Hacksaws for wood differ in the size of the cutting teeth. This indicator determines what the cut will be, for which wood species the hacksaw is suitable and how convenient it will be to work with it. But, in addition to this, there are other indicators that you need to pay attention to when choosing a tool. Therefore, the question of how to choose the right hacksaw for wood requires careful study.
Technical characteristics of a hacksaw for wood
For a saw on a tree, the main importance is:
- canvas width;
- canvas length;
- tooth size;
- handle;
- brand of steel canvas.
The length of the blade affects the width of the cut workpiece. and also greatly simplifies the work. The long stroke makes it possible to apply less force, because in one movement the cut is made by a large number of teeth. At the same time, than longer canvas the more it will bounce. Working with hard rocks wood, such as ash, maple or oak, a hacksaw will cause a lot of inconvenience and will quickly become dull.
In terms of practice, short hacksaws, with a cutting blade length up to 35 cm, best used for one-time fine work. They are great for those who live in an apartment because they do not take up much space. So, in a private household, it is advisable to immediately choose a long hacksaw (50–55 cm). This will make it possible to work with blanks, as well as sawing trees.
As a rule, the width of the canvas is 10–20 cm. Narrower canvases are not allowed due to technical considerations (they break even with a slight bend), wider ones are rather inconvenient for manual work. When choosing a saw for wood, you must remember that thin workpieces are easier to cut with a narrower blade, and, conversely, thick (roofing logs, tree trunk, etc.) - wide.
Ordinary pens are made of plastic. It is best to choose a handle with a rubber backing. This will protect your hand from calluses and will allow you to perform a tighter grip.
The saw tooth is the most important part of the tool, so we will dwell on this point in more detail.
Purpose and types of teeth
In hacksaws for wood, the following types of tooth are distinguished:
- for universal cutting;
- for a cross cut;
- for a longitudinal cut.
Longitudinal cut most often produced either with a jigsaw, or circular saw. But there are also hand saws for these purposes. As with power tools, the tooth on the hacksaw looks like a hook. The angle between the tooth can be 45-60 degrees.
Hook shape Allows cutting in only one direction. It is best to cut along the fibers. In this case, the saw easily penetrates the tree and the cut comes out the most accurate and even. The purchase of this hacksaw is appropriate only for those people who want to make furniture with their own hands. Because it is not suitable for any other purposes.
Tooth for cross cutting the most popular. Outwardly, it looks like an isosceles triangle. The angle of the tooth is 45–55 degrees. This design makes it possible to cut well both during the movement of the blade forward and in the opposite direction. As a result, the cross cut occurs without much effort, quickly and as accurately as possible. When choosing a hacksaw, it must be borne in mind that this type of tooth is only suitable for dry workpieces. A saw will tear a fresh tree, and the sharpening will deteriorate.
For fresh wood use triangular teeth with parallel cutting. This means that the teeth are staggered and only on one side. As a result, a free channel appears between the teeth inside the cut, through which wet sawdust can freely exit without complicating the advancement of the blade.
The next option is combined teeth. Here the triangular ones intersect with the semicircular ones. Moreover, a semicircular tooth is larger than a triangular one. During the movement of the blade forward, long and narrow teeth make a guide cut, and when the blade returns to initial position, triangular tooth enlarges the channel of the cut and removes chips and sawdust. We must not forget that the smaller the angle between the triangular and semicircular tooth, the more accurate the cut will be.
Saw blades for universal cutting it is advisable not to choose, as a rule, they have a different compilation of teeth, which in theory should do any job equally well. But in practice, these hacksaws dull much faster, and their sharpening is usually more expensive than a new saw.
And most importantly, in any high-quality saw, the teeth must be made of hardened steel.
Types of wood saws
There are several types of saws, among them:
- ordinary;
- narrow;
- beam;
- with a butt.
The cheapest wood saw is narrow hand saw. This tool is suitable for sawing branches in gardening and small work with workpieces. As a rule, either double-sided triangular teeth or parallel sharpening are used.
You need to understand that you can work with this hacksaw only with blanks, no more than 7-12 cm thick. A very short blade does not make it possible to create a lever, respectively, cutting thick parts suffers from requiring a large load.
