Features of storing sunflower seeds. Spring protection of garden plants from pests and diseases

Summer season has come to an end, but gardeners probably still have seeds - purchased with a long shelf life and grown on their own plot - which will have to be sown in the spring. Is it possible to leave the seeds in an unheated room for the winter; will frost damage the seeds? Is it possible to store seeds in a city apartment? Let's figure out how to properly store seeds in winter.

It is important to keep the seeds in conditions that ensure the preservation of high sowing qualities.

When ripe, the seed releases water and dries out. Since life processes can only occur in an aquatic environment, as the seed ripens and dries, they die out. Mature seeds contain a dormant embryo and solid reserve nutrients. They are very dry (12–20% humidity). The hardened seed coat surrounds them like a protective shell.

Maintaining dryness of seeds during storage is the main condition for maintaining their viability.

At what temperature should seeds be stored?

The worst enemy of dormant seeds is warm, moist air. Where it is hot and humid, seeds can lose their viability in a matter of months, and in a few weeks if there is free access to air. Sudden changes in temperature are also unfavorable for them. The ideal conditions for storing most seeds are moderate temperatures (12–15°) without significant changes and moderate relative humidity air (not higher than 50%).

Seeds should not be left in unheated rooms for the winter. garden plots, it is better to transport them to the city, without leaving them in damp and cold for a long time. For damp seeds, shallow freezing (from 0° to -10°) is often disastrous, especially when repeatedly passing through 0°.

During deep freezing (from -15° and below), dry seeds vegetable crops retain viability well, but still storing seeds at sub-zero temperatures undesirable. They fall into a state of deep dormancy and, under normal germination conditions, behave as non-germinating. To bring them into an active state, stimulating influences, such as heating, are required.

So where is the best place to store seeds? living conditions, in particular, in a city apartment? It is clear that seeds cannot be stored in the kitchen due to large changes in humidity. They should also not be kept in the refrigerator door, since every time the door is opened, the cold objects on it come into contact with warm air, and moisture condenses on them.

Most appropriate place for storing seeds - living rooms, although there are not ideal conditions there. Temperature in living rooms several degrees higher than optimal, and when turned on central heating the air in them is too dry (relative humidity in winter is usually about 25%).

But temperature changes there are small and not sharp. In these conditions, drying out is a danger: if seed moisture falls below 10–12%, this leads to rapid loss germination. And yet we won't find best place for storing seeds than the bottom shelf of a linen closet in the living room or the bottom drawer of a desk.

By packing the seeds in plastic bags or foil, we will limit air access to the seeds and prevent them from drying out.

If you prefer to store your seeds in the refrigerator, keep them in the bottom compartment. Before sowing into seedlings, seeds stored in the cold must be activated.

Or the seeds are removed from the refrigerator in advance (a month before sowing) and kept at a temperature of 25-30 ° C, placing the bags with seeds in plastic bag to avoid drying out.

Or you need a short-term warm-up in hot water- at 50-52°C for 25 minutes, which is also thermal disinfection.

The longevity of seeds of different crops varies. Under normal storage conditions, it ranges from 1–2 to 6–8 years. In particular favorable conditions seeds can remain viable much longer than the average periods indicated in the table.

The time during which seeds remain viable depends not only on the type of crop and storage conditions, but also on the weather conditions of the season in which the seeds were received. Seeds grown in warm, sunny summers last longer than those grown in cold and rainy ones.

Shelf life of vegetable seeds

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Summer chores are long over; the seeds have been collected, dried, and stored. All that remains is to save them. There is a long winter ahead, and not all seeds will survive it, but there are storage methods in which germination is practically not lost.

Why do you need to collect and store seeds yourself? Today there are so many stores that seem to have everything.

• Firstly, you can be sure that you are planting exactly what you need.
• Secondly, your own seeds mean significant savings.

What determines the safety of seeds?

Seed moisture

This is, of course, the most important factor, which affects the safety of seeds. If the humidity is high, the seeds can germinate, become moldy, and even simply rot. That is why absolutely dry material is stored for storage. At home, seeds are poured onto paper to dry and left in a well-ventilated area.

Seed storage temperature

The higher the temperature, the more actively the seeds respire. And if they breathe, that means they can germinate. Ideal temperature regime– about 12-16 degrees. Storing seeds of many plant species at room temperature can lead to complete loss of germination.

Marigolds, zinnias, and asters will suffer the same fate. But it is better not to place the seeds of lettuce and some types of exotic greens in the refrigerator: on the contrary, they need warmth. After cool storage, they will most likely go to waste.

Purity

Try to store only clean seeds, without additional debris, otherwise they will be in danger of rotting and being damaged by seed pests.

Air

All living things need air, but seeds need it only in very limited quantities. Therefore, they try to remove almost all the air from the bags. The only exception is large legume seeds. They are stored in linen bags or ordinary jars.

Darkness

Light stimulates growth, so seeds should be stored in complete darkness. Until it's time to plant. Therefore, it is quite fair to say that at this stage darkness is the friend of the harvest .

Where to store seeds?

You can store seeds in almost any room, but the kitchen is the worst place for this purpose: there are too frequent changes in humidity and temperature.

Personally collected seeds Can be packed in film or paper. But it’s best to put it in jars or containers with airtight lids. To avoid the appearance excess moisture, put a few grains of silica gel in each container (small bags of it are in every shoe box and more).

A cellar or basement is good for storage; in an apartment, place the seeds somewhere under the bed, closer to the floor, where it is cooler than, for example, on a closet.

How to store seeds?

