multi-core communication cable, cross it at a common telephone exchange cross and lead it where necessary. If it were not for GOST 3156502012, which strictly stipulates the requirement to use non-combustible wires and cables for fire protection systems, then it might have been a ride, based on this paragraph. But since GOST exists and it is valid, this item can be considered “dead”, since GOST is a serious thing. In general, there is a "Sagittarius" - use it.

13.15.9. Connecting lines made with telephone and control cables that meet the requirements of clause 13.15.7 must have a reserve stock of cable cores and junction box terminals of at least 10%.

(Clause 13.15.9 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order No. 274 of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of 01.06.2011)

13.15.10. Fire alarm loops of the radial type, as a rule, should be connected to the devices of the receiving and control firefighters through junction boxes, crosses. It is allowed to connect fire alarm loops of radial type directly to fire devices if the information capacity of the devices does not exceed 20 loops.

13.15.11. Ring-type fire alarm loops should be made with independent wires and communication cables, while the beginning and end of the ring loop must be connected to the corresponding terminals of the fire control panel.

13.15.12. The diameter of the copper cores of wires and cables must be determined based on the allowable voltage drop, but not less than 0.5 mm.

13.15.13. Power lines for control panels and fire control devices, as well as connecting lines for controlling automatic fire extinguishing, smoke removal or warning installations, should be made with separate wires and cables. It is not allowed to lay them in transit through explosive and fire hazardous premises (zones). In justified cases, it is allowed to lay these lines through fire hazardous premises (zones) in the voids of class K0 building structures or with fire-resistant wires and cables.

13.15.14. Joint laying of fire alarm loops and connecting lines of fire automation systems with voltage up to 60 V with lines with voltage of 110 V or more in one box, pipe, bundle, closed channel is not allowed building structure or one tray.

The joint laying of these lines is allowed in different compartments of boxes and trays with continuous longitudinal partitions with a fire resistance limit of 0.25 hours from non-combustible material.

13.15.15. With parallel open laying, the distance from wires and cables of fire automatics systems with voltage up to 60 V to power and lighting cables must be at least 0.5 m.

(As amended by Amendment N 1, approved by Order of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of 06/01/2011 N 274)

It is allowed to lay these wires and cables at a distance of less than 0.5 m from power and lighting cables, provided they are protected from electromagnetic interference. Note that it is not indicated exactly and specifically in meters and centimeters at what distance less than 0.5 meters is allowed to be laid if there is protection against electromagnetic interference. It turns out that it can be reduced to almost zero - the only thing is that it doesn’t work out “in one bundle”, so as not to violate clause 13.15.14. If you just put it next to separate fasteners, then you won’t break anything.

It is allowed to reduce the distance to 0.25 m from the wires and cables of the fire alarm loops and connecting lines without interference protection to single lighting wires and control cables.

13.15.16. In rooms and areas of rooms where electromagnetic fields and pickups can cause malfunctions, electrical wire loops and fire alarm connecting lines must be protected from pickups.

13.15.17. If it is necessary to protect fire alarm loops and connecting lines from electromagnetic pickups, twisted pair, shielded or unshielded wires and cables laid in metal pipes, boxes, etc. In this case, the shielding elements must be grounded. Shield grounding is a key and important point. Keep in mind that it is not enough just to ground the shield at the point where the cable is connected to the PS device. It is necessary at each cable break, when installing a fire detector or a siren or light annunciator on this cable, the screens of the broken ends of the cable are CONNECTED together so that the screen is grounded throughout the entire length of the laid cable. This is important and desirable to write in the text of the project in the installation instructions section..

13.15.18. Outdoor wiring for fire alarm systems should generally be laid in the ground or in a sewer.

If it is impossible to lay in this way, they can be laid along the outer walls of buildings and structures, under sheds, on cables or on supports between buildings outside streets and roads in accordance with the requirements (7) and (16).

13.15.19. The main and backup cable lines for the power supply of fire alarm systems should be laid along different routes, excluding the possibility of their simultaneous failure in the event of a fire at a controlled facility. The laying of such lines, as a rule, should be carried out on different cable structures.