Conventional saws can be with any kind of teeth. The choice will depend only on what tasks you plan to purchase the tool for. It is only necessary to pay attention to the fact that it is undesirable to work with these saws during the production of furniture. Or you need to buy special large miter boxes so that you can saw at a certain angle.
Back saws used as an auxiliary tool. Their the main task- small cuts in the detail.
Bow saws is an analogue electric jigsaw. They make it possible to make the most accurate cut and work with different workpieces at different angles. Exist:
- transverse;
- sweeping;
- spiked;
- rounded.
Swing saws enable longitudinal cutting. Today there are canvases 40-80 cm long. Longer workpieces can only be sawn with a power tool.
Crosscut saws used to cut workpieces across the grain. They can perform a cut, and at a right angle, and under any other. Moreover, perfectly smooth edges come out in the section of the cut.
Hacksaws narrower, used for figured cutting. With the help of them, rounding and other complex elements. Feature– use of very flexible steel grades.
spiked hacksaws make it possible to perform simple geometric shapes on the workpiece.
The difference between bow saws is that the mechanism for fasteners is purchased once, and they are not spent directly on saws, buying new blades.
Wood saw manufacturers
Professional saws distinguished by good quality and compliance with the specified characteristics. By purchasing a tool from trusted manufacturers, you will be sure that this product will serve you reliably and for a long time. Among the proven manufacturers it is necessary to highlight:
Bahco is a Swedish company that is part of the SNA Europe Corporation. For more than more than 200 years of history, the company has never changed its basic concept - the manufacture of high-quality and affordable hand tools. Bahco saws are characterized by durability, and a pleasant cost.
Also on the market you can find Sandvik saws. This company is part of Bahco, because the quality of the goods meets general requirements companies.
American saw manufacturer Stanley, also focuses on the availability of its product. The company is distinguished by a large staff of engineers and designers. Thanks to their developments, the cutting edge and blade of hacksaws differ from domestic GOST, but this does not affect the quality at all. This company is great for those who choose a hacksaw for the country. Because the combined large teeth make it possible to produce any kind of cut.
German firm Gross younger than other companies. The competitiveness of its product is achieved due to its very low cost. However, the products are quite high quality and meet all standards. The only drawback is that the choice of products is very small.
There are also domestic manufacturers offering high-quality and relatively inexpensive saws. Among which:
- Piranha;
- Bison.
Saw Bison are made in China, however, meet the requirements for teeth and steel. Of the shortcomings:
- cannot be used for working with hard wood;
- the time of continuous work is not more than 10 minutes (then a pause of 15 minutes);
- do not leave it outside (it will quickly rust, even with low humidity).
Despite this, the characteristics of the hacksaw are suitable for pruning trees.
The Piranha company is relatively small and has been operating relatively recently. Like everything new, its products are quite affordable and different. good quality. Saw Piranha presented in only a few variants. The major manufacturing country of this product is China. But the products of this company are coated with Teflon, which protects the hacksaw from corrosion, even if you forgot it on the street.
About safety and comfort
When choosing a hacksaw for wood, pay attention to the handle. The most comfortable is the two-component handle with rubber insert. It provides a firm grip, does not allow the palm to slip and does not rub the hand.
To work with workpieces of various sizes and perform different types propyl far from superfluous is a set of interchangeable cloths. Often, saws are equipped with equipment with different cutting edges and different shapes - for cutting branches, making transverse and straight cuts, etc. It is also quite convenient when the hacksaw is equipped with a carrying and storage case, or at least a plastic plug that covers sharp edges, eliminating injury and damage to the surface of the canvas.
One of the differences between wood and many other building materials is the ease of processing. And, nevertheless, manufacturers produce a tool for sawing it in various modifications. What is the difference between this tool, how important it is, how to choose the right hacksaw for wood - this article will help you find answers to all questions on this topic.
Hacksaws for wood are categorized according to the specifics of use for carpentry and joinery. The tools of the last group are designed for cutting dried wood. They provide a cleaner cut, and exactly on the markup. In other words, carpentry category hacksaws are chosen for fine workmanship. Carpentry, respectively, for rough.
Such a tool is used when sawing logs, timber, pruning trees, and the like, that is, in situations where it is not necessary to maintain certain linear parameters, significant errors in work are allowed, or it is enough to cut not according to a template, but “by eye”.
