When to treat with Bordeaux liquid in the fall. Processing fruit trees in autumn

An experienced and enterprising gardener always takes care of his plants so that they bring maximum useful fruit. In order to carry out excellent prevention or elimination of tree diseases, spraying with urea in autumn period.

Urea as a substance and its action

Urea or Carbamide is a concentrated nitrogen fertilizer (46%) in the form of odorless white crystals, which is used both for spraying trees and for watering, fertilizing, planting plants, including garden ones. Its active substance is nitrogen, which not only promotes the growth and development of plants, but also destroys their pests, prevents fruit rotting.

What gives the autumn treatment of trees with fertilizer?

The onset of cold high humidity, which comes with late autumn, are the optimal environment for the formation of infections and diseases of fruit trees in your garden. To prevent this, it is necessary to carry out the autumn treatment of the garden with urea in the form of spraying.

Cherries, sweet cherries, apricots, and especially apple, pear and plum trees need to be processed not only for obvious pests, but also for prevention purposes. This will provide your trees with not only health, but also strength for lush flowering and a large ovary of fruit in the spring.

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Treating your garden trees with urea in the fall will eliminate or prevent such diseases:

• Fungal infections;
• Scab;
• spotting;
• putrefactive diseases;
• Pests living and wintering in tree bark, etc.

Rules for the autumn spraying of the garden with nitrogen-containing fertilizer

The best time is late autumn. Urea, as a highly concentrated nitrogen-containing fertilizer, should be used for the prevention and destruction of pests. late autumn, i.e., when the leaf fall is in the second stage or has already ended. The approximate month of this stage is the beginning-end of November, depending on climatic latitudes.

Earlier processing garden trees in autumn, urea can lead to tree burns, premature fall of foliage, which will affect their vulnerability to frost and low nutrient intake.

Dry calm weather is preferred. A process such as spraying garden trees with nitrogen-containing urea requires both the absence of wind and dry weather. First, it will provide maximum effect, which will not be carried away by the wind and will not be washed away by precipitation. Secondly, it is much safer for your health and your possibly yard animals, because the composition of the fertilizer includes pesticides.

Preparing trees for processing. This applies mainly to trees older than 6-10 years, and which have obvious bark diseases. Before processing them, remove the diseased and affected areas of the bark with the help of hands or metal brush, shoulder blades. This will provide, when spraying, direct access to the site of the lesion, as well as accumulations of insects.

As for the foliage, even affected by diseases, as unnecessary, it is not recommended to remove it and is also subjected to processing. In the spring, the processed foliage will become an excellent fertilizer, a kind of compost for trees.

Spray solution preparation. The difference between urea, as a top dressing and a therapeutic drug, is in the preparation of its solution. So, for the destruction of diseases and pests, a very concentrated solution is prepared per 10 liters of water, at least 500 g of fertilizer, and preferably 500-700 g.

Wood processing scale. Under the treatment with urea in the fall, the entire crown of the tree should fall completely, i.e. small spraying is used, which will maximally destroy existing problems and prevent possible diseases.

Safety. Take care of your health and use all the necessary protection for working with chemical fertilizers: respiratory mask or thick gauze bandage, rubber gloves, goggles, etc. Wash your hands and face at the end of work, and also send work clothes and shoes to the launderer.

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A very interesting video that describes the whole process of spraying trees with urea:

First of all, spraying is carried out to protect fruit trees from beetles, butterflies, aphids and caterpillars.

For example, when spraying an apple tree, you can protect this tree from aphids that form nodules on the bark. And in cases where the aphids are not stopped in time, in addition to the apple tree, it will also begin to infect pear, plum, cherry plum and apricot.

That is, in these trees, at first the leaves will begin to curl, after which they will also fall off.

The plum is also sprayed to protect against the May beetle, which is engaged in eating the ovaries of fruits and leaves.

In cases with a young garden, the larvae of this insect also damage the roots. This can result in the death of the entire plant.

