For the gardener, autumn is not only the end of summer and harvest, but also the beginning of preparations for the new season. So that next summer the plants will delight you with healthy foliage and lush flowering, and in the fall with a rich harvest, you need to prepare the plants for a long and harsh wintering, carry out all the necessary autumn work in the garden.
In autumn, all nature prepares for hibernation. In plants, sap flow slows down, growth stops, insects, including pests, are looking for places to spend the winter: for this they try to hide under fallen leaves, in cracks in the bark; rodents move closer to the gardens. Spores of diseases accumulated over the summer remain on unharvested fruits and fallen leaves. The task of the gardener is to reduce the number of these enemies of the garden, to prevent them from overwintering.
To do this, starting from August, and in September, before the leaves fall, we collect carrion from the ground and dried (mummified) fruits from fruit trees and destroy - burn.
All fallen leaves are raked up and removed from the garden. Another option: it can be treated with a 7% urea solution to kill disease spores. In this case, the leaves are not collected, but in the spring they are buried in the ground.
On planting strawberries, dry leaves and flower stalks are removed and burned.
Fertilization and winter watering
IN trunk circles phosphate and potash fertilizers are applied for digging.
Nitrogen can no longer be used!
If there was little rain in the fall, water-charging (winter) irrigation is carried out.
Podzimny garden watering
It will help the trees to winter well. Enough moisture will accumulate in the tissues and the trees will not suffer from winter desiccation. The volume of watering should be large. If possible, simply put the hose on the ground, for example at night.
Spraying against pests and diseases
- With the beginning of the leaf fall period, the crown is sprayed with a 4-5% urea solution to prevent scab and other diseases. The solution is prepared as follows: 400-500 g of urea is dissolved in 10 liters of water.
- After leaf fall, at the end of October, fruit trees and shrubs are sprayed with a 3% solution of ferrous sulfate (300 g per 10 liters of water) to prevent the development of mosses and lichens.
- Stone fruits (cherries, plums) are sprayed with 2-3% for the prevention of fungal diseases. Bordeaux mixture or 0.4% copper chloride (1-2 times with an interval of two weeks).
- On blackcurrants, gooseberries, raspberries, we cut out and destroy the fruiting and damaged shoots, and also cut out the branches affected by powdery mildew.
- For the prevention of fungal diseases (powdery mildew, leaf spot), we treat the bushes with a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture 2-3 times with an interval of 10-14 days; it is also good to spray currants with 1-5 solution of colloidal sulfur.
- To reduce the number of overwintered pests, bushes are treated with Karbofos (75 g per 10 liters of water).
The Bordeaux mixture, which must be specially prepared before use, can be replaced with drugs such as Hom, Kuprosat, Abiga-Peak
Digging the earth and applying a deoxidizer
They dig up the earth under bushes and trees - this will help to destroy the larvae of pests that have gone to spend the winter underground. For this purpose, you can dig all the soil in the garden to a depth of 20-25 cm.
Together with autumn digging, a deoxidizer is introduced into acidic soils. It could be:
- dolomite flour (about 500 g per sq.m);
- fluff lime (500-600 g per sq. m);
- wood ash (600 g per 1 sq.m).
Liming the soil increases the winter hardiness of plants. Stone fruit crops are especially in need of lime.
Tree whitewashing and bark cleaning
In late October - early November, when the trees have entered a phase of relative dormancy, the boles and skeletal branches of fruit trees are cleaned of dead bark with a special brush.
Convenient tool for cleaning barrels - garden saw. Its teeth easily "scrape" the most stubborn parts of the bark
Together with the old bark, the trunks are cleared of disease spores and pest larvae. Scrub trunks and skeletal branches to a living green layer without fear of damaging it - scratches on the "live" contribute to the thickening of the trunk.
After such cleaning, it will be good to whitewash the trunks with special paint, which will protect the bark from sunburn and frost cracks, and adding a small amount to the whitewash blue vitriol will serve as a good prevention of fungal diseases in the coming season. Whitewash can be bought in shops. There it is of several types:
1. Whitewash based on lime and clay without special additives. Advantages: environmentally friendly, has a porous structure - the bark "breathes". disadvantages: short-lived, easily washed off by rain.
