Toilet cisterns can be made from different materials, can be various shapes and differ in the method of installation, but the principle of their operation is almost the same, and the design of all drain cisterns does not differ very much. Let's look at what types of such mechanisms are.
According to the installation method, drain tanks are divided into only three types:
- The tank of the compact system, which is installed directly on the toilet bowl itself;
- A wall-mounted cistern, most often used in conjunction with wall-hung toilets;
- A hanging cistern that is mounted at a certain height and connected to the toilet bowl through a drain pipe.
Features of the mechanism for supplying water to the drain tank
All drain tanks have only two main structural elements - a water supply mechanism and a drain mechanism. The water collection system can be made in two versions:
- with side feed;
- with bottom feed.
The first are float valves designed for tanks, the water to which is supplied to the upper side. These models are produced mainly by domestic firms, they are simple and low cost, but they create a lot of noise in the process of collecting water.
Scheme of the device of the toilet cistern
Such a valve includes two main parts - a body with a membrane in it, which closes and opens the water supply to the tank, as well as a float connected to the body by means of a lever. Thus, lowering and rising along with the water level in the tank, the float sets in motion the lever, which in turn acts on the stem with the membrane fixed on it, opening and blocking the access of water to the tank through the valve.
The mechanism with the bottom water supply is a little more expensive, but it also works much quieter. This system is somewhat more complex, in which the float moves along a special vertical rod, although the principle of operation itself has not changed. The mechanism for shutting off the water supply is actuated by means of a special rod connected to the float, which is also a water level limiter in the tank.
How to adjust the amount of water in the tank
When installing any of these systems, in order to save or increase the flushing force, the amount of water taken in can be changed. Let's tell you what steps you need to take to do this:
The device of the drain mechanism of the toilet bowl
The cistern drain system can be top or side. The latter, however, will not be considered, since it implies the presence hanging tank which are now practically obsolete. But upper system drain is used on almost all models modern toilets.
Flush mechanism for the toilet
The procedure for installing the toilet cistern (video)
In the process, you should not have any difficulties, since everything is done very simply and quickly enough:
Possible malfunctions during the operation of the drain tank
- Water is not supplied to the tank or its supply is not blocked. The culprits for this are either a water supply valve or a float. Floats are made either in the form of a hollow cylinder or an inverted glass. In the first case, the damaged float cannot be repaired, and the problem is eliminated only by replacing the float or the entire valve. With a float in the form of an inverted glass, only one trouble can occur - it is overgrown with dirt and various deposits, which is why it starts to work poorly. In this case, it should simply be cleaned.
Video
- If the float is ok, but water does not stop flowing into the tank- the cause is a worn valve membrane. Usually a spare membrane comes with another float. If not available, it can be purchased separately. The protective cap is removed from the valve, after which the old membrane is removed and replaced with a new one. It is also useful to clean the small hole in the valve through which water enters the tank. If it is clogged, then, accordingly, tank stops filling or this process is extremely slow.
As you can see, there is nothing complicated in the toilet cistern, so if necessary, everyone can easily install or repair it.
Ever since the time ancient rome the presence of plumbing devices in the house was considered a sign of civilization. A special place was occupied by sewerage and the "latrine", which today successfully replaces the toilet with a convenient toilet bowl. We are so accustomed to comfort that the slightest change in the operation of the toilet bowl and its tank leads to confusion and excitement. Therefore, when choosing a model for our home, we give it to the most reliable designs, which include toilet bowls with push-button flush cisterns.
Toilet cistern device with a button: design features
The cistern device with a button of all models has common features. They differ only in the material of manufacture, price, quality and features of the working parts. The tanks operate according to the same principle, the differences are only in the mechanism, which can be:
- one-button;
- two-button;
- with a dual device.
The most modern model is a two-button system that saves water when flushing. Pressing one button - a full flush, in which all the water contained in the tank flows out of the tank. Pressing two buttons - draining only part of the volume of water.
Models may also differ in flush features. In some, when descending into the toilet, the water comes directly from the cistern, moving in one direction. In others, the flow of water is divided, flushing is carried out from different sides. Such tanks are considered the most efficient, as they cover the largest flush area, but are also noisier.
So that when buying this device, you need to have an idea of \u200b\u200bhow the toilet bowl flush tank with a button works, and know what its device consists of. The mechanism of operation of any models is quite simple and consists in collecting a certain amount of water from the water supply and lowering it into the sewer through the toilet.