Apple, plum, pear and cherry, thanks to spraying, from caterpillars and butterflies, can save not only their leaves, but also their fruits, including during the ripening period.

How to spray trees in autumn and spring?

There are a lot of tools that can be used to cultivate a garden. They can be used as in spring, as well as in autumn.

But we will now analyze the most popular preparations for spraying trees. :

1) Copper sulfate. During holiday season This drug is recommended to be used twice. The first time - at the beginning of spring, while the leaves have not yet appeared on the trees, since when it is diluted in the recommended proportions, it can damage young leaves.

The second time in the fall - after the period of leaf fall.

Copper sulphate is also used as disinfectant with wounds on plants.

Usually this drug is used when processing plums, apple trees (in autumn - at the end of October, in spring - at the beginning of March).

Spray fruit trees best in the morning or evening, in calm weather, at a temperature of +5 to +30 °C.

The consumption rate for one fruit-bearing tree is about 10 liters of a ready-made solution, and for a seedling about 2 liters.

Copper sulfate is considered a very aggressive drug, and therefore it is best to breed it away from people and animals.

It is also necessary to take care that its remains do not fall into the well or other sources of water.

2) Carbamide (urea). Trees are sprayed with carbamide a week after flowering, and when preparing trees for the winter period.

With the help of a carbamide solution of a weaker concentration (50 g per 10 liters of water), it will be possible to spray the orchard a week after flowering. Thus, you can protect fruit trees from leafworm caterpillars, suckers, flower beetles, aphids, etc.

In autumn, trees are sprayed with urea after more than 40-50% of the foliage has fallen. In this case, the solution should be stronger than during the flowering period (500 g per 10 liters of water).

But you can also wait until the trees are completely shedding their leaves and apply a solution of more concentrated urea (7-10%), thereby preparing your garden plot for the next season.

In this case, you are spraying not only trunks and branches, but also the soil, and therefore this solution will serve you as a fungicide and fertilizer.

But if you hurry up and apply this high concentration product earlier, it is possible that the leaves of the trees may get burned, and therefore they will fall off ahead of schedule.

And this means that the trees will not have time to get the nutrients they need in preparation for the winter period in the right amount.

3) Iron vitriol. This drug is used twice a year (in autumn and spring), when the plants begin to turn green and when they are preparing for the winter period.

When spraying plants with copper sulphate, two tasks are simultaneously solved, that is, the trees receive the iron they need, which plays an important role in the respiration of plantings, but also this drug is an excellent protection against pests.

If your garden is already old, that is, the trees (pear, apple, plum, etc.) are already old, then we must spray this remedy in early spring and in the fall, which can help you not only in pest control, but also in the destruction of lichen, cytosporosis, moss, septoria, black cancer.

And thanks to this, your trees in the coming year will be able to accelerate the growth rate and increase yields.

4) Preparation 30. This drug is used when spraying apple trees, plums, pears, etc.

It is advisable to use it in early spring and late autumn (200 g per 10 liters of water).

Thanks to the treatment of trees with “Preparation 30”, you can get rid of whiteflies, leafworms, moths, aphids, scale insects, suckers, red and brown fruit mites, which have wintered on the bark all this time.

But besides this, this remedy can help you in the fight against larvae in the summer.

According to the manufacturer, this drug is absolutely safe for the tree itself, since not various substances are used in pest control, but a thin film formed after processing on the bark of the tree.

That is, in pests (in the stage of larvae or eggs) that fall under treatment, the water balance and gas exchange are disturbed, thereby creating unfavorable conditions for their existence, which leads to their death.

5) Diesel fuel. Diesel fuel can also be used, as in spring processing, thai and autumn. But it must be used very carefully. Since with improper spraying, burns may appear on the trees or, even worse, die.

Therefore, this method of processing must be taken with great responsibility.

In the spring, it is best to treat the trees with diesel fuel before the formation of leaves and buds, and in the fall, wait until all the leaves have fallen.

