Wood copying machine: assembly of turning and milling equipment. Do-it-yourself wood copying machine Copying device for a lathe

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A wood turning and copying machine is a machine that is widely used in factory woodworking for replicating products of a certain configuration that corresponds to a given sample. This equipment allows you to process any parts with high accuracy and speed. However, production machines with their large dimensions will be difficult to locate in a small private workshop.

Copying equipment in woodworking

Many carpentry enthusiasts, gradually expanding their tool base and improving their skills, come to the idea of ​​assembling a wood copy lathe with their own hands. After all, with the help of this device it is possible to make an exact copy of any piece of furniture and carry out restoration work.

Note!
In most cases, of course, the main factor that encourages people to “reinvent the wheel” is the high price of a finished factory product.

The operating principle of a wood copying machine is quite simple:

• The workpiece of the required size is clamped in a horizontal position.
• Starting the device, forcing the workpiece to rotate around its axis.
• In turn, the movable cutter also removes excess wood, turning the blank into a product of the desired shape.

Structurally, the copying device for a wood lathe is whole line parts connected to each other, so there will be something to work on.

Personal assembly of equipment at home

Lathe

In order to assemble a small copying machine for wood with your own hands, you will need to make some effort and patience, as well as invest financially (about 7-7.5 thousand rubles). But this is several times less than the costs that await you if you purchase a ready-made option.

Copier for wood lathe with manual router

We suggest you make your own copier with minimal costs according to time, the machine can be started in " industrial production» turned parts by evening. The "cutting tool" will be manual frezer, technical specifications for manufactured parts depend on technical characteristics wood lathe. Despite the fact that the copier is made using plywood, it can produce up to hundreds of products from one copier, you will agree that this quantity is quite enough to fulfill most wholesale orders.

The device does not look exactly “attractive” from a design point of view, but we did not set such a task for ourselves. We tried to make our “equipment” as simple to manufacture and more or less reliable as possible. Which is what happened in the end. How is a copier made? Let's get to know him better.

Copier device

For cutting tool an ordinary manual milling cutter is adapted, specific model doesn't matter at all. Place the router on the support platform, our platform dimensions are 500×200 mm, made of sheet plywood 12 millimeters thick. You can slightly increase or decrease the linear parameters of the site depending on the size hand cutters. On the site, make holes for the cutter to exit and holes for installing mounting bolts. In order to completely eliminate unauthorized spontaneous movements of the cutter during operation, we advise you to install additional stop bars around the perimeter on the site, secure the bars with self-tapping screws, the length of the screws is selected taking into account the thickness of the fixing bars.

The router must be installed between the stop bars, check the reliability of its fixation, any vibrations are completely eliminated. The far end of the platform should “ride” along the pipe the entire length of the wood lathe, we used a Ø 25 mm pipe, you can use other pipes for making. The main thing is that they withstand the weight of the router without bending, are absolutely even and with perfect smooth surface. Secure the ends of the pipe with two wooden blocks, in our case, 80×35 mm bars were used. Screw the bars to the body of the lathe using metal screws; you do not have to cut threads for the bolts. If your machine design does not allow you to fasten the bars in this way, then solve this problem in your own way.

Installing main structural elements homemade copier

Strong advice - do not rush during the manufacture of equipment; turned parts for a copier do not forgive even the slightest violations not only of technology, but also of the location of the working axes. It follows from this that the axis of the pipe along which the milling cutter will move must be perfectly parallel to the axis of rotation of the lathe. We naturally found that the axis of the pipe coincided with the axis of the machine, but this condition is not necessary. The main thing is that the cutting tool of the cutter in its lowest position coincides with the axis of the machine, and this parameter can be adjusted by the level of the copier.

The pipe is fixed in the blind holes of the bars; before fixing it, you need to put two bars on it, on which the bearing platform of the router will be installed. Important condition- the bars for the platform should slide easily along the guide pipe, but wobbling is prohibited. Check this parameter and, if necessary, manually lap the pipe and bars. Then attach the router support pad to the bars and install the router on it. Check the smoothness of sliding again, making sure that there is no wobble at all. Don’t be afraid of such “strict” requirements for gliding quality. If you have a pipe with a normal surface and completely flat, then achieving smooth sliding is not difficult.