The principle of operation of a toilet flush tank with a button is a water seal system, which consists of a float, levers and seals. Pressing the button on the lid activates the water release mechanism, which is the main purpose of this plumbing fixture.
The principle of operation of the drain mechanism
By pressing the button located on the lid, we force the tank system to start working. The device of the toilet cistern with a button, the diagram of which is shown on picture below, is directly related to the filling of the container. Before starting work, the tank is in standby mode. The tank already has the required volume of water, which is limited by the level of the float. Water in the tank is kept from flowing out by a special pear, which is made of elastic and durable rubber. Pressing the button puts pressure on the lever-rod, which repels the pear, thereby opening the drain.
When we release the button, the pear gradually begins to return to its place. When assembling the internal filling of the sanitary device, this feature of the functioning of the pear should be taken into account. Its sharp return to its original position gives a short-term and incomplete drain. At correct assembly and adjustment, the process of lowering the pear is slow, it is completely hollow inside.
With the filling of the tank with water, the lifting force of this pear decreases, and at the end it takes its original position, sticking to the saddle.
Flush tank mechanism with button
The drain tank functions due to the operation of two systems: collecting water and draining it. The first is called the inlet, and the mechanism of its action is quite simple. It lets water into the tank at the moment when there is no liquid in it. Filling goes up to a certain level, which is set by the reinforcement correction. Armature may have different kind, but its principle of operation is the same - float. By adjusting the level of the float, you can adjust the degree of filling of the tank.
Outlet fittings, the purpose of which is to drain water, help to keep control over the drain process. Its design during operation can take several positions. In some models, the outlet valve can operate in two modes: economy and standard. In addition, the outlet valve mechanism has an emergency drain function, which can be used in case of emergency. If some components of the outlet stop working in the desired mode, then you have to change the entire armature.
Problems in the operation of toilets mainly arise due to failures in the intake and exhaust systems. Therefore, in order to troubleshoot, you need to find out which of the systems has stopped working, either by replacing individual components, or using a complete set.
The most common breakdowns
- Water enters the tank very slowly. The problem is caused by a clogged membrane, the fix is to clean the inlet of debris and dirt. But for this it is necessary to carefully dismantle the reinforcement, and then also carefully return it to its original position.
- There is too much liquid in the tank, up to the overflow. The reason lies in the incorrect setting of the float level. The solution to the problem is to adjust the float armature to such an extent that the float drops.
- The float arms are broken. The reason is the wear of the mechanism, such a malfunction cannot be repaired, so the solution is to replace the fittings.
Drain tanks with a button are the most common and comfortable plumbing fixtures to use. Knowing the device and the principle of operation of drain tanks will allow you to choose the most convenient and reliable models for your home.
The design and principle of operation of the drain tank are quite simple, therefore, it is rarely difficult to repair the device.
With some breakdowns of the drain tank, water does not flow to the floor, there is no threat of flooding the neighbors from below. Such malfunctions seem insignificant, but this is exactly until the bill for payment of water supply services arrives.
If a counter is installed, then any failure in the operation of the tank can become a problem! Therefore, the smartest solution is to eliminate it immediately, without waiting for trouble.
Minor difficulties sometimes occur only with improved modern models, in such cases it is worth contacting specialists. Basically, almost any repair of the toilet cistern can be done by hand.
The device of the toilet cistern is quite simple, and almost anyone can cope with its repair, because. it does not require any special skills
Mostly drain cisterns various designs similar. The main difference is in the installation method:
- Hanging tanks. Structures of this type are attached to the toilet bowl at a low height and connected with a pipe.
- Toilet bowl compact. The compact cistern is attached directly to the toilet bowl without connecting pipes.
- Built-in tank. Structures of this type are installed in the wall, they are used with hanging toilets.
Regardless of the models, the designs of the cisterns are very similar. Modern appliances convenient in that they can be repaired without disassembling the modules and replacing them entirely
The water supply to the drain tank is carried out either from below or from the side. The side feed device is most often found in domestic-made toilets. Its advantage is a relatively low price, which affects the cost of the entire toilet bowl as a whole.
Bottom water supply is often found in modern domestic and imported designs. Usually these are slightly more expensive models.
Mechanisms may be provided for draining various types: buttons, rods, levers, chains. The most common option is a button.