Parallel laying of the indicated lines along the walls of the premises is allowed with a clear distance between them of at least 1 m.

Joint laying of the indicated cable lines is allowed, provided that at least one of them is laid in a box (pipe) made of non-combustible materials with a fire resistance limit of 0.75 hours.

13.15.20. Fire alarm loops, if necessary, are divided into sections by means of junction boxes.

If there is no visual control of the presence of power on fire detectors included in the radial fire alarm loop, it is recommended to provide a device at the end of the loop that provides visual control of its status (for example, a device with a flashing signal). If the fire detectors “wink” the indicator in the “normal” state, then it is not necessary to install the specified device. You can save money and not install UKSH (loop control device).

In the absence of such control, it is advisable to provide for the presence of a switching device, which must be installed in an accessible place and at an accessible height at the end of the loop to connect the means of such control. A socket for connecting a portable indicator is meant. Well, no one has been using it for a long time.

13.15.21. When controlling automatic fire extinguishing installations, radio channel communication lines must provide the necessary reliability of information transmission.

14. Interrelation of fire alarm systems with others

systems and engineering equipment of facilities

14.1. Formation of signals for automatic control of warning installations, smoke removal or engineering equipment of the facility should be carried out for a time not exceeding the difference between the minimum value of the time for blocking escape routes and the evacuation time after a fire alert.

Formation of signals for automatic control of fire extinguishing installations should be carried out in a time not exceeding the difference between the limiting time for the development of a fire seat and the inertia of fire extinguishing installations, but no more than necessary for safe evacuation.

Formation of signals for automatic control of fire extinguishing installations, or smoke removal, or warning, or engineering equipment should be carried out when at least two fire detectors are activated, switched on according to the “AND” logic circuit. Here is a very subtle point that many do not notice. Note that we are talking exclusively about detectors connected according to the “AND” scheme. Do not confuse with detectors switched on according to the “OR” logic.

The placement of detectors in this case should be carried out at a distance of no more than half of the normative distance, determined according to tables 13.3-13.6, respectively.

Note - A distance of not more than half of the normative distance, determined according to tables 13.3-13.6, is taken between the detectors located along the walls, as well as along the length or width of the room (X or Y). The distance from the detector to the wall is determined according to tables 13.3 - 13.6 without reduction. Also a very important point. Either along the length or width of the room, the distances are reduced, and not everywhere and everywhere. Read a few times, get to the point and memorize.

14.2. Formation of control signals for warning systems of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th type according to, equipment for smoke protection, general ventilation and air conditioning, engineering equipment involved in ensuring the fire safety of the facility, as well as the formation of commands to turn off the power supply to consumers interlocked with fire automation systems , it is allowed to be carried out when one fire detector is triggered that meets the recommendations set out in Appendix P. In this case, at least two detectors are installed in the room (part of the room), switched on according to the “OR” logic circuit. The placement of the detectors is carried out at a distance of no more than the normative one.

When using detectors that additionally meet the requirements of clause 13.3.3 a), b), c), it is allowed to install one fire detector in the room (part of the room). Read the requirements of clause 13.3.3 very carefully, as well as Appendix P. Not every detector can be installed 1 per room!

(clause 14.2 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of 06/01/2011 N 274)

14.3. To generate a control command according to 14.1 in the protected room or protected zone, there must be at least:

three fire detectors when they are included in the loops of two-threshold devices or in three independent radial loops of single-threshold devices;

four fire detectors when they are included in two loops of single-threshold devices, two detectors in each loop;

two fire detectors that meet the requirement of 13.3.3 (“a”, “b”, “c”), connected according to the “AND” logic circuit, provided that the faulty detector is replaced in a timely manner;

two fire detectors connected according to the OR logic, if the detectors provide an increased reliability of the fire signal.

Note - A single-threshold device is a device that generates a “Fire” signal when one fire detector in the loop is triggered. A two-threshold device is a device that generates a “Fire 1” signal when one fire detector is triggered and a “Fire 2” signal when a second fire detector is triggered in the same loop.