Installation of a horizontal bar

This is the second “working” element of a homemade copier; in terms of installation accuracy, you must comply with all the above requirements. The profile template of the parts is attached to the horizontal bar. A 70×30 mm block is quite suitable for manufacturing; it is attached with self-tapping screws to the vertical wooden racks, fix the stands in any convenient way to the lathe bed. The upper edge of the horizontal bar must be parallel to the axis of the machine and be flush with it. If the copier becomes temporarily unnecessary, the block can be easily removed, the mounting platform for the router tilts to the rearmost position and the wood lathe can be used for its intended purpose.

Attach a vertical stop to the working platform of the router; we made it from thin plywood, you can use more durable materials, even metal. This part will move along the copier during turning and set the spatial position of the cutter; fasten the copier as firmly as possible. There is a direct relationship in terms of thickness: the thinner it is, the more accurately the dimensions will be taken from the template. But there is another dependence - too thin a copier makes it difficult to move the device along the template, choose the golden mean. The height of the copier needs to be adjusted after final assembly machine, during adjustment all the listed conditions must be observed. One more thing. If you have a copier made of plywood, then you need to make it removable; this will allow you to quickly replace a worn-out copier with a new one while turning a large number of similar products.

How the template is made

There's nothing new here. Draw the outline of the part to be turned on a strip of plywood or OSB board, check all the dimensions again and use electric jigsaw cut carefully. The edges must be sanded to remove nicks and irregularities. Attach the template to the horizontal rail with self-tapping screws; when fixing, observe all installation dimensions.

Some features of turning

You will have to move the device only with two hands, otherwise it may jam on the pipe. Another problem is that the radii of curvature of turned parts are limited by the diameter of the cutter; this must be kept in mind when choosing the profile of turned parts. Practice shows the dependence of the feed speed on the diameter of the cutter: the smaller the diameter of the cutter, the less the feed should be and vice versa.

540 rub.

The design of woodworking lathes is similar in basic parameters to metalworking equipment. They also have a front and tailstock, caliper, spindle with cutters. Its weight and equipment depend on the purpose of the equipment additional accessories And automated systems management.

Construction of a woodworking lathe

The design of a wood lathe differs from that of metal lathes in that it does not require a cooling system; therefore, there is no coolant supply system. Power of woodworking lathe for s manual control smaller, but it has adjustable rotation speeds. To work on manually operated wood lathes that are not intended to produce one type of product, special devices are used - cutters and a removable faceplate.

Main nodes

The faceplate serves to securely fasten the material of the maximum permissible diameter, and the cutter is used to self made on equipment that does not have a permanently installed support. They are more often used for making simple blanks for painting, turning cuttings needed on the farm for shovels, ax handles and other household utensils.

The school wood lathe gives a complete idea of ​​how you can make household items and beautiful souvenirs. A machine operating at low speeds will allow the novice master to understand the basic operating principle of all turning units and mechanisms. The skills acquired at school will help you master more complex turning equipment with CNC.

One of the most common equipment in mass production in woodworking shops is a wood turning and copying machine. For its operation, devices are needed - stencils, according to the outline of which the outline of the object will be created.

Classification of woodworking machines

Many types of equipment are used in the woodworking industry. The main characteristics by which classification is made are technological process and design features.

Technological features:

1. Cutting;
2. Gluing and assembly;
3. Presses;
4. Finishing;
5. Dryers.

Equipment of different designs for performing the same operations may differ in operating technology.

• Processing 1 or many items;
• Number of threads;
• 1-axis or 4-axis;
• By the number of spindles;
• Along the trajectory of movement of the processed material;
• By the nature of the presentation.
• By cyclicality.

The scheme of operation on a turning and copying machine is as follows:

1. At the top of the bed special mounts a stencil made of wood is installed - a copier.
2. The rolling roller moves along the outside of the copier.
3. By connecting the roller to the cutting tool using a rigid fastening method, the cutter accurately transfers the movement of the roller along the copier to the wood. Where there is a recess on the copier, there will be a convex element on the wood, and the protrusion on the stencil will appear as a notch in the finished wooden object.