It can be located at the top of the structure, and in models with a hidden tank - on the wall. To drain the water, just press it.
Push-button models can only be disassembled after the push-button has been removed. How to remove the lid from a tank of this design is shown in detail in the video:
Buttons in which the water is completely drained after a short single press are called automatic.
Those in which water is drained only while the button is pressed are mechanical. The former are more convenient to use, while the latter save water when flushing the toilet.
There are single and dual-mode push-button drain mechanisms. In models with two buttons, it is possible to drain only half the volume of the tank.
However, there are designs with one button, which in the same way can drain either the full volume of water or half. If the push-button mechanism is equipped with a special auger that causes the water to rotate during the descent, then the toilet bowl is washed more efficiently.
Mechanisms with two buttons are a little more expensive, but the overpayments pay off, because draining in economy mode can reduce water consumption by 20 cubic meters. in year
Water volume adjustment
If desired, you can easily adjust the amount of water collected in the tank. This is necessary if the toilet is poorly flushed or there is too much water and there is a need to reduce its volume.
To change the filling volume, you need to remove the tank cap and follow simple steps. But before proceeding with the adjustment, you first need to deal with the device of the tank.
The video below will help you with this:
Option #1 - for side feed systems
Such mechanisms are equipped with a lever made of thick metal wire. It connects the valve and the float. To raise or lower the float, you need to slightly bend the wire arm.
After that, you should make sure that the right amount of water is collected in the tank. If not, bend the wire a little more. By raising the lever, you can increase the volume of water, lowering - reduce.
This option is only suitable for those tanks in which the float system uses metal.
Many modern models use plastic instead of metal parts. Such levers cannot be bent, but the float itself can be moved along their axis using the mounting screw provided for by the design.
The float can be fixed with a thread or a latch. If a latch is used in the design, then it is squeezed out. To increase the volume of water in the tank, the float is moved closer to the valve body.
As a result, the length of the lever is reduced. If you need to lower the water level, the float is moved further from the body.
This is the most simple design drain tank with side water supply. Brass wire is used as a lever. Slightly changing the angle of its inclination, you can reduce the amount of water in the tank. If a meter is installed in the house, this is a great way to save on utility bills.
Option # 2 - in tanks with a bottom supply
If the design is with a bottom water supply, it can be adjusted even easier than a system with a side supply. The mechanism has a special water level limiter connecting the valve lever and the float. It can be lengthened or shortened.
The float on the limiter is fixed with a thread. To adjust the water level in the tank, you need to change its height with a plastic nut.
The main advantage of bottom feed designs is the ease of installation and maintenance. When repairing or replacing problems are extremely rare
How to diagnose problems?
If the cistern is faulty, it quickly becomes obvious: water either leaks into the toilet bowl or starts dripping onto the floor. Sometimes it happens that the container is not filled.
No matter how ultra-modern and complex the design of the tank may be, breakdowns appear the same in all models.
External leaks are not always immediately visible. It happens that water drips out for weeks, but its amount is so small that the damp areas are not striking. Then the leak can be determined by the appearance of red spots and rust streaks.
If they are, it is worth disassembling the tank and establishing the cause of the breakdown.
If there is no coarse filter, dirt and rust particles constantly enter the tank. They accumulate in the tank and can damage the internal mechanisms of the structure, cause damage
Normally, the tank is filled to a predetermined level, and the rubber bulb is pressed against the drain hole, securely closes it and is held in this position due to water pressure. When you press the descent mechanism, this pear rises and opens the drain hole.
The rubber bulb must be constantly filled with air. To prevent water from getting into it, a special guide tube is provided in the design. She provides correct position pears in the "saddle".
If the integrity of the pear or tube itself is violated, the mechanism fails.
This is how the rubber pear of the tank should look like, if it is in working order. It should remain elastic and fit well to the saddle.
The first thing to do after disassembling the tank is to inspect the pear. If it has lost its elasticity, cracked, then it is in it that the cause of the leak lies. Worn rubber cannot cover the drain hole well, water leaks into cracks and gaps.
Rubber products of this type cannot be repaired, so the pear should simply be replaced.
If everything is in order with it, you need to make sure that particles of dirt and rust do not get under the rubber, which can also interfere with the normal operation of the pear.
There are cases when you can solve the problem of leakage by simply cleaning the tank. If it turns out that dirt has accumulated under the rubber bulb, it can be removed with a regular sponge. Often this is enough to restore normal operation. It also makes sense for prevention to wipe the walls of the container with a rag and remove plaque.