2. Special paints. Can be acrylic or water-based. Sometimes available in aerosol packaging. Advantages: they include special protective substances; stay on for a long time without rinsing. Disadvantages: dense and do not allow the plant to "breathe" well. best used on young plants.
3. Self-made whitewash. It is prepared as follows: lime fluff is diluted with water in a ratio of 200 g per 1 liter (2 kg per 10 liters), a few tablespoons of paste and 30 g of copper sulfate are added to the resulting solution.
Trees benefit from whitewashing, in which the paste is replaced by clay and mullein
At the same time, you can do sanitary pruning and wound treatment. Lubricate the largest saw cuts with garden pitch again, this will protect the wood from winter drying out.
Carry out winter water-charging watering, if not done before.
Barrel protection
An important event among the autumn work on preparing the garden for winter is the protection of the trunks of young fruit trees from the invasion of hungry rodents: mice, hares, and sometimes large animals, for example, roe deer. For such protection, stems and skeletal branches are best wrapped with a mesh: plastic or metal.
Currently on sale are special tapes for winding trunks. From improvised means, spruce branches or nylon (old stockings) are often used. The last remedy has proven itself especially well.
It is possible to use a film or roofing felt for winding trunks only if you have time to quickly remove them when warm weather sets in, otherwise the use of these products will lead to underheating and damage to the bark
In anticipation of snowfalls, branches growing at an unfortunate angle are fastened together to avoid breaking.
Preventive spraying, harvesting of damaged fruits and leaves, cleaning and whitewashing of the bark, winter watering - these are the activities that will help your garden survive the harsh winter.
Properly carried out autumn work in the garden is a guarantee good harvest and lush blooms next year.
Spring flowering and the subsequent development of the plant practically does not need to be processed, but in order to get a good result, preventive measures should be taken in the fall.
With a cold snap small insects, beetles, larvae find shelter in a warm place. In gardens, fallen leaves, bark, and soil are the favorite wintering grounds for pests. Gardeners prudently dig seedlings in the garden, carry out sanitary pruning of branches.
Since low temperatures act differently on countless pests, those insects that are located under the bark for wintering in advance are destroyed by whitewashing the trunks in late autumn.
Obsolete fragments of the bark, lichens are removed from the trunks in order to deprive insects of shelter. Usually experienced gardeners prefer to work with their hands. More mature fruit trees, whose age exceeds 6 years, are processed with metal brushes.
At the next stage, the forcedly injured areas are treated with garden putty, after which the trunks are whitewashed with a solution prepared according to the instructions.
For a more powerful effect, gardeners add insecticide to the lime composition. This method will certainly destroy pests at any stage of development (pupa, eggs, adult specimens).
Processing trees in the fall guarantees a full start of the vegetative process in the spring.
Fall gardening activities include:
The most used method of processing fruit trees with the onset of autumn contributes to:
- prevention of harmful effects on the trunk of ultraviolet;
- barrel thermoregulation, prevention of overheating or hypothermia;
- the destruction of clutches of eggs of harmful insects, located for wintering in the bark.
- Chemical spraying. After mechanical harvesting and complete fall of the leaves, the spraying method is used. Consistently irrigate the trunk, skeletal branches, crown.
- Protection of trees from rodents.
Diseases
Preparing fruit trees for winter is a responsible undertaking. It depends on the actions of the gardener how the vegetation will proceed in the spring, and what damage the pests will bring to the garden. It is important to properly treat trees and shrubs in the fall in order to minimize the problems that appear with the onset of spring.
With the onset of spring, many summer residents are faced with serious damage to trees by fungi, scab, putrefactive processes and other garden diseases. Many years of practice has taught experienced gardeners to prevent such problems by timely spraying trees in the fall.
Pests
Significant harm to seedlings of fruit trees is brought by:
- aphids, suckers, mites and psyllids - all sucking insects;
- scab, phytophthora - fungal diseases originating from development in fallen fruits and leaves;
- weevils, tube-rollers - causing serious damage to the generative organs;
- cocoonworms, volnyanka, suckers, whites - pests of leaf-gnawing.