For the production of identical elements wooden decor a machine with a copier is the most convenient solution.

Lathe, on which processing takes place using hand tools: reyer, meisel, scraper, is not particularly accurate. When making several similar parts from wood with the same density characteristics, you have to rely only on the skill of the turner and his eye, but it is still very difficult to give a 100% guarantee that they will be identical. The use of different types of wood in the production means that cutters and devices will need to be different from each other.

The wood turning and copying machine is distinguished by the accuracy of reproduction of the stored data. The copier is a kind of CNC prototype. One copier allows you to make identical things an infinite number of times, which is necessary for the manufacture of balusters for railings or legs for cabinet furniture sets. In workshops where production is on stream, it is more advisable to use CNC-equipped copying machines.

When working with wood, there is always a manual process of bringing the part to perfection using sandpaper. Grinding is carried out at the stage while the object is secured between the lathe heads. Rotation is programmed at lower speeds than those at which cutting was performed.

Lathes are used for turning wooden elements oblong shape. The workpiece is mounted on a spindle with approximately equal weight distribution. To do this, holes are drilled in the center of the end ends of the wooden workpiece - this is necessary so that the rotation of the shaft is uniform. The most commonly used wood cylindrical or timber with planed corners. Cutting is carried out not only externally, but also inner surface blanks. Forms finished products can be complex, conical, cylindrical - symmetrical relative to the center of the product.

A desktop wood lathe equipped with a computer programming system has high precision in reproducing complex designs. You can create very complex elements threads.

Classification

Lathes are divided into:

• center ones with mechanized feed. It is possible to perform work on this equipment using hand-held cutting tools (when installing a special tool rest on the frame). An oblong piece of wood is held by a spindle and a movable tailstock. The longitudinal feed of the caliper is mechanized. These machines can be used to work with a copier. When working with short, light workpieces, the tailstock fastening may not be used. During processing inside wooden part The fastening is a faceplate. The moving elements in the operating mode on these lathes are the cutters moving along the piece of wood being processed and the rotating spindle.
• Lathes are used to produce parts on a flat, wide wooden base. Beautiful multi-level carvings, bas-reliefs, high reliefs - this is what can be produced on machines that work with a wide faceplate, on which the workpiece is mounted. Work is carried out only on the front part of the part. The rest of the revision will be done manually.
• round-sticks process wood, giving it a shape with a round cross-section. When working on this equipment, the workpieces do not rotate or move. The only moving parts of the machine are the heads with the cutters. There are also machines in this group for processing long products. Then they will feed the workpieces with rollers under the cutters.

Shaping wood occurs by rotating the material being processed and using a cutting tool.

Device and equipment

Woodworking lathes differ in the type of support feed and the shape of the items being manufactured.

1. Wooden blanks not exceeding 40 cm in diameter and 1 m in length, 60 cm, are processed on a lathe with a tool rest.
2. Power-feed lathes are designed to handle wood workpieces with the same size limitations as hand-cutting lathes.
3. The device for disc-shaped wooden blanks can be placed on work surface parts up to 3 m in diameter. The thickness of the wood is limited by the parameters set by the machine manufacturer.

Diagram of a lathe with a mechanical support feed, equipped with an attached frontal device:

• bed on 2 pedestals;
• headstock and tailstock;
• calipers;
• spindle rotated by a 2-speed motor;
• V-belt drive connecting the 3-speed gearbox to the engine;
• a pulley mounted on the spindle drives the longitudinal slide;
• the cutters are mounted in a rotating holder;
• the main - transverse and additional - longitudinal supports set the direction of movement of the cutters.

When working with hand cutters, it is necessary to install a tool rest on the guides of the frame. The support at this stage of processing is retracted beyond working area all the way.

Accessories for lathes Tools for wood lathes

The head device also has a rotating holder. This device is used for processing workpieces with a diameter of up to 60 cm, fixed on one side to a faceplate connected to the spindle, and fixed by the tailstock of the machine. When processing a short workpiece, the clamp can be omitted, making it easier internal processing details.