14.4. In a room with a round-the-clock stay of on-duty personnel, notices should be displayed about a malfunction of monitoring and control devices installed outside this room, as well as communication lines, control and management of technical means of alerting people in case of fire and evacuation control, smoke protection, automatic fire extinguishing and other fire protection installations and devices.

The project documentation must define the recipient of the fire notice to ensure that the tasks in accordance with Section 17 are completed.

At objects of functional hazard class F 1.1 and F 4.1, fire notifications should be transmitted to fire departments via a duly allocated radio channel or other communication lines in automatic mode without the participation of facility personnel and any organizations broadcasting these signals. It is recommended to apply technical means with resistance to electromagnetic interference not lower than the 3rd degree of rigidity according to GOST R 53325-2009.

In the absence of personnel on duty at the facility, fire notifications should be transmitted to the fire departments via a radio channel allocated in the established order or other communication lines in automatic mode.

At other facilities, if technically possible, it is recommended to duplicate automatic fire alarm signals about a fire to fire departments via a radio channel allocated in the established order or other communication lines in automatic mode.

At the same time, measures should be taken to improve the reliability of the fire notification, for example, the transmission of notifications “Attention”, “Fire”, etc.

(Clause 14.4 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order No. 274 of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of 01.06.2011)

14.5. Starting the smoke ventilation system is recommended to be carried out from smoke or gas fire detectors, including in the case of a fire extinguishing sprinkler installation at the facility.

The smoke ventilation system must be started from fire detectors:

if the response time of the automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing installation is longer than the time required for the smoke ventilation system to operate and to ensure safe evacuation;

if the fire extinguishing agent (water) of the water fire extinguishing sprinkler installation makes it difficult to evacuate people.

In other cases, smoke ventilation systems may be switched on from a fire extinguishing sprinkler installation.

(Clause 14.5 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of 06/01/2011 N 274)

14.6. Simultaneous operation of automatic fire extinguishing systems (gas, powder and aerosol) and smoke protection systems in the protected premises is not allowed. Here is a very subtle point. Note that it says “simultaneous work is not allowed”, and not the protection of the premises by these two systems at once. If you refer to SP 7.13130-2013, you will read that there are exceptions - for example, car parking. Of course, the algorithm of actions of smoke exhaust systems and, for example, powder extinguishing systems are linked in such a way that the two systems do not work simultaneously. First, the smoke exhaust system is activated and operates during the estimated evacuation time. Further, the smoke exhaust system is turned off and the powder fire extinguishing system is turned on. The systems are technically connected by a logical algorithm and interlocks, which excludes simultaneous activation.

15. Power supply of fire alarm systems

and fire extinguishing installations

15.1. According to the degree of ensuring the reliability of power supply, fire protection systems should be classified as category I in accordance with the Electrical Installation Rules, with the exception of compressor electric motors, pumps for drainage and pumping foam concentrate, belonging to category III power supply, as well as the cases specified in clauses 15.3, 15.4.

The power supply of fire protection systems for buildings of functional fire hazard class F1.1 with round-the-clock stay of people should be provided from three independent mutually redundant power sources, one of which should be autonomous power generators. An interesting requirement and almost never fulfilled. Two independent sources - yes, they are being established. And here are three - you rarely see them anywhere, especially autonomous power generators, i.e. I mean diesel generators. But remarks about the absence of a third source can be safely written - the point is quite legal.

(clause 15.1 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of 01.06.2011 N 274)

15.2. The power supply of electrical receivers should be carried out in accordance with (7), taking into account the requirements of 15.3, 15.4.

15.3. If there is one power source (at facilities of the III category of power supply reliability), it is allowed to use batteries or blocks as a backup power source for the power receivers specified in 15.1. uninterruptible power supply, which should provide power to the specified electrical receivers in standby mode for 24 hours plus 1 hour of operation of the fire automatics system in alarm mode.

