Sanitary norm of temperature in a dwelling. Temperature standards in the workplace. What to do if the temperature at the workplace is above normal

For many Russians, paying utility bills is associated with constant stress, especially in winter. Indeed, often residents of houses, in most cases of old construction, complain about the cold in the apartment, but at the same time they have to pay for the missing heat in full.

Insufficient space heating is caused by the fact that for some reason the coolant does not warm up as it should. To control this issue, the temperature norm in the apartment during the heating season was introduced. It helps, with the help of state regulatory documents, to prove that it is not the tenants who are too thermophilic, and the public utility is not able to troubleshoot in time.

Factors affecting temperature

The final temperature in the apartment can depend on many factors. The main and most significant are the following:

• The climate in the region;
• Season;
• Human factor: number of residents, their age and subjective preferences;
• The location of the apartment technical features and the condition of the coolants.

Since each parameter affects the final result in its own way, we will study them in more detail.

Climatic conditions

Depending on the region in which the consumer's home is located, the temperature level inside is also set. So, in remote regions in the north it is quite cold, and in the southern latitudes home temperature will be noticeably higher. In addition, it is important to take into account the humidity of outdoor air, atmospheric pressure and the amount of precipitation outside the window.

Season

The time of the year has the most direct impact on the climate in the apartment: in summer the temperature will be high, and in winter it will drop significantly. In the spring, public utilities stop the heating season, which also affects the thermometer readings. If the autumn turned out to be cold, it can be cold in the apartment almost the same as in winter.

According to GOST R 51617-2000 “Housing and communal services. Are common specifications» the temperature in the apartment should be between 18-25 degrees Celsius

In most Russian regions optimum temperature in a residential area is in the following range:

• from 19 to 23 o - in the winter months;
• from 24 to 27 o - in the summer months.

Despite the fact that the difference of 3-4 degrees at first glance seems insignificant, in fact, these changes are very noticeable. In winter, due to the lack of ventilation, the air becomes drier, and the temperature seems to be lower than it really is.

Housing features

A few more components of a comfortable atmosphere in the house are the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises, the height of the ceilings, the location of the dwelling, and even the presence of furniture. An apartment with high ceilings will warm up worse due to the large area. And in the corner apartment it will be a little colder than in the central one - the latter is protected from the wind by neighboring apartments.

They also influence specifications housing. Among them:

1. Battery size. The larger the radiator, the higher the room temperature will be. However, experts do not recommend residents to change the number of battery sections on their own. Due to such manipulations, the pressure in the heating system may drop, and the radiators will not fully warm up.
2. Energy saving double-glazed windows. In the room where such a double-glazed window is installed, it is much warmer than in the rest. This design reliably protects from cold and wind, but at the same time easily passes the sun's rays inside.
3. Wall insulation. Walls finished inside or outside heat-insulating material, will help reduce heat loss in the room.
4. Additional elements. If you install a heat-reflecting screen next to the battery, the resulting heat will be directed inside the apartment, warming up the room better. Carpet on the walls or insulated linoleum on the floor will also contribute to the preservation comfortable temperature.

Human factor

Temperature has a different effect on people of different sex and age. For example, men will feel comfortable in colder temperatures than women.

Pets feel warm and in case of cold weather they look for the warmest place

In an apartment where children live, it is very important to regularly check the norm, because the body of babies is not yet able to independently increase or decrease heat transfer. Children tend to freeze or overheat faster than adults, so the average temperature in the children's room should be kept at +22 degrees. The same applies to older people: they are very sensitive to temperature changes.

Temperature standards in the apartment

Standards for the temperature in residential premises during heating season legalized, and their violation may be followed by administrative or criminal penalties. They are determined by sanitary and building codes and regulations, and are an absolute law for utilities.

At what temperature turn on the heating

The nuances of the beginning of the heating season are provided for by Decree of the Russian Government No. 354 of May 6, 2011. According to him, the batteries in the apartments turn on when the average daily temperature drops below +8 C on. Moreover, this indicator should not change within 5 days.

According to the rules, the heating season begins at an average daily temperature below 8 °C for 5 consecutive days

For example, if for two days in a row the temperature was at +6, and then rose to +9, and in the next two days it fell again to +7, then heating will not be turned on. The batteries are disconnected according to the same scheme: on the street for 5 days in a row the temperature should be above +8 C о.

It is important! As a rule, the heating season in most Russian regions starts in mid-October and ends in April.

Temperature standards

To make it pleasant for tenants to be in their apartment, each room and room should have its own temperature indicators. According to GOST and SNiP, the most comfortable temperature for a person ranges from 19 to 25 degrees.

The standards for residential and non-residential premises in an apartment building can be found in the table below.

According to the norms of SanPin, the minimum run-up between temperatures in different rooms should not be more than 3 degrees.

