Among the late varieties of cherries among domestic summer residents, the following are most popular: Revna, Bryanskaya Rozovaya and Tyutchevka. These varieties give good harvest and are easy to care for. Of course, in the middle of summer many other berries and fruits ripen, but still the bright, rich taste of late cherries will not leave anyone indifferent.
Cherry Revna
This variety was bred specifically for the Central region, but is well suited for other areas Middle zone.
Description:
- tree height up to 5 m;
- sparse pyramid-shaped crown;
- fruit color is dark red;
- fruit weight 5 – 8 g.
From one tree you can collect up to 30 kg of berries per season. However, inexperienced gardeners often plant this variety separately and do not understand why it bears fruit poorly. The fact is that for successful fruiting a pollinator is necessary; without a pollinator, you can get only 5% of the possible number of berries. Tyutchevka, Raditsa, Iput are suitable as pollinators. Most high yield it turns out if the Iput cherry is the pollinator.
Attention! The plant tolerates temperature changes and sudden frosts well; there are no frost holes on the branches.
Practically not affected by diseases, sometimes affected by aphids and weevils. It happens that the cherry fly infests the berries. This variety loves increased watering and fertile soil.
Main advantages:
- frost resistance;
- sweet taste;
- good yield;
- immunity to disease.
Among the shortcomings it should be noted. That the tree begins to bear fruit only at 5 years old.
Bryansk Pink
Bred specifically for the Central region. Initially, the variety, as the name implies, was grown in Bryansk, and later spread throughout the middle zone. This late cherry also grows well in more northern regions.
Variety Bryanskaya Pink
Description:
- tree height 4.5 m;
- dense crown in the shape of a pyramid with a wide base;
- fruit weight 5.5 g;
- fruit color is pink;
From one tree you can collect 20–30 kg of berries per season. For good fruiting you need a pollinator. Cherry trees that act as pollinators should be planted at a sufficient distance from each other, since cherries love space and do not tolerate crowding and limited space. Varieties such as Tyutchevka, Iput, Ovstuzhenka are suitable.
The branches are not affected by frost damage. Wood and buds also tolerate frost well.
Important! Sudden spring frosts can cause great harm tree.
The plant practically does not suffer from fungal diseases. Grows well in acidic soils. The crown needs regular pruning.
Main advantages:
- immunity to disease;
- the berries are well stored and look beautiful;
- good yield;
- unpretentiousness in care.
On a note! Among the shortcomings it should be noted small size fruits and the fact that the ovaries often die from spring frosts. However, small berries are sometimes much sweeter than the fruits of some large-fruited varieties.
Cherry Tyutchevka
It was bred for the weather conditions of the Central region, but later it was successfully adapted for cultivation in the Urals. It grows well in the middle zone of the country and easily adapts to any climate.
Cherry Tyutchevka
Description:
- tree height up to 6 m;
- sparse crown in the shape of a regular ball;
- berry weight up to 7.5 g;
- The color of the berries is speckled red.
The variety is characterized by high productivity. The tree tolerates frost well. With proper agricultural technology, one tree can produce up to 40 kg of fruit. The Tyutchevka cherry is partially self-fertile. Among the pollinators, the following cherry varieties are suitable: Iput, Raditsa, Revna.
The phenomenon of double cherries is often observed: berries fused with each other. This mutation occurs due to lack of moisture and nutritional deficiencies. If you often come across such berries during harvest, it’s time to think about increasing watering and additional fertilizing.
Important! Unexpected frosts in the spring can cause the death of more than half of the total number of ovaries.
The tree often suffers from fungal diseases, sometimes (in wet weather) gray rot fruits This variety prefers neutral or alkaline soils and can grow well in soil poor in nutrients.
Mandatory care measures include fighting fungal diseases, pruning and spraying against pests. This variety does not like excess moisture, so watering should be moderate.
Cherry processing in spring
The following advantages should be noted:
- sweet taste of berries;
- flower buds tolerate frost well;
- the tree does not require fertilizing;
- the plant has good productivity;
- Cherries are not demanding on moisture.
Disadvantages include susceptibility to fungal diseases and the fact that cracks appear on the berries from excess moisture.
Cherries love warmth very much, so they need to be planted in the spring, when the threat of sudden frosts has finally passed.
It is best to purchase seedlings from a nursery or from experienced gardeners. You need to buy only those shoots that have not yet opened their buds.
Important! If an inexperienced gardener made a mistake and bought a plant whose buds are already open, the seedling must be planted as soon as possible open ground, otherwise it will dry out, will not take root and will quickly die.
The pit for planting cherry trees must be prepared in the fall, during the autumn digging of the garden. The nutrient mixture that is placed in the pit should be stored where it is cold, for example, in the basement. The main thing is that the room is closed and no one gets in there. sunlight. However, if the basement is damp, it is strictly forbidden to store the soil mixture there: this can lead to the spread of fungus.
Inexperienced gardeners often encounter cases of fraud in the seedling market. The scheme is quite simple: the seller takes any seedling intended for cultivation in the south and says that it is zoned for the Middle Zone. Therefore, before making a purchase, it is better to consult with a specialist and study specialized literature. It is also necessary to carefully read the information on the label that comes with the seedling.
Selection of seedlings
Some interesting facts for those who want and are ready to grow cherries.
The biggest cherry
The largest cherry in the world is considered to be a variety whose name speaks for itself - “Large-fruited”. This variety was bred in the Ukrainian city of Melitopol.
The size of the fruit reaches 2 cm in diameter. Released in the late 1980s. Due to the large size of the berries, this variety is often grown for sale. The largest cherries have a dessert taste and rich, bright red color of the berries; she can be easily recognized in the photograph.
According to some sources, this is the largest cherry in the world. There are other large varieties of cherries, but their berries look less impressive.
The largest cherry in the world is considered to be the Chereshnya Krupnofrodnaya variety.
The sweetest cherry
It should be kept in mind that the largest berry is not always the sweetest. The sweetest variety is considered to be Yellow Cherry.