Blade length (mm)
This is the first selection criterion. Without deciding on the length, it makes no sense to evaluate all other parameters of the hacksaw.
There is a generally accepted norm of choice for this indicator, which it is desirable to adhere to. The length of the blade should exceed the size of the most dimensional lumber with which it is supposed to work, approximately 2 times, at least.
Why? Firstly, the teeth of a hacksaw in the process of sawing a tree are clogged with sawdust. The double excess of the length ensures that the blade in the extreme positions will completely come out of the wood. As a result, its self-cleaning due to the fall of debris.
Secondly, the greater the amplitude of movement of the hands when working with the tool, the less they get tired. And this directly affects performance. If a hacksaw is chosen for intensive use, sawing large volumes of wood is more than important.
- If a hacksaw for wood is purchased as a household hand tool, for all cases, a canvas for 300 is enough.
- Overhaul, especially construction, is, among other things, sawing up of dimensional samples (log, board,). For such purposes, you should choose a hacksaw with a blade in the range of 475 ± 25.
Steel type
There are many grades of metals. For hacksaws for wood, as a rule, this is 45 HRC. The teeth are more difficult. They can be hardened (have a shade darker than that of the canvas) or without prior heat treatment.
Hardened teeth will not be sharpened. In fact, this hacksaw, although more durable, is in a sense disposable. If, due to negligence, non-compliance with the operating rules, the cutting edges of the tool are blunted, then it will not be possible to bring them into working condition. But for occasional work, small household chores related to sawing wood - best option. Having chosen a hacksaw from a well-known manufacturer, there is no doubt that it will last for a long time.
Teeth that have not been hardened can be sharpened and straightened on their own. On the one hand, it is convenient and practical. But this requires experience in this matter. How many can boast of it? As a tool for everyday use, it is hardly worth buying such a hacksaw. But if we are talking about large-scale work with wood (the same construction), then this is the right choice. Involuntarily, you will have to master the basics of sharpening and editing, especially since it is not so difficult.
How to check the quality of steel and sharpening
- You can check the quality of steel without a certificate. The hacksaw blade has a bend limit. Initially, it is perfectly flat. You need to gently bend it (the permissible extreme position, when it is ready to break, the hand will “understand” itself), and then release it and check the geometry. Deviation of the section subjected to deformation from the center line by more than 2 mm is an indicator of low quality steel. It is better to overpay, but choose another hacksaw for wood.
- The type of teeth can be determined visually. If they are of a traditional, triangular configuration, then the hacksaw is subject to editing and sharpening. Trapezoidal cutting edges are hardened. They have already been mentioned above.
Tooth size
This characteristic of the hacksaw is displayed on the canvas with TPI symbols. The dimension of the value is the number of teeth / inch.
As a rule, masters are interested in 2 indicators of the efficiency of sawing wood - the speed and accuracy of the cut. The fact is that these parameters are inversely related. The cleanliness of the cut is guaranteed fine teeth, but this reduces the cutting speed of the material. And vice versa - a hacksaw with large cutting edges produces a cut at a higher speed, but its accuracy deteriorates.
- 3 - 6. This hacksaw is suitable for rough woodworking. For example, pruning large branches on the site, sawing small logs, boards, and so on. That is, in cases where the presence of a fringe on the edges is not critical, and cutting accuracy is not a defining requirement when working with wood.
- 7 - 9 or more. This type of hacksaw is advisable to choose when you plan to work with sheet materials- Chipboard, MDF, OSV, FC and so on. Such a tool will provide a "delicate" cutting, after which there is no fringe and torn edges.
Hacksaw handle type
- Check if it is comfortable in your hand. The main difference between the hands of people is in size. The solution is simple - take a hacksaw in the palm of your hand, squeeze your fingers and make a few forward movements. A man will immediately understand whether “his” is a tool or it is better to choose something else.
- The handles of hacksaws for wood are classic (cast) and flip. The first allows you to replace the canvas.
