Air conditioning of a private house. Overview of air conditioning systems for cottages Duct air conditioning for cottages

COTTAGE VENTILATION IS A COMPONENT OF COMFORT

Good ventilation - necessary condition to create a healthy microclimate and comfort in the house. At the same time, the ventilation of a private house is of greatest interest and greatest number questions. Why are ventilation issues in particular last years is there so much attention?

There are at least two reasons for this. On the one hand, this is a completely understandable desire to make your home as comfortable as possible, and this desire is supported by modern technologies. On the other hand, the widespread use of new building materials and structures that impede or completely block the natural air exchange between the room and the street.

Exist various ways organization of air exchange: from periodic opening of windows and doors (ventilation) to systems for preparing and delivering fresh air to each room. In most cases rational decision, as usual, is somewhere in the middle.

The task of our company’s employees is to find this “golden mean” for each case and implement it.

Cottage ventilation and modern materials

Previously, such strict requirements were not imposed on the home ventilation system. Today, when creating a cottage ventilation project, our engineers certainly take into account the materials and type of external enclosing structures of the house.

The fact is that traditional construction technologies left many opportunities for the influx of outside air: the influx was organized through leaks in the enclosing structures (windows and walls). In those conditions, a simple hood was enough to maintain a comfortable atmosphere in the house. In addition, predominantly homogeneous walls with good vapor permeability quite effectively removed water vapor outside without trapping it in their thickness.

Sealed windows are the cause of high humidity in the house. Installing airtight windows and doors makes a world of difference. Modern windows and the doors have virtually no gaps, which were considered quite seriously as part of the ventilation system in old building codes. And without them, the hood practically does not work. It only creates a vacuum, which does not lead to ventilation. The solution is to create supply channels, which will be discussed below.

Eliminating cracks is not the only innovation that has to be responded to by improving the cottage ventilation system. The use of materials with low vapor permeability also makes a contribution: vapor barriers, impermeable insulation, clinker cladding and others.

Severe limitation of the natural release of moisture through the walls requires the use of new solutions and careful calculation of air exchange.

Air exchange standards in a private house

According to current standards, in particular “Single-apartment residential buildings”, a single air exchange per hour is required in the residential premises of the house.

The air exchange rate is the ratio of the volume of the room to the volume of air. For example, for a living room with an area of 20 m2 with a ceiling height of 3 meters, the required sanitary air exchange is 60 m3/hour.

The minimum air exchange for residential premises in non-working mode (when there are no people in the room) and for utility rooms in the house must be at least 0.2 times.

Ventilation in a private house - system options

Ventilation in a residential building must maintain cleanliness and air quality in accordance with sanitary standards, as well as the uniformity of its receipt and distribution.

Ventilation in a private house can be of the following types:

Natural. With the natural impulse of air movement through the ventilation ducts
Mechanical. With forced inflow and outflow
Combined. With natural inflow and partial use of mechanical exhaust.

Supply and exhaust ventilation with heat recovery

Air handling unit with recovery

One of the effective and practical options Ventilation devices in a private house are supply and exhaust ventilation with heat recovery.

In this case, the air exchange in the house is performed by a central supply and exhaust unit. Outside air entering the installation is cleaned of dust, heated in a recuperator, reheated in a water or electric heater and distributed through galvanized steel air ducts to residential premises.

Recuperation is the use of heat from exhaust air to heat supply air. For example, to heat 1000 m3/hour of air from -28 to +20 you need approximately 15 kW of heat ( hot water) or electrical energy. Recuperation can save up to 80% of these costs.

The automation of the air handling unit allows you to flexibly control its operation: set the temperature, regulate the amount of air, change the speed, etc.

Maintenance of the air handling unit mainly consists of regularly replacing air filters. On average, it is recommended to change filters at least once a quarter.

Modern air handling units tend to operate quietly, especially at low fan speeds.

The approximate cost of supply and exhaust ventilation with heat recovery for a private home can be calculated using our website.

Air handling units with recovery, of various designs: vertical floor, horizontal floor, ceiling-mounted

Like any system, supply and exhaust ventilation with heat recovery in a cottage has its strengths and weaknesses.

Pros:

Heat recovery
Convenient control

Minuses:

Space required for equipment and air ducts
Relatively high cost

A description of the supply and exhaust ventilation with recovery and the air conditioning system of the cottage can be seen in this video

Central air conditioning

Duct air cooler

A good alternative to conventional air conditioners (wall-mounted or ducted) is central air conditioning.

For ease of understanding, central air conditioning is the same forced ventilation, but with increased productivity and with the option of supply air cooling. That is, in summer, outside air enters the house with a temperature of not + 30 degrees. C, as on the street, and +18, for example, or any other at the request of the user.