In addition to the pronounced dessert taste, its fruits are distinguished by their unusual color. Yellow cherries are beautiful and contain a large number of vitamins However, due to their increased sweetness, the fruits of the Yellow Cherry often become a “tidbit” for thrushes and cherry flies.
In addition, the berries quickly deteriorate and do not tolerate transportation well. But they are perfect for home canning: making compotes, preserves and jams.
Yellow cherries are one of the sweetest
The latest variety of cherries
The latest variety is considered Melitopolskaya dense. The fruits reach full maturity only in the second ten days of July. It’s convenient that the berries ripen together, so you can harvest quickly and without hassle.
This variety has berries with hard, elastic pulp; they store well and can easily be transported over long distances. This variety is often grown for sale. Melitopol dense cherries are large and beautiful, distinguished by a sweet taste with a barely noticeable sourness.
Planting late cherries is a great way to prolong the pleasure of enjoying aromatic, delicious berries for a long time. In order for late varieties of cherries to delight you with a harvest, you need to choose a variety that is suitable for the climatic conditions of a particular region.
Juicy and tasty, loved by many, cherries in the garden can sometimes bring disappointment due to a small or absent harvest. And information on the selection of cherry varieties is sometimes too difficult to understand. Therefore, a table with brief description varieties of cherry trees with photos and a list of pollinators. Recommendations for planting and caring for cherries are also given.
Cherry varieties: photo with name and description
Sweet cherry (Cerasus avium, bird cherry) is a valuable and earliest fruit crop, exceeding the common cherry in yield. Cherry fruits ripen early, along with edible honeysuckle - in June, and due to early ripening they become a source of fresh natural vitamins for us and children already at the beginning of summer. The fruit of the plant is a single-locular drupe with a tasty, juicy pericarp.
Fruit buds of cherries emerge quite late from the state of forced dormancy, so the harvest of cherries is more stable than that of apricots and peaches. The anthers and pistils of cherry flowers are better protected from spring frosts than those of cherries.
The leaves of sweet cherries are large, elongated oval or oblong obovate with rounded red glands on the petioles. Trees can reach 20 meters in height, and in favorable conditions live up to 100 years.
Most often, cherries require a pollinator, since self-fertile varieties are rare. This is why cherries often cause disappointment among amateur gardeners: they bought and planted a seedling, and then they wait and wait, but either there is no harvest or it is extremely meager. This is, of course, a big mistake and dishonesty on the part of the sellers. Is it difficult to warn the buyer that the variety is cross-pollinated, so that later there will be no questions “why does the cherry bear fruit poorly” or “why does it not bear fruit at all”? When selecting varieties, you need to carefully study their descriptions; pollinators should be listed there. But, unfortunately, pollinators have not been selected and described for all even zoned varieties.
However, there are self-fertile varieties and hybrids of cherries, because selection does not stand still. Basically, these are new generation cherries, and they must be registered according to foreign catalogues:
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There are many classifications of cherries - according to crown type, fruit ripening time, pulp density, and so on. For convenience, here is a description of varieties that deserve planting in amateur gardens. The selection is grouped by fruit color:
| Variety | Description | Pollinators |
| yellow cherry | ||
| Drogana Yellow (Bigarro Drogana, Late yellow)* | A vigorous tree with a dense pyramidal crown. The most winter-hardy tree with a wide growing area; Large cream-colored fruits without blush. The pulp is dense, with a pleasant sweet taste. The bone is difficult to separate from the pulp. Late deadline | Napoleon Pink, Griot Ostheimsky (cherry), Bagration, Denissena Yellow, Gaucher, Cassini Early |
| Denissena Yellow (Bigarro yellow)  | A healthy, vigorous tree with a wide crown and somewhat drooping branches. Frost-resistant; The fruits are late in maturity, light amber in color, very tender, and often wrinkle if not handled carefully. The bone is separated; Transportability is low | Drogana yellow, Cassini early, South embankment, Gödelfingen |
| Leningrad yellow  | The tree is highly winter-hardy, vigorous, with a dense, wide-rounded crown; Late maturity. The fruits are golden amber in color. Transportability is average | Leningrad pink, Leningrad black, Dawn |
| Franz Joseph (Francis, Bigarro Franz Joseph)  | The tree is large with a pyramidal crown, sparse. Frost resistance is good; The fruit is amber in color with a thick skin, covered with a blush. | South embankment red, Drogana yellow, Zhabule |
| Amber  | A vigorous tree with a round-pyramidal dense crown; The fruits are golden-yellow with dense pulp, with a pleasant mild sourness. Mid-late ripening period. The pit is semi-detachable; Transportability is good | Iput, Northern, Ovstuzhenka, Gronkavaya |
 | The tree is vigorous and of medium density. Winter-hardy and drought-resistant; The fruits are yellow with a light red blush. Pulp with pleasant Berries do not tolerate transportation over long distances. | self-fertile |
| General's  | The tree is vigorous with a rounded crown. Winter-hardy; Medium ripening fruits, yellow with carmine The fruits can be stored for about 4 days, but are of little use for | |
| black cherry | ||
| Tyutchevka  | A medium-sized tree with a sparse rounded spreading crown; The fruits are mid-late ripening, dark red with dense red flesh. Dry detachment of the stalk; A transportable variety, the fruits crack in rainy summers | the presence of the following varieties on the site increases the yield: Iput, Revna, Raditsa, Ovstuzhenka |
| Yuzhnoberezhnaya red (Bigarro Daibera, Cypress black, Yuzhnoberezhnaya)  | The tree is pyramidal in shape, vigorous, frost-resistant. Grows better in places protected from the wind; The fruit is black-brown-red in color with a pronounced longitudinal line of the ball. The pulp is dark red, tender, sweet with a subtle, barely noticeable sourness. Early ripening; Transportability is excellent, ripe fruits stay on the tree for a long time | Jaboulet, Franz Joseph, Napoleon pink: Cassini early, April |
 | The tree is of medium height, with a wide-pyramidal, well-leafed habit. Winter hardiness is good; Early ripening fruits. The color of the fruits when fully ripe is almost black, the flesh is dark red, of medium density. Detachment dry; Transportable variety. During rainy seasons the fruits crack | Revna, Tyutchevka, Raditsa, Bryansk pink, Ovstuzhenka |