And here it is more interesting. If you choose a hacksaw with a flip handle, then it makes sense to purchase a product with a “disposable” blade with hardened teeth. Even in the case of careless handling of the tool, it will be possible to “repair” it. It should only be clarified whether there are replacement canvases on sale (it is at this outlet or another in this locality) and whether they are in short supply. When buying a hacksaw for small chores, it is enough to take 1 spare. Given the increased wear resistance of the teeth and their strength, such a “set” will last for many years.
There is a relationship between the size of the teeth and their location. The “pitch” of three adjacent cutting edges must be less than the cross section of the wood blank being cut. It is easy to calculate if a hacksaw is chosen for sawing boards or small bars, that is, for everyday work, which is most often encountered in everyday life.
The method of cutting depends on the type of sharpening of the teeth. Longitudinal blades have a length of up to half a meter, a greater slope of the cutting edges to the side and their one-sided sharpening. Sawing with such a hacksaw is carried out only in the direction “away from you”. This tool is quite specific and as a household one, you should not choose it for everyday use.
Hacksaws for wood with a transverse blade are considered universal. Sawing is carried out during its course both forward and backward. Such a tool is easy to determine by the two-sided sharpening of the cutting edges.
A brief overview of the most purchased hacksaws for wood
This TOP-list is based on the results of the analysis of reviews, opinions posted on thematic forums. To say that they are the only true ones would not be entirely correct. But it is hardly worth ignoring them completely. If people in practice used one or another hacksaw for wood, then it makes sense to listen to their assessments. And then finally decide which one to choose.
All prices are in Russian rubles, for the Moscow region.
"Zubr Expert"
Such a hacksaw for wood, given its reasonable price and versatility, is in high demand. Triangular teeth, hardened plastic handle, cut both longitudinal and transverse. The range is impressive. A large selection of hacksaws of this brand in terms of TPI and blade length allows you to purchase the best option.
Price - from 738 (canvas 40 cm).
"Stanley General Purpose"
A hacksaw from a French manufacturer is characterized by a length of 0.5 m, hardened teeth with a TPI = 8. Wood is cut in any direction. For a private house or cottage - an excellent choice.
Price - 849.
"Gross Piranha"
This hacksaw is available in the market in different versions. Differences in the number of cutting edges and blade length (400 - 550). The quality of the steel (52 HRc) is further enhanced by a Teflon coating that facilitates the cutting process. In addition, edge cleanliness close to ideal is achieved.
Price - from 913.
"Irwin Xpert"
The main characteristics are identical to the hacksaw of the previous brand, although the cost is slightly higher. Users note the high quality and ease of cutting, regardless of the density of the wood. Even when sawing hard rocks, no significant effort is required. For those who have to living conditions regularly engage in work with lumber, it is worth paying attention.
Price - from 705.
Bahco
Previously, such wood saws went on sale under the Sandvik logo, so they are known to many. Production has been established at several sites, and in the Russian Federation these samples are more often imported under the brand name "Tescha". The cost is lower while the quality remains high. Bahco hacksaws belong to the group of professional tools, which is hardly advisable to choose for fine work with wood. But cheaper products "Tescha" - just right for those who want to save money wisely.
Price - from 389 (360 mm).
About what criteria should be used to evaluate a hacksaw for sawing wood, it is described in detail, the main recommendations are given. And what exactly to choose, it's up to you, dear reader.
A hacksaw, or as it is also called, a saw on a tree, refers to a tool that should be in every home, and even more so in every dacha. But the choice of a hacksaw for wood is not as simple as it seems, and further, we will analyze in detail the types of tools, you will learn about the configuration and purpose different kind teeth, let's go through well-known brands, and finally I will tell you what a reciprocating electric wood saw is and how to choose it.
Specifications of the hand tool
A hand saw for wood has several fundamental parameters - steel grade, blade length, blade shape and handle slope, but the most important parameter is the shape and type of tooth, and this characteristic is the same for both manual and electric models.
The quality of domestic hacksaws for wood is in no way inferior to foreign counterparts
Blade length
It all depends on the purpose for which the hacksaw is bought. So if you take a hacksaw city apartment and you don’t plan to work with it all the time, then a folding model with a blade length of 300 - 400 mm is quite enough. For a private house or cottage, you already need a full-size tool with a blade of 500 - 700 mm.
Important! When cutting a workpiece, the length of the blade must exceed the thickness of the workpiece by at least twice, otherwise the sawdust will accumulate inside the cut and the hacksaw will quickly jam.