Unlike air conditioners, which “drive” the same air, central air conditioning creates a fundamentally better microclimate in the house, since it fills the house with fresh air. This is, in general, a high level.

As a result, the house does not have indoor air conditioning units, hatches, drains, or the like. All equipment is located in one place - this simplifies installation and service.

Freon outdoor units from the same air conditioners or chiller-type refrigeration machines operating according to the freon/water circuit are used as coolers in central air conditioning.

Like any system, central air conditioning in a private home has its strengths and weaknesses.

The main disadvantage of the system is the difficulty in regulating the temperature in the rooms - in this case, you can set the overall temperature of the supply air.

Also, central air conditioning does not create extreme cold, since the performance depends on the multiplicity, and in ventilation the multiplicity is small. Rather, it is a lightweight cooling option that creates a slight background coolness throughout the home.

Advantages:

High air quality in your home all year round
Filtration, heating or cooling of supply air
Management flexibility
There are no internal blocks, hatches, drains, etc.
Service in one place

Difficulties:

Difficulty in regulating temperature by zone
No extreme cold
Professional installation required

Supply and exhaust ventilation without heat recovery

Supply unit

In this case, to organize supply and exhaust ventilation in the cottage, a central supply unit and several exhaust systems are used.

Fresh air enters the supply unit, is cleaned of dust, heated in a water or electric heater, humidified or cooled if necessary, and distributed to living rooms through a network of galvanized steel air ducts.

The automation of the air supply unit allows you to flexibly control its operation - change the supply temperature, air quantity, fan speed, etc.

Exhaust systems are made partially mechanical, i.e. work from fans, partly natural - work due to natural draft.

Maintenance of the air handling unit involves regularly replacing the air filters. On average, change air filter on air handling unit It is recommended at least once a quarter.

Supply and exhaust ventilation of a private house without recovery has its strengths and weaknesses.

Advantages:

High air quality all year round
Filtration and heating of outside air
Supply and exhaust systems are located separately
Convenient control

Difficulties:

Requires space for equipment and ducts
No heat recovery
Professional installation required

Combined ventilation

Ventilation in a residential building according to the natural inflow/mechanical exhaust scheme

A combined ventilation system in a private house is, as a rule, a scheme with mechanical exhaust and natural inflow.

Mechanical exhaust is performed by one or more channel exhaust fans. Exhaust fans operate constantly to ensure stable air exchange. To save electrical and thermal resources, you can use speed controllers for exhaust fans with manual or automatic control(for example, by CO2 sensor).

The air flow is organized naturally. For this purpose, window or wall supply valves are used.

Supply valves do not contain moving parts, and air enters the room through them due to the vacuum created by exhaust fans.

In this case, supply air enters the house without preheating. Only this is not a problem if under supply valve a properly selected heating device is installed, ideally an open radiator.

This ventilation scheme for a private house can be described as relatively inexpensive and practical. The world leader in the field of ventilation systems of this type is the French company Aereco.

Advantages:

Relatively inexpensive installation
Minimum space for equipment
Minimum maintenance

Flaws:

No supply air filtration
No inflow heating
Minimum air exchange rates

Natural ventilation in a private house

Scheme of natural ventilation of a residential building

In the recent past, and even in our time, natural ventilation has been the most common scheme for organizing air exchange in a private residential building.

This is due to the simplicity, versatility and cost-effectiveness of natural ventilation. If the system is correctly designed and installed it bears minimum costs for maintenance and operation. The main disadvantage of natural ventilation is the instability of its operation during the warm season.

Natural draft in exhaust ducts appears due to two things: the temperature difference in the house and outside and the difference in height between the air intake grille in the house and the ridge of the exhaust shaft.

Accordingly, the colder it is outside and the greater the difference in heights, the better the draft in the exhaust duct. Therefore, during the warm period of the year, when there is almost no temperature difference, natural ventilation works unstably or does not work at all. Also, due to the difference in heights, the draft on the upper floors of the house is always slightly worse than on the lower ones.

Natural ventilation in a home requires careful design. For example, any reduction in the cross-section of the air duct can cause the entire duct to collapse, since the force of natural draft is not great. For the same reason, air ducts in a natural hood are always larger in cross-section than in a mechanical one.

To do natural ventilation In a private house, you can use your own hands, for example, the following algorithm of actions.

First you need to identify all the utility rooms in the house. Utility rooms include: kitchen, bathrooms, bathrooms, pantries, dressing rooms, etc.

Laying individual air ducts in a common ventilation shaft

A separate air duct is laid from each utility room into a common exhaust shaft. It is necessary to lay two air ducts from the kitchen - one from kitchen umbrella, the second from the exhaust grille under the kitchen ceiling (general exhaust hood). Thus, in the exhaust shaft there will be a number of air ducts equal to approximately utility rooms.

