Mandarin tree description. Citrus hybrids: varieties and growing at home. How to grow a tangerine at home from a stone

This variety is a blend of Clementine and Tangelo mandarins. The color of the peel of the fruit is rich orange.

This is a mixture of orange and tangerine, the color of the peel of the fruits of the Honey variety varies from yellow to orange, sometimes it can be green. The taste of this variety is simply excellent, very sweet and juicy. The season for this variety starts in November and ends in January.

Ripe mandarin fruit, mandarin leaves, green small mandarin freshly tied.

This variety of mandarin differs from other varieties in its smooth skin (which is rare in tangerines, as well as in oranges), the skin color of the fruit is orange-red.

The fruits of this variety of mandarin differ from other varieties in a very sweet taste, the color of the peel of the fruit is richly orange.

A distinctive feature of this variety of tangerines is their size, as they are very large, which is usually not typical for other varieties of tangerines. The peel of the fruit has a rich orange color.

This variety belongs to one of the oldest varieties of mandarin, at one time it was very popular. This variety is originally from Florida, appeared in 1867. Now this variety is not in wide demand, since when grown it is very sensitive to various diseases. The fruits are very juicy and tasty.

This variety is also known as "Algerian Mandarin". It has a sweet taste, as well as the absence of seeds in the fruit. The membrane that surrounds the fruit itself is much thinner than other varieties, the texture of the fruit itself is also very fragile. Seasonal time for the Clementino variety starts from November to April. Imports of these mandarins come mainly from North Africa and Spain.

This variety is a cross between a tangerine and a grapefruit, it also resembles a pomelo (a pomelo is a large citrus fruit that resembles a grapefruit). The fruit of the Tangelo variety looks like large oranges, looks somewhat similar to the popular variety.

It tastes like a regular tangerine, with a slight hint of grapefruit. The season for this variety starts from November to February.

A fairly well-known variety of tangerines. The fruits have excellent taste, slightly tart. The color of the peel of the fruit is rich orange, quite smooth to the touch.

This variety of mandarins is also known under the name "Royal Mandarin", its fruits are a cross between tangerines and oranges. The fruits have a lot of seeds, they taste very sweet, juicy, the peel has an orange color. The picking season for the "Temple" variety begins in January and ends in March.

The crown is compact, the flowers are medium in size, about 4 cm in diameter, solitary, in the axils of the leaves. The leaves are small, dense, dark green, lanceolate, 8x3 cm. The fruits are medium-sized, oval-flattened, about 6-7 cm in diameter.

This is a fairly strong tree with fairly thick branches, not distinguished by special branching qualities. With good and proper care a tangerine tree of this variety can grow quite large for the size of an apartment. The foliage on the tree is quite fleshy, even rough, the tree blooms profusely, the fruits are medium in size, the skin color is orange-yellow. A variety of dwarf tangerines (mountain tangerine) in nature up to 1.5 meters high, in an apartment up to 1 m. The leaves are small, lighter and thinner than those of the Unshiu tangerine. Flowers small, mostly solitary. The main flowering takes place in the spring, but throughout the year a small number of flowers can be seen on the tree. Begins to bear fruit in the 2nd year. From a tree up to 100 fruits, good taste, the size of the fruits of the Gamlin orange variety. The plant is photophilous.

Photo of indoor tangerine.

(Citrus clementina) - (tangerine x orange) - with small or medium-sized, flattened, very fragrant orange-red fruits covered with a shiny thin peel (multi-seeded clementines are called monrealis)

Fruits of medium size (70-90 g). The top of the fruit is flat, slightly depressed. The peel is relatively thin, well separated from the pulp. 70% of the mass of the fruit is yellow-orange pulp with a pleasant taste. Ripens early November.

Fruits weighing about 80 g are orange in color. The peel is thin, well separated from the pulp. The pulp of the fruit has a pleasantly sweet taste. Ripens early November.

Good for growing at home. This is a very fruitful variety, distinguished by its frost resistance and high yield. The Unshiu variety tree is rather short, the crown is quite spreading, the branches are very thin and flexible, covered with corrugated leaves. This tree branches well, is characterized by rapid growth, willing and abundant color. The fruits are pear-shaped, there are no seeds. If the plant is artificially illuminated, growth will be continuous.

This tree is quite compact in size, the foliage is quite large, fleshy, dark green. This variety belongs to the early varieties of mandarin, blooms profusely. yield grades medium, fruit weight can reach up to 30g.

This is an extremely rare variety of mandarin that grows in a compact bush. Fruit ripening occurs in summer, the pulp of this mandarin variety is very sweet, reminiscent of the taste of honey.

5. Therapeutic effect of mandarin.

Tangerines are contraindicated: for allergy sufferers (their pollen is very dangerous for them), diabetics, pregnant women and children under 2 years old.
But they inhibit many viruses, cancer cells, remove heavy metals and radioactive substances from the body. Try inhaling mandarin essential oil. Its aroma will cheer you up, restore strength, reduce appetite, improve digestion and metabolism, and increase immunity.

Growing tangerines has long fascinated mankind. At home, it is an evergreen, medium-sized tree with stiff, dark green leaves.

6. Mandarin care

Like all subtropical crops, tangerine needs a cool content in winter (8-12 degrees Celsius), especially with a lack of light, since under short daylight conditions the plant forms thin, weak shoots that need to be removed.

Watering:

Water the plant regularly throughout the year, but moderately when upper layer the soil will dry out a bit. Excessive watering leads to the death of the plant, and a lack of moisture leads to twisting and falling of the leaves.

Mandarin does not like drafts, therefore, when taken out into the air in summer, it must be placed in a place protected from the wind. In addition, the plant needs constant inflow fresh air, which must be taken into account when kept at room temperature, and spraying with water at room temperature.

Top dressing:

Be sure to regularly feed the plant every 10-15 days from the beginning of February to November. With additional lighting, top dressing is not stopped even in winter, but with half-concentration fertilizer. Fertilizer watering is used in the first half of summer. It increases the sugar content of fruits and reduces the bitter taste that is characteristic of citrus fruits at room culture. The plant needs more fertilizer, the older it is and the longer it stays in one dish. Fertilizers are applied after watering. With additional artificial lighting of tangerines in winter, they also need to be fertilized. Recommended for tangerines organic fertilizers(slurry from cow dung) and combined mineral fertilizers, you can also buy special fertilizers for citrus fruits in flower shops.

Soil for mandarin

3 parts sod, 1 part leaf, 1 part cow dung humus, 1 part sand and a small amount of oily clay.

Reproduction:

Mandarin is propagated by air layering, grafting, sometimes cuttings and seeds. Cuttings are taken from shoots with a diameter of 4 mm, which have already completed growth. Thicker cuttings are very difficult to root, thinner ones give weak growth or die. The cuttings take root within a month, it is rather difficult, therefore they are preliminarily kept in a heteroauxin solution. The necessary conditions rooting - the temperature of the substrate is not lower than 21-22 degrees Celsius, the air temperature is 20 degrees Celsius, humidity is 90%.

It is best to graft mandarin in April-May on seedlings of orange, lemon or orange, which have reached a thickness of 8-10 mm.

This photo shows that on one rootstock, tangerine and lemon are grafted. They are perfectly combined on the same trunk.

Root family. The birthplace of the mandarin is China, Japan, the Philippines, Cochin China (Indochina). Botanical name Cītrus reticulata.

Types of tangerines

You probably noticed that in the store, tangerine fruits have the most diverse shape, the thickness of the peel of the fruit, the number of seeds. This is because the genus mandarin, like the orange, is very diverse. This applies not only to fruits, but also to other morphological features: the size and shape of the bush, buds, flowers and ovaries. And in a store called "tangerine" they sell not only true tangerines, but also its hybrids (price and taste are important to a simple buyer, nothing more).

Non-hybrid tangerines (true tangerines, various varieties) are most commonly known as Unshiu Mandarin, although the correct botanical name is Citrus reticulata blanco or Citrus reticulata var. unshiu, very often the name is written as Citrus unshiu, meaning many varieties, united by the common name Mandarin Unshiu (seedless).