Berry bushes should also be prepared for spring from autumn:
- aphids, mites, raspberry beetles;
- California scab - affects raspberries, currants, gooseberries;
- glass-box, raspberry gall midge, stem nematodes.
Tired of pest control?
Are there cockroaches, mice or other pests in the country house or in the apartment? They must be fought! They are carriers of serious diseases: salmonellosis, rabies.
Many summer residents are faced with pests that destroy crops and damage plants.
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- Gets rid of mosquitoes, cockroaches, rodents, ants, bedbugs
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- No addictive effect in pests
- Large area of action of the device
How to prepare plants?
When the trunks are cleaned, the leaves have fallen as much as possible and removed from under the trees, spraying begins. The last treatment is recommended to be carried out with the onset of the first frost.
The best means of processing horticultural crops are solutions of ferrous sulfate, urea, copper sulfate.
Each method solves its own specific problem and prevents the appearance of a particular pest. Treatment with one of the preparations is not very effective, the prevention of pest damage should be approached comprehensively.
inkstone
Even without a clear idea of what to process, it is worth acquiring copper sulphate:
- The drug perfectly copes with the fungus and has fungicidal properties.
- After the procedure, trees are less likely to be attacked powdery mildew, scab, spotty growths, foulbrood.
- Be sure to spray the plums with copper sulfate, as they are prone to damage by moniliosis, coccomycosis, clasterosporosis, curly.
- For apple and pear trees, this is a salvation from monioiosis, scab, phyllostictosis.
- Young seedlings (up to 6 years old) are irrigated at the rate of 2 liters per seedling, older specimens are treated with 10 liters per tree.
Note! Processing fruit seedlings held in autumn in calm weather. The temperature can vary from +5 to 30 degrees.
Urea
Treatment of plants with urea is carried out as the first or final measure:
- The first manipulation is carried out with a strong concentrate, which contributes to the destruction of the larvae.
- Work with seedlings is carried out after dropping half of the leaves.
- To prepare the solution, take: urea (500 gr.), Add to a bucket of water.
- After the leaves fall off completely, the concentration of the solution is increased.
- The composition is sprayed onto a tree (trunk, branches), ground.
- If the leaves have not yet crumbled, it is important not to burn them, not to overdo it with saturation.
To care for overgrowth, each gardener has in his arsenal a manual or mechanical apparatus with a spray pump. The difference between the models is in ease of use and price.
Also, fruit trees need watering and thick whitewash (3 mm).
To cover damage, wounds on the trunk, a mixture of cow dung and straw is used. This effective remedy from cracking. For the same purpose, garden var is used.
Tree whitewashing
There are different mixtures for whitewashing trees, of which blue compositions with the consistency of sour cream are considered to be properly prepared:
- Lime (2 kg), a bucket of water, blue vitriol (250 g). You can add clay (1 kg), cow dung (500 g). Combine everything until smooth.
- Lime (2.5 kg), blue vitriol (500 g), water (8 l). Carpentry glue (200 g) is added to the mixture. For enhanced action, the introduction of insecticides is allowed.
Note! The layer of composition applied to the barrel is from 3 mm.
Tree treatment chemicals
Means for treating plants are divided depending on the type of insect:
- attractants;
- sterilizers;
- aphicides;
- pheromones;
- attendees;
- repellents;
- insectoacaricides;
- ovicides;
- larvicides.
The choice should be based on the mechanism of action of the drugs, as some do not have a detrimental effect on eggs, or are not effective against adult pests.
Gardeners with experience use the following preparations to process the garden:
- Karbofos - from fruit mites, suckers, psyllids, moths;
- Avant - from codling moth and leafworm;
- Apollo - from fruit mites;
- Agravetrin - from moths, aphids, sawflies, codling moths;
- Karate - from gall mites.
Every year, store shelves are filled with new products to combat garden pests, respectively, the problem is relevant and requires a safe solution.
More than one generation of gardeners uses copper, inkstone, urea, lime treatment in the fall, which allows you to get a full crop of high quality.
Note! It is important not to start caring for the garden and carry out treatments in a timely manner in order to see in the spring lush bloom, and in the summer to collect juicy fruits.