It is important! At night, the air temperature outside the windows drops sharply regardless of the season, so slight temperature fluctuations are acceptable at night.

The minimum temperature in a corner apartment is 20 °C

Medical component

We found that the optimum temperature for a living room is 22 C. However, medical standards introduce another very important indicator - air humidity. If it does not exceed 40%, and the temperature standards are observed, then the person in the room will be comfortable. Otherwise, health problems may begin:

• Irritation of the nasal mucosa;
• Mucus production in the nasopharynx;
• Decreased immunity to acute respiratory viral infections;
• Violation of the psycho-emotional state.

Higher humidity is allowed only in the bathroom. The bathroom must be protected from mold and excessive dampness, so a higher temperature is acceptable here. It neutralizes the harmful effects of water vapor, so the threat to health is excluded.

The cool temperature in the bedroom promotes rapid relaxation and deep sleep, helping the body to fully rest during the night. The kitchen should not be too hot, because the stove and other heating elements will cause the temperature to rise anyway.

The elevated temperature in the nursery creates the optimal level for the regulation of heat transfer in small tenants. So, in an apartment where this moment there is a child, the temperature must be increased by at least 1 degree. During bathing, the temperature in the bathroom should be 28 C.

How to measure the temperature in the apartment

In order to track the deviation from the norms, it is recommended to regularly measure the temperature in living rooms. And it is important to do it right, considering all technical requirements. They look like this:

• The measurement is made at a level of 1 m from outer wall and 1.5 m from the floor covering;
• The presence of factors that can affect the temperature is not allowed in the room: cracks, heaters, open windows / doors, direct sunlight;
• Indications are recorded hourly during the day, after which the average is calculated;
• The weather on the day of the inspection must be neutral, with no extreme heat or abnormal cold allowed.

When measuring, a deviation is considered to be a temperature below the standard. In cases where an independent measurement showed a deviation from the norm, it is necessary to contact the dispatch service. After a call to the address of the tenant, an emergency team is sent, which draws up an official inspection report. The document contains the following data:

• Technical description of the apartment, including its location (corner, central), area and other data;
• List of persons who measured the temperature;
• Description of the instrument used for measurements;
• Recorded temperature indicators;
• Signatures of all participants.

The act is filled in two copies: one of them remains in the hands of the owners of the apartment.

It is important! If the measurements showed that the temperature of the water in the radiator during the day was lower by 3 C o, and at night by 5 C o, the management company is obliged to recalculate the cost utilities. The amount by which the cost of housing and communal services will be reduced depends on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises. The more spacious the apartment, the less you will have to pay.

Air exchange rate in living quarters

In addition to temperature and humidity, one more factor affects the comfort of a person in an apartment. important factor- air exchange. This is a process during which the already exhausted air in the room is replaced with fresh partially or completely. Ventilation is carried out regularly to start air exchange.

This indicator indicates how many times per hour the air in the room is completely replaced with clean air. This value depends on the characteristics of the room and its area. So, if in an hour the volume of air in the room was replaced equal to the volume of the room - this is called a single air exchange. And if the volume of air is updated, similar to only half the volume of the room, this is considered 0.5-fold air exchange.

Air exchange rates

This parameter, like the others, is controlled by SanPiN norms. According to the document, the standards for the types of premises are distributed as follows:

• Residential premises up to 25 m 2 - air exchange of at least 3 m 3 / h per m 2;
• Kitchen with gas stove- 9 m 3 / h per m 2, with electric - 9 m 3 / h per m 2;
• Other rooms up to 20 m 2 - 1 m 3 / h per m 2.

As a rule, residents of apartment buildings do not undertake to independently measure the air exchange rate, since this is a complex procedure that requires additional equipment. Most often, professional bureaus and laboratories are engaged in measurements.

However, if there is no trust in experts or there is a strong desire to fix the indicators on your own, then this can be done in two ways:

1. Purchase of the Air Door device. The design is installed in a door or window opening. The fan in its structure draws air into the room, then the multiplicity index is measured.
2. Thermal anemometer and balometer. The first device shows the speed at which the air moves in the room, and the second - its volume.

Determination of coolant temperature in batteries

The temperature in the room largely depends on how hot the batteries are in the apartment. For the temperature of the coolant, there are also their own standards and ways to fix the indicators.

The infrared thermometer is designed for non-contact measurement of the temperature of various objects, including heating radiators.

You can measure the temperature of the coolant in several ways:

1. Ordinary thermometer. The hot water that flows from the tap in the bathroom is the coolant from the radiator. Therefore, the easiest way is to draw hot water into a glass and measure its temperature by lowering an ordinary thermometer into it.
2. Infrared/alcohol thermometer. In this way, the indicator is measured directly on the heating battery. If the procedure is performed with an alcohol thermometer, it is necessary to tightly tie it to the radiator and cover it with thermal insulation from above.
3. Electrothermometer. More complex, but the most accurate measuring device. Thermocouples are fixed on the battery, after which the “temperature measurement” function is activated and a measurement is taken.