Despite varietal differences, all tangerines have green leathery leaves of an elliptical shape, usually slightly corrugated, narrowed at the ends, lionfish are absent or small. The terms of ripening of fruits are different (there is a grouping according to precocity). Tangerines in nature rarely grow more than 2.5-2.7 m, at home no more than 1.5 m. The crown is formed by a fairly wide branched one (the leafiness of different varieties is different). Mandarin Unshiu does not have a pronounced dormant period, the leaves falling during the year are replaced by newly formed leaves (the life of the leaf is 2-4 years). The flowers are white, five-petalled, appear in spring on short last year's shoots. Mandarin is propagated by grafting, air layering, cuttings, seeds. Unshiu tangerine bears fruit from three to four years of age, with proper agricultural technology.

The taxonomy of the mandarin genus has not been finally approved. But experts distinguish several groups of tangerines:

• Satsuma tangerines include varieties of several groups: Unshiu Unshiu, Wase Wase, Owari Owari, Ikeda Ikedu, Zairai Zairai, Mikado Mikado, King King, etc.
• A group of hybrid tangerines: calamondin, clementine, tangelo, tangerines, natsumican, tangor, Nobils tangerine, Mediterranean tangerine, citrandarins, ichandarins.

For a simple florist who has just started growing citrus fruits, it is usually enough to know that the purchased plant is mandarin and caring for it, like most citrus fruits.

Passionate citrus grower, usually passionate about his work and trying to learn the whole story of each citrus tree. For him, the varieties differ in one look. "Kovano-Vase" Kovano Wase - undersized dense trees, with brown rough bark, bordered petioles, it does not have thorns, flowers are single or in a small group and large about 4 cm in diameter. The variety is popular on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus.

But the Okitsu variety Okitsu Wase - originally from Japan, popularized all over the world (Spain, China, Argentina) - is also a low tree with a spreading but sparse crown, has small spines, forms a huge number of fruits - therefore it is considered one of the most promising varieties (begins to bear fruit very early). But there is a small minus - for indoor citrus growing, Okitsu does not the best option if there is no special place for wintering. This variety is not only resistant to cold, it does not tolerate heat, dryness and needs a cold dormant period in winter.

Portuguese early variety of carvalhais Citrus reticulata "Carvalhais" is an upright growing tree, the leaves are usually long, pointed, like a clementine, the flesh is orange, juicy, pleasantly sour, has numerous seeds. It is very popular in Portugal, it is very rarely exported, since the fruits are practically not stored, they quickly deteriorate. This mandarin is a hybrid of unknown origin, it is believed that one of the parents is the Mediterranean mandarin Citrus deliciosa.

• For European gardeners, the classification is generally simple, all tangerines are conditionally divided into groups: Goku Wase (very early varieties), Wase (early varieties) and Owari (late varieties).
• In the USA, tangerines are often sold that are distinguished by a bright orange or red color called tangerines - these are not real tangerines, their genetics have not yet been studied.

Mandarin Care

Temperature: Tangerines are demanding of light and heat. Budding, flowering and fruit set are best achieved at an average air and soil temperature of + 17-18°C.

In winter, the mandarin needs to find a colder place - the best insulated balcony. Upper allowable limit 14-15°C, lower 8-12°C - watering is appropriate, from very moderate to scarce. The lack of cold wintering can lead to the fact that the plant does not bear fruit. In addition, a large tangerine tree on the windowsill in heating season will invariably be under the flow of hot air from the battery, this leads to the drying of the leaves, the rapid reproduction of mites and other problems. If you don't have a place to hibernate, use a greenhouse film to shield the edge of the window sill from the warm air of the room.

Lighting: from February-March to August, at midday hours on a sunny window, you need very light shading to protect the mandarin not so much from sunburn as from heat and dryness. The southeast window is ideal for him, a place next to the south window (immediately behind the tulle curtain), it will be too hot in the southwest window in summer. North windows - absolutely not for citrus fruits. The general plan is as follows: from 11 am to 3 pm - you can shade, before and after - shade is not needed, the sun is welcome. In winter, the lower the temperature, the lower the need for light. If the house is warm and there is no option for a cold winter, you will have to put two fluorescent lamps of 40 W each (white or blue glow) 15-20 cm from the crown on both sides, so that the total daylight hours are at least 12 hours.

Watering: abundantly in summer and spring, after the top layer of earth 5-6 cm dries out on top of the pot - in a day or two, and when it is very hot - every day, on cold damp days, moderate, be sure to check the soil with your finger. In autumn and winter, the frequency of watering depends on the air temperature, with a cool content, watering is rare, after a thorough drying of the earth. However, it is not necessary to overdry the earth to a state of dust - drying and falling off of leaves, ovaries, and fruits will begin. On the other hand, we must not forget that plants die from excess moisture. Therefore, it is important that the soil is loose, and watering should be adjusted so that the soil dries out after watering for 4-5 days no longer.

Air humidity: It is advisable to spray tangerines in the summer, on dry hot days, but if they are kept in a room with central heating in winter, then they are sprayed two or three times a day in winter. If in the room hot battery cover it with a damp towel.

Repotting: Young trees should be repotted annually. Transplantation should not be carried out if the roots of the plant have not yet been braided with an earthen ball. In this case, it is enough to change the top layers of the earth in a pot - it is depleted and often oversaturated with insoluble salts. Fruiting trees are transplanted no more than once every 2-3 years. Transplanted before the start of growth. It is not recommended to transplant the plants after the end of growth. When transplanting, one should not strongly destroy the earthen clod.

If you just bought a young tangerine in a store, and even with fruits, you need to transfer it to a larger pot without disturbing the roots. Tangerine trees from a flower shop are grown in greenhouses and planted in peat - far from an ideal substrate for tangerine. But you can’t immediately replace it - you injure the roots and lose the fruits. Pick up a pot 2-4 cm larger than the store one, pour about 5 cm drainage on the bottom (from expanded clay, shards or broken brick). Remove the tree from the old pot (if it does not come out, cut it on both sides with a hot knife). Place in a new pot and top up with soil. If part of the soil crumbled when removed from the old pot, do not use it, but you need to add no more fresh soil: the root neck in the new pot should be at the same level as it was in the previous one.

• Soil for young tangerines: 2 parts of sod, 1 part of leafy soil, 1 part of humus (manure that has lain in a pile for 3-4 years), 1 part of small pebbles (3-4 mm - coarse sand) 1 part of vermiculite.
• Soil for adult tangerines: 3 parts of sod land, 1 part of leaf, 1 part of humus, 1 part of small pebbles (3-4 mm - coarse sand), 1 part of vermiculite.

The acidity of the soil for citrus fruits should be pH = 6.5-7. Avoid planting in highly acidic soil.

Top dressing: with the beginning of the growth of a tangerine tree in the spring, you need to start top dressing, but not earlier than a month after transplantation. It is best to alternate organic and mineral fertilizers for flowering plants. As an organic, use an infusion of mullein or horse manure (1:10 with water). And mineral fertilizers - any for flowering, for example, Fertika-lux, Agricola, Pocon, etc. There are also special fertilizers for citrus fruits. Mandarin is very sensitive to a lack of potassium: the edges of the leaves turn yellow and dry out. If similar symptoms appear on your tangerine, you need to carry out additional foliar (by leaf) potassium nutrition. Use potassium sulfate (potassium sulphate), potassium carbonate (potassium carbonate, potash) or other chlorine-free fertilizers for dressing tangerines, do not use fertilizers containing chlorine - potassium chloride, potassium salt, etc.

• If in winter the mandarin is not grown in warm home conditions, but at rest it stands in a cold place (balcony, loggia, winter garden), then top dressing is not needed. If growth continues, the formation of new leaves or fruit ripening. Continue to feed, as in the summer, but be sure to illuminate.

reproduction

Reproduction of tangerines, as well as lemons, is usually carried out by grafting, cuttings, layering and seeds. At home, the most common way to propagate citrus fruits is cuttings, in which case the plants can bloom immediately after rooting. In this case, it is better to cut off the flowers, first let the plant grow and gain strength. But fruit trees grown from seed can bloom at best in ten to fifteen years.

• By the way, if mandarin can be a scion and be grafted onto various citrus fruits: lemon, orange, grapefruit, etc., then mandarin is practically not used as a stock. The reason for this is poor, slow formation of callus, poor wound healing, vaccinations do not take root, and if they take root, they are often rejected.