| Leningradskaya Black  | The tree is highly winter-hardy, medium-sized; Mid-late variety. Skin with dark red, almost black High transportability | Leningrad pink, Leningradskaya Yellow, Red Dense, Fatezh |
 | The tree is medium-sized. High winter hardiness; The fruits are dark red, almost black. Dense dark red In rainy times, the fruits do not crack, | Partially self-fertile, but at times the presence of the following varieties on the site increases the yield: Ovstuzhenka, Iput, Tyutchevka, Raditsa |
| Ovstudenka  | The tree is medium-sized, rounded and of medium density. Winter hardiness is high; The fruits are dark red and early ripening. Pulp In humid summers, the fruits do not crack, it is easy | Partially self-fertile, but at times the presence of the following varieties on the site increases the yield: Iput, Revna, Tyutchevka, Raditsa |
| large-fruited  | A vigorous tree with a rounded crown of medium density. Winter hardiness is quite high; The fruits are dark red, large with a sweet and sour taste. The stone is separated from the pulp medium. The stalk is separated with a dry tear; Transportability is good | Surprise, Francis, Daibera black, Bigarro Oratovsky |
| pink cherry | ||
| Napoleon Pink (Bigarro Napoleon, Esperin cherry)  | A medium-sized tree with a sparse pyramidal crown. Low winter hardiness; Average ripening period. Fruits are yellow with cherry red With excess moisture, the fruits crack | Drogana yellow |
| Leningradskaya Pink  | Tall tree with a lush crown. It withstands winter cold well; Medium-late ripening with very sweet fruits, on the illuminated side there is a pronounced dark pink blush. The pulp is creamy, sweet with a slight acidity. The bone is easily separated from the pulp; High transportability | Red Dense, Adeline |
| red cherries | ||
| Krasnodar Early  | The tree is strong or medium-sized with a round-oval, dense crown. Frost resistance is good; The fruits are the earliest ripening, dark red in color with red dense flesh. The stone is easily separated from the pulp. The fruits become smaller when the tree is overloaded with crops. The separation of the stalk from the fruit is dry and easy; | Not found in sources, may be suitable varieties with high-quality pollen: Ovstuzhenka, Tyutchevka, Krymskaya, Iput and the new self-fertile variety Lapinz |
 | The tree is medium tall with a rounded spreading crown of medium density. Frost resistance is good; The fruits are red, medium early ripening. The flesh is light pink with a sweet and sour taste; Good fruit transportability | Not found in sources, may be suitable varieties with high-quality pollen: Ovstuzhenka, Tyutchevka, Krymskaya, Iput and the new self-fertile variety Lapinz |
| Melitopol early  | The tree is medium tall, with a medium thickened oval crown. Winter-hardy; The fruits are of medium early ripening, red to dark red with dense pulp, the seeds are well separated from the pulp; Transportable variety | Franz Joseph, Bigarro Oratovsky, Daibera black, Large-fruited, Resort, Surprise, |
 | A vigorous tree with a round, spreading crown. Frost resistance is average; An early variety with dark red fruits and dense dark cherry pulp. Sweet with a pleasant slight sourness. The bone separates well; The fruits are transportable | Not found in sources, may be suitable varieties with high-quality pollen: Ovstuzhenka, Tyutchevka, Krymskaya, Iput and the new self-fertile variety Lapinz |
| Italian  | A tree with a pyramidal crown of medium height; Early ripening fruits with dessert taste, large, dark red, easily separated from the stone; Transportability is excellent | Not found in sources, possibly self-fertile variety |
*In the table, synonyms of varieties are given in parentheses.
An interesting observation is provided by the Donetsk experimental station: when joint landing In cherries and cherries, better pollination of cherry trees is observed. This is explained by the fact that cherry trees bloom earlier than cherry trees, and their pollen is durable and remains on insects for a long time. That’s why they pollinate better when the cherries begin to bloom.
Cherry: planting and care
Cherry is demanding of soil, heat and light. Prefers air- and moisture-permeable soils rich in organic matter and does not tolerate stagnant water. Foothill zones are very suitable for growing cherries. It is thermophilic, so it works well in the Crimea, the Caucasus, Moldova, southern Ukraine, and southern Kazakhstan.
The middle parts of warm slopes with south-eastern and south-western exposure, protected from the prevailing winds, are suitable for cherries. On the plains it is severely damaged by frost and cannot be recommended for industrial cultivation. But in home gardening, it is cultivated in such conditions, insulating the trunk. Areas with close occurrence are not suitable for cherries. groundwater, as well as flooded areas.
When planting seedlings, they follow the rule common to all stone fruits - do not deepen the root collar (not to be confused with the grafting site). It is best to plant during the period when the plant is resting - in spring or autumn. Before planting, it is advisable to dip the roots of a seedling with an open root system in “chatter” (a thick solution of clay with mullein) to heal the damage.
A prerequisite for good survival of young cherries is pruning by a third of the length of all shoots. This must be done in order to balance the growth of the seedling in the first year after planting. After all, its roots are severely damaged, and if pruning is not carried out, the plant that has begun to grow will draw nutrients from the bark, which will greatly weaken the cherry seedling.
Planting is carried out in a small mound or level with the ground to prevent the accumulation of flood waters. When planting, each layer of soil is shed generously, and after completion of planting work, the upper level is generously mulched with plant residues, or the turf is returned (in this case, at the beginning of work, the upper turf layer is carefully laid on the litter). In traditional agricultural technology it is recommended to keep the soil around young cherry plantings fallow, but in practice natural farming bare ground is not welcome due to soil erosion and drying out.
For natural protection of cherries from coccomycosis in tree trunk circles It’s useful to plant lilies of the valley (cherries also like this neighborhood, by the way). These ground covers are somewhat aggressive - although they do not grow immediately, but with age they can escape beyond the allotted space. To curb their growth, it is better to immediately dig in a border strip, or provide for the laying of paths from slabs and other limiters. Try to do this in the first years of the tree’s life, so as not to disturb the roots of the cherry later.