Folding or small-sized types of hacksaws for wood are suitable for one-time work.
Steel grade for hacksaw
In the recent past, hacksaws were made from HRc45 and HRc50 grades, the metal is of high quality, but the blade requires periodic sharpening. Now all leading manufacturers produce hacksaws with combined blades.
The blade itself is made of HRc45 steel, which provides it with good flexibility and high strength, and the cutting edge with teeth is made of HRc55 or HRc60 steel. You can recognize such hacksaws by the dark cutting edge.
Important! When buying a dark-edged, high-strength steel hacksaw, make sure it is already set and sharpened to a high standard. The fact is that sharpening and wiring by a lover of such metal at home is very problematic, so you will have to pay extra for sharpening the blade.
Hacksaws for wood with a dark cutting edge are of high quality
Choosing a tooth for a hacksaw
Before dealing with tooth configuration, let's talk about markings and tooth sizes. Any types of wood saws are classified according to the same parameters. The marking indicates the number of teeth per 1 inch (1 `` \u003d 25.4 mm) and this indicator is designated as TPI.
TPI indicates the number of teeth per 1 inch of blade
- A fine tooth hacksaw has a TPI of 7 or higher. And what more number TPI, the more accurate and cleaner the cut will be, but at the same time, the speed of work with such a tool drops in proportion to the increase in TPI, in other words, a small tooth cuts accurately, cleanly, but for a long time;
- A hacksaw with a large tooth has a TPI from 1 to 7. A similar tool is designed to work on garden and summer cottages, in other words, a large tooth is taken to cut firewood or cut branches.
The higher the TPI in the marking, the cleaner and smoother the wood cut will be.
There is a common expression “middle tooth”, and so in the documents the TPI value of the middle tooth is not recorded anywhere, but people refer to this direction as hacksaws with TPI from 5 to 8.
Tooth pitch is far from the only parameter when choosing a hacksaw
| Hacksaw tooth diagram | Explanation |
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Made in the form of an isosceles triangle, sharpening is made on both sides. |
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Here the triangle is beveled towards the cut and the cutting edge of the tooth becomes perpendicular to the wood. Sharpening is performed only from the working (perpendicular) side, as a result, the tooth bites into the array like a chisel. It is intended for dissolution of a tree along fibers. |
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An excellent solution if you buy a hacksaw "for all occasions in life." The triangular tooth is slightly beveled towards the cut, while sharpening is performed on both sides of the tooth. As a result, when cutting along the blade, the tooth works like a chisel, and the reverse sharpening also allows you to effectively cut wood across the grain. |
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Such sharpening is sometimes called triangular, but in reality it is not. More often, a dagger tooth is taken as the basis, but sometimes a universal one is also sharpened. The top of the triangle is slightly cut at an angle and additionally sharpened. This approach allows you to work with a tree in any direction and at any angle. |
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Complicated sharpening allows you to do without tooth wiring, but only a professional can do it. The triangular tooth is sharpened on both sides and beveled in the direction of the handle, plus the top is trimmed and also sharpened from above. When working with a hacksaw, the cut occurs only while the tool is moving towards the worker. The Japanese were the first to use this technology, so the name was taken from there. |
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Here, several types of tooth are assembled on the canvas at once, but the essence of a wolf's tooth is the presence of gaps between sectors. Such a hacksaw is intended for cutting viscous and damp wood, so it is difficult to find models shorter than half a meter.
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How to choose a hacksaw for wood
Proven manufacturers of hand saws for wood
- "Bison" is a domestic manufacturer with a good reputation. Almost all hacksaws from Zubr come with a hardened set tooth and high-quality sharpening. The company specializes in products with medium and small teeth, but other models are also presented in the line, including those with interchangeable blades;
Models of hacksaws with interchangeable blades are semi-professional tools
- "Gross Piranha"- here we are dealing with combined hacksaws. The main blade in such a tool is made of flexible steel HRc52, and the cutting edge with teeth is made of high-strength hardened iron of the brand HRc66. A special pride of this brand is the line of Piranha models, which additionally has a Teflon coating and laser sharpening of the tooth;
Piranha hacksaws with Teflon coating and laser sharpening are especially durable and easy to move.