Don’t be lazy and label all the bags. You'll see, this will significantly reduce losses planting material only because you won't be able to remember what kind of seeds they are.

It is convenient to arrange the bags of seeds according to the principle of when to plant what. Some gardeners manage to seal seeds into the pages of photo albums, accompanied by appropriate inscriptions. Plastic containers are also good for storing small items. And also ordinary glass jars with screw cap.

Do the seeds have a limited validity period?

Another important note on the bag of your own seeds is the month and year they were collected to monitor future germination.

• The least stored seeds are onions, carrots, marigolds, asters, parsley, calendula and annual phlox. All of them do not lose germination only in the first, or maximum second, year;
• The seeds of cabbage, radishes, radishes, eggplants and peppers, petunias, mallow and lavatera will last three to four years;
• Large seeds are stored the longest, up to 5-7 years. These are the seeds of peas, beans, beans, nasturtium, beets, sweet peas, pumpkin, zucchini, as well as balsams, gillyflowers, and cornflowers.

At first glance, it turns out to be a little complicated with so many criteria and conditions for proper storage seeds so that they do not lose their viability and eventually rot. But it only seems so. All the rules are simple and logical and will quickly become a habit. And you will always have excellent quality seeds on hand. Now only them will remain.

• Shelf life: 10 months
• Best before date: 10 months
• Shelf life in the refrigerator: not indicated
• Freezer life: not indicated

Sunflower fruits are seeds. They are very tasty and also healthy. Nutrients and substances needed by the body are contained in the seeds. They contain vitamins A to E. They are biologically important for the human body and also affect many organs. Even your skin becomes better when you introduce sunflower fruits into your diet. A large number of important macroelements are also obtained when eating seeds. Minerals have a positive effect on human systems, digestion is stimulated, and blood vessels can be cleared of cholesterol plaques. The seeds contain a lot of magnesium. And it is simply necessary for the immune system, nervous and cardiovascular systems. Sunflower seeds contain fatty acids. These substances are very beneficial for the body. Also, do not forget about the essential amino acids that are included in the seeds.

People have long used sunflower seeds as a relaxant. The clicking of seeds is very relaxing and peaceful. Nervous system begins to relax when chewed. The seeds can be used to prevent myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis and diseases of the cardiovascular system. You can also help yourself with them if you have problems with the liver and biliary tract. Sunflower seeds are similar to other types of sunflower seeds, but they also contain folic acid and vitamin B6, which is very important.

Except beneficial properties These seeds, unfortunately, also have harmful ones. Overweight people should be careful, as consuming seeds can cause weight gain. They are very high in calories. So if you want to lose weight, you will have to reduce your consumption of sunflower fruits. The seeds have a hard shell, which makes them much healthier. When cleansing useful material start to disappear. Therefore, it is recommended to eat unpeeled seeds. But this causes tooth enamel to deteriorate, since the shell needs to be chewed. It is important to know the shelf life of seeds, as over time they become harmful. The more time passes, the less nutrients remain in the seeds. Cadmium appears, and the body may be at risk big problems. It turned out so interesting that the seeds are both beneficial and harmful. The body receives useful substances, but at the same time extra calories and cadmium. Therefore, it is worth thinking carefully about the amount of consumption of these seeds. The seeds should not be consumed by singers and people who need to take care of their voice, as the seeds have a coating effect and affect the throat. Seeds that are properly dried should be stored at temperatures up to + 20 degrees and humidity no more than 75 percent. There should be no unnecessary odors in the room, and it should be well ventilated. If all this is observed, then the shelf life of the seeds is no more than 10 months. If you delay it over time, then taste qualities will start to get worse. The aroma will also disappear and the taste will become rancid. If the seeds are processed and fried, they can be stored a little longer. Shelf life of roasted seeds, packaged and packed in vacuum packaging made from polypropylene tape will last up to 12 months. Or maybe a little longer, it all depends on the quality of the packaging.

For those who lived in the village, it was always fun to husk seeds. They used to replace pistachios and chewing gum for people. Nowadays they buy seeds mainly from the store. However, essential microelements from roasted sunflower seeds you won't get it. Therefore, it is best to remove and use the seeds directly from the sunflower. But few people know how to properly grow sunflowers and preserve their harvest for their own benefit. Let's try to learn?

Why grow sunflowers?

We all love sunflower seeds in our leisure time. However, in Lately More and more often you can hear that purchased seeds contain a dangerous element - cadmium. This chemistry penetrates into sunflower seeds located near highways, which is why if you have a plot next to a highway along which cars are always scurrying back and forth, it is better not to grow sunflowers. On such land it is generally better not to grow easily absorbed environment vegetables or fruits.

Using a filter system, you can obtain a fairly clean and dry compressed air stream. It is used for many purposes, including for the normal operation of the compressor. There is no way to do without a compressor dryer system. In addition, the ultra.drain condensate drain will help eliminate compressed air losses in the system.

Sunflowers are grown for more than just food. You might want to grow a sunflower for beauty. In this case, choose seeds decorative varieties and plant the seeds close to each other. Such specimens will turn out to be shorter than their edible relatives, but very beautiful. Today, sunflowers can already compete in beauty with hyacinths, since quite a lot of ornamental varieties of this plant have already been bred.

What varieties to sow?

If you decide to sow sunflowers in your dacha or garden, then first decide for what purpose: if it’s just a garden bed ornamental plants, then you can choose any variety you like. If it is for cultivation on an industrial scale with subsequent consumption, then pay attention to hybrids.

The fact is that breeders do not sit still