Pruning young cherries
It is not uncommon to see cherry trees a la pyramidal poplar on amateur plots, where the entire crop has fled to the periphery to the crown, and the owners are simply afraid to collect it. Therefore, when growing cherry trees, it is extremely important to form a crown from a very young age, since cherries are characterized by strong growth and weak shoot formation.
When pruning young cherries, they try to give the tree a sparsely tiered shape on a trunk of 50 cm. When laying the crown, it is advisable to leave 3-4 branches in each tier, and make the distance between tiers about 50 cm. When the height of the seedling reaches 3-4 m, the guide is removed from using clippings on a weak side branch.
In the first 5 years after planting, severe shortening of shoots is used, the main purpose of which is to reduce growth and provoke branching. In this case, weak branches up to 20 cm are not shortened, and excess branches and competitors of conductors (the so-called wen or tops) are removed to the ring.
Branches are not shortened at fruiting age; if necessary, thinning and sanitary pruning is carried out. In an aging garden, when no growth is observed for a couple of years, gradual rejuvenating pruning is allowed: skeletal branches are pruned with transfer to strong lateral branches of 2-3 years of age.
Well, if you missed the shaping time and the crown ran high up, pick up a hacksaw with a stepladder and study the tree reduction diagram
How to warm cherry seedlings for the winter
Separately, in caring for cherries, it is worth noting the pre-winter insulation of trunks in windy and flat unprotected areas. Preparation for the winter of cherries is carried out mainly after the first snow, when the leaves caught by frost begin to fall off. Wrap the trunk and part of the skeletal branches of the tree with agrofibre or cardboard. So be prepared for the fact that the first couple of years are extremely necessary on windy open areas at warm cherry seedlings for the winter.
How to protect cherries from birds
And one last thing: birds readily peck at the cherry fruits (where, in fact, the Latin name “bird cherry” comes from). Therefore, the correct, reduced crown formation will make the task of protecting the crop easier - it will be easier to throw a protective net over the tree to protect the cherries from birds. All and sundry peck at the berries - starlings, titmice, and even their chicks.
There is also a folk method of protection - onion. 4-5 large onions are cut in half and attached between the branches of the tree.
Here is a short summary of all the information on how to choose cherries for planting. Although these data may not seem new to “advanced” gardeners, this is just a form convenient for beginners, shown in the table. The information will allow you to identify your favorite varieties of cherries from a photo with name and description. We hope it will be easier for you to navigate when selecting cherry varieties for starting a new orchard. Good luck to you in this difficult undertaking!
Materials used from VNIISPK (All-Russian Research Institute of Breeding fruit crops) and sources indicated on the page "
The best varieties of cherries are a relative concept, since in warm regions - in Ukraine, in the south of Russia - more heat-loving plants are common, but residents of the Leningrad region and Moscow region need to select frost-resistant varieties.
Besides, some people like it sweet, while others like it sour; some are crispy, some are softer; there will be adherents of black cherries, pink, yellow, with a red barrel... There are a great many varieties of cherries! How not to get lost among this diversity and choose the best variety of cherries just for you - we’ll figure it out in this article.
Cherry varieties: classifications
Classification of cherries by ripening time
You can provide yourself with sweet juicy fruits for almost the entire summer - from the end of June to August. To do this, you need to create a collection in your garden of early-ripening varieties of cherries (ripen around the end of June), mid-ripening (ripen around mid-July) and late-ripening varieties (ripening in early August).
Early ripening varieties of cherries - Iput, Gronkavaya, Early Rozovaya, Valery Chkalov, Skazka, Chance, Rubinovaya Early, Electra, Ariadna, Chermashnaya;
Mid-season cherry varieties - Tyutchevka, Leningradskaya Rozovaya, Rechitsa, Revna, Fatezh, in memory of Chernyshevsky, Ovstuzhenka, Orlovskaya Rozovaya, Veda, Adelina, Poetry, Pink Pearl, Dneprovka, Dilemma;
Late-ripening varieties of cherries - Prestizhnaya, Leningradskaya black, Red dense, Bryanskaya Rozovaya, Orion, Romantika, Turovtsev's lyubitsa.
Classification of cherries by fruit color
Black (dark red cherry): Veda, Adeline, Tyutchevka, Bryanochka, Revna, Raditsa, Leningradskaya Chernaya, Iput, Gronkavaya, Ariadna, Ovstuzhenka, Rechitsa, Michurinka;
Yellow cherry: Chermashnaya, Drogana yellow, Homestead yellow, Red dense (yellow cherry with a red side);
Pink cherry: Leningrad pink, Early pink, Oryol pink, Bryansk pink, Fatezh;
Orange cherry: Pink pearl;
Classification of cherry varieties according to taste
Sweet cherries: Michurinskaya, Raditsa, Ovstuzhenka, Tyutchevka, Rechitsa, Leningradskaya black, Chermashnaya, Iput, Gronkavaya, Bryansk pink, Ariadna, Revna;
Sweet cherries with sourness: Early pink, Poetry, Orlovskaya pink, Fatezh, Pink pearl.
Classification of cherries by pulp structure
Conventionally, according to the density of the pulp, cherries are divided into two groups - with tender, soft pulp (guini) or dense, crunchy (bigarro).
Varieties of guinea cherries: Early pink, Orlovskaya pink, Lningradskaya black, Leningradskaya pink, Chermashnaya, Iput;
Bigarro cherry varieties: Michurinka, Poetry, Fatezh, Rechitsa, Bryansk pink, Ariadna.
Description of cherry varieties with photos
Description of cherry varieties with photos
Cherry variety Drogana yellow
Drogan yellow cherry
Yellow Cherry Drogana yellow – mid-season frost-resistant variety bigarro groups. The variety is highly adaptive; it can grow in Belarus, the North Caucasus, and Central Asia. The fruits of the Drogana yellow cherry variety are heart-shaped, weigh 6-7 grams, the pulp is light yellow, the juice is almost transparent.