Another way to get a tangerine tree at home is to buy a fresh delivery of tangerines in the store, which have preserved cuttings at the base of the fruit. If the leaves are still fresh, urgently put a sprig for rooting in a mini-greenhouse (soil, as for seeds) or, or graft if you have a suitable stock.

How to grow a tangerine from a seed

Mandarin is easy to grow from a seed - you just need to soak the seed from the eaten fruit for 2-3 days in clean water. When the root hatches (the seed will crack, a small white tip will stick out of it), you need to plant it in a pot 6-7 cm in diameter, in a mixture of soil (universal for citrus fruits from the store) and vermiculite to a depth of 1 cm. Keep the soil in a moderately moist condition - do not overdry! The seed germinates within 2-3 weeks. After germination, put on a sunny windowsill.

It is also practically impossible to graft a tangerine on wilds, it is a very weak and unpromising stock.

Growing problems

Mandarin may be affected powdery mildew and other fungal infections: in this case, it is necessary to spray and pour the tangerine with a solution of foundationazole, topaz, blue vitriol and other fungicides.

• New leaves become smaller, old ones turn yellow and fall off, there is no flowering, fruits are not tied- the plant does not have enough nutrients, it needs to be transplanted into nutrient soil, similar symptoms can also be observed when affected by ticks.
• Yellow spots appear on the leaves or the edges of the leaves turn yellow, the leaves fall prematurely- with excessive watering, watering should have time to dry out at least in the upper third of the pot.
• Gray dry spots on leaves, shriveled leaves- sunburn, pest damage.
• Sudden fall of leaves- waterlogging of the soil, lack of light in winter, watering cold water, low indoor temperatures in winter, excess nutrients in the soil, or cold drafts.

Mandarin pests

Shields: similar to brown convex plaques on the surface of leaves, petioles and stems, mainly along the veins, suck out cell sap. Leaves lose color, dry and fall off. Buds and flowers dry, fruits fall off.

Control measures. Spray the plant thoroughly and water it with a solution of a systemic insecticide - actars. After a day, wash off the leaves with a strong pressure of warm water.

Spider mite: it is especially harmful when it is too dry and hot - the tops of the shoots wrinkle and do not grow, the leaves turn yellow and dry out, often the edges of the leaves twist inward and on reverse side leaf, you can see the web. The fruits fall off. spider mites many - some are visible to the naked eye (running red dots 0.5 mm in size), others can only be seen with a magnifying glass or microscope.

Control measures. The plant is washed with soapy water (baby soap, fairy), hold the foam for 2-3 minutes, washed under a hot shower (temperature about 45 ° C). Then dilute the garlic solution: 1 clove in a glass of water and spray the leaves, do not rinse. Repeat after 3-5 days. With a very severe lesion, mandarin can be sprayed with a 0.15% solution of actellik (1-2 ml per liter of water) or karbofos.

Good results in such cases are obtained by spraying with a solution of Epin, Narcissus or others.

Biological species Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) has complex structure, which includes several pomological groups, the taxonomic structure of which has not yet been clearly developed. Complicating the situation is the fact that tangerines easily create hybrids with other types of citrus fruits.

Forged Washo (Cītrus unshiu Kawano Wase) is one of the most popular varieties belonging to the so-called Unshiu group. In the Wase subgroup, there are 6-7 more varieties, but our current hero among them is the undisputed leader, the ancestor.

Interesting! The name "tangerine" comes from the Sanskrit word "mantrin". So in ancient India they called officials, or rather, advisers to high-ranking people. Together with Buddhism, the term came to China, and from there it was taken away by the Portuguese, but in a modified form - "mandarim", which literally meant "Chinese official". In this country, officials wore bright clothes, the color reminiscent of tangerines.

A little pedigree

All Washo tangerines are also called Sino-Japanese, because their origin is connected with these countries. Moreover, given the "degree of influence", the word "Japanese" should rightfully be in the first place. It was Japanese citrus breeders who made every effort to bring out these lines of tangerines.

The first trees were brought to the Soviet Union in 1937, since then they have been actively grown in the Soviet subtropics, especially in Abkhazia and Adjara.

All Vasyo plants are great for indoor, home breeding. They are compact, easily fit in a person’s dwelling, and besides, they are distinguished by rapid fruiting.

Description of the variety

Kowano Washo is a typical representative of his group. It was created specifically to serve people as a tub culture. This makes it a very popular indoor citrus in our time.

Crown Features

One of the most compact undersized varieties. Under natural conditions, it grows up to one and a half meters, but in a pot, especially in an apartment, it rarely gains even 0.5 m.

The shape of the crown is wide, often almost spherical, it is densely covered with light green foliage. The color of the bark on the trunk is brown, roughness is always visible on it. The leaves are dense, leathery, broadly lanceolate, pointed at both ends. Petioles are long, narrow, sometimes have small lionfish.

There are no spines on the branches, the young shoots are slightly ribbed, green, but turn brown with age. The crown almost does not need to be formed, although the stems are thin, flexible, slightly drooping.

The nature of flowering

It starts early, already at the age of two the tree is able to bloom and bear fruit, although real maturity comes at the age of three. In open ground conditions, flowering occurs in spring, closer to May, but in rooms the plant becomes remontant, and can bloom several times a year. This gives it a special decorative effect: one can observe a crown decorated with buds, flowers and fruits at the same time.

Mandarin blooms profusely, completely covered with fragrant white flowers, collected in small inflorescences. However, some plants have petals with a slightly yellowish tint. The diameter of the flower is from 3 to 4.5 cm, it has 5 petals and a large pistil, surrounded by stamens connected at the base.

Let's talk about fruits

Fruits of Kovano Vasyo are distinguished by excellent consumer qualities! Their tender flesh has a sour-sweet taste, divided into 8-13 slices of different sizes. It is noteworthy that the film separating the lobules can be both thin and very rough, depending on the growing conditions. The sweetness of the juice depends on the amount sunlight: the more it is, the sweeter the fruit.

The fruits ripen surprisingly quickly, within 5 - 6 months! If there is little sunlight, which is observed in the rooms, the ripening time is extended by a month and a half. Most often there are no bones in the pulp.

Other fruit features:

- the shape is flattened, the top is always slightly depressed;

- color is bright, light orange;

- the peel is thin, about 3 mm, easily crumbles and separates from the pulp;

- average weight from 50 to 70 grams;

- after removal from the bush, they do not deteriorate for a long time.

In addition, the trees are resistant to low temperatures, they can survive small, short frosts. The rooting rate of cuttings is extremely low, therefore, in home citrus growing propagated only by cuttings or sowing seeds. The yield is high, from an adult, perennial tree, even in an apartment, you can remove up to a hundred fruits in a year!

We made sure that Kovano Vasyo is rightfully considered one of the best tangerines for indoor breeding. Properly caring for the plant, you can enjoy its beauty, while at the same time taking good harvests of sweet fruits!

Tangerines and hybrids \ Citrus reticulata \ Citrus deliciosa \ Citrus unshiu

Mandarin "Satsuma" variegated 600 rub

C. unshiu "Foliis variegatis"

A rare, variegated variety of mandarin. The fruits are medium and large (for tangerines) in size, juicy, with a good balance of sugar and acids. At the beginning of maturation, they have a striped color, when fully ripe, they acquire a characteristic variety - orange. There are no seeds. The peel is bright orange, easily separated from the pulp, thin.

Mandarin "Miagawa" 500 rub

C. unshiu "Miagawa" \ satsuma "Miagawa"

The variety is very productive, is currently very common and well-known. The fruits are large, pitted, with a thin and smooth skin. Juicy, with a good balance of sugar and acids, sweet, excellent quality. Variety early term maturation.

Mandarin "Miagawa" nucellar 00 500 rub

C. unshiu "Miagawa nucellare" \ "Miagawa 00"

An early maturing mutation of the unshiu "Miyagawa" mandarin originates from Japan. It ripens 14 days earlier than the usual "Miagawa" - already in the first half of September. Tree or shrub of small stature. The fruits are spherical, sometimes flattened, large, about 130 g, with a thin, rich orange, well-separated peel. The pulp is of excellent taste, low in acid, sweet and very juicy. It consists of 8-10 segments, without seeds. Fruits can hang on a tree for a long time without deteriorating taste.