- "Stanley General Purpose"- Initially, this brand belongs to the representatives of the French industry, but now they have opened several subsidiaries in Russia, which made it possible to reduce the price without losing the quality of the product. There is also a basic set, that is, a hardened tooth and laser sharpening. The most popular model with a step TPI8;
French hacksaws have been famous for their high quality for more than half a century.
- "Irwin Xpert"- models of this trademark are of high quality, but compared to the above-mentioned saws, they are almost 2 times more expensive. Although according to the owners, this tool is worth the money;
Irwin Xpert hacksaws have a special cutting edge configuration that allows you to work equally well with both wet and hard dry wood.
- "Sandvik"– The quality of the Swedish instrument has been famous for several hundred years. "Sandvik" is the old name of the well-known Bahco brand. In our market, the Swedes have created a joint venture and produce high-quality hacksaws under the name "Mother-in-law". There is no priority for certain models, all tools from this brand are of high quality.
Swedish hacksaws produced under the domestic brand "Tescha" are famous for their excellent quality
What is a reciprocating saw and how to choose one
Now let's figure out how to choose an electric saw for wood, in the language of professionals, such a tool is called a reciprocating saw. Compared to a hand tool, the selection criteria here are slightly different. So, in addition to the reciprocating motion, the reciprocating saw also has a pendulum motion.
For trimming trees with a reciprocating saw, the tool has a pendulum mode of operation
The oscillations of the web according to the principle of the pendulum allow you to work much more efficiently, for example, when pruning trees or other rough work. And the standard mode is good for dissolving sheets of different densities.
In this case, the question of which wood saw will be better is not entirely correct, because in reciprocating saws the effectiveness of the tool depends on right choice blades. There are blades designed to work on wood, metal, stone, drywall, etc.
Each reciprocating saw blade is designed to work with a specific material.
But the choice of a reciprocating saw does not end only with the purchase of a quality blade for the appropriate material, there is more whole line subtleties:
- I, like most craftsmen in this field, believe that buying an electric saw with a power of up to 600 watts is simply money wasted. With it, you can cut branches up to 20 mm in diameter and no more. From 600 W to 1 kW is suitable for diverse country work, and a tool with a power of 1.2 kW or more is already semi-professional and can effectively cut any materials;
- It is advisable to choose a model where a special key is not needed to change the canvas;
- It is better to take a tool with a cut depth limiter, which, by the way, can also be adjusted with a key and without a key, respectively, the second type of hacksaw is more convenient;
- Pay attention to the head holding the blade. There are universal models into which any canvas is inserted, and there are heads “sharpened” only for branded canvases of this manufacturer. It’s not a fact that the store will have the right model of a branded canvas, so take a station wagon;
- Theoretically, all reciprocating saws have the ability to turn off the pendulum stroke, but when buying, it is advisable to check how adequately this option works;
- A reciprocating saw with a stroke speed regulator will greatly expand your possibilities in work, and it is desirable that this regulator has a fine-tuning function;
- One more useful feature it is considered the possibility of turning the blade at different angles, this option is especially useful when working on the ceiling and in hard-to-reach, tight spaces;
A reciprocating saw with a battery, compared to network models, has less power, but it is more convenient to work with it.
Conclusion
Based on the recommendations above and the video in this article, choosing a hacksaw for wood will become much easier for you and keep in mind that wasted money is not the worst, not quality tool it will take a lot of time and effort, and most importantly, such hacksaws can be dangerous. If there is a desire to add something to what has been said or if you have any questions, welcome to the comments, we will talk.
Almost everyone has home master there is an electric saw in the working suitcase. But sometimes it is necessary to saw off a part or do some woodwork, for which there is absolutely no desire to unfold the device from a suitcase. And in this case, it would be nice to get a hacksaw for wood. Its manual version will be a great helper if necessary. Consider in more detail the question of how to choose a hacksaw for wood!
Characteristics of a hand saw for wood
In this tool, there are many differences, such as: the size of the blades, steel grades, the shape of the teeth, as well as the design of the handle itself. Let's consider each of them in more detail.
What should be the blade of a hacksaw for wood
This element is the main parameter of the hacksaw. And the main thing in it is its length. Depending on it, the tool can be used for different purposes. There is one caveat, which is that the longer the canvas, the more springy the tool. This complicates the process of wood carving, especially if you need to work with maple, oak, ash.