The speed of cutting the edge of a tree at different points is different, which is determined by the distance of the cutter from the axis of rotation. This is most clearly seen when working with a copier. The spindle speed is determined by the diameter of the workpiece wood material and its strength.

A variety of equipment, including machines, can be used to work with wood. Through the use of such equipment, it accelerates the process of mechanical processing of wooden blanks. A wood lathe with a copier is in great demand, which greatly simplifies the execution of tasks: making furniture legs, door handles and balusters.

Classification of lathes

Many people decide to buy and install lathes in their own workshop because of their possible use in the manufacture of cylindrical products. There is quite a large number of different models, they can be divided into several groups:

1. Classic equipment, when the workpiece is located in a chuck or faceplate. A cutter is used as a cutting tool. The workpiece can rotate at different speeds. However, the equipment is not suitable for mass production.
2. Copying machines can be used to work from a template. By using a template, you can simplify the task of manufacturing similar products. For small-scale production, a manually operated machine is suitable, as it is low cost and easy to use.
3. Milling machines are extremely common today. This is due to the fact that they are widely used in the production of cabinet and flat parts made of wood and metal. There is also a wood turning and milling machine, which can be used to perform various operations.
4. Models with numerical control. In mass production or the manufacture of expensive products, equipment that has a CNC unit can be used. However, the use of a copier significantly reduces the cost of the product.

The copying device for a wood lathe has very attractive characteristics, due to which they began to be installed in private and other workshops.

Classic design

Industrial machines have enough complex design, especially CNC versions that can process automatically. The required product can also be obtained using copying equipment. The classic design is represented by a combination of the following main components:

A homemade copier for a wood lathe also allows for high-quality processing of workpieces.

DIY making

Industrial versions of machines are expensive. That is why many are considering the possibility of assembling the machine with their own hands. Recommendations for carrying out the work are as follows:

Most attention is paid to the production of the copier. This is what distinguishes a lathe from a copying machine.

Creating a copier

The copier is used to produce similar products. Due to its use, the productivity indicator is significantly increased. Among the features associated with creating a copier, the following points are noted:

The template is made of plywood and is screwed to the front surface of the beam. Upper surface previously installed timber aligned with the template axis.

Disadvantages of the device in question

A homemade copying machine has a fairly large number of significant disadvantages. An example is the following information:

That is why it is recommended to install industrial machines to establish the production of complex wooden elements.

Wood cutting machine Proma DSL-1200

The model under consideration is intended for processing wooden products, which can be used as decorative elements. Experts call a distinctive feature of the design the presence of two incisors:

This machine model can be used to work with large workpieces. To do this, the structure is equipped with a steady rest, which is mounted on rods that act as guides. The installed faceplate allows processing multi-faceted products.

Main characteristics of the model:

The disadvantage of this proposal, like many others, is the rather high cost.

Lathes are specialized equipment used for making wood products. It is on this machine that furniture legs are made, door handles, balusters and other wood products. There are many models of modern lathes with different prices.

Models of wood lathes

There is a large number different models lathes, they can be divided into the following types:

• Standard machines, depending on the product, processing on such a device is carried out in the center, in a special chuck or faceplate. The equipment design includes an electric motor, a steel frame, cutters, chucks and a control system.
• Copying tools, with their help, produce the same type of wood products in large quantities. Manually operated devices are cheaper and will be a profitable option for small industries.
• Milling machines, on which wood processing is done along the axis of the product. The work is done using a milling cutter and a circular saw.
• Machines for twisted flutes; the equipment can carry out standard operations, as well as figured cutting on the sides of products. Electronic control significantly simplifies the work, and the ability to simultaneously process two products increases productivity and saves time.

Copy wood lathe Proma DSL-1200

The lathe is designed for processing wooden products, turning profiles and decorative parts. Feature apparatus - presence of two incisors. One is installed on a steady rest and is used for processing round workpieces, removing up to 10 mm of material in one pass. With this cutter you can make round blanks different diameters. The settings are set on a special device.