Mandarin "Abkhaz early ripe" 500 rub

C.unshiu

Grown on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. The trees are undersized, the leaves are 7.0-8.5 cm long, 3-4.5 cm wide, oval or rhombic; petioles are short, bordered. The fruits are large, up to 5.5 cm in diameter, with a thin, bright orange, well-separated peel and juicy sweet and sour pulp. Fruit ripening begins in mid-October.

Mandarin "Iwasaki" 500 rub

C. unshiu "Iwasaki" \ Satsuma mandarin

Belongs to the group of the earliest ripe tangerines in the world - Iwasaki. The ripening period is from the first decade of September to the first decade of October. It is a mutation of the "Okitsu" mandarin that originated in Japan. Tree of vigorous growth, without thorns. A "weeping" form of growth typical of the Unshiu group. Fruits of excellent quality, with harmonious taste.

Mandarin "Hashimoto" 500 rub

C. unshiu "Hashimoto"

It originates in Japan and belongs to the very early ripening group of Unshiu mandarins - "Goko Wase". It was discovered in 1963 by M. Hashimoto as the sport of "Matsuyama", in Tomange and Aichi. Bonsai or shrub with thorns and elongated, dark green leaves. Requires a minimum amount of soil. Very early fruiting. Fruits typical of Unshiu, slightly flattened, large (similar to "Okitsu" fruit). The peel is dark orange, rather thin, easily removed. The pulp is juicy, sweet and aromatic. It is one of the few Unshiu varieties cultivated in Spain, where it ripens from the beginning of September. Therefore, from a commercial point of view, it is more interesting than, for example, "Okitsu" (which has somewhat more delicious fruits). The fruits quickly lose quality, remaining on the tree. The variety prefers rather poor sandy soils and feels great in a pot culture.

Mandarin "Xi-Shan" 1200 rub

C. unshiu "Xie Shan" Satsuma mandarin

Xie Shan- Chinese translation original Japanese name "Wakayama". An early ripe variety from China. It has a unique taste and aroma that is different from other Satsuma. With the start of harvest in mid-September, "Xie Shan" along with "Miagawa" is included in the group of new, completely seedless, super-early Satsu.

Mandarin "Kartuli-Saadreo" 500 rub

C. unshiu "Kartuli Saadreo"

Dwarf variety of domestic selection, prone to vertical growth. Bud mutation of cultivar "Forged". High-yielding, early maturing variety, early fruiting. The pulp is sweet, juicy, with a good balance of sugar and acids.

Mandarin "Dekopon" \ "Dekopan" \ Citrus "Sumo" 2000r

Citrus "Sumo" \ tangerine "Shiranui" \ "Dekopon"

"Dekopon" is another name for "Shiranui" mandarin, a Japanese hybrid of "Kiyomi" tangor and "Ponkan" mandarin, triploid. Also known as "Sumo" in the US and "Hallabong" in Korea. It is also grown in China and Brazil (here called "Kinsei"). It is considered one of the most delicious hybrid tangerines. For a long time it was banned from export from Japan. The plant is medium-sized, upright, the branches at a young age have thorns. The leaf is small, with a narrow lionfish. The fruits are large, the size of a grapefruit with a distinct neck. Their surface is rough, orange when fully ripe. The taste has the perfect balance of sugar and acid. The variety is late. Ripens in January-March. After shooting, the fruits are recommended to be kept in storage for about 14 days to improve their taste.

Mandarin "Mandared" 2500r

Mandarin "Mandared" \ Red flesh tangerine

Mandared, the first red-fleshed mandarin, is a new triploid hybrid produced by crossing 'Nules' clementine (2x) x Tarocco orange (4x). , petiole of medium length, similar to that of "Tarocco".
The taste is intermediate between clemenetine and Tarocco orange. The fruits are absorbed best performance parent plants. The shape is flattened, the average weight is about 170 g, the peel is fine-grained, dark orange in color. The pulp is pigmented, sweet, incredibly juicy. For the flesh to acquire an intensely bloody hue, daily temperature fluctuations are necessary. Ripening later, harvesting begins in mid-February and lasts until April.

Mandarin "Yosemite Gold"

C. reticulata "Yosemite Gold TM" (TDE4) \ Mandarin Hybrid

Yosemite Gold TM (TDE4) - hybrid (tangor "Temple" x 4n "Dancy" mandarin) x "Encore" mandarin, triploid. A recently released (2002) tangerine cultivar developed under the UC Riverside Citrus Breeding Program. The tree grows intensively both vertically and in width, tends to alternate fruiting. Large fruits have an attractive smooth dark orange peel, relatively thin. The flesh is pitted, bright orange, finely textured and juicy. The aroma is rich and sweet. The season of "Yosemite Gold" TM (TDE4) is January-mid-March, and the fruits keep well on the tree until April.

Mandarin "Kinnow" 500 rub

C. reticulata "kinnow" \ Ibrid tangor "King" x mandarin "Willowleaf"

A hybrid variety, bred at the University of California, Riverside (Howard B. Frost Research Center 1915 - 1925).

"King" x "Mediterranean". It is currently the number one industrial tangerine variety grown in Pakistan (up to 70% of all tangerines), and is also grown in India, California and Arizona. A tree with a vertical growth pattern, the branches are thin, long, drooping with almost no thorns. The leaves are medium in size, leathery, shiny, shaped like a spearhead. Fruits of medium size (4.5-7cm), rounded, slightly flattened, which can weigh up to 70-100g. The peel is thin, very smooth, shiny, tightly fitting. The pulp is very juicy (up to 43%), fragrant and very sweet. The fruit consists of 12 segments with a large number of polyembryonic seeds. The ripening period is usually from December to February, and the fruits can remain on the tree for a long time without loss of quality. The fruits can be found on sale under the name "Honey".

Mandarin "Ponkan" 1200 rub

C. reticulata "Ponkan"

The fruits are large, from spherical to slightly flattened, with a short neck, often depressed from below, with radial grooves, sometimes with an umbilicus. The peel is of medium thickness, slightly adjacent to the pulp, relatively smooth, with numerous crevices, orange when ripe. The pulp is orange, fragrant, tender, sweet, with a slight acidity, juicy, melting in the mouth.

Tangerine "Royal" 1200r

C. deliciosa "Geleking" \ Citrus nobilis "Geleking" \ "Yellow King"

Synonym of Citrus nobilis "Yellow King". There is little information about this mandarin. Belongs to the so-called group of "noble" mandarins. It most likely comes from Suriname from the group of Indo-Chinese or Cambodian mandarins. Some characteristics of this mandarin allow us to say that it is a natural tangor, i.e. hybrid between mandarin and orange. The fruits of this tangerine are large (the largest tangerines known to us). The peel is thick (and very thick as for tangerines), fits snugly to the pulp but is peeled; bumpy surface. Skin color yellow-orange to orange.

Mandarin "Clementor"

C. deliciosa "Clemendor"
The plant is vigorous, spherical and dense crown, similar to the Mediterranean tangerine plant. The leaves are small and lanceolate. Clymendorus needs an annual shearing to produce fruits of the stated size. Fruits of small caliber have a slightly flattened shape at two poles. They are sweet and very flavorful. The fruits are harvested from January to March, they retain their flavor on the tree, remaining juicy even if too ripe and hanging on the tree for a long time.

Mandarin "Cami" 500 rub

C. deliciosa "Cami"

A hybrid developed under a cross-breeding program (targeted cross-breeding with desired characteristics or without undesirable characteristics...), obtained in Acireale in 1973 by crossing, indicated as follows: monoembryonic hybrid 50-15 A-6 (C. clementina Comune x C . deliciosa Avana) x Mapo tangelo. (released in 1992 - Italy). Medium sized tree, leaves similar to 'Avana' (aka 'Mediterranean') mandarin, branches are rounded and grow without thorns at the ends. The fruit is spherical, spheroidal, rounded, 6-7 cm in diameter and about 120-150 g in weight, has a very hard, thin and smooth orange peel. The fruits change color at the end of November and can be harvested from mid-December to February-March. The pulp is very juicy, sweet-sour taste, has a pleasant aroma. The plant is sterile, in the absence of cross-pollination, the fruits are without seeds.

Mandarin "Kara"

C. deliciosa "Kara"

Considered a natural hybrid between 'Owari' Satsuma Mandarin and 'King' Mandarin. Ripening early. Sweet taste with moderate acidity, easy to clean. The size depends on the number of fruits on the tree (50-60mm in diameter), there are seeds.