A length of 25-30 cm is quite suitable if it is necessary to cut small elements of beams, slats, skirting boards. If it is necessary to carry out more serious types of work, then a hacksaw should be chosen with a blade of 45-50 cm.
The basic rule when choosing the length of the web is that it should be twice as long as the elements to be processed, otherwise it will be more difficult to work. Standard sizes the width of the canvases is up to twenty centimeters. Too narrow models will quickly fail, while wide models are completely inconvenient to work with.
Hacksaws are made from alloyed tool steel, which contains a lot of carbon and silicon. The standard option for material hardness is 45 HRC, but for work it is still worth choosing a hardness with an indicator of 55-60 HRC.
Characteristics of hacksaw teeth
It is the size of the teeth that is the most important indicator. Their number per 1 inch shows TPI, which determines the accuracy of the sawing process. In addition, these parameters are interconnected:
If the blade has large teeth, then the speed is high enough, but the saw cut is sloppy.
If the teeth are small, the speed of work is also low, but the cut is accurate and very accurate.
When faced with the question of which hacksaw to choose, focus on a TPI of 3-6 for gardening, or 7-9 for chipboard work.
The teeth of a hacksaw can be ordinary or hardened. If the tool is used at home, the hardened teeth will not become dull for a very long time. But when it becomes dull, it will no longer be possible to sharpen it, and the tool will have to be thrown away.
Ordinary teeth can be sharpened with a file marked with an accident.
There are 3 types of hacksaws, depending on which teeth are used:
To saw in a longitudinal way
Cutting in a transverse way
Mixed sawing
If use modern hacksaw, in which the teeth are trapezoidal, the blade can be created strong and wear-resistant. But it is very difficult to sharpen it, which means that the life of such a product is much less.
How to choose a hacksaw? Types and purposes
Narrow saw blade
Saw small sizes, narrow shape, very effective when cutting raw wood. Wet chips come out very easily through the gaps of the teeth, so that the movement of the saw is not hindered.
During the manufacture of saws of narrow shapes, their blades have triangular double-sided teeth. The only disadvantage of this tool is its ability to deviate from the desired direction.
It can have absolutely any teeth, as well as a complete set of interchangeable blades.
In spite of everything, these types of saws are best used in the furniture production process.
Saws in which there is a backing equipment can be said to have stiffeners. But when using hacksaws and increasing the rigidity of the materials being processed, they can bend. That is why the butt is so important. Its main task is to prevent the cutting blade from going deep into the wood, for which it controls the depth of the cut with the saw so that it is not wider than the blade itself.
Such devices are already more bulky. To some extent, they resemble a jigsaw.
To begin with, it is worth deciding on the purpose of using the tool, as well as the frequency of its use. Decide how uniform the blade should be, and of course, how much you are willing to "accept" and buy a hand saw.
Handles are ordinary, plastic. And the presence of a rubberized insert will protect the hands of the master from the formation of corns in the process of woodcarving manual option hacksaws.
Wood has been used as a building material since time immemorial. And now it has not lost its popularity. It is loved for its environmental friendliness and ease of processing, which is best done with wood saws. These tools are available with different parameters, which are selected depending on the specific application.
Specifications
Pila is one of the first hand tools invented by man. Since the advent of the first rough version centuries have passed, and many varieties have appeared for work different type.
As for hand saws for wood, they differ from each other in many parameters, among which are the following:
Let's consider each in detail.
hacksaw blade
In principle, this is the tool itself. The most important parameter of the canvas is its length. It is this that determines the range of application possibilities. However, the longer the canvas, the stronger the springiness, which makes it especially difficult to work with hardwoods such as oak, ash or maple. For sawing small items like a plinth, a bar or a narrow slat, a manual hacksaw for wood with a blade length is enough 25-30 cm. For more serious work, you need a tool with a blade length 45-50 cm.
A simple rule for determining the length: the canvas should be doubled larger diameter logs that will be sawn with it. The teeth of a short hacksaw will stick in the wood, much more effort will have to be applied to work, which will quickly cause fatigue. The width of the canvas usually varies in the range of 10–20 cm. A narrower canvas is not allowed, as it breaks at the slightest bend, but it is inconvenient to work with an overly wide canvas by hand.