If the pear is in order, then you should continue to inspect the toilet tank in search of the cause of the leak.
The tank is not filled if:
- inlet hose defective;
- the inlet valve of the float mechanism is worn out.
Water can leak out if:
- the gasket between the tank and the toilet is worn out;
- a leak appeared at the place where the connecting screws were installed.
Internal leaks appear when:
- overflow tube not adjusted;
- valve is defective;
- float has failed.
All these components should be carefully checked, repair, adjust or replace damaged parts. How to disassemble the tank and find these elements is shown in the video:
Problem #1: Water does not enter the tank
How can you fix a toilet cistern if water has stopped flowing into it? It is not difficult. First of all, check the supply hose. It is disconnected from the tank and one end is lowered into a container.
If the water does not flow, you can simply buy and install a new hose.
Most often, the problem lies in the clogging of the narrow part of the valve. For repair, it is enough to empty the tank, turn off the water and unscrew the assembly consisting of a valve, lever and float.
When the parts are removed, a hole will open through which the container is filled. It is very often clogged. You can clean it with a regular needle or wire.
To carry out a complete cleaning, you need to remove the valve from the inlet pipe and wash off the remaining dirt with water.
Sometimes the cause of failure is a tiny piece of scale that has fallen into the hose, or dirt. You can try to rinse or clean it
Problem #2: External Leaks
If an external leak appears, you can repair the toilet bowl with your own hands and not call the master. Usually, problems arise due to a loose fit between the gasket between the toilet bowl and the tank, or if the seals under the screws are worn out.
In the first case, it is enough to remove the tank, check the gasket and, if it has become too hard or cracked, replace it.
It happens that the reason for such a leak is banal - the gasket is not installed correctly. Then it’s enough just to put it in place, or better, change it.
If there is a leak in the place of the connecting screws, then they need to be unscrewed and the rubber seals changed. To do this, it is not even necessary to remove the tank itself.
When choosing new seals, it is better to give preference to cone-shaped rather than flat ones. They adhere much more closely to surfaces.
When tightening the screws after replacing the seals, it is important to achieve an even distribution of forces in order to prevent distortions, otherwise a new leak may appear. To do this, tighten the screws little by little and in turn.
Problem #3: Fixing Internal Leaks
How to fix a cistern if water flows into the toilet bowl? To begin with, it is worth checking the correct setting of the overflow tube. It needs to be lifted a little and see if water is overflowing into the tube.
If yes, then the float valve needs to be repaired. If not, you need to adjust the lever.
Valve problems can arise from debris. You just need to remove it from under the gum.
If the rubber is worn out, you can simply turn it over on the other side, but it is better to change it right away. If the valve is broken, you will have to replace it with a new one.
We offer a video instruction for replacing the fittings of the drain tank:
Problem #4: Tank noise when filling
Noise when filling the tank with water cannot be called a breakdown, because. all mechanisms are correct. However, loud noises can be very annoying, interfere with proper rest.
Most often, the tank is loudly typed immediately after draining the water, then the noise becomes less.
Solving the problem is very simple. To do this, a small piece of rubber or plastic tube is put on the branch pipe of the locking mechanism.
The length should be such that the tube reaches the bottom of the container. After that, the tank will make much less noise.
In addition to such a device, there are other ways to get rid of noise during the operation of the tank. The cardinal solution is to replace the conventional float valve with a stabilizing valve. special camera. In this case, you can forever forget about the noise and relax in comfort.
Repairing a toilet cistern is a simple procedure. To fix all the malfunctions with your own hands, it is enough to have time, desire and the simplest tools.
However, sometimes there are difficulties with the diagnosis of breakdowns or the repair itself. In this case, it is better not to experiment and call a plumber.
Such a sanitary device as a toilet bowl appeared in the Middle Ages, but due to the lack of running water and sewerage, it never gained popularity. Toilet device modern model much more complex than the old prototype.
It consists of a tank, a bowl, valves, as well as a unit that is used to drain the liquid. At the top of the bowl is a seat with a lid.
The principle of operation of the toilet is simple, but there are some nuances regarding the drain.
Basic operating principles
The entire working process takes place in the drain tank. The composition of this element includes a device for filling and draining. Water enters the tank through a special hose from the water supply. In order for the liquid to accumulate in the tank in the right amount, a filling device is used. When the water reaches a predetermined level, the shut-off valve shuts off its supply.