Mandarin "Avano Apirena" 500 rub

C. deliciosa "Avana Apireno"

Fruits from small to medium 4.5-6.5 cm, weight 70-80 g, spherical, slightly flattened, with a wrinkled neck. The peel is orange, thin. The pulp is orange-pinkish, juicy, sweet with a pleasant aroma.

Tangerine "Tardivo di Ciaculli" \ "Ciaculli" 500 rub

C. deliciosa cv. "Avana Tardivo di Ciaculli"

A late Italian variety, a natural mutation of the main "Mediterranean" variety, discovered near Palermo. Flattened fruits. The peel is thin, well separated from the pulp, dark orange, with a pronounced aroma of essential oils. The pulp is of the same color, sweet, delicate taste and aroma, the slices are small, without seeds. The tree is very elegant, with small leaves, overgrows evenly.

Mandarin "Tardivo di Ciaculli" nucellar \ "Ciaculli" 500 rub

C. deliciosa "Avana Tardivo di Ciaculli nucellare" 60-22A-2

Late variety, ripening February-March. The pulp is juicy, fragrant.

Mandarin "Ciaculli piccolo" \ "Ciaculli" 500 rub

C. reticulata "Ciaculli piccolo" \ Small Ciaculli mandarin

Ciaculli \ Ciaculli is a remote suburb of Palermo, Sicily, Italy, located near the suburb of Croceverde. Piccolo = small - small. Ciaculli tangerines \ Ciaculli are sweet, very fragrant, thin-skinned tangerines, one of the most famous in Sicily. They are grown on only 200 hectares by small farmers. Ciacculli tangerines are listed as unique Slow Food products.

Mandarin "Pixie" \ Tangerine 500r

Citrus reticulata "Pixie" \ C. reticulata "Pix Mandi" \ Pixie tangerines \ Pixie mandarin

Pixie is the result of free pollination by Kincy (King X Dancy) which took place in 1927 and was released in 1965. The tree is vigorous, mostly upright growth. The fruits are usually globular or slightly flattened, and sometimes have a neck. The rind is yellow-orange in color and easy to peel. The flesh is pitted, orange, juicy. The taste is soft and sweet. The fruits ripen at the end of winter and can hang on the tree for a very long time.

Mandarin hybrid "Temple X Dancy" 1200 rub

Temple X Dancy mandarin hybrid

The crown is compact, dense, not weeping. Spines are absent or extremely rare. The lionfish is narrow, the leaf is similar in shape to a tangerine. The fruits are spherical, the peel is thin, slightly rough texture, orange when ripe. The taste is sweet and sour, the seeds are present.

Mandarin "Keraji" 500 rub

C. "Keraji" \ mandarino "Keraji"

Fruits are small to medium, flattened at the poles, with a groove underneath. Unlike other tangerines, the peel yellow color. Thin, easily separated from the pulp. The pulp is amber-yellow, sweet, juicy, with a honey flavor. The variety is early, fruitful.

Mandarin "Cleopatra" 500 rub

C. reshni\mandarino Cleopatra

Mandarin "Cleopatra" comes from India. The tree is compact, with a rounded crown, without thorns. Leaves are small and narrow. Flowers white, small. All year round it looks very decorative, due to the beautiful lush crown, remontant flowering and fruiting. Fruit small size, spherical, strongly flattened above and below, outwardly similar to clementine fruits. The peel is thin, easily separated from the pulp. When unripe, the peel is orange-green in color, the flesh is sour in taste, it is better to wait until fully ripe. When fully ripe, the skin is orange-red. The texture of the pulp is soft and juicy, the taste is sweet and sour, closer to sweet. The variety is remontant, grows well and bears fruit in room conditions.

Triploid "Clara" 600 rub

Ibrido triploide "Clara"

Triploid hybrid obtained in 1980 by crossing clementine "Monreal" and orange "Tarocco" tetraploide. The tree is not very vigorous, occasionally there are thorns. The fruits are large, usually obovate, slightly flattened, turning bright orange when ripe. The flesh is slightly pigmented and very juicy, seeds are absent. The taste is similar to Tarocco, but sweeter. The main wave of flowering in spring, fruit ripening from mid-January to late February.

Triploid "Camel" 600r

Ibrido triploide "Camel"

Triploid hybrid of clementine "Nules" and tetraploid mandarin "Avana", produced in the 1990s, in Acireale, from a study started in 1978. The tree is similar to the 'Avana' mandarin but has spines and a more vigorous growth rate. Medium sized fruit, pale orange, easy to peel. It usually ripens from December to January. The taste is a mixture of mandarin "Avana" and clementine.

Mandarin "Fremont"

C. deliciosa "Freemont"

Mandarin "Michal"

C. reticulata "Michal"

Mandarin "Michal" is considered a natural hybrid of clementine "Commune" and tangerine "Dancy". Ripens October to December (November to January). The variety is early ripening, the fruits are of good quality, easy to clean. Among the shortcomings of this variety, its tendency to variable fruiting, small fruit size and a variable number of seeds are noted. Distinctive feature varieties is a clear dependence of the size of the fruit on their number on the tree. Bright orange fruits are very decorative. The pulp of the fruit also has a bright orange color and a pronounced aroma. The pulp is very tasty and aromatic (juice up to 44%), some acids and a few seeds (average 6).

Mandarin "Carvalhaise"

C. deliciosa "Carvalhal"

An early variety of hybrid origin, one of the parents is called the Mediterranean mandarin (C. deliciosa). Cultivated in Portugal and sometimes exported to European countries. An upright, upright tree with long, pointed leaves. The fruits are medium or large, usually spherical or oval in shape and have a thick, strong, well-fitting orange peel (on ripe fruits). The fruit pulp is very juicy, slightly acidic and contains many polyembryonic seeds. A mature fruit can hang on a tree for a very long time without any significant quality loss.

Mandarin "Palazzelli"

C. deliciosa "Palazzelli"

Plant with a dense crown, very vigorous, with small thorns. The leaves are similar to clementine, the flowers are medium-small. The fruit is oval in shape, with a roughly wrinkled surface, average weight 110-120 g, medium to large size. The peel is of medium thickness, the partitions are thin and tender, on average it consists of 10 segments, the pulp is juicy, with a large number of seeds. Very prolific, with alternating fruiting. Late variety, ripens from February to June.

Mandarin "Nova" \ Clementine "Nova" \ Tangelo "Nova" 500 rub

C. deliciosa "Nova" \ C. clementina "Nova" \ C. tangelo "Nova"

Nova mandarin is related to Lee, Osceola and Robinson mandarins. In Europe it is called "Clemenvilla". A hybrid of Clementine 'Fina' and Tangelo 'Orlando'. In 1971 it was brought to Europe, where it received the name "Clemenvilla". The tree grows quickly and may have thorns. Fruits of the average size 110-140 gr. The peel is orange-red, smooth, of medium thickness, tightly attached to the pulp. The flesh is bright orange, tender, juicy. The taste is sweet, with a pleasant balance of sugar and acid, with a rich taste. On mixed plantings, the fruits may have few seeds. In isolated plantings, fruits without seeds. The fruits are used to make marmalade of the highest quality with a rich sweet taste.

Mandarin "Pectinata"

C. deliciosa "Pectinata"

Pavlovsky Mandarin 500r

(Pomeranian)

Known under the names Pavlovsky tangerine \ Pavlovsky orange. This name is most likely due to the simultaneous similarity of orange fruits with orange and tangerine fruits. In fact, Pavlovian orange refers to oranges, or bitter oranges. Leaves without lionfish are similar to tangerine. Flowering and fruiting is abundant, remontant. The petals are slightly purple in color. The fruits are bright orange in color, there are many fruits and in appearance / size they are more like tangerine fruits. The peel is easily separated from the pulp. The pulp is fresh in taste, juicy. A bitter taste may be present if there was little sunlight during the ripening process. Thus, the fruits of summer ripening have a sweetish taste, without bitterness.

Citrus reticulata) - evergreen flowering plant and its fruit. Mandarins belong to the class dicotyledonous, order sapindotsvetnye, rue family, genus citrus.

The word "tangerine" has Spanish roots: mondar in Spanish means "to peel", and the pulp of a tangerine, in comparison with other citrus fruits, easily leaves the peel. The Spaniards gave this fruit the name mandarino, after which the word got into the Russian language.