It is optimal to use a metal air duct diameter 125 mm. It will be a little worse, but acceptable, if you use a plastic air duct diameter of 100 mm.

Unstable operation during warm periods

Low performance

No heat recovery

Designing ventilation in a private house

The ventilation project for a private house is carried out at the stage of general construction design of the house or at the stage of construction and finishing works.

Designing cottage ventilation is carried out in the following sequence.

Drawing up technical specifications
Choosing a ventilation system concept
Drawing up calculation tables of heat input and air exchange
Selection and placement of equipment
Aerodynamic and hydraulic calculations
Duct routing
Selection and calculation of ventilation grilles
Preparation of drawings
Drawing up specifications for equipment and materials

When designing ventilation in a private house, you need to pay attention to the following features:

The volumes of exhaust and supply air must be equal to each other, that is, balanced
Fresh air is always supplied to living spaces, exhaust air is removed from utility rooms (kitchen, bathroom, pantries, dressing rooms, etc.). This is done to prevent the flow of air from utility rooms to living spaces.
Merge into one ventilation duct(air duct) exhaust from the kitchen and bathroom is not allowed.
The air speed in the main air ducts and ventilation shafts should not exceed 6 m/s, the maximum air speed at the exit from the grille is 3 m/s
The exhaust shaft (air duct) passing along the street must be insulated with insulation 50 mm thick or more.

Installation of ventilation in a private house

Installation of ventilation in a private house is usually carried out simultaneously with construction and finishing work. To improve the quality and consistency of work, it is recommended to install ventilation in the house according to the appropriate design or installation diagram.

When installing ventilation in a private house, pay attention to the following features:

It is advisable to place the ventilation and air conditioning system equipment in a separate room, as far as possible from living rooms. The ideal place to place ventilation equipment is the basement, ground floor or street.
It is allowed to place equipment in the attic, provided that sound and heat insulation measures are taken.
It is recommended to use metal or plastic ducts. All other things being equal, round ducts are better than rectangular ones.
Flexible air ducts can only be used to connect ventilation elements (grills, fans, etc.) and only in places that will be accessible in the future. It is not allowed to use flexible air ducts as main air ducts (SP 73.13330.2012)
To soundproof the ventilation system, it is necessary to apply all standard noise reduction measures: flexible inserts, vibration isolators, noise suppressors.
Supply and exhaust units or fans must have a soundproof housing.

Some comfort issues

Comfort in the house in terms of ventilation is determined not only by the gas composition. The temperature of the incoming air, the pattern of its distribution throughout the room and its mobility are very important.

The entry of cool air into a room can create a convection current, which is perceived as an unpleasant draft. Such a room will always be uncomfortable, even at normal temperatures.

Considering the high requirements for air exchange, neutralizing such “drafts” often requires taking special measures, and when developing the installation of cottage ventilation, this circumstance must be taken into account.

Qualification and accurate calculations are what the Microclimate Technologies company guarantees to its clients along with modern equipment and high-quality installation.

Our engineers are ready to offer solutions of any complexity, from simple installation of split systems to a complex climate system for a private home, including air conditioning, ventilation, humidification, disinfection, and air heating.

What to choose?

It depends on what tasks you set for the system. To quickly cool a room, a split system is sufficient, but for full air conditioning with ventilation, we recommend using ducted systems. Such systems can combine everything modern technologies, such as heat recovery, VAV ventilation, which will allow you to save on electricity and heating, control the system through “ smart House" or with mobile phone In addition, channel systems can be integrated into any design, thanks to a huge selection of decorative grilles. A humidifier can be added to a ducted system to automatically control humidity levels. Such an air conditioning system is usually installed at the construction stage or overhaul Houses.

What is included in a turnkey project?

Consultation and preliminary draft with aiming to determine the basic properties and approximate system budget - 1 day, free
Detailed design - calculation of productivity, selection of equipment, design of the entire system on the house plan. Coordination of all system elements with the architectural and design features of the room.
Supply and installation of equipment.
Commissioning works.
Control and system debugging during the first year of operation.

What affects the cost?

The final price is influenced by many factors, such as system performance, selected brands (China, Japan, Europe, etc.), additional properties and functions (humidification, automation), installation complexity (wall chiselling, air duct laying), etc. Our At the stage of object development, engineers try to optimize the system as much as possible, based on the principle of reasonable sufficiency. In addition, when ordering a turnkey project, we provide the maximum possible discounts on equipment, which most on the market do not have.

The cost of the system can be further reduced if the customer undertakes part of the work on preparing the premises.

Already have a project?