If the user presses the button mechanism, the drain device is activated. The liquid from the tank is fed into the bowl in portions, it has a high speed of movement, which allows you to quickly and efficiently wash away waste in sewer system. Only a few consumers are aware of the mechanism that is inside the tank, but the performance of the entire system depends on its setting. Liquid is supplied from the tank to the toilet in several different ways.
Water supply from above is carried out according to the following principle. At the top of the tank is shut-off valves, but the water gets here from the side channel. A float is installed on the inside of the lever. At a certain level of liquid, the float rises and the second lever begins to press on the stem, pressing the valve and closing the hole. Such a toilet cistern flush mechanism is the most common. It is installed on most sanitary appliances.
In a device with a bottom liquid supply drain valve located at the bottom of the tank. During operation of the toilet, the float moves vertically in the direction of the stem. When it moves, a shut-off membrane is activated, which is used to regulate the water level inside the tank. The advantage of a bottom flush toilet is its quiet, silent operation.
How the tank is filled
With a lateral connection of the supply hose, the liquid level can be adjusted by changing the size of the needle, at the end of which the float is attached. In some models, a thick brass wire is used instead of a knitting needle. This element is bent in the middle so that the float changes its previous position, slightly higher or lower. The higher this element is, the more water will fit in the tank.
For most modern toilets, manufacturers have decided to change the metal inserts to plastic. It will not work to bend such parts, they simply break. In such a design, the float is moved up or down along the pin, thereby increasing or decreasing the volume of the cistern.
Helpful information! For easy level control, some designs have a threaded rod that is used to change the position of the displacer.
When liquid is supplied from below, the float bar is placed vertically. The water level here can be adjusted with your own hands without the help of a master. To do this, it is necessary to move the float to the lower height and fix its position with the help of special nuts on both sides. When carrying out such work, it is necessary to remove the lid from the tank, where the button is fixed. In some models, it is rigidly connected to the flush valve.
To prevent possible breakdowns, this design is disassembled with extreme care. First unscrew the clamp on the button and only then remove the cover. If the float is at the top and does not stop the flow of fluid, then the problem is that the inlet valve is not working properly. This element will have to be disassembled, cleaned and reassembled or replaced with a new one.
Escapement mechanism
When it is necessary to drain the water in order to wash something off, the user simply presses the tank button, the rest of the process happens by itself. When pressed, the descent mechanism is triggered, while it begins to open drain valve, and the water leaves the inside of the tank. Streams of liquid are fed in portions into the bowl, wash off the sewage and enter the sewer.
Any toilet is designed in such a way that the mechanisms of descent and filling in it are interconnected, although the nodes are different. This means that as soon as you press the button and the water flows out, the tank starts to refill automatically, no special actions are taken for this.
In addition to pressing the button, there are models in which the drain process is started using a lever or a rope (chain) that must be pulled.
Note! The tanks have different appearance(design and shape), but the same capacity of 4 or 6 liters. In addition, the size for the opening of the drain valves in them is the same.
Water drain structures have a different assembly. If such a mechanism breaks, it is bought in a store and changed. The oldest and simplest design drain siphon a pear is considered, which is shaped like a plunger. Under the mass of water, this element is pressed against the hole and blocks the drain.
After the user presses the lever, the pear begins to rise up and releases liquid from the hole. Then the water supply is turned on, the pear becomes heavier and lowers back into the saddle - the process is repeated.
The overflow tube is always in the open state, the upper end of this element is located above the specified liquid level.
If the tank overflows, excess liquid will begin to flow into the sewer. Overflow functions when the toilet flush mechanism breaks down. The tank has such a structure that water cannot pour out of it even if emergency. The operation of the overflow will lead to increased water consumption, but will prevent a possible flood in the toilet. The descent of the toilet can be circular or horizontal. The first option is preferable, as it effectively washes away impurities.
Dual flush
In the latest plumbing models, a button with two keys is installed; when you press one of them, you can save water. Similar devices work in two modes:
- Standard - allows you to dump the entire capacity of the tank (4-6 liters).
- Half - when only 1/2 of the volume is released when the toilet cistern flush button is pressed.