Each equipment has tolerances: for an alcohol thermometer, a deviation of 2 C o is considered normal, for an infrared thermometer - 0.5 C o.

Central heating

In some situations, after turning on the heating, nothing changes. The apartment is still as cold as before due to the fact that the radiators are not warm enough. There may be several reasons for this, and the most common is the ingress of a large amount of air into the system.

For most heating systems installed in apartment buildings there is no minimum temperature limit. The reference point is the air temperature in the room: if it meets the standards, then everything is in order with the degree of heating of the radiators.

Some heating systems can still be controlled. Thus, the norms existing in the regulatory acts can be applied to structures in which the pipe has a lower central supply to the radiator. These norms depend on the climatic conditions outside the apartment.

You need to focus on the following indicators:

• Outdoor temperature from +6 C o: water inlet - min. +55 C o, output - no more than +40 C o;
• Temperature 0 ... +6 C o: at the inlet - +66 C o, return - up to +50 C o;
• The temperature outside the window is from -5 C o: the beginning is +77 C o, the end is not higher than 55 C o.

In addition, sanitary standards provide for permissible temperature indicators for two-pipe and one-pipe heating systems. The following maximum temperatures are allowed by regulation:

• For a two-pipe system - 95 C o;
• For single-pipe - 105 C about.

It is important! If during daytime measurements the average is below the norm by 4 C o, and at night - by 5 C o, you need to contact the public utilities for recalculation of the cost of services.

Hot water supply

IN winter time the main indicator of malfunctions in the heating system is the temperature hot water from the tap. It should be in the range from +64 o to +76 o. To find out the water temperature, the following algorithm of actions is performed:

1. A deep bowl is placed in the bath or sink.
2. It is immediately necessary to put an alcohol thermometer in the container, then it is filled hot water.
3. The thermometer remains in the water for about 10 minutes, after which you can pour out the liquid and record the temperature.

If the result obtained is 3 degrees less or more than normal, then everything is in order with the temperature.

In winter, the temperature of hot water should be in the range from +64 o to +76 o

And if the temperature during the heating season is below normal

If the central heating does not cope with the tasks set, and the apartments are not much warmer than outside during the cool season, then the service is not of sufficient quality. The procedure for resolving the situation is regulated by the Rules for the provision of public services.

According to federal documents, both the owner of the apartment and the tenant can apply to the management company. The tariff will be recalculated by 0.15% for each hour when the specified standards were not observed. The reversal algorithm will be as follows:

1. Living in the apartment by phone call or in writing notifies the public utility about the violation temperature regime.
2. The dispatcher records the owner's appeal and informs the applicant of his full name, time of registration of the appeal and its number.
3. In agreement with the applicant, the date of the inspection is set. Specialists of the UK come to the place and independently measure the temperature.

It is important! If the applicant has not set a convenient date for the inspection, the utility companies are required to start measurements before two hours have passed from the date of registration of the application.

Based on the results, an act is filled out, where, if any, all violations found are indicated. It should also be recorded with which device the temperature was measured and at what time. All those present must sign the document. In the event that the representatives of the management company refuse to confirm the low quality of the services provided, recheck under the supervision of the Housing Authority.

Responsibility of utilities for violation of the temperature regime

If the public utilities have not carried out the check within the agreed time frame, the owner of the apartment can independently draw up an inspection report with the participation of a representative of the HOA and two neighbors. Witnesses will have to monitor the correctness of the check and the reliability of the data entered into the act.

After drawing up the act, the victim has the right to send a claim to the management company with a document attached and demand a recalculation of the cost of the services provided.

It is important! Based on the claim, representatives of the managing organization must eliminate all violations found, after which it is necessary to make sure that the situation has improved. After the work has been completed, the public utilities again check the premises and draw up an act where new data is recorded.

How to make a complaint

In the event that the public utilities failed to completely eliminate the problems or completely ignored the claim, the homeowner has the right to send a complaint to higher authorities. Representatives of such cases are involved in:

• Housing Inspection;
• Prosecutor's offices;
• Society for the protection of consumer rights.

An act with recorded temperature indicators and a letter describing the problem must be sent to the supervisory authority.

To achieve a solution to the problem through the court, you need to prepare:

• Completed certificate of the passed inspection;
• Application issued by the dispatch service;
• Copies of all applications;
• Confirmation of the serviceability of the device that measured the temperature (copies of compliance).

By decision of the court, the representative of the management company is obliged to eliminate all violations within the period specified in the court order.