Mandarin - description, characteristics, photo. How do tangerines grow?

Mandarin is evergreen tree, reaching a height of 4 meters, although the height of a 30-year-old tree can reach up to 5 m, and the harvest can be from 5 to 7 thousand fruits.

The mandarin has a rather sprawling, rounded crown, the diameter of which can exceed 3.5 meters. The bark of the tangerine tree is light gray and the young shoots are dark green. Mandarin leaves are small, leathery, pointed or ovate, and do not change color during the season. Each leaf lives for about 4 years.

Mandarin flowers are often solitary or collected in pairs and are located in the axils of the leaves.

The flowering of the tree occurs from April to early summer, then the tree looks especially beautiful: the crown of the tangerine seems to be wrapped in a cloud of white or cream inflorescences that emit a bright, pleasant aroma, somewhat similar to the smell of bergamot.

Tangerines are self-fertile plants and are pollinated by their own pollen, as a result of which many ovaries are formed, and fruits begin to develop. Mandarin is a fairly early-growing tree, and gives the first crop 3-4 years after planting. The first growth of shoots occurs at the beginning of spring, the second wave of growth begins in mid-August.

The formation of fruits occurs on the second last year's growth or on the first of this year. Tangerines ripen in October, and in December the harvest is completely removed. Thus, tangerines grow and bear fruit within 7 months.

Mandarin differs from other citruses in its thin, easily detachable orange peel, and in a number of varieties the skin and pulp are separated by an air layer and practically do not touch each other.

The size of mandarin fruits is from 4 to 6 cm in diameter, and due to the flattened shape, the width of the fruit noticeably exceeds its height. Each mandarin fruit consists of several nests - slices, usually 10-12, each of which contains 1-2 seeds.

Some varieties of tangerines do not contain seeds at all.

The structure of the yellow-orange pulp of mandarin is similar to many citrus fruits (orange, lemon, orange) and is represented by numerous juice-containing sacs - spindle-shaped hairs filled with juice.

This structure is called hesperidium - one of the forms of a berry-like fruit.

About 600-800 fruits are obtained from one plant per year, with age, fruiting becomes more abundant.

On average, a tangerine tree lives for about 70 years.

Where do tangerines grow?

The homeland of mandarin is southern China and Cochin China (southeast of the Indochina peninsula). At present, orange fruits are widely cultivated not only in their homeland, but also in India, South Korea, Japan, Turkey, Morocco, Egypt, Iran, USA, Abkhazia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Spain, southern France, Italy, Brazil and other countries with a favorable climate for this culture.

Calorie content of mandarin

The calorie content of mandarin is 53 kcal per 100 grams of product.

Nutritional value of tangerine

Water - 85.17 g,

Proteins - 0.81 g,

Fats - 0.31 g,

Carbohydrates - 13.34 g,

Dietary fiber - 1.8 g.

Tangerines - benefit and harm

Beneficial features

Thanks to the rich chemical composition tangerine is considered very useful fruit. Tangerines have long and firmly established themselves as the main source of vitamins needed by the body in the cold season. The juicy pulp of mandarin contains the following substances:

• vitamins of group B, A, C, E, rutin;
• organic acids (including citric and folic) and sugars;
• minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, zinc.
• phytoncides with antifungal and bactericidal properties.

Mandarin pulp and juice improve appetite, and due to the low calorie content, fruits can be consumed without fear for their figure.

The peel of tangerines contains 1-2% tangerine essential oil, as well as biological pigments, including carotene. These substances stimulate the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, contributing to better digestion of food. The peel also contains glycosides, which have a beneficial effect on the state of blood vessels.

A decoction of dried mandarin peel calms the nervous system, and also has expectorant properties and helps with lung diseases (bronchitis, tracheitis). Rubbing mandarin pulp on the affected areas of the skin and nails helps to get rid of the fungus.

Mandarin bones have also found their application in medicine:

• Potassium and sodium, which are contained in mandarin seeds, strengthen the cardiovascular system.
• Vitamins B and C prevent the development of heart attacks and strokes.
• Vitamin A is involved in the formation of collagen and prevents the development of skin diseases.
• Mandarin seeds are rich in polyphenols, the main function of which is to suppress the development of cancer.

Contraindications

Be careful! People suffering from chronic diseases of the stomach and kidneys should use tangerines with extreme caution. It is not recommended to use tangerines for the following diseases:

• Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum;
• Gastritis with high acidity;
• Enteritis;
• Colitis;
• Cholecystitis;
• Hepatitis;
• Acute nephritis;
• Diabetes;
• Allergy to citrus fruits.

Types of tangerines, varieties and photos

A single generally accepted classification of tangerines does not currently exist, so below is one of the many classifications of this fruit. In 1955 V.P. Alekseev identified 7 main groups of tangerines:

1. unshiu or satsuma ( Citrus unshiu)

actively grown in Russia and Europe as houseplant, and also cultivated in the Crimea. The main advantage of this citrus is resistance to low temperatures and full ripening even with a lack of sunlight.

Mandarin Unshiu is a low tree that grows outdoors up to 2-3 meters in height, and as a houseplant - no more than 1.5 meters in height. The shoots of the spreading crown are slightly drooping, the mandarin leaves are leathery, dense, elongated-oval in shape, with visible veins. Unshiu fruits are distinguished by a thin, yellowish-orange skin with greenery. Mandarin unshiu enters fruiting at the age of 3 years. Flowering occurs in May, when the tree is covered with numerous clusters of white oblong flowers, collected in 4-6 pieces. In October, flattened fruits with an easily detachable peel and a weight of about 70 g appear. Unshiu mandarin fruits do not contain seeds, so the main method of reproduction of these plants is grafting onto another plant of the genus citrus.

Apogamous seedlings of mandarin unshiu gave birth to the following zoned varieties:

• • Pioneer 80 - cold-resistant variety of mandarins, intended for cultivation in the Krasnodar Territory. A tree up to 4.5 meters high with a spreading pyramidal crown gives a harvest in the second half of November. The fruits are distinguished by a thin, easily detachable orange skin, tender flesh and a sour-sweet taste. The shape of the fruit is round-flat, and the weight is about 60-80 g;
  • Sochi 23 - early ripe, high-yielding variety of mandarins with large, fragrant orange fruits with sweet pulp with a slight sourness. Fruit weight is 65-80 grams. The shape of the fruit is pear-shaped-flat or rounded-flat. This variety of mandarins is grown in Georgia and the Krasnodar Territory.

1. Citrus austere

a group of mandarin varieties of Chinese origin, which are distinguished by a rich red-orange skin color and a sweeter taste than unshiu mandarins. All varieties of the Chinese group are different high content sugar (up to 13%) and low acid content.

One of the best known varieties of this group is tangerine(lat. Citrus Tangerina)- a low compact tree with a dense crown and narrow leaves. Tangerine ripens earlier than mandarin unshiu, has a thicker peel and, like unshiu, does not contain seeds. The fruiting period lasts from October to April. In addition to red-orange fruits, varieties of tangerine with a green color of the peel are bred. Compared to mandarin, the citrus aroma of tangerine is less pronounced. The taste of the fruit is sweeter than that of an orange. The fruits themselves are easily peeled and divided into slices. Today, the main supplier of tangerines is the United States, where this plant is cultivated for the production of oil from the peel of the fruit. A small number of tangerines are grown in Italy, on the island of Sicily.

1. Citrus deliciosa

a Chinese-Mediterranean group, whose members have a similar morphology to the Chinese group. One of the famous varieties is willow leaf tangerine- a tree with a compact crown and dense dark green lanceolate leaves, up to 8 cm long and about 3 cm wide. The fruits are medium in size, about 6-7 cm in diameter, have an oval-flattened shape.

1. Citrus reticulata

Sino-Indian varietal group of mandarins, which are of great industrial importance in China and India. The most popular is golden tangerine or poncan ( Citrus chrysocarpa), known in India as suntara (Suntara, Ponkan)- a variety of large orange tangerines of a round or oblong shape, some specimens have a navel. The peel is of medium thickness, easily lagging behind, the pulp is juicy, tender, sweet and sour, the bones are small and few. The fruiting period is December and January. It grows in China, India, Brazil, Taiwan and the Philippines.