This design is much more economical in terms of fluid consumption, but it is difficult to set up and repair. The number of parts in such a device is increased, which means that it will break more often. In addition to models with two buttons, there are also one-button options. In them, the ejection of liquid is regulated by the degree of pressing the button. When the key is pressed lightly, the water drops to half the volume, when the pressure is strong, it runs off completely.
Rules for adjusting the amount of drain
On the plumbing market, you can find a huge set of fittings for supplying water to the tank, but most models can be adjusted independently. New, just bought fittings are adjusted so that the water in the tank is at the highest possible level. If the drain volume is reduced by 2 liters, the device will operate in the same mode.
Let's get acquainted with the process of regulating the water level in the tank with one button. To change the volume of liquid, do the following:
- Shut off the flow of fluid to the toilet with a tap that is installed in front of the supply hose. If there is no such valve, you will have to close cold water throughout the apartment.
- Press the button to drain the contents of the tank.
- They begin disassembling the tank, for this it is necessary to unscrew the drain plug. The rim is taken by the bolt and unscrewed. The lid must not be lifted before the plug is removed, as this can break the fittings.
- After the cork, remove the lid and look at the water level. Most likely, the liquid was on the very high level. There are divisions on the overflow tube, they determine the level of lowering the water.
- Find a float. This part is usually connected to the water supply foot.
- To reduce the flow of water, turn the screw on the valve mechanism clockwise.
When the adjustment is completed, it is necessary to check to what level the water rises. In order to save on draining, the surface of the liquid should be 3 cm from the overflow tube. This part is located in the center of the tank. If the toilet is working properly, return the lid to its place and tighten the button. Then we check the functioning of the drain system again.
It is quite difficult to imagine a cozy home without a full-fledged toilet room, the main element of which is the toilet. An important component of this design is the toilet cistern. Not every person pays attention to capacity. It is unsightly, and in some cases it is mounted into the wall. If the toilet cistern becomes unusable, you will have to understand the importance of the design, because a catastrophe will occur in an apartment or private house.
How does a toilet flush mechanism work?
The principle of operation of the drain tank is quite simple. It is based on the phased action of shutoff valves.
If the toilet did not have a well-thought-out drainage system, the design would turn into an ordinary pot. Flushing with water from the water supply system allows you to free the residents of an apartment or a private house from unnecessary actions, thanks to which you can visit toilet room can comfortably.
Through a flexible hose, water will flow from the pipes into the toilet bowl, which has several mechanisms - filling and draining. The filling device of the drain tank allows water to accumulate in a container specially designed for this. It will accumulate to the required level, after which the supply valve will close.
The drain fitting will start functioning when the user presses the button (pulls the chain or lever). A portion of water, which is determined in advance, will begin to pour into the toilet bowl at high speed, flushing all the contents into the sewer pipe.
The design inside the toilet cistern is one of the things that most people don't pay attention to.
Water will be supplied with the help of fittings, which are responsible for collecting water in the tank. The water supply system can be performed in the following ways:
- The fittings are located at the top of the drain tank, water will flow through the side channel. In this case, the float is placed at the end of the lever. When it reaches the required level, the other end of the lever will put pressure on the rod, which, using the membrane, will shut off the water supply. This method is quite common among Russian manufacturers of plumbing fixtures.
- The fittings are located at the bottom of the drain tank (bottom supply). In such a system, the float will move along a vertical rod. Energy to the membrane, which locks the device, will be transferred due to the movement of the float with the help of a special thrust, which serves as a regulator for limiting the water level in the tank. This option has a quieter set of water when compared to the previous one.
The fluid supply mechanism is a simple design based on the laws of physics. In some cases, even the most simple systems may fail, in connection with which the user will need to intervene.
The most common breakdowns
- Water is supplied slowly. In most cases, this problem is caused by clogging of the overlapping membrane. Solving it is quite simple: you need to clean the fluid supply hole from debris. The main thing is to carefully dismantle the membrane mechanism, and then assemble it in stages, leaving no extra elements. To perform this work, you do not need to have any special tools, you just need to buy pliers or wire cutters.
- Lots of fluid in the reservoir. In this case, you will need to adjust the water level in the tank. The method to solve this problem will depend on the type of float installed. If the feed occurs in the side part, then the level can be adjusted by unscrewing the lever nut. After that, it will be necessary to lower the side of the lever with the float below. If the feed occurs at the bottom, then the float level can be set by rotating the plastic screw rod. It is necessary to rotate so that the float drops, as a result of which the water level in the tank decreases.