For spraying trees, diesel fuel in its pure form cannot be used. It adds a large number of water and other substances that can reduce its destructive activity.

How to spray trees in autumn?

Autumn spraying of trees is an important part of closing the season and preparing the garden plot for the winter period. It will be possible to start this procedure in October - November, that is, when the trees shed their leaves, and therefore the possibility of damaging them with chemicals is excluded.

In preparation for processing, we remove lichens and old bark from trees over 6 years old. By themselves, the old bark and lichens cannot harm plants, but pathogens of various diseases and pests can overwinter there.

The latest processing is carried out after the first frosts, but before that we still need to remove foliage, weeds and fallen branches from the site, that is, everything that has managed to accumulate during the season.

For the treatment of a garden plot in the fall, substances such as copper or iron sulfate, as well as urea, are used. Spraying solves several problems:

• Destroys pests;
• Prevents fungal diseases;
• Heals wounds, disinfects them after trimming;
• Acts as a fertilizer.

During operation, the instruction prescribes to take protective measures - at least wear a respirator and gloves. When processing a large area, it is convenient to use a special sprayer for the garden.

Treatment with iron sulphate

If the trees are not young, affected by moss and lichen, iron sulfate is suitable for processing. The solution is prepared with a concentration iron sulphate not less than 5% and not more than 8%.

The mixture should not be kept in a metal container. Suitable for cooking glassware or a bucket made of thick plastic. For treatment - disinfection of sections and hollows for 1 liter of water, take 100 g of iron sulfate.

Processing the garden with iron sulfate in the fall will help in the fight against gray mold, mosses and lichens on old trees. At a concentration of 1 liter of water - 30 g of the drug, it is used for spraying currant bushes, gooseberries and raspberries.

Iron sulfate is used to prevent and treat diseases of roses, in particular, it helps to defeat black spot.

Autumn spraying of apple trees with iron sulphate destroys insect pests that have hid under the bark for wintering. Branches, trunk and trunk circle treated with a 5% solution. spring processing iron sulphate kills at least 50% of the eggs laid for the winter of apple sucker.

In addition to protecting the garden from pests, iron sulfate is a source of iron, which is necessary for normal plant growth and fruit development. In contrast, copper sulfate is used as a preventive and therapeutic agent (fungicide).

What is copper sulphate for?

Autumn spraying with copper sulphate has preventive goals. By the time the buds begin to bloom, the trees will already be protected from diseases.

A one percent solution of this drug is treated with the roots of seedlings before planting. They are lowered literally for 3 minutes, after which they are thoroughly rinsed in running water.

Solution blue vitriol Helps prevent fruit rot powdery mildew and scab.

For best result lime is added to it in the ratio: 100 g of copper sulfate are taken for 200 g of quicklime. The resulting mixture is called Bordeaux.

Spraying with copper sulphate is best done in the fall, as in the spring a highly concentrated solution will harm young foliage. But this can be done not earlier than November, since a chemical burn is possible when processing the leaves.

Spraying with urea

The composition with urea is used at a concentration of 5%. This treatment will help rid and protect the garden from scab. The components of urea have a positive effect on the vegetative processes, as the plants are saturated with nitrogen.

Spraying with urea is carried out a month before the first frost in order to protect the garden from negative weather conditions. It is carried out in calm weather. Another name for urea is urea.

Autumn processing: terms and procedure

In autumn, it is important to remove fallen leaves. If this is not done, insect pests and rodents will overwinter in it and continue to destroy the garden in the spring.

Main goals autumn work in the garden:

• Spraying the garden from pests, their larvae;
• Rodent protection;
• Shelter of trees and bushes from frost.

The sequence of work to prepare the garden for winter:

1. Collection of fruits. Healthy fallen fruits are processed or composted, and the carrion is fed to livestock. Diseased parts of the plant are burned.
2. Fallen leaves are collected. Healthy leaves cover garlic and strawberries. The rest is placed in the compost heap.
3. The old bark is scraped off. Hollows and wounds are cleaned, disinfected and treated with garden pitch.