1. Mandarin noble (royal) ( Citrus nobilis)

Indochinese-Malay group. A distinctive feature of the varieties are large fruits, thick bumpy peel and excellent, sweet taste of the pulp. The best varieties of tangerines:

• • Siamese King (King);
  • Uvatin-mikan;
  • Tsao-tse.

1. Group of small-fruited tangerines, or the Sino-Japanese varietal group, includes varieties popular among lovers of growing tangerines at home:
   • Shiva mikan (sour taste);
   • Mukaku-kishiu (sweet);
   • Kishiu (sweet).

1. Mandarin hybrids

this is a group of hybrid forms, including many varieties, bred by selective crossing of mandarin with different types and varieties of citrus fruits. Below is a description of some mandarin hybrids.

Mandarin hybrids, photos, names and descriptions

Calamondin or citrofortunella(Citrofortunella mic rocarpa )

a hybrid of mandarin and kumquat (kinkana, fortunella). It is a highly ornamental plant with small leaves and white, fragrant flowers that attract bees. The height of calamondin can reach 6 meters. At home, the tree grows up to 60-150 cm. Calamondin fruits have a diameter of 25-45 mm, they are orange, similar to tangerines, but with a thinner, sweetish-tasting peel and sour pulp in which the seeds are located. Calamondin fruits are edible.

Rangpur ( Citrus rangpuriensis)

a hybrid of mandarin and lime, according to other sources - a hybrid of mandarin and lemon, called limandarin. The supposed homeland of this citrus is India, and due to its high drought resistance and productivity, rangpur is cultivated in some regions for its fruit. The tree, 2.5 to 5 m high, produces small fruits about 5 cm in diameter, with a thin dark orange skin and very sour orange flesh.

Clementine (Citrus clementina)

a hybrid of mandarin and king orange from the subspecies of cinotto (orange), is a tree up to 5 m high, grown in long dense alleys. The shape of the fruit clementine is similar to mandarin, but has a sweeter taste. The second variety of clementines, a product of hybridization of mandarin and bitter Seville orange, is distinguished by small fruits with a hard, poorly lagging peel.

Clementines are divided into 3 main types:

• Corsican, devoid of seeds, is easily recognizable by its bright, orange-red color and a pair of leaves adorning each fruit.
• Spanish represented by 2 varieties: with relatively small and rather large fruits containing from 2 to 10 seeds.
• Montreal- the rarest clementine grown in Spain and Algeria, the pulp of which contains from 10 to 12 seeds.

a hybrid of tangerine and grapefruit (or pomelo). Tangelo trees are characterized by strong growth and good frost resistance. Round fruits, resembling a medium-sized orange, have an orange, easily removable peel, yellowish-orange flesh and a pleasant taste with a slight sourness. The most famous tangelo variety is Mineola.

Thornton (English)Thornton tangelo)

one of the varieties of tangelo, is a hybrid of tangerine and grapefruit. First grown in 1899. Almost round and rather large fruits have a diameter of about 8 cm and are covered with a bright orange peel. The rind of the fruit is quite thick. Thornton pulp is yellow-orange, tender, juicy, sweet, with a slight sourness.

the closest relative of the tangelo, a hybrid of the 'Dancy' mandarin and the 'Duncan' grapefruit. Mineola fruits are distinguished by a rounded, slightly flattened shape with an elongated neck, up to 8 cm in diameter and a thin skin of a rich reddish-orange color. Juicy pulp contains from 7 to 12 small seeds. Mineola has an excellent citrus aroma and a refreshing sweet and sour taste. The main suppliers of mineola are Israel, Turkey, China and the US state of Florida.

Tangor

hybrid of tangerine and sweet orange. Tangor is a rather large fruit with a diameter of up to 15 cm. It is distinguished by a slightly flattened shape, a dense porous red-orange rind and fragrant sweet and sour pulp. One of the varieties of tangor is ellendale.

Mandor (mandora) (eng.Mandora)

natural tangor, a hybrid of mandarin and sweet orange. It grows in Cyprus, but originally appeared in Jamaica. The fruit is similar to mandarin and clementine, but unlike clementine contains seeds. The shape of the fruit is round, slightly flattened. The peel is thin, bright orange in color, easily separated. The pulp of the fruit is tender, very juicy, sweet, with a slight sourness. The plant bears fruit from January to mid-April.

hybrid of mandarin, tangerine and orange. The large orange-red fruits are characterized by a thin, easy-to-peel skin, no or few seeds, a refreshing taste and a delicate citrus aroma. The juicy pulp of Ellendale has a rich dark orange color and a pleasant sweet taste.

a hybrid of mandarin and three-leafed poncirus, whose small fruits are unsuitable for consumption due to their unpleasant taste, but are used for the industrial production of vitamin drinks. The peel of the fruit is rather thin, rough, orange in color. The pulp is orange, juicy. Some citrandarines do not have seeds.

a hybrid of clementine and orlando, the fruits of which are characterized by a rich orange color and tasty sweet pulp. Fruits can have both medium and large sizes.

ugly, he is ugly fruit

a hybrid of mandarin, orange and grapefruit, the name of which is translated from English as "ugly". Not particularly beautiful agli fruit, up to 15 cm in diameter, is distinguished by a rough, wrinkled skin of a greenish-yellow or reddish color, easily separated from the pulp. Agli has a light grapefruit taste and excellent citrus aroma. Cultivated in the USA and Jamaica.

Ichandarin

it is a tangerine crossed with a citrus called ichang papeda. The fruits of the hybrid have a rather sour taste. Among the inchandarins, several varieties are distinguished, for example, yuzu and sudachi.

• Yuzu. Ripe yuzu fruits are yellow in color, from 7 to 10 cm or more in diameter, sour, with a small amount of dry pulp, smell like a combination of grapefruit and tangerine.
• Sudachi. Ripe sudachi fruits are yellowish-orange in color, have a lime or lemon aroma, but with a "softer" citrus note. Sudachi is not consumed as a delicacy fruit, using its green fruits as a seasoning in the preparation of fish, mushrooms and national Japanese dishes.

On the left is an inchandarin yuzu, on the right is an ordinary mandarin. Photo credit: Mycomp

Orangequat (eng.Nippon orangequat)

a hybrid of unshiu mandarin and kumquat that grows in Hawaii. Slightly elongated fruit of medium size, smaller than a mandarin, but larger than a kumquat. The circumference of the fruit is 2-4 cm. The thick, spongy rind has a sweet taste and is orange or red-orange in color. The pulp of the oranzhekvat is juicy, sour, with a slight note of bitterness. Contains seeds. The plant can withstand temperatures down to -12 degrees Celsius.

Pomeranian (bigaradia, kinotto) (Citrus aurantium )

hybrid of mandarin and pomelo. Medium-sized, 6-7 cm in diameter, slightly flattened fruits are practically not used fresh because of the very strong, sharp aroma and bitter-sour pulp. The peel of an orange is bright orange, bumpy. In perfumery, essential oils from flowers and leaves of orange are used, the zest and juice of the fruit are used in cooking, as well as in the production of tinctures and liqueurs.

Meyer Lemon (Citrus meyerii )

a hybrid of lemon and orange or lemon and tangerine. The fruits are quite large, rounded, with a thin skin of a rich yellow color, which, when ripe, acquires a light orange tint. The flesh is juicy, less acidic than a regular lemon, dark yellow in color and contains seeds.

Kabosu (kabusu) (eng.Kabosu, Citrus sphaerocarpa )

This is the result of crossing the Ichang Papeda and the Pomeranian. The fruit is grown in China and is popular in Japan. national cuisine. The fruits are medium-sized, about 5.2 cm in diameter, yellow when ripe with dark yellow flesh, with a sour, tart taste and lemon aroma. One fruit contains about 17 seeds. It is used as a seasoning, often unripe, when the skin of the cabosu is still green. Gives dishes a unique flavor.

Homemade mandarin, varieties and photos

To grow mandarin as an ornamental houseplant, breeders have bred many undersized varieties and hybrids. Some are more decorative, and their fruits are unsuitable for consumption, others are distinguished by good consumer qualities, which allows you to harvest in your own apartment.