- Float levers broke. Such a malfunction cannot be repaired, therefore it will be necessary to replace the entire float mechanism of the drain tank.
The drain mechanism may also break. It has some elements that often break. The most common is the problem of fluid not being retained in the tank. There may be several reasons for this:
- Water is passed by a shut-off valve. There are two ways how you can solve the problem. The easiest way is to replace the rubber membrane if it is worn out. If the problem is different, you should remove the sediment and debris accumulated during the period of operation by lifting the toilet drain valve. In order to replace the rubber membrane, it is not necessary to dismantle the drain tank. This mechanism consists of several individual elements, therefore it will be enough to dismantle the upper part by turning it counterclockwise.
- Overflow. You can solve the problem by adjusting the overflow level. You will need to raise it to a safe distance (no higher than the side openings of the body) and install the float so that the liquid supply ends lower than the overflow occurs.
The main elements of the drain tank
If you know the device of the toilet cistern well, you can easily repair it yourself or purchase parts that are out of order.
The purpose of the filling valve is to regulate the level of water in the tank. As it decreases, it will be served required amount water. An ordinary float was invented a long time ago. This design is an integral element of the toilet cistern.
The design, originally invented, had the following form: a brass rocker, at one end of which a float was installed, and at the other - a valve with a rubber gasket that shuts off the water. To date, the device has changed somewhat, but the principle of operation is the same. The figure above shows a diagram of a drain tank, which shows the principle of interaction of all available elements.
The float moves vertically. Water enters the tank quickly enough, because the hole is completely open. Stop valve will block it not slowly, but completely, at the end of the set of water. Previously, the valve was located at the bottom of the structure, now it is on the side.
Overflow and drain systems
All modern modifications were made on the basis of the pear system. Previously, the toilet cistern device was equipped with a rubber pear that hermetically closes the drain hole. In order for the water to go down, it was necessary to pull the lever.
Today, there are other drain devices. There may be a valve assembly that communicates with overflow and filling systems. It starts working after the user presses the button located on the tank. In order to be able to save some water, modern designs have 2 buttons at once, which are responsible for small and large drains.
The fittings for the drain tank consist of plastic elements and rubber pads. If something breaks, it is possible to buy the entire kit or any of the elements separately in a plumbing store.
The drain mechanism is combined with an overflow to avoid overfilling the tank. If there is too much water, then it will not pour out, but will go straight into the sewer pipe.
In terms of quality, the leading place is occupied by German drain fittings. After it comes the Polish one, which costs much less.
Classification of toilet tanks
Tanks can be divided into groups in different ways. In one of the divisions, the classification is based on the features of the drain mechanism of the tank.
- Classification according to the type of descent device.
There may be several options for placing buttons or a lever:- Above. The button that activates the drain system is installed in the middle of the tank lid.
- side. This option is most often used in tanks that are not installed on the toilet shelf, but on the wall. With this device, the water is drained by pulling the chain. The button here can exist separately from the tank. It is installed directly above the toilet.
- Separation according to the method of installation.
- Wall installation. A common method that requires completely redoing at least one wall. This must be done because the tank is installed inside the wall. Using this method, you can save some amount of free space.
- Mounting on top. The tank is installed high on the wall, exactly above the toilet. Connected with a pipe. This method of fastening is outdated, but there are models of a similar plan on sale, because there is a demand for them. Toilets with such tanks are not suitable for any interior. They can look good in a room that is made in a retro style.
- Tank on the toilet shelf. This model is in demand. The advantage is that any damage can be easily repaired.
- Classification according to the material of production.
- Cast iron toilet cistern. This material is quite practical, because many people use the designs that are made from it. Such devices are not very convenient and beautiful.
- Faience device. These designs are the most popular because they are part of a compact toilet. The most common designs that can be installed on the toilet shelf have a large number of various options performances that differ in shape and color scheme. Among structures made of such material, in some cases there are devices that are made in different styles ranging from country to modern. The cost of such structures starts from 20,000 rubles.
- Plastic device. Tanks that are built into the wall have unusual shape and are often flat. Installing such structures is very simple. Their light weight is also an advantage.
- Separation according to the type of escapement mechanism.
- Mechanical system - the device can be adjusted without user intervention.
- Manual System - The tank valve can be opened if desired by the user.
The mechanism of the drain tank is quite simple if you know its main components. All about choosing a toilet bowl from retro to high-tech, see