Before these procedures, unnecessary fabric is spread under the crown - so that the pests that live in the crown do not fall to the ground. During autumn pruning, shoots growing inward, top shoots, diseased, damaged and dried branches are removed.

In regions with frosty winters, pruning is carried out in the spring. Where at this time of the year a predominantly positive temperature remains, sanitary pruning is carried out - crooked, dry and diseased branches are destroyed. All waste is incinerated.

Trunk whitewashing

The procedure for applying a protective solution is carried out after all the foliage has fallen, but before the first frost. In the central regions, this time falls on the end of September - the first ten days of October. Processing is not carried out in rainy weather.

Whitewash will create on the trunk protective film, which will serve as a barrier against pests. Ordinary lime is ineffective.

It is better to use a special paint designed for garden trees. She lasts longer than mortar and contains an antiseptic.

As soon as the temperature drops to +5°C, you can start painting the trunks. This is done to protect them from freezing in winter and from sunburn in spring. garden paint not applied at temperatures below +2°C.

If we are talking about young seedlings, then it is not recommended to whitewash them with lime. IN last resort, the solution is made less concentrated, but the protective properties are reduced. Therefore, it is safer for seedlings to use garden paint.

To prepare a solution of lime, you will need the following components:

• Hydrated garden lime - 2 kg;
• Water - 10 l;
• Copper sulfate - 250 g;
• Clay - 1 kg.

This is not a spray, so the mixture should not run like water. Clay gives it density. If the solution turned out to be liquid, then this is corrected by adding clay. The consistency of the mass should resemble kefir or liquid sour cream.

Rodent harness

When all garden work carried out, spraying fruit trees and berry bushes completed, the temperature dropped below zero, the trunk is tied. At the same time, spruce branches, raspberry branches are used, but if there are none, then a metal mesh or roofing felt will do. The strapping will protect the bark from sun rays, which in the spring can leave burns on the trunk.

If the rodents are already on garden plot, then set traps, traps and poisoned baits. If there is a lot of snow, it is rammed around the trunk. This technique allows you to maintain the heat balance. Strapping becomes unnecessary closer to April. To protect the bark from burns, the shelter is removed on a cloudy day.

This is a guarantee of the future harvest.

This important step should not be neglected. Especially seriously you need to approach the processing of trees in the fall for the winter. The main thing in preparation is to properly process not only the trees, but also the soil around them.

If you do not take these measures in a complex, you can lose the future harvest due to damage to fruit trees by pests and diseases.

Stages of preparation

It is necessary to prepare fruit trees, shrubs, ornamental crops for winter. Usually autumn procedure takes place in 5 stages. Each of them is very important, and it is undesirable to miss it. All stages of preparation contribute to prolonging the life and improving the fruiting of the plant:

To prepare the garden for the onset of winter correctly, you need to familiarize yourself with each stage separately.

Soil preparation

All ingredients must be mixed well. You should get a mixture that is similar in consistency to thick sour cream.

The solution for old trees is prepared identically as for young ones. The only difference will be that for the mixture you need to take 2 kg and copper sulfate 200 g. You can add a little straw to the mixture, which must be cut beforehand. The resulting solution must be applied to the bark from the bottom up and to damaged areas. It will provide protection and won't crack for a long time.

Whitewashing trees and shrubs helps to rid plants of several very important issues. Due to the special composition, the plant will not freeze in winter and will not suffer from heat in summer.

Beneficial effects of whitewashing on crops:

• whitewash perfectly regulates the temperature. It prevents the barrel from overcooling and overheating;
• prevents the penetration of pests to the root system;
• perfectly protects the trunk from ultraviolet rays.

Treating the garden from pests and diseases in the fall is extremely important.