The pre-winter preparation of the garden should be treated with special attention, because it depends on how the plants will be ready for spring. autumn processing pest control is aimed at combating the following factors:
frost action.
insect pests;
microorganisms - causative agents of diseases;
Artificially bred plant cultures are more in need of care than wild ones. Garden processing in the fall from pests includes the following activities:
Plant pruning
When summer is already over, it is necessary to do preventive pruning. Remove diseased shoots, branches located under acute angle and growing deep into the crown. Autumn can drag on and cause plant growth due to warm weather. There are many tops that must be removed.
For the southern regions, autumn and winter full pruning is suitable, but in the northern regions it is undesirable to do it. The cut may begin to dry out, or the bark freezes around it. This is especially true for young trees. Seedlings are cut only if the branch interferes with others.
It is important to form trees in tiers and leave the lower branches thicker than the upper ones. If one of the shoots begins to stand out among the others, it is shortened by a third more.
Tree whitewashing. Preparation
Processing the garden for the winter by whitewashing tree trunks is necessary step preparation for the cold.
They are cleaned of old bark and moss with a scraper and an iron brush. To prevent pests from falling to the ground, a cloth or film should be laid under the tree. Cracks in the bark must be repaired with garden pitch. Whitewash mixes are sold ready-made. You can use homemade ingredients.
Ingredients for whitewashing
The ratio of the components of the mixture for whitewashing:
slaked lime - 3 kg;
copper sulfate - 450 g;
casein glue - 80 g;
water - until the consistency of sour cream is reached.
Another old and reliable recipe:
slaked lime - 2 kg;
copper sulfate - 250 g;
clay - 1 kg;
cow dung - 1 kg.
The presence of lime and clay in the suspension makes the coating gas-permeable. You can also use acrylic and water-based paints.
positive action
When cleaning the bark and applying a protective layer, it will be reliably cleared of harmful insects and microorganisms. Autumn processing of the garden from pests allows you to burn insect eggs on the trunks. Efficiency is increased by the addition of copper or iron sulphate and insecticides, such as karbofos. Glue or clay can be used as a binder. By adding a tablespoon of carbolic acid to the suspension, you can be sure that mice and hares will not approach the trees.
Whitewashing in the fall protects the trunks from frost, preventing pests and fungi from penetrating into them. All resulting waste must be incinerated. Vegetation remains should not be left on the ground. This helps to destroy insect pests and disease-causing organisms.
Gardening in September includes digging up the soil.
In this case, the weed should be removed and buried in. Then the spores of clusterosporiosis and coccomycosis will be destroyed.
Spraying plants from diseases and pests
Most of the pests and disease sources in the garden are picked up at the time of maturation and harvest. Chemical agents during this period are prohibited.
Urea
After harvesting, trees and shrubs are sprayed with a solution of urea (5%), which protects them from scab. They process the trunks and branches of plants, as well as the soil under them. The area under the tree must be sprayed. Carbamide activates vegetative processes in plants, saturating them with nitrogen. This can adversely affect plants that do not have time to adapt to the cold. Autumn processing of the garden from pests by spraying should be carried out no later than a month before the onset of frost. The garden must be fully prepared for winter.
Before you start spraying plants, you need to provide yourself with a respirator, gloves, goggles and tight clothing. Dry and calm weather is chosen for work.
blue vitriol
From scab, powdery mildew, coccomycosis and other diseases, the cultivation of the garden, in particular stone fruit and pome crops, as well as currants, grapes, gooseberries, helps.
To increase efficiency, lime is added to the solution (Bordeaux mixture). In autumn, spraying will be more effective, because the concentration can be increased up to 3%. In the spring, such a solution can destroy or damage the leaves. everywhere is on sale, and you can make it yourself if you dilute 400 g and 300 g of copper sulfate in 20 liters of water. Instead, you can use the Burgundy mixture, replacing the lime with 250 g soda ash. For better adhesion, a soap solution is added to it. It should not be introduced into the Bordeaux liquid due to folding into insoluble lumps. This spraying is the last of the season. Too early to produce it is not worth it, as the leaves will get burned and fall off the trees. ahead of time. November is the best time.
inkstone
Autumn processing of the garden (5-7%) makes it possible to get rid of moss and lichen. To do this, they spray old trees.