Features of the Drogana yellow cherry variety:
- Drogan yellow cherry tree is tall, with a spreading crown. Take this into account if the area is small;
- very thin skin of the fruit. On the one hand, it is much more pleasant to eat berries with delicate skin, on the other hand, such cherries are not suitable for transportation or freezing, and the fruits can crack on the tree. The stone does not separate from the pulp;
- high productivity. Moreover, all the fruits reach at the same time and do not fall off on their own;
- high drought and frost resistance;
- Drogana Zheltaya is not a self-pollinating variety, so cherries of other varieties will need to be planted in the garden;
- susceptible to cherry fly damage.
Cherry variety Priusadnaya Yellow
Cherry Homestead yellow
Cherry Homestead Yellow refers to early ripening varieties bigaro groups. The average weight of one berry is 5-6 grams, the pulp and skin are yellow, the pulp is sweet and sour. This variety is perfect for the conditions of central Russia. Loves black soil.
Features of the “Homestead Yellow” cherry variety
- a self-pollinating variety, that is, it can do without pollinating neighbors;
- begins to bear fruit quite late - in the 6th year (ordinary cherries - in the 4th-5th year);
- extremely productive variety;
- despite the fact that Homestead Yellow is an early ripening variety, it is not afraid of frost;
- not susceptible to fungal diseases or cherry fly damage;
- reproduces very actively, so it will cause a lot of trouble with pruning and removing shoots. In addition, the crown of the tree is very lush.
Cherry variety Rechitsa
Cherry Rechitsa
Rechitsa cherry belongs to the mid-season varieties of the bigarro group, it has a sweet taste and is frost-resistant. The weight of the berries reaches 6 grams, the pulp is dark red, the seed is easily separated from the pulp. The tree itself is of medium height. Cherry Rechitsa is relatively unpretentious to the soil, excellent for central Russia.
Features of the Rechitsa variety
- frost-resistant variety, not susceptible to diseases;
- pollinator trees are needed (Adeline, Ovstuzhenka, Pink Pearl);
- not a very prolific variety - one tree will produce no more than 15 kg of cherries.
Cherry variety Leningradskaya Black
Leningradskaya black cherry
Leningradskaya black belongs to the mid-season varieties of the Guini group. The berry tastes sweet, but not large - 3-4 grams, the seed does not separate from the pulp. The height of the tree is up to 3.5 meters.
Features of the Leningradskaya black cherry:
- low winter hardiness;
- are not capable of self-pollination (it is best to plant in pairs with the varieties Revna, Veda, Tyutchevka, Bryanochka, Iput);
- medium-fruitful variety - up to 20 kg of cherries are harvested from one tree.
Cherry variety Ovstuzhenka
Cherry Ovstuzhenka
Ovstuzhenka cherry is a mid-season variety, the berries weigh 6-7 grams, very juicy and sweet. The variety is suitable for cultivation in the south of the Non-Black Earth Region.
Features of Ovstuzhenka cherries:
- berries are not prone to cracking;
- the variety is quite frost-resistant and not susceptible to diseases;
- relatively low yield - no more than 15 kg per tree;
- are not capable of self-pollination (it is recommended to plant in pairs with Tyutchevka, Revna, Raditsa, Iput).
Cherry variety Leningradskaya pink
Leningradskaya pink cherry is a mid-season variety of the Gini group. The berries are quite small, about 3.5 grams, the pulp is very tender, yellowish, the skin is yellow with a ruddy side. Leningrad pink is suitable for growing in the northwestern and central Non-Black Earth Region.
Features of the Leningradskaya pink variety:
- the tree is quite tall with a lush crown;
- not capable of self-pollination (it is recommended to plant in pairs with Chernyshevsky memory varieties, Pink Pearl, Rechitsa, Adelina);
- average yield - no more than 15 kg per tree.
Cherry variety Tyutchevka
Cherry Tyutchevka
Cherry Tyutchevka is a mid-season variety. The berries weigh about 5 grams, the stone is difficult to separate from the pulp. The tree is of medium height, extremely resistant to diseases and cold. Cherry varieties Tyutchevka are recommended to be grown in the south of the Non-Black Earth Region.
Features of the Tyutchevka cherry variety:
- average yield - up to 15 kg per tree;
- well suited for transportation or freezing;
- are not capable of self-pollination (planted in pairs with Ovstuzhenka, Iput, Raditsa).
Cherry variety Revna
Cherry Revna
Cherry Revna is a mid-season variety. The berry has a dark red, almost black color, weighs 4.5-5 grams, the stone separates well from the pulp, and the pulp is quite dense. The height of the tree is average. Revna cherry feels good in the south and center of the Non-Black Earth Region of the Russian Federation.
Features of Revna cherries
- a partially self-fertile variety, but for abundant fruiting it is necessary to plant in pairs with Tyutchevka, Iput, Raditsa, Ovstuzhenka;
- winter-hardy variety, not susceptible to diseases;
- excellent for transportation and freezing;
- excellent, abundant fruiting - up to 30 kg of fruit from one tree.
Cherry variety Iput
Cherry Iput
Cherry Iput belongs to the early ripening varieties of the Gini group. The fruit weighs 5-5.4 grams, the sweet pulp is difficult to separate from the seed. A tree of medium height with a wide crown. Iput cherries are recommended for cultivation in the south and center of the Non-Black Earth Region.
Features of the Iput cherry variety:
- fantastic yield - up to 30 kg of fruit per tree;
- extreme frost resistance - can withstand up to -32 degrees of frost;
- resistant to fungal diseases;
- partially capable of self-pollination. For a regular and good harvest, you need to plant the varieties Ovstuzhenka, Raditsa, Revna, Bryanskaya rozovaya next to the cherries.
Cherry variety Fatezh
Cherry Fatezh
Cherry Fatezh belongs to the mid-season varieties of the Bigaro group. The berries weigh about 4.3 grams and are sweet and sour. A tree of medium height with a spherical crown and beautiful drooping branches. Fatezh cherries are best grown in the south in the center of the Non-Black Earth Region.
Features of Fatezh cherries
- the buds are not very frost-resistant, unlike the trunk and branches;
- yield can reach 30 kg per tree;
- not susceptible to diseases, in particular rot;
- a self-sterile variety, you should choose Ovstuzhenka, Iput, Raditsa as neighbors.