There are several reasons for this:

• autumn gardening is a good preventive procedure, reducing the number of wintering pathogens;
• autumn heat and humid air stimulate the reproduction of microbes and bacteria. at this time they penetrate the sap flow system and spread throughout the tree;
• autumn processing of the garden is recommended at the beginning of leaf fall, and during this period the main work has already been completed, the gardener has more free time;
• there is still a lot of time before the fruit ripens and you can apply more concentrated and effective mixtures;
• special attention should be paid to the treatment of young trees. Their immune system is not yet strong and untreated trees may not survive until spring;
• autumn treatment with increased concentrations of drugs destroys most wintering insects.

Processing time

Optimal time autumn processing it could be considered beginning of leaf fall.

At this time, the leaves have already turned yellow, but still remained on the tree and it is convenient to process them. Even high concentrations of solutions will not harm the tree - there is no longer any need for leaves.

Under the trees, the soil is not yet covered with fallen leaves and it also needs to be treated with a prepared pesticide. Thus, we will destroy the pests that have gone to winter in the soil and are waiting for warming from the foliage.

Tree preparation

Beginning in mid-autumn, trees begin to prepare for winter. You can increase the winter hardiness of trees by adding phosphorus and.

The bases of the skeletal branches and the trunk of the tree are cleaned of dead bark and pests hiding in its cracks. At the same time, the trunks and bases of the branches are covered with a protective layer of garden whitewash. The trunks of young trees are tied with roofing material, covering material or nylon tights.

How to spray fruit trees?

For spraying the garden in the autumn, you can use:

• inkstone;
• carbamide or urea;
• drug 30B;
• diesel fuel;
• bischal;
• soap-copper emulsion.

inkstone

Trees are treated with a solution of iron sulphate either before the start of the growing season, or with the onset of leaf fall. Dissolved in water, this powder helps fight diseases of pome and stone fruit trees, and berry bushes. The action of iron sulphate is detrimental to moniliosis, spotting, and scab.

For processing the garden, a 5-7% solution of the substance is used. To prepare the working fluid, you must:

• 500-700 g of powder is dissolved in a small amount of warm water;
• after complete dissolution, the volume of liquid is adjusted to 10 l;
• strained mixture is poured into a sprayer;
• set up a very fine spray;
• evenly cover the leaves and branches with a solution, it’s not scary if some of the liquid gets on the ground. It also needs to be sprayed.

blue vitriol

Wasp copper sulfate or copper sulfate is a recognized fungicide that helps in the fight against spotting, rot, scab, coccomycosis, lichens.

The working solution of copper sulphate for garden treatment should have a concentration of 3-5%. It is prepared in the same way as iron sulphate, only 300-500 g of powder is taken for the same amount of water. Prepare and use in the same way.

Urea or urea

The use of urea or carbamide for fall gardening involves tilling the trees and the soil underneath. The term for such processing is the beginning of leaf fall. A strong solution of urea is able to burn out all wintering forms of pests and diseases.

The procedure for processing trees:

• 700 g of urea or carbamide are dissolved in 10 liters of water;
• process unfallen leaves and tree trunks;
• the trunk circle is treated with the same tool.

It is necessary to use such a liquid for autumn garden processing as late as possible. nitrogen, the loading dose of which is contained in the solution, can cause the growth of new shoots. In the spring, it is not necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizers under trees treated with urea.

Preparation 30v

Insect-acaricidal "Preparation 30V" destroys in the garden and on berry bushes wintering pests: scale insects, whiteflies, leafworms, aphids, ticks, moths.

The drug disrupts the air and water balance of insects, leading them to death. Pests cannot adapt to the action of the drug, it can be used annually. The advantages of the tool include environmental Safety, high efficiency, excellent adhesion, the ability to use the whole season from spring to autumn. The drug has a contact effect, it must be applied without leaving untreated areas.

The drug is very easy to breed. It is simply dissolved in water and used within the next 2 hours after dilution.