Recalculation of payment for heating

The recalculation is regulated by the appendix to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 307 of May 23, 2006. Representatives of the management company have the right to reduce the amount on the account if:

• During the day, the temperature in the rooms in the apartment is less than 17 C o, in the corner room - up to 21 C o;
• For one calendar month, the total duration of heating shutdown reached 24 hours;
• At a street temperature of less than -30 C about, the heating norms did not reach +20 C about for an ordinary living room and +22 C about for a corner room.
• There were one-time shutdowns of radiators for at least 15 hours at outdoor air temperatures below 11 C о.

If the temperature in the apartment is below 14 C for several days, citizens have the right not to pay for the service at all. In addition, an application for recalculation is submitted in the event of a breakdown of the heating battery.

By law, citizens have the right to demand a recalculation of heat fees by 0.15% for each hour of non-compliance with the temperature norm

At the same time, a reduction in the cost of services provided may be refused if:

• In the room, heat is lost through cracks or open windows;
• Walls, windows or doors are not insulated;
• Increased air content was recorded in risers.

During the year, a one-time recalculation of the cost of utilities is possible. Experts warn that the recalculation is a lengthy procedure that requires the collection a large number documents. Therefore, before starting to deal with the registration process, it is necessary to carefully prepare.

The utility is an organization that is obliged to monitor the level of customer service and respond to the slightest temperature discrepancies. A homeowner who knows exactly what the temperature should be in each room will be able to quickly respond to problems and regain their rights to receive quality services.

The microclimate in the apartment is determined by many factors. This includes air temperature. The word temperature is of Latin origin and means "normal state". Approximately normal room temperature according to scientific calculations is from 20 to 25 degrees Celsius. But, of course, the main requirement for it is to be comfortable for people living in the apartment. In addition, the temperature regime in the house may depend on numerous nuances. It is worth considering them to create a comfortable atmosphere in your home.

Factors influencing the temperature in the apartment

First of all, let's take into account external factors affecting the temperature in the apartment. So, room temperature may vary due to:

• General climatic terrain features;
• change season;
• Age and preference tenants;
• Features concrete premises.

How the amount of allocated energy allocated for heating is measured is explained in this article:

Climatic features

The norm of the temperature regime in the room varies for each specific area. So, for example, she will different for northern and southern regions, for east and west. For African countries, it will be one, and for Asian or, for example, European, another.

Climate different countries is different. And climate is not just temperature. This concept also includes the humidity in the apartment and outside, as well as atmospheric pressure. The combination of these factors affects the determination of the norm of air temperature in the room. As a rule, in hotter countries with high air humidity, the temperature standards for residential premises are higher than for northern countries with a cold climate.

Change of season

Depending on the change of season, the temperature in the apartment may also vary. For example, in winter it will not be too high, and in summer it will grow accordingly. On average, for the European climate, an acceptable temperature in the cold season 19-22 degrees Celsius, and in a roast 22−25. The difference at first glance seems insignificant, but begins to matter with constant exposure.

Human factor

The main purpose of temperature control in an apartment is to create a comfort zone for the people living in it. Someone feels comfortable in the heat and does not think about buying an air conditioner, while someone lives in the cold with the windows open. However, do not forget that human preferences do not always correspond to the correct temperature regime. Overheating of the room, as well as its excessive hypothermia, can be extremely adversely affect human health.

Be sure to take into account the difference in temperature norms for people of different sex and age. For example, comfortable temperature differs for men and women by about by 2-3 degrees. Women are more thermophilic than men.

Particular attention must be paid to the temperature in the apartment where he lives Small child. For example, a baby has not yet developed thermoregulation of the body, so it is very sensitive to temperature changes, quickly freezes and overheats. Therefore, the temperature in the children's room must be stable. On average, it is 20-23 degrees Celsius.

Temperature for each room

Depending on what functionality this or that room performs in the apartment, the norm of the temperature regime changes.

It should also be remembered that too large a temperature difference in different rooms should not be. A difference of 2-3 degrees is considered ideal, so that when moving around the apartment, a person does not feel the difference.

The temperature in the apartment regulated by one of the GOSTs, as well as the rules for the provision of public services. It is noteworthy that this norm has only a lower temperature threshold of 18 ° C, but it does not have a higher one. That is, the highest standard must be set by ourselves, based on their own preferences and focusing on research in this area.

There is also a table that shows the recommended norms for indoor air temperature for housing, as well as the speed of movement and air humidity.

Despite personal preferences, the temperature norm should still be adhered to at least minimally. This is especially true during the periods of summer and winter, when the temperature in the apartment and on the street are radically different. Therefore, going out into the street and returning home, we constantly exposed to temperature fluctuations. First of all, it is worth considering that the difference between the air temperature inside the apartment and outside should not exceed 4-5 degrees. Failure to do this leads to the fact that the body receives a certain stress. Having, for example, cardiological problems can cause heart attack. Also, non-compliance with the temperature regime can lead to overheating or hypothermia of the body. Both states have dangerous consequences about which it is worth saying a few additional words.