Cherry variety Bryansk pink
Bryansk pink cherry
Bryansk pink cherry belongs to the late-ripening varieties of the bigarro group. The berry weighs about 5 grams, the pulp is sweet, Pink colour, the small bone does not separate from the pulp. Bryansk pink cherry feels good in the central part of the Non-Black Earth Region.
Features of the Bryansk pink variety:
- the buds are not resistant to frost, but the trunk and skeletal branches are resistant;
- due to the peculiarities of the crown, the tree practically does not need pruning;
- high yield – up to 30 kg per tree4
- berries are not prone to cracking.
- not capable of self-pollinating, Ovstuzhenka, Revna, Tyutchevka, Iput should be planted in the neighborhood.
Of course, this is far from full list, but we looked at the most popular varieties of cherries.
For many lovers, size is not the main thing in fruits, since, first of all, they are valued taste qualities. Over the past 15 years, more than 80 varieties have been developed with a sugar content above 5%, which is a very good indicator for such fruits. They immediately gained great popularity among summer residents and began to spread not only throughout Russia, but also to other countries. We bring to your attention the most prominent representatives of this class.
- Cherries Julia. It is a very tasty fruit that every summer resident who loves to eat sweets should grow. 5.9% sugar, more than 2% ascorbic acid make it extremely tasty and healthy. The flesh is firm, slightly crunchy. Over many years of cultivation in Russia, it has established itself as a reliable, proven, constantly fruiting option. Unfortunately, you won’t be able to collect a large number of berries from it, but you can count on 15-20 kg from one mature tree, both in a fruitful year and not so much. The crown is not spreading, the branches are directed upward and do not hang down, which significantly complicates harvesting in the middle of summer. Late (mid-late) cherries have excellent resistance to pests and diseases; only one treatment with pesticides against caterpillars is required throughout the entire season.
- Cherries Yaroslavna. If you want to grow a really tasty fruit at home or in the country - Yaroslavna best suited for this. The average sugar content is up to 14.2%, which is a record for domestic selection options. It is a worthy competitor to European trees, since, in addition to everything else, it produces up to 60 kg from one tree. That is why it has become the choice of many gardeners and farmers who are seriously involved in growing products for sale and export. Keeping quality is very good, does not crack when ripe, tolerates prolonged rains well, and can remain on the tree for a couple of weeks after technical ripening. All late cherry varieties cannot compare with it in this category, which is why it has earned such popularity in Russia.
- Cherries Ostozhenka is another representative of the “delicious” category. It contains up to 13% sugars, at the stage of technical ripeness it has an unsurpassed taste, perfect for canning, preparing desserts, dishes, selling on the market (has excellent keeping quality) or simply for eating raw. This is where its advantages, perhaps, end. The disadvantages include low yield (harvesting 25 kg from one tree can already be considered a record), its poor resistance to frost (down to -20C), as well as weak biological protection against pests. It requires careful care, otherwise it will bear little fruit.
It’s not for nothing that the above options are so popular. They not only produce tasty berries, but have excellent resistance to pests and can withstand cold winters and temperature changes, which cannot be said about large-fruited varieties. The load on the branches is small, it is easy to form a crown, they grow with minimal care, and constantly produce average yields.
The largest fruited trees, their characteristics
If you want to grow fruits with excellent presentation and sell them at a higher price, then you need to pay attention to the following description of cherry varieties. They do not have any supernatural taste qualities, their yield is average or slightly above average, but the mass of fruits significantly exceeds ordinary berries. Here are several descriptions of the “heavyweights” in alphabetical order.
- Cherries Bull's heart. One of the largest-fruited, the weight of one berry can reach 8 grams, which is an unprecedented result for 90% of all results of domestic selection and foreign selection. The crown has a pyramidal appearance, and the natural neglect is slight. The only negative is that the fruits crack when ripe, especially if the weather outside alternates with a dry, hot wind. Great taste, slight sourness. It has dark color, excellent presentation. It is poorly transported, shelf life is low, winter hardiness is high, and easily tolerates frosts down to -25 degrees.
- Cherries Daibera black. It bears fruit only in the 5th year of growth, but immediately produces 7-9 kg per plant. By the 11th year it bears fruit in full and you can harvest up to 60 kg from one tree, due to this the yield per hectare reaches 90 centners. One of the biggest advantages of this tree is the size of the fruit - the average weight reaches 6.6 grams, which is quite a lot for this type of fruit. Sweet, up to 12% sugar, at the stage of technical ripeness has a black color, as well as a characteristic odor, which is much stronger than usual. It is in great demand on the market, as it has an excellent presentation, is easily transported and lasts for several weeks. It does not crack in normal weather, but during rain some fruits may crack if the fruit is ripe. Daibera superior the best varieties cherries of European selection, especially in terms of fruit weight. This " must have“every summer resident!
- Italian. It is difficult to imagine early varieties of cherries without this bright representative, whose fruit weight is 6.8 grams, with some fruits weighing 8 grams. A worthy competitor to the best Dutch options, which is extremely popular in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Iran. It is grown in temperate climate zones and hotter regions, does not require large amounts of water and fertilizers, and produces stable, albeit small, yields. Up to 80 c/ha can be harvested even in drought and lean years. That is why it is recommended for industrial cultivation. Resistance to pests is excellent, although the keeping quality of the fruit leaves much to be desired - they rot in a few weeks and are poorly transported at the stage of technical ripeness.
Large-fruited varieties, as a rule, have low resistance to insect pests and do not tolerate sudden temperature changes. They are noticeably weaker and difficult to take root, so if you are planning to breed them and want to surprise your neighbors with huge fruits, you will have to work hard. All specimens begin to bear fruit in the 4th year, sometimes earlier you can get several berries per tooth.
record harvests are harvested in Iran (55 t/ha). The following varieties yield up to 50-60 kg per tree, making them the best options for subsequent sale of products to the market or to wholesale outlets.