The following varieties of tangerines are considered the most suitable for growing at home:

• Shiva Mikan- a neat tree with large dark green leaves. Differs in rich flowering and a predisposition to falling ovaries. Ripened fruits are small, weighing up to 30 g, sweet and sour;
• Kovano-Vase- a strong tangerine tree with a height of 80 to 180 cm, gives few side shoots, blooms profusely and bears fruit, forms tasty, orange-yellow, sweet and sour fruits for 2 years after planting. The pulp does not contain seeds;
• Unshiu- the most popular variety of the Japanese varietal group Satsuma. A tangerine tree 80-150 cm high is distinguished by flexible shoots that form a spreading crown. It enters fruiting 3-4 years after planting, with additional winter illumination can bear fruit all year round;
• Murcott is a variety of tangor, that is, a hybrid of tangerine and sweet orange. The plant bears sweet fruits, the name of which (Murcott Honey) is translated as "honey". The tree has a compact shape and yields in summer. Moorcott seedlings are expensive but easily propagated from cuttings;
• Clementine- a hybrid of mandarin and orange, comes into fruition for 2 years and brings about 50 fragrant fruits of a flattened shape.

How to grow a tangerine at home from a seed?

You can grow a tangerine at home from a seed, but it should be borne in mind that the resulting fruits, although they will retain decorative properties maternal variety, but the main taste qualities usually change for the worse or better. To preserve consumer properties, tangerines should be propagated vegetatively - by grafting or cuttings.

For planting tangerines, seeds are taken from any commercially available hybrids. Seeds should be thick, even, without deformation and damage. It is better to plant mandarin seeds immediately, without waiting for them to dry out: the faster the seed is in the ground, the higher the likelihood of its germination. There is a second option: you can pre-germinate tangerine seeds before planting. To do this, wrap the bones in gauze and moisten it with water. After a few days, the bones will swell and hatch. The main thing is to moisten the gauze with tangerine seeds as it dries.

Tangerines do not tolerate acidic soil, so it is not recommended to use peat for planting. It is better to buy ready-made soil with a neutral reaction (pH 6.5-7). You can also prepare the soil for tangerine yourself: mix 2 parts of humus (or non-acidic soil), 2 parts of forest land and 1 part of sand.

To plant seeds (seeds) of mandarin, you need to take plastic cups with a volume of 250 ml or pots with a depth of at least 7-10 cm with a hole in the bottom. It is better to prepare at least 5 containers for planting, and if a subsequent vaccination is planned, then at least 10. The number of seeds is taken appropriately.

Mandarin seeds are planted in the ground to a depth of about 4 cm. The germination time for all varieties and hybrids is different and averages from 16 to 30 days. Now it is necessary to keep the soil moist, and the ambient temperature should be within + 20-25 degrees. It is undesirable to build a temporary greenhouse, then the hatched mandarin sprouts will not experience stress. Multi-embryonic seeds can produce several sprouts from one seed, in this case, a weak sprout is pinched, or seedlings are planted in different containers.

The first transplant of homemade tangerine should be timed to coincide with the time when the roots fill the entire container, so it is convenient to plant the seeds in transparent glasses for visual observation of the root system of the seedling. To transplant a tangerine, you just need to carefully transfer it with a clod of earth into a larger pot. Before entering into fruiting, this is done annually.

Mandarin at home, care and photos

Temperature

Caring for indoor mandarin is simple. Purchased tangerine seedlings and plants grown from seed are best placed near the south or east window of the apartment. Tangerines love bright, diffused light, and shade the plant only from scorching sunlight. For normal development, an indoor tree needs an air and soil temperature of at least + 16-20 degrees in the warm season and about + 12-15 degrees in winter. The need to keep tangerine in winter at low temperatures is due to the peculiarity of the growth of the tangerine tree: if the plant is not provided with a cool winter, most of flowers will be barren.

Lighting

In winter, a home tangerine needs additional lighting, for which they use an ordinary phytolight, but gradually accustom the tree to additional light, otherwise the plant will get stressed and may shed its leaves. In summer, it is advisable to take out a tangerine tree on open air, in a place protected from drafts. On hot days and during the flowering period, overheating of the air should not be allowed: this can lead to wilting of flowers and dropping fruits, and direct sunlight can cause leaf burns.

An important feature of growing tangerines is the one-sided illumination of the plant. Any citrus trees you can not often turn or rearrange from place to place, as they get used to lighting from one side. Otherwise, the metabolism of nutrients is disturbed, which leads to a massive fall of mandarin leaves, and sometimes to the death of the plant.

How to water a tangerine?

In summer and spring, homemade tangerines are especially demanding on moisture, so the tree should be watered every other day. In winter, watering the tangerine is reduced to 1 time per week. Water for irrigation must be defended or passed through a kitchen filter, and before watering, make sure that the water is warm.

Air humidity and spraying

Humidity is very important for indoor mandarin, so in winter the tree is sprayed once a day, but only if the air in the apartment is very dry. In summer, mandarin is sprayed several times a day, and a container of water should always be near the plant. When spraying a fruit-bearing tree, make sure that water does not fall on the flowers.

Mandarin transplant

Young trees need an annual transplant, for this they use turf, leafy soil and sand in a ratio of 2: 1: 1. After fruiting, the tangerine tree is transplanted 1 time in 2-3 years, increasing the width of the pot by 4-6 cm.

top dressing

Intensive feeding of indoor tangerine is carried out from March to September, when vegetative and generative buds develop. For this, a complex mineral fertilizer with a high content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as mullein manure, diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10. Mandarin should be fed 1 time in 10 days, alternating fertilizers. In winter, the plant needs only one top dressing per month.

Stimulation of fruiting

Often, homemade tangerines grown from seeds need to stimulate fruiting: if the tree does not bloom for 5-6 years after planting, take a small piece copper wire and wrap the trunk just above the root neck so that the wire strongly squeezes the bark. The movement of juice will be disturbed, and the tree should "think" about fruiting.

After 6 months, the wire is removed, and the damaged area is covered with garden pitch. The method will work in the case when the tree must have overwintered in a cool room, and its crown is sufficiently formed and has shoots of the 4th and 5th orders.

Mandarin care during flowering

Caring for a tangerine tree during the flowering period consists in strengthening phosphorus-potassium supplements and reducing nitrogen. Usually, the mandarin itself regulates the number of ovaries and dumps the extra ones, but 1 fruit for every 15-20 leaves is considered a feasible load, it is better to remove the rest of the flowers and ovaries. Cracking of ripening fruits is observed in 2 cases: if the tree was watered irregularly, or an excess of nitrogen formed in the soil.

crown formation

Breeding varieties of mandarins do not need crown formation. The shoots of a tangerine tree grown from a stone are pinched, and fruit-bearing shoots with heavy fruits are tied to supports.

Mandarin grafting at home

Another way to propagate mandarin is to graft onto a stock (the plant that will be grafted onto). To do this, the thickness of the stem of the rootstock must be at least 6 mm, and the age of the rootstock must be at least 1-3 years. As a scion, a small segment of the shoot is taken from a varietal mandarin, which has one bud with a leaf. About 7 cm recede from the ground and a T-shaped incision about 2.5 cm long is made on the bark of the trees. The edges of the bark are carefully pushed aside with a knife, the petiole is placed in the cut, covered with bark, covered with garden pitch and wrapped with electrical tape. The grafted tree is determined in a greenhouse from plastic bag. An indicator of successful vaccination will be a slightly yellowed petiole and leaf fall, otherwise the grafted shoot will turn black. If successful, the greenhouse is periodically opened, and after a month the stock is cut obliquely with secateurs, 3-5 mm above the grafting site, the electrical tape is removed, and the cut is covered with garden pitch.

Mandarin diseases, description and photo

Mandarin, like other plants, is susceptible to disease and pest attacks. This is especially true for plants grown in an apartment or greenhouses. Excessively dry or, on the contrary, excessively humid air in the room, as well as an imbalance of important trace elements in the soil, often provokes various mandarin diseases:

• According to historians, the first tangerines came to Europe thanks to Alexander the Great, who in 325 BC. e. brought this exotic fruit from India for his teacher and mentor - Aristotle. For unknown reasons, the mandarin was not appreciated and was only mentioned in the annals as a "golden apple". Tangerines gained popularity only at the beginning of the 19th century.
• Approximately 95% tangerine trees grown in the CIS are the Unshu varietal group, whose representatives are distinguished by increased frost resistance.