Overheating of the body

Excessively hot atmosphere in the apartment creates conditions favorable for the reproduction of all kinds of bacteria. As a result, we get infectious diseases in a seemingly inappropriate hot season.

First of all, overheating has a detrimental effect on the heart. In conditions of excessive heat, the human body begins to lose moisture, the blood begins to thicken and, accordingly, the heart need to work hard to distill the blood. This can be a serious problem for people with cardiovascular disease.

Also, overheating the body is dangerous. dehydration, because, trying to maintain a balance of external and internal heat, we begin to sweat and, accordingly, lose moisture. Without replenishing it from the outside, we get dehydration of the body, which can lead to serious disturbances in the water and electrolyte balance and nervous system.

To maintain the optimum temperature in winter, it is necessary to choose quality radiators heating:

Hypothermia of the body

Hypothermia, in medicine hypothermia" is extremely dangerous for human health. Hypothermia affects the entire human body as a whole and can cause serious illness.

With a decrease in temperature, the heat transfer of the body increases; with its prolonged low effect, the body does not have time to compensate for heat loss and maintain normal temperature. Decreased body temperature is below 36 degrees Celsius.

Hypothermia of the body can cause acute respiratory diseases, as well as diseases of the nervous system. Hypothermia is especially dangerous in little children, since their body does not have adult heat dissipation and therefore cools much faster and suffers more from it.

Summarizing the above, it is worth noting that the ambient temperature has a significant impact on human health. She might like to help him carry on body hardening and vice versa can create conditions for the exacerbation of chronic and the acquisition of new diseases.

That is why you should carefully consider maintaining a comfortable temperature in the apartment. This will be easy to do by following the above recommendations.

Heating in an apartment is the work of either the relevant authorized organization, or the owner of the dwelling himself. In the second case, everything is clear: an individual heating system allows you to maintain any required temperature in each of the rooms. In the first variant, everything is not so simple.

Heating norms for residential and non-residential premises are developed on the basis of sanitary standards. The latter are based on rather complex calculations of the needs of an average body. These values ​​are called optimal. They are of a legislative nature and are reflected in the requirements of SNiP.

Definition of the norm

A person maintains a thermal balance with the surrounding air. In the simplest approximation, this means that when the temperature rises, the human body also heats up. But when a certain critical value is reached, it cools, for example, with the help of sweating. When the air cools, a person first freezes, and then tries to warm up. Chilling when freezing is the result of muscle work that raises body temperature.

The norm is such a temperature range in which the compensatory mechanisms of cooling or warming are not activated. Several factors influence the definition of their boundaries:

• The intensity of heat transfer depends on the type of activity. During hard physical work or sports, the human body generates much more heat than when walking slowly or playing chess. Accordingly, in the first case, a person will not freeze even at a low temperature in the room, but in the second case, he will freeze at the slightest decrease in it.
• Another factor is the time of year and climatic features. The human body adapts to the alternation of heat and cold. As a result, air temperatures of 19–22°С are considered comfortable in winter, and 22–25°С in summer.
• Another feature is the diurnal fluctuations in temperature. In a dream, the vital processes slow down somewhat, and the body temperature drops accordingly. But, since a person does not move, that is, heat exchange with air is minimized, then there is no need to maintain an optimal atmosphere for wakefulness. Most heating companies reduce their heating intensity at night.

The minimum possible temperature for living quarters is +18°С. With this value, the average person can long time do without outerwear without damage to health.

Standard Requirements

The heating standards for an apartment, first of all, set the value optimal indicator for residential and non-residential premises and possible deviations from them. Their development is easier than for workers' premises, since the activity of the inhabitants in dwellings is low and stable.

For residential premises, the norm is an air temperature of 20–22 ° С, the permissible one is 18–24 ° С. At the same time, in corner room it should not fall below 20 ° C: such rooms are exposed to strong frost and wind.

• The kitchen is a workspace that often has its own "source" of heat - gas stove. The temperature here is 19–21°C, and it is allowed from 18 to 26°C.
• Toilet - the optimal range is 19–21 ° C, 18–26 ° C is allowed. In any case, the bathroom cannot be the most cold room in the apartment, heating it is required.
• The bathroom is the hottest room, as it is characterized by high humidity. The minimum in the bathroom is 18–24, the maximum is 26 ° C. However, already at 20 ° C, it is uncomfortable to use the bath.
• Non-residential premises - the temperature is calculated from the frequency of use. For the corridor it is 18–20 ° С, but 16 degrees are also allowed. For the pantry - 16–18, but from 12 ° С to 22 ° С is allowed.

Since the need for heat during sleep decreases, GOST allows lowering the temperature of residential premises by 3 degrees in the period from 0 to 5 in the morning. Such a decrease is not a violation of the temperature norm for heating an apartment.