Note - It is allowed to limit the time of operation of the backup source in the alarm mode to 1.3 times the time of performing tasks by the fire automatics system.

When using the battery as a power source, the battery recharging mode must be provided.

15.4. If, according to local conditions, it is not possible to power the electrical receivers specified in 15.1 from two independent sources, it is allowed to power them from one source - from different transformers of a two-transformer substation or from two nearby single-transformer substations connected to different supply lines laid along different routes, with an automatic transfer device, usually on the low voltage side.

15.5. The location of the automatic transfer device centrally at the inputs of electrical receivers of automatic fire extinguishing installations and fire alarm systems or decentralized at electrical receivers of category I power supply reliability is determined depending on the relative position and conditions for laying supply lines to remote electrical receivers.

15.6. For electrical receivers of automatic fire extinguishing installations of the 1st category of power supply reliability, which have an automatically activated technological reserve (if there is one working and one standby pump), an automatic transfer device is not required.

15.7. In installations of water and foam fire extinguishing, the use of diesel power plants is allowed as a backup power supply.

15.8. In the case of power supply to electrical receivers of automatic fire extinguishing installations and a fire alarm system from a backup input, it is allowed, if necessary, to provide power to these electrical receivers by disconnecting electrical receivers of II and III categories of power supply reliability at the facility.

15.9. Protection electrical circuits automatic fire extinguishing installations and fire alarm systems must be carried out in accordance with (7).

It is not allowed to install thermal and maximum protection in the control circuits of automatic fire extinguishing installations, the shutdown of which can lead to a failure in the supply of fire extinguishing agent to the fire source.

15.10. When using the battery as a power source, the battery recharging mode must be provided.

16. Protective grounding and zeroing.

Safety requirements

16.1. Elements of electrical equipment of automatic fire extinguishing installations and fire alarm systems must meet the requirements of GOST 12.2.007.0 on the method of protecting a person from electric shock.

16.2. Protective grounding (zeroing) of fire automatics electrical equipment must be carried out in accordance with the requirements (7), (16), GOST 12.1.030 and the technical documentation of the manufacturer.

Note - Electrical technical means of fire automatics belonging to the same system, but located in buildings and structures that do not belong to a common ground loop, must be galvanically isolated.

16.3. Local start devices of automatic fire extinguishing installations must be protected from accidental access and sealed, with the exception of local start devices installed in the premises of a fire extinguishing station or fire posts.

16.4. When using radioisotope smoke detectors to protect various objects, the radiation safety requirements set forth in (18), (19) must be observed.

17. General provisions taken into account when choosing technical

fire automatics

17.1. When choosing the types of fire detectors, control panels and control devices, it is necessary to be guided by the tasks for which the fire automation system is intended as component fire safety systems of the facility in accordance with GOST 12.1.004:

a) ensuring fire safety of people;

b) ensuring fire safety of material assets;

c) ensuring fire safety of people and material values.

17.2. Technical means of fire detection and control signal generation should generate control signals:

a) to turn on the means of warning and evacuation control - for the time that ensures the evacuation of people before the onset of the limit values of fire hazards;

b) to turn on fire extinguishing equipment - for the time at which the fire can be extinguished (or localized);

c) to turn on smoke protection equipment - for the time at which people are allowed to pass along the evacuation routes before the limit values of dangerous fire factors are reached;

d) to control technological devices involved in the operation of fire protection systems, for the time specified by the technological regulations.

17.3. The technical means of fire automatics must have parameters and designs that ensure safe and normal functioning under the influence of the environment in which they are located.

17.4. Technical means, the reliability of which cannot be determined in the range of external influences, must have automatic performance monitoring.

Note - Technical means with automatic performance monitoring are recognized as technical means that have control of components that make up at least 80% of the failure rate of the technical means.

Following are the required and recommended attachments that define the reference data. We will not publish applications, as there is nothing special to comment on applications. Open Document SP5.13130-2009, read all attachments and memorize.

This concludes Lesson 24, as well as Document SP 5.13130-2009.

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