- Cherries Ovstuzhenka. An unusual fruit from the point of view of many gardeners is the black cherry, and its shape is cone-shaped. One of its main advantages is high yield - up to 115 centners on average and 250 maximum. At good care and with abundant watering, it can easily produce up to 50 kg from one tree, and this is far from the limit. The sugar content is 11%, which also makes it one of the sweetest and most delicious in the region. Russian Federation and other neighboring countries. The crown is spreading, wide, the branches bend down under the weight of the fruit, in some cases supports are required, since in high winds they break off - this is perhaps the only disadvantage of this variety. Frost resistance is average - can withstand up to -25 degrees throughout the winter.
- Cherry variety Revna. Very recognizable in Russia, it has a light skin and dense flesh. Due to its yield up to 30 t/ha, it has become one of the most best options for local farmers. Cherries Revna,
Cherry is an ancient form of cherry that is grown in the southern regions, including Russia. The crop is valued for its fruits, which have a table purpose, are rich in vitamins, and are suitable for canning.
Features of cherries
According to the botanical description, cherry is a tree that grows quickly. The crown has a rounded, ovoid shape. The trunk diameter is from 60 cm, the shoots are brown or brown in color.
Types of cherries: photo
All varieties of this crop are divided into 2 types: bigarro and guini.
Bigarros are distinguished by dense pulp and colorless juice. They have a dessert purpose, however, they are also suitable for processing. Due to the dense pulp, the berries do not become soft; they are used to make compotes and jams. This includes mid- and late-ripening varieties.
Photo of red bigarro cherries:
Gini are varieties with delicate sweet flesh. They are poorly stored and cannot withstand long transportation. Therefore, it is recommended to find uses for them immediately after removal from the tree. These include early hybrids with pink, cream or yellow flesh. Ghinis have a dessert purpose; delicious juice is obtained from them.
Guinea fruits in the photo:
How cherry blossoms
Cherry produces bisexual flowers white, which appear before the leaves. The buds bloom from the beginning to the end of May, depending on the variety and weather conditions. The flowering period takes from 14 to 25 days. The flowers are collected in umbrella-shaped inflorescences of 2-3 pieces. They consist of 5 loosely arranged petals, one pistil and many stamens.
What kind of leaves does a cherry tree have?
The tree has green leaves, elliptical or obovate, pointed and serrate. Petioles with glands located at the base of the plate. The width of the leaf plate is from 8 cm, length – from 15 cm.
When do cherries produce their first harvest?
The start of fruiting occurs 5-6 years after planting. Early-fruiting seedlings produce a harvest for 3-4 years. The first harvests are low, however, over time the tree produces more fruit. Peak fruiting occurs in the 10th year.
Cherry ripening time
The tree bears fruit in June-July. Harvest dates may vary due to weather conditions.
According to the ripening period, there are 3 main groups of cherries:
- early;
- mid-season;
- late.
Pollinators
Most varieties are self-sterile. To form a harvest, it is necessary to have pollinators with the same flowering period. They are placed at a distance of 3-4 m from each other. If it is not possible to place several trees on the site, use one strong rootstock. 2-3 necessary hybrids are grafted onto it. Cross-pollination occurs with the participation of bees and other insects. Planting honey plants helps attract them.
For the formation of ovaries, other conditions must be met:
- stable temperature of about 15 °C;
- dry weather;
- lack of heat.
Where do cherries grow?
Cherry prefers warm, sunny regions and is found in Southern Europe, Turkey, Iran, Crimea, and Asia Minor. The crop is planted in America and Australia.
In Russia, the crop is grown in many regions:
- Central;
- Central Black Earth;
- North Caucasian;
- Volga region.
Getting new ones winter-hardy varieties made it possible to expand the area of distribution of cherries. Therefore, they began to plant it in the North-Western region, the Urals and Siberia. To develop a tree requires good lighting, fertile loose soil, moderate watering and no stagnant moisture. When these conditions are met, the crop grows actively and produces high yields.
All varieties are classified according to a number of characteristics: fruit color, ripening period, tree height, fruit size and taste, self-fertility.
Yellow cherry
The yellow fruits have a good taste, but are not suitable for long-term storage. The color of the berries is uniform yellow, without blush.
The best yellow varieties:
- Chermashnaya. Winter-hardy early hybrid with immunity to diseases. The fruits are round, weighing 4.5 g. The taste is sweet, however, there is a slight sourness.
- Summer resident. A vigorous tree with a spreading crown. The berries are one-dimensional, enlarged, reaching 8-9 g. The skin is thin and shiny. The taste was rated 4.6 points. The harvest is well transported and is little susceptible to attack by the cherry fly.
- Drogana yellow. The variety was bred in Germany and is characterized by high fruit quality and productivity. Berries weighing 6.5-8 g, yellow in color. The pulp is dense, light yellow, taste quality is rated 4.3 points.
- Homestead yellow. Tall fast growing tree. The berries are 2x2 cm in size, round, the flesh is juicy and gristly. A productive and winter-hardy variety.
Pink cherry
Pink varieties have yellow or cream colored berries with a bright blush. These fruits are used fresh or for making juices.
Common pink hybrids:
- Bryansk pink. A late-ripening variety with fruits weighing 4-5.5 g. The berries are round, the skin is pink, the flesh is yellow.
- Fatezh. The tree bears one-dimensional, round, yellow-pink fruits. The taste is dessert, there is a sense of sourness.
- Pink pearls. Hybrid of average winter hardiness and moderate growth vigor. The fruits weighing up to 6.5 g are round, orange-pink in color with a bright tan. The flesh is pink, juicy and sweet.
- Julia. A tree with heart-shaped fruits, weighing 6-8 g. The pulp is dense, juicy, the taste is simple, sweet and sour. The main color is creamy, however, there is a bright pink blush.
- Orlovskaya pink. A medium-sized cherry variety with fruits measuring 17x17x18 mm. The flesh and skin are pink. Taste rating: 4.4 points.
Red cherry
Most varieties have red fruits. A separate group can be divided into varieties with berries of rich red, almost black color.
Characteristics of cherry varieties:
- Here we go. A tree with large berries weighing 5-9 g. The color is burgundy, becomes almost black as it ripens, and contains a lot of juice.
- Poetry. A medium-sized hybrid with fruits weighing 5.5-6 g. The flesh is creamy, cartilaginous, compacted.