Requirements for heating systems

Heating high-rise building- the result of complex engineering calculations, sometimes not very successful. The difficulty is not how to bring heated water to the object, that is, the building, but how to distribute it among the apartments in such a way that the necessary temperature and humidity are observed for the living quarters.

The effectiveness of such a system depends on the coordinated action of all components, including pipes and batteries in each apartment. Therefore, the replacement of radiators without taking into account the peculiarities of heating leads to negative consequences: in one apartment they do not receive heat, and the other overheats.

The norms of heating temperatures in a city apartment help to create efficient heating.

• According to safety requirements, the temperature of the coolant in the batteries of the heating system must be 20 degrees lower than the self-ignition temperature of materials. For residential multi-apartment buildings, the temperature in the heating main is from 65 to 115 ° C, depending on the season, is considered the norm.
• If the water is overheated to 105 ° C, measures are taken to prevent it from boiling.
• The normal limit for the temperature of the radiator leaves 75 ° C, if it is higher, then the radiator is fenced.
• In mid-latitudes, the residential heating season lasts from mid-October to mid-April. In fact, heat suppliers are required to start heating after registering an average daily temperature of +8°С outside for five consecutive days.

Temperature violations

Non-compliance with the above norms for heating is considered as the basis for recalculation of payment for the supply of heat. The situation when the inhabitants of apartments of the same area, but in different houses, pay an excellent amount, is not considered a reason, since a variety of factors can be the reason here. For example, different degrees of thermal insulation of buildings.

According to the Rules for the Provision of Public Services, a decrease in temperature compared to that indicated in the norms for each hour reduces the payment by 0.15%. Since the "cooling" as a result of poor heat supply takes not hours, but days, then in the end the amount decreases by a fair amount.

The calculation can be done independently. It should be noted that at night - from 0 to 5, the time indicator can be reduced to 3 degrees.

• The difference between the actual daytime temperature of the premises and the normal one is calculated, for example, 16 ° C at a standard 18 ° C, that is, the difference is 2 degrees.
• The number of hours per month when a low temperature was observed is fixed, for example: 19*20=380 hours.
• Suppose you need to pay 1500 rubles per month. Using a conversion factor equal to 0.0015, an adjustment amount is obtained. In our example, this is 380*2*0.0015*1500=1710 rubles. It is this amount that should be subtracted from the amount of payment.

According to the mentioned document, if there is a difference between the actual and standard temperature of 1-2 degrees in the living room, the owner of the apartment has the right to refuse to pay for heating.
However, it is absolutely necessary to document the violation in the temperature regime. For this, representatives of a special service are invited - the housing commission, for example. If the latter refuse to check, the tenant may form an independent commission from the inhabitants of the same building.

It is rather difficult to noticeably affect the operation of heat supply, especially to directly control the operation of the system. However, registering violations in the operation of heating systems and insisting that utilities fulfill their duties is both a right and a duty of residents. Especially when among the inhabitants of the apartment there are elderly people and small children who need a stable sufficient temperature.

However, it should be remembered that violations of the norms when heating an apartment are not grounds for independently altering the heating system and installing large radiators. This is fraught with an imbalance in the heat supply of the entire house and is punishable by a large fine.

The main criterion for a comfortable stay of a person in a residential area is the creation and maintenance of a favorable temperature regime at any time of the year.

And if in the summer period such a problem is solved quite simply - using modern devices air conditioning, then in winter the temperature in the apartment can be regulated by the owner of the housing during the arrangement autonomous system heating or district heating supplier.

The temperature in the apartment depends on many factors, among which are the following:

• Climatic conditions of the region of residence.
• Seasons.
• Technical features of housing.
• Number, age and subjective preferences of residents.

Climatic conditions

Comfortable temperature conditions in a dwelling can have different values ​​​​depending on the region of residence. In addition, the level of humidity in the street, the amount of precipitation and atmospheric pressure have a great influence.

Seasons

With the alternation of seasons, the indoor climate in residential premises may differ. So, in winter, the temperature drops significantly, and in summer it rises.

In addition, the heating season ends in spring, which leads to a drop in the average daily indoor temperature.

For many countries, the optimal temperature level in an apartment in the winter months is from 18 to 22 degrees, and in summer it can reach 26 above 0. It seems that a difference of several degrees between the values ​​\u200b\u200bis imperceptible, but in fact it can have a significant impact on the well-being of residents .

Technical features of housing

The comfortable temperature is also influenced by the technical features of the dwelling - the dimensions of the premises, the height of the ceilings, the insulation of surfaces, the presence of furniture, the location of the apartment (corner, central, number of floors).