The second cutter is installed in the copying carriage and turns the parts according to the copying machine. The original fastening allows you to quickly prepare the machine for work.

For the manufacture of long products, the delivery set includes a steady rest, which is mounted on guide rods as a support and prevents deflection of the long workpiece. By installing a faceplate, the machine will allow you to process multi-faceted products.

Characteristics:

• Voltage - 380V.
• Center height - 215 mm.
• Weight - 395 kg.
• Dimensions - 2105x1000x1225 mm.

Price - 255803 rub..

4-spindle copy lathe T4M-0

Model T4M-0 is equipped with a horizontal sanding unit, which is capable of processing 4 workpieces simultaneously using a copier (lace legs of tables and chairs, musical instruments).

• The cast bed and balanced parts eliminated vibration, increasing the processing speed of large workpieces.
• The shaft is installed automatically at the beginning of the cycle and returns to its original position after processing is completed.
• Pneumatic clamping on spindles.
• Adjustable shaft feed speed.
• Smooth adjustment of spindle speed using a block.

Characteristics:

Additional equipment:

• 7.3 kW motor.
• Inventory rotation speed control.
• Expansion of working space up to 1500 mm.

Price - 49,700 rub..

Copy wood lathe CL-1201

The CL-1201 machine is used in manufacturing industries for turning rounded products with a diameter of up to 1200 mm and processing cylindrical parts. Wide range of possibilities For processing, clamps are provided: faceplate, chuck, centers.

Features of the lathe:

• The heavy spindle is equipped with a device that controls the rotation speed, which allows high-quality processing of workpieces based on weight, dimensions, and type of wood.
• The spindle can change the direction of rotation, providing good processing wood of any density.
• The lathe is controlled and configured from a portable console, which, at the user’s request, can be placed on the front or rear column.
• The stability of the machine is ensured by a frame made of steel, and the rear columns are made of cast iron. This ensures minimal vibration during operation and improves the quality of processing.
• The base allows you to process workpieces up to 1270 mm long, and to increase it you can use additional sections up to 1270 mm.
• The copying mechanism is included in the basic package, which significantly expands the possibilities.
• The milling attachment allows you to produce longitudinal grooves along the entire length of the workpiece.
• The mobile support moves over the entire surface of the part. Control is carried out by a flywheel. The processing depth is adjusted by lever
• With the help of a tailstock, the machining accuracy of long parts increases.
• The degree of protection of the machine is IP54, the engine is reliably protected from overheating and overload, and electronic parts are protected from moisture and dust.

The standard package includes:

• Copier and template holder.
• Knife support 254 mm.
• Mounting washer 254 mm.
• Rotating center.
• 2 straight cutters
• Chisel stand.
• Mobile rest.
• Devices for regulating spindle speed.

Price - 153588 rub..

Copy wood lathe CL-1201A

The device is manufactured by the Austrian company Stomana, which has been supplying equipment for more than 20 years. The device is designed for processing wood and rounding products up to 1270 mm long, made of materials of different densities. The copier is supplied in a basic configuration; it is used to produce products according to the sample.

Included in delivery lathe includes:

• Copier and stand for templates.
• Knife support.
• Mechanism for applying spiral channels.
• Rotating center.
• Leading center with a diameter of 20 mm.
• Fastening washer.
• 2 incisors.
• Stand for lunette.

Copy wood lathe KTF-7

The KTF-7 turning device is used for processing wood on stationary and rotating workpieces. Equipment uses disc milling tool, which increases productivity and service life. This scheme allows you to obtain parts that cannot be made on a conventional lathe:

• Profile polyhedra.
• Surfaces with helical profile.
• Profile grooves on the product.

Work on the turning device is carried out according to a template with automatic feeding blanks, in two passes. At forward movement rough processing occurs, and in the opposite case - finishing. Semi-automatic operation increases productivity and the number of irregularities on the wood surface during processing. The device is equipped with a mount for a hand cutter.

Characteristics:

• Voltage - 380V.
• The maximum length of the part is 1200 mm.
• Center height - 215 mm.
• Weight - 740 kg.
• Dimensions - 2100x900x1049 mm.