Autumn treatment with iron sulphate allows you to better prepare plants for winter. Unlike Bordeaux liquid, lime cannot be added to it. Spraying it has the same effect as treating the garden with copper sulphate, but the plants are saturated with iron, which has a positive effect on oxidative processes in stone fruit and pome crops. To completely get rid of certain diseases, it should be used in combination with by special means. Insecticides are added to copper or iron sulfate to increase the effectiveness of the solution in controlling insects.
Tying trees for the winter
For the winter, tree trunks are tied with branches of spruce, juniper, raspberry, roofing material, film, metal mesh. At the same time, earth should be poured on the side so that rodents do not crawl from below.
The strapping also protects the bark from sunburn. As snow falls, it is additionally poured to the trunks. Mice like to overwinter in plant debris, which should be removed and not left on the ground. In places where rodents may live, poison baits should be laid out. The snow around the tree trunks is trampled down so that the mice do not get through the dense layer. Fences around the site help to protect against hares.
In April, the strapping is removed. It is advisable to do this on cloudy days so that the plants adapt to the sun's rays.
Thus, the autumn processing of the garden from pests in the form of the above activities allows you to protect the trees and increase their productivity.
Many inexperienced gardeners do not know how to treat fruit trees and shrubs in the fall, however, there are a number of new preparations or you can resort to well-established old remedies.
The main treatment of trees against pests is carried out by spraying. Before taking any measures, the gardener should take care of his safety, namely to protect open areas skin and eyes.
Treatment of fruit trees with copper sulphate
Copper sulphate copes well with the following diseases on trees and shrubs: scab, leaf spot, black cancer, anthracnose garden trees moniliosis, desiccation. To obtain a solution of copper sulfate, it is diluted in a ratio of 100 g per ten liter bucket of water. Planting should be processed in dry weather on a warm day.
Treatment of shrubs with urea in autumn
Carbamide is a good effective remedy in the fight against various diseases, in particular with monilial burn, purple spot and scab. Urea is diluted in a proportion of 500 g per ten liters of water. If there is no time to collect the leaves, then they can be treated with the same solution.
Spraying garden plantings with carbamide will be more effective if 50 g of copper sulfate is added to the working solution. Such a composition works well not only in the fight against infections, but also with harmful insects. The treatment is carried out with a solution of urea and copper sulfate at the beginning of leaf fall. The consumption of the mixture is 2.5 liters per 10 square meters. m.
Soda + soap
Treatment of shrubs in the fall from pests and diseases can be performed using the following solution of 10 liters of water + 350 g of soda ash + 35 g of soap. Stir all components until dissolved, after which you can spray the trees from most diseases and harmful insects.
At the very beginning, before processing, the most affected or dried branches are cut off on the bushes. The cut sites are cleaned of the remnants of the bark, sawdust and sprayed with copper sulfate so that bacterial infections do not develop, then they are treated with garden pitch.
Preparations in processing
Processing fruit trees in the fall from pests and diseases can also be done using ready-made preparations. Spraying is best done after 15.10. on a dry, windless day.
- "Horus" is used to protect trees and bushes.
- "Skor" is suitable for stone fruits and pome trees. It is also used against scab, clusterosporia, leaf curl, coccomycosis.
- "Tinovit Jet" helps to protect gooseberries, currants, apple trees, cherry plums from American powdery mildew.
- "HOM" preparation can be used to treat all plantings on the site. Hom gives good results in the fight against moniliosis, scab, coccomycosis, curl, clusterosporiosis.
- "Aktara" use the drug to eliminate insect pests, including weevils, scale insects, raspberry beetle, ticks.
- "Karbofos" destroys not only pests, but also their larvae. Apply it from the codling moth, psyllid, sawflies, spider mite. To neutralize all plantings of the garden, 90 g of the drug is used, and for raspberry bushes, gooseberries, and currants, 75 g.
Garden work on the processing of plantings is carried out after October 20 or from November 1-10. Depending on the region, summer residents should focus on active leaf shedding, which is a guide to starting work in the garden.