Human factor

To maintain a comfortable temperature, it is important to take into account the human factor. For each person, the concept of comfort is individual. Women prefer more high temperatures than men. Young children are not able to independently regulate the heat exchange of their own body, therefore they are often prone to overheating or cooling. They need optimal conditions stay in the premises. Elderly people are no less sensitive to temperature changes.

Norms of temperature regimes in various rooms

According to GOST and SNiP for apartment buildings, the following temperature standards are established in residential and other premises:

• A comfortable stay temperature is from 19 to 25 degrees.
• In the cold period - from 19 to 22 degrees.
• In the hot period - from 21 to 26 degrees.

The standard temperature in the apartment during the heating season is:

• Living room (bedroom, living room) - from 16 to 18 degrees. For quick relaxation and proper rest of the body.
• Children's room - from 22 to 24 degrees. Provides comfortable warmth necessary for proper regulation of heat transfer in children.
• Kitchen - from 17 to 19 degrees. Enough heat produced by electrical appliances.
• Bathroom and sanitary unit - from 23 to 25 degrees. To reduce high humidity and prevent dampness.
• Other functional premises (corridor, pantry, hall) - from 17 to 22 degrees.

Important! According to SanPin, the minimum temperature difference between different rooms should not exceed 3 degrees.

For common premises, the following temperature norm is provided:

• Entrances - up to 17 degrees.
• Elevator cabins - up to 5 degrees.
• Inter-apartment corridors - from 16 to 20 degrees.
• Basements and attics - up to 4 degrees.
• lobbies, stairwells- from 13 to 18 degrees.

Correct room temperature measurements

In order to comply with the heating standard in a residential building, it is recommended to carry out mandatory temperature measurements. To obtain reliable results, the measurement is performed by a special device, taking into account the following technical requirements:

1. Readings are taken every hour for one calendar day.
2. The device should be located at certain points - 100 cm from outer wall, 150 cm - from the floor surface.
3. The room in which measurements are taken should not have sources of heat loss - slots, open windows and doors.
4. Measurements are taken under neutral weather conditions.

If, as a result of self measurements a decrease in the norm of comfortable temperature in the apartment was established, this is reported to the emergency service. In this case, the duty officer sends a team to the tenant to draw up an official measurement report.

The act contains the following data:

• The date the document was created.
• Technical information of housing.
• Checking composition.
• Meter data.
• temperature values.
• Participants' signatures.

The document is drawn up in two copies: one - for the owner of the living space, the second - for employees of the public utility.

Determination of coolant temperature in batteries

The heat carrier in the central heating and hot water supply system is water heated to a certain temperature.

To measure the temperature of water heating in the system, the following devices are used:

• Medical thermometer.
• Thermometer with infrared spectrum.
• Alcohol thermometer.

Central heating

To determine what the temperature of the radiators in the apartment should be, it is necessary to take into account the standards established for the coolant.

They are determined taking into account climatic conditions and are relevant if the pipe has a lower central supply to the battery:

• Temperature environment+ 6 degrees: at the entrance up to +55 degrees, at the return - up to +40 degrees.
• The temperature outside the window is 0 degrees: at the entrance +66 degrees, at the return - up to +49 degrees.
• The temperature outside the window is from -5 degrees: at the entrance + 77 degrees, at the return - up to +55 degrees.

If the allowable temperature threshold decreases - by 4 degrees in the daytime, by 5 degrees at night - the recalculation of the level of payment for central heating services is carried out without fail.

Important! Unlike a single-pipe, a two-pipe heating system can have a reduced rate of heating temperature of the coolant.

The parameters of the heat supply system are strictly regulated by the current legislation, according to which the following temperature conditions of the coolant in the pipes are allowed in an apartment building:

1. At two-pipe system the coolant temperature is +96 degrees.
2. With a single-pipe system, the temperature is +116 degrees.
3. The average heating temperature of the batteries in the apartment is from +78 to 92 degrees.

Measurements of the coolant in the system can be performed in the following ways:

• Install an alcohol thermometer on the heating radiator and wait a few minutes. Add one degree to the resulting value. Instead of a thermometer for alcohol, you can use a room infrared thermometer, which has a higher measurement accuracy.
• Fix an electric temperature meter on the battery with a thermocouple wire, take readings.

Hot water supply

In the cold season, the main factor is the temperature of water heating, which should be from +64 to 76 degrees. If the water supply is carried out in violation temperature standards, this is fraught with an increase in water consumption and the cost of paying utility bills.

To measure the temperature of hot water supply, a deep container is placed in the sink, washbasin or bathroom. An alcohol-based thermometer is placed in it and liquid is supplied from the tap.

The duration of the measurement is about 10 minutes. Possible deviation from the norm can be +/- 3 degrees.

Air exchange rate

An important parameter that determines a comfortable and safe stay in a home is air exchange - complete or partial replacement dirty air clean.