Production material
Blades for hacksaws are made of alloyed tool steel with high content carbon and silicon grades:
- 8 HF, 9 HF, 9 HS;
- 65 G, 60 C2A;
- U7, U7A, U 8, U8A, U8G, U8GA, U9A, U 10.
Tempering a metal by exposing it to a variable magnetic field when a high frequency electric current appears. When spreading over the surface, it heats the layer of metal, which hardens after cooling. The standard hardness is 45 HR C, although it is recommended to take products with a hardness of 55-60 HR C when the flexibility is sufficient and the teeth have high stability. With an external examination of such a tool, one can see a darkish shade of honed teeth.
Tooth parameters
Precision and performance mainly depends on tooth size.
The defining indicator - "TPI" - the number of teeth per inch.
Between data technical parameters there is an inverse relationship:
- Cloths with large teeth allow you to work at high speed, but the saw cut is sloppy, rough.
- The fine-toothed blade guarantees a clean and precise cut, but the cutting speed is relatively slow.
When determining the size of the teeth, be guided by the material being processed. To work with chipboard, for example, a high cutting accuracy is required, so a tool with a high TPI of 7-9 is selected. For sawing logs and garden work, where the cleanliness of the cut is not so significant, TPI 3-6 will suffice.
The difference between a hardened and an ordinary tooth is that the first in domestic use doesn't get dull for a long time. But a saw with hardened teeth cannot be resharpened, it can only be thrown away after use. Ordinary teeth can be sharpened, which is done with a special file marked with an accident (for sharpening saws). It is enough to spend several times on each tooth.
Depending on the type of teeth, there are three types of hacksaws for different types of sawing:
Some modern instruments have teeth in the shape of a trapezoid. This increases strength and durability, but it is not easy to sharpen such a blade, since the trapezoidal teeth are difficult to shape. Because of this, the service life is greatly reduced, and after it has expired, the canvas has to be changed.
The market also offers modernized hacksaws. They are effective for sawing raw wood. Wet chips in the process of work easily exit through the gaps between the teeth, and the movement of the tool is not hindered.
Types of hand saws for wood
It is impossible to say unequivocally which better hacksaw on wood. Eat different variants, for different types of work. Let's describe them.
Depending on the design and purpose of the saw, there are:
- Swing - for longitudinal cutting.
- Transverse - for sawing across the fiber.
- Vyruzhny - for making holes, figured sawing, making roundings.
- Spike - for cutting connecting spikes and cutting out simple geometric shapes.
It is possible to cut the material along and across only with a bow saw, sawing blanks with complex lines. The work can be done without an assistant.
Handle type
In many ways, the ease of use of the tool is determined by the shape and material of its handle. Handles can be wooden or plastic. The surface at the grip point should not allow the hand to slip. This effect is eliminated by making scars on the handle, or by covering it with a rubber layer. The saw can be cast or with a reversible blade. In the latter case, it is easy to replace the canvas.
Conventional handles are made of plastic. Prefabricated plastic handles from two halves do not have sufficient rigidity; it is much more convenient to handle a tool with a solid handle with a rubberized finger pad. The rubber insert allows you to make the grip tighter, which prevents the formation of calluses.
To choose the right hand saw for wood, you need to follow a number of recommendations. Pay attention to the following:
- Target. For carpentry, you need a saw with fine teeth, which will provide high precision sawing. Carpenters need a blade with large teeth.
- web uniformity. Gently bend the canvas at an angle of 30-45 ° and release it. The slightest deviations on the fold line (even within 2 mm) indicate the low quality of the metal.
- Frequency of use. If you need a saw for one-time work, it is better to take a tool with hardened teeth. The service life is quite long, and you don’t have to worry about sharpening and wiring.
- Price. High-quality models of leading manufacturers are much more expensive than consumer goods. But the high price is a kind of guarantee of wear resistance and durability. However, for one-time work, buying an expensive tool is not practical.
Decide on the purpose of the tool, see how it lies in your hand. Read the enclosed instructions, if any. These minimal "wisdom" repeatedly reduce the risk of choosing a bad tool.