In 95% of cases, we manage to reduce the final cost of the project by optimizing the system and re-selecting equipment. We have perhaps the biggest discounts on many popular brands.

Examples:

Cottage in the Millennium Park village, the project includes a Mitsubishi Electric system, RUB 3,200,000, supplied by Daikin, RUB 2,350,000. Saving 850 000 rubles

Cottage in the Madison Park village, in the Mitsubishi Electric project, RUB 2,750,000, supplied by Daikin, RUB 2,000,000. Saving 750 000 rubles

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Related tasks:

Cottage ventilation

Ventilation with dehumidification for swimming pools

Cottage heating

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Reviews

V.A. Avetisova, Head of the Operations Department of PJSC ROSBANK

We express sincere gratitude for providing free assistance in the selection of equipment for installing an air conditioning system in a building with an area of 1800 m2.

Alexey Safronov, residential complex Vodnik

If you need people who can solve complex and non-standard climate control problems, then the Smart Climate company is a very good choice.

V.V. Khokhrin, CEO LLC "DAPL" (DataPlanet)

Supply of equipment and everything necessary work were completed with high quality and on time. Separately, we would like to note the responsiveness of our manager Andrey Nikolaev in resolving technical and organizational issues

Spetsstroy of Russia

All deliveries were completed ahead of schedule. Your employees competently consulted on emerging issues and quickly found the optimal solution to any problem.

Khaliullin M., ZhK Opalikha

The equipment was promptly selected, calculated and presented in the commercial proposal, all technical issues were resolved with a full understanding of my requirements and installation nuances. Due to the significant amount of the order, the supply of equipment and installation were divided into two stages without any additional payments.

Nguyen Canh Hong Linh, General Director Hanoi-Moscow

In general, we evaluate the quality of services provided as high. Issues that arose during the implementation of the project were resolved fairly quickly.

A. V. Puchkov, General Director of Urban-Group LLC

The Urban-Group company expresses gratitude for meeting the deadlines for the delivery and installation of equipment at the Laikovo residential complex. I would like to separately note the professionalism of the company’s engineers in resolving issues in the field of air conditioning.

A. V. Mestnikov, First Deputy Director for Production, ESO ALROSA

Thank you for creating an air conditioning system for administrative premises. In a short time, a full cycle of work was carried out to equip the building with a VRF system, from selection to commissioning.

Yu.I. Loginov, General Director of SPTK "INTELSET"

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to you for the prompt and high-quality installation of the air conditioning system in the server room of our enterprise. I would especially like to note the successful project of placing equipment in a building guarded by KGIOP, and its clear implementation, ensuring compliance with Security Legislation

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Bolotin A.S., Director of the PF “Ray of Childhood”

Thank you for your attention and enormous charitable assistance to the foundation.

Bolotin A.S., Director of the PF “Ray of Childhood”

Thank you for your attention and enormous charitable assistance to the foundation.

It is best to plan air conditioning in a cottage at the construction stage, when it is possible to carry out communications. The air conditioning system will cost less, and the finish will not be damaged during installation.

The choice of air conditioners for a cottage depends on three indicators:

power;
brand.

Cottage air conditioning system type

The most popular types of climate control equipment are:

wall-mounted split systems, including multi-splits;
multizone systems.

Wall murals are inexpensive way air conditioning of the cottage.

But for a multi-room house it is not the most convenient. After all, each room will have to install its own air conditioner.

Multisplits - one outdoor module has several indoor ones. That is, you can get by with one air conditioner for a medium-sized cottage. The equipment operates quietly, the main noise comes from outdoor unit, which is mounted externally. The air temperature in each room can be set differently. Up to 9 indoor modules are connected to one outdoor module.

Duct air conditioners for cottages

Ducted air conditioning systems for cottages are widely used in America and Europe. Indoor unit It is built under a false ceiling, from which ventilation ducts are distributed throughout the house.

The advantage of the systems is the ability to mix in fresh air from the street, while simultaneously providing ventilation to the premises. The system serves several rooms.

Ducted air conditioning systems for cottages have only one significant drawback: additional costs for installing ventilation ducts.

Multizone air conditioners

Optimal comfort in a large area country house will provide multi-zone air conditioners. The biggest advantage of this method of air conditioning in cottages is the ability to lay extensive communications between the modules. That's why external blocks can be installed in any convenient place.

One outdoor unit is connected to several dozen indoor units, which can be different types(wall-mounted, cassette). At the same time, they can simultaneously warm some rooms and cool others, which is not possible with other air conditioning systems.

Temperature changes in the rooms are only 0.5 degrees, which cannot be achieved with other types of climate control equipment.

Multizone systems simultaneously heat, air condition and ventilate rooms. At the same time, they consume less electricity than other systems of similar power.