According to regulatory documents, the air exchange rate is:

• in a living room up to 25 sq. m - 3 cu. m/hour per square meter area;
• in the kitchen with a gas stove - up to 9 cubic meters. m/h, s electric stove- 6 cu. m/hour;
• in other rooms up to 20 sq. m. - 1 cu. m/hour.

It is difficult to independently measure the air exchange rate, often laboratories and expert bureaus entrust such a function to themselves.

If you want to get reliable data on the frequency of air exchange, you can use several methods:

• A device called an air door installed in a window or doorway. Under the influence of the fan, air is forced into the device, after which the multiplicity parameter is determined.
• Thermal anemometer and balometer for measuring the speed and volume of air flow in the room.

The degree of responsibility of public utilities for violation of standards

The law states that owners and tenants of residential real estate can apply to utilities for recalculation of the tariff by 0.15% for every 60 minutes of non-compliance with the established temperature standards.

Tariff recalculation is possible in the following cases:

• The temperature in residential premises during the daytime is less than 17 degrees, in the corner room - below 21 degrees.
• The duration of the heating shutdown in one calendar month was 24 hours.
• One-time shutdowns of heating for 15 hours at an air temperature on the street up to 11 degrees.

If, with the onset of cold weather, the air in the apartment remains insufficiently warmed up, a person can file a formal complaint with the following authorities:

• Prosecutor's office.
• Society for the Protection of Consumer Rights.
• Housing inspection.

To resolve the issue in court, you must submit the following documents:

• Copies of certified statements.
• Application to the emergency dispatch service.
• Temperature check report.
• Copies of documents of compliance of the device, which was tested.

According to the court decision, the manager undertakes to eliminate all shortcomings in the provision of low-quality services within the period established by law.

To maintain temperature conditions in apartments in accordance with current regulations, the public service or Management Company. Having information about what air temperature should be in the apartment at the onset of the heating season, each owner will be able to control the quality of the services provided.

As soon as the cold weather hits, utility providers start the line heat supply.
Most apartments are equipped with hot water radiators. The degree of liquid supplied to the batteries also depends on what temperature outside the window.

Sometimes between employees of public utilities and residents there are disagreements about the temperature regime.

However, like any other public areas of life, heating parameters in an apartment are regulated by law. Exist heat supply standards(you can find out about them directly in the department responsible for public utilities organizations or on the Internet), regulating the supply of heat according to the thermometer readings outside the window, according to the purpose of the rooms in the apartment, according to the time of day, according to climatic indicators.

All these characteristics documented:

• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 06.05.2011 N 354"On the provision of public services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings",
• GOST R 51617-2000 "Housing and communal services",
• SNiP41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning".

What is the acceptable temperature in the apartment?

Health experts have determined a temperature that is comfortable for a person - 22-25˚ heat.

Sanitary rules and norms ( SNiP), as well as GOST(state standard) regulate the maximum permissible values ​​of the minimum and maximum temperature in the apartment during the winter.
According to state standards GOST 30494-96) there are optimal and admissible options microclimate:

• temperature is considered when at least 80% the inhabitants of the apartment feel comfortable without the use of third-party heating or cooling resources.
• allowable temperature that, in which the deterioration of well-being does not occur even with a periodically occurring feeling of discomfort and a decrease in performance due to increased heat transfer in the body.

Utilities should focus on security optimal microclimate and have no right to cross the boundaries of the permissible.

Good to know: limiting parameters of heat supply must comply with GOST R 51617-2000 "Housing and communal services".

According to the standard, the minimum temperature installed:

• V rooms intended for living at least 18-20˚(20-22˚ in climatically unfavorable regions, where during the week the temperature stays at 31˚ and below);
• V showers, in combined bathroom, in the bathrooms there is a limit in 25˚;
• V kitchen area, regardless of the type of plates - 18;
• V toilet - 18;
• All in all corridor apartment building, on the stairs and in the lobby - not less than 16.

Important: if any rooms in the apartment are corner rooms, then the minimum temperature in them is set above the maximum allowable for 2 ˚.

Reducing the allowable minimum temperature possible only with 24 before 5 hours of the morning, maximum 3 ˚.

Permissible according to GOST excess value set temperature- maximum 4 ˚.

How and with what to measure the temperature in the apartment?

If you deviate from the norms and rules, then a comfortable temperature is a subjective concept. Before drawing conclusions about an unscrupulous service provider, you should make sure that the heat supply parameters go beyond borders norms.

Temperature control in winter

There are drastic measures to ensure a comfortable temperature and temporary.

TO radical relate:

• replacement cast iron batteries (heat transfer increases);
• installation of thermostats and heat meters(using the regulator, you can both increase and decrease the temperature, and the meters will show real consumption, which will certainly affect costs);
• increase in the number of radiators(difficulties may arise when coordinating with the service organization).

Measures temporary.