Treatments are carried out at an outdoor temperature above +4°C.

The concentration of the solution for the treatment of trees and shrubs is 3-4%.

The protective effect of the drug lasts from 5 to 10 days. You can harvest after processing after 20 days.

Diesel fuel or diesel fuel (DT)

Solar oil is an oily liquid. After treating the tree with such a liquid, an oil film forms on the surface of the bark, which destroys pests by blocking their respiratory openings.

Diesel fuel, being the result of oil refining, is not considered an environmentally friendly substance, and therefore it is dangerous to use it in the spring. It is best to use such a tool in the fall, by the time of harvest it will completely disintegrate and will not remain in ripened fruits.

Successful recipes for the use of diesel fuel:

• 1 part of ferrous sulfate is dissolved in 10 parts of water;
• add 10 parts of lime milk 10% concentration;
• 20 parts of diesel fuel are added to the resulting mixture;
• the resulting mixture is used to process plantings after leaf fall.

Another successful recipe:

• 5 parts of clay are dissolved in 5 parts of water;
• 20 parts of diesel fuel are added to the resulting mixture;
• plantings are treated with the resulting emulsion.

Another solution that is effective in pest control:

• grind 1 part of laundry soap;
• the chips are dissolved in 9 parts of water;
• 10 parts of diesel fuel are added to the resulting solution;
• we process the garden with the resulting emulsion.

Using diesel fuel, you need to remember that its density and water are very different, and you won’t be able to get a complete solution. When mixing water and diesel fuel, an emulsion is formed, which is very quickly divided into two fractions. Keeping this in mind, when working with such a mixture, you need to periodically shake the solution.

Bordeaux liquid

Bordeaux liquid is a mixture of copper sulfate and lime in a 1: 1 ratio. This mixture destroys foci of diseases (moniliosis, spotting, rot and fungal diseases, scab), and also destroys wintering forms of insects.

To prepare Bordeaux liquid, you will need lime, blue vitriol, water, any non-metallic utensils and litmus paper:

• in non-metallic containers in small quantities hot water dilute 1 kg of copper sulfate and bring to 50 l;
• in another container, 1 kg of quicklime is quenched and the solution is diluted to 50 liters, filtered;
• immediately before use, both solutions are combined - a solution of copper sulphate is added to the milk of lime (but not vice versa).
• the resulting mixture is checked with litmus paper - the reaction of the solution should be neutral;
• for better adhesion of the solution per 100 liters of liquid, add 100 g of sugar or 5 cups of paste;
• Ready mixture can be purchased at a garden store.

Bordeaux mixture should be used in warm, dry, calm weather. Up to 10 liters are used per tree.

Bishal

Autumn and early spring processing of fruit trees can be carried out using the Bishal preparation. This is a solution of the natural remedy bischofite. It contains almost all microelements necessary for plants.

Depending on the concentration, trees can be treated with this solution before bud break or before leaf fall, a garden can be cultivated on a green leaf, and can be used to soak seeds.

Autumn treatment of the garden with a solution of bishali will destroy pests prepared for wintering, bacterial, viral and fungal infections.

For autumn processing, bischal is bred in a ratio of 1:10.

Bishal, like urea, burns out all the infection that remains in the cracks of the bark, but unlike urea, it contains many essential trace elements.

The advantages of bishali include the absence of a waiting period after processing the garden.

Soap copper emulsion

Another tool for autumn garden processing is a soap-copper emulsion. The recipe for its preparation is very simple:

• 10 g of copper sulfate are dissolved in 0.5 l of water;
• separately in warm water dilute 100 g of planed laundry soap;
• a solution of soap is added to the solution of copper sulfate, the volume of the mixture is adjusted to 10 l;
• if the water is hard (flakes appear in the solution), you can add 50 g of soda ash.

With a high number of wintering pests or a strong infection with an infection, the doses of soap and copper sulfate are increased by 2-3 times.