- Revna. The plant produces dark red berries with dense, juicy pulp. The taste is sweet, rated 4.9 points.
- Ovstuzhenka. The variety has dark red, almost black berries, weighing from 4 to 7 g. The taste is high.
- Tyutchevka. A productive tree that bears fruits weighing up to 7.5 g. The berries are widely round in shape and dark red in color.
White cherry
White cherries produce a crop that is creamy or yellowish in color with a slight blush. The berries are consumed fresh; they are not suitable for freezing or long-term storage. Such fruits have a delicate taste and are rich in ascorbic acid.
The best varieties of cherries with white fruits:
- Bordeaux white. Winter-hardy hybrid, fruiting late. The berries do not tolerate transportation well. The tree is treated against gray rot and cherry flies.
- Winklera white. A tall variety that begins to bear fruit early. The fruits have a thin translucent skin of a pale yellow color, blushing in the sun.
- Zaslonovskaya. A medium-sized tree that produces a crop of early dates. The pulp is tender, cream-colored, and has a sweet, refreshing taste.
Early varieties of cherries
The best early ripening varieties:
- Yellow extra early. Fruiting begins in the first half of June. The berries are one-dimensional, lemon-colored, the pulp has a dessert taste, without bitterness.
- April - very early variety sweet cherries, bearing fruit at the end of May. The winter hardiness of the tree and the taste of the berries are average.
- Raditsa. A weak-growing tree resistant to diseases and frost. Productivity is stable and high.
- Valery Chkalov. Chokeberry early cherry with large fruits. The tree is vigorous and has increased winter hardiness.
- Bigarro Burlat. An industrial early hybrid with decent taste and commercial qualities.
Early ripening cherries bloom in early May and produce a harvest at the end of June. It is grown in warm regions, since the flowers can be seriously damaged by return frosts. At the same time, early varieties are less likely to suffer from attacks by cherry flies and other insects. Among these varieties, the red-fruited Iput and Ovstuzhenka are also popular.
Mid-season cherry varieties
Mid-season cherries bloom in the second ten days of May. Fruiting begins in mid-July. Such varieties have universal use and good taste; they can be stored and transported without problems.
Popular representatives of this group:
- Adeline. Medium-sized tree with high-quality fruits. It is characterized by increased productivity and early fruiting.
- Rechitsa. Winter-hardy and productive hybrid, resistant to fungal diseases.
- Teremoshka. The tree brings a stable high yield. The berries are large, do not crack and have a good taste.
- French black. An ancient industrial variety, distinguished by its high quality and presentation of fruits.
- Rechitsa. Brings high and regular yields. Has high immunity to fungal infections.
Late cherry varieties
Late varieties bloom from the second half of May. The crop is harvested in late July-August. Due to their thick skin, they are easily transported, have an excellent taste and a universal purpose.
The best late-ripening hybrids:
- Veda. Weak winter-hardy tree with dark fruits.
- Bryanochka. Winter-hardy and productive hybrid, resistant to coccomycosis.
- Leningrad black. The latest cherry, after ripening, the berries hang on the branches for a long time, until September.
- Michurinka. Differs in productivity and resistance to frosts. With preventive treatments, the tree is little susceptible to disease.
- Astakhov's favorite. Disease and frost resistant. Berries are sweet large good taste.
large cherry
Popular varieties with large fruits:
- Vasilisa. The tree is vigorous with berries weighing 12-14 g. The harvest is distinguished by its bright red color, dense and fleshy pulp, and good dessert taste.
- Annushka. A hybrid with berries weighing 9-10 g, burgundy in color and dense pulp.
- Large-fruited. Cherry of medium ripening with fruits weighing 10-11 g. Burgundy color, wide-round shape, juicy pulp.
- Italian. Medium-sized tree with burgundy berries. The pulp is dense and has a dessert taste.
- Aelita. It bears fruits weighing 8-10 g with yellow skin and pronounced blush. The pulp is sweet, yellow, with a honey aroma.
The most productive varieties of cherries are described in the video:
dwarf cherry
Dwarf varieties of cherries reach a height of 2 m. They are easy to care for: spray, trim shoots, cover for the winter and harvest. It is also practiced to grow the crop on a dwarf rootstock. Such plants are formed in the form of a multi-stemmed bush. The grafted tree begins to bear fruit earlier - usually 3-4 years after grafting. The lifespan of a scion is about 10 years, after which it outgrows and requires replacement.
Sweet cherry varieties
The taste of the pulp is affected by the content of sugar and organic acids. Each variety is given a tasting rating on a 5-point scale. The sweetest hybrids received 4.8-5 points.
Popular varieties of cherries with a sweet taste:
- Bryanochka;
- Napoleon black;
- Ariadne;
- Bychina;
- Donetsk beauty;
- Tyutchevka;
- Revna;
- Poetry.
Self-fertile cherries
In self-fertile cherries, berry formation occurs without the participation of pollinators. In such varieties, up to 40% of fruits are set. Hybrids have partial self-fertility, in which this figure is 5-10%. To increase productivity, it is recommended to plant at least one pollinator on the site.
Popular self-fertile varieties:
- Big Star. The tree bears fruit in the mid-late period. The berries are large, dark red, with aromatic, sweet pulp.
- Celeste. Canadian vigorous hybrid with large fruits. The pulp is dense, red, sweet and sour. Ripening occurs in the second decade of June.
- Ox heart. Partially self-fertile variety, productive and frost-resistant. Berries are sweet, however? susceptible to cracking in high humidity.
- Bereket. The variety is partially self-fertile. The tree is resistant to drought and winter frosts. Fruits weighing about 6 g with delicate sweet and sour pulp.
- Horny goat weed. Partially self-fertile hybrid, productive and frost-resistant. The berries have a marketable appearance and good taste.
- Pridonskaya. Early ripening cherries that produce a stable harvest. Fruits of universal use.
Conclusion
Cherries are valued by gardeners for their sweet fruits that have universal uses. There are many varieties of this crop: with yellow and red fruits, early, medium and late fruiting. The choice of cherries for planting depends on the climatic conditions of the region, the presence of a pollinator and the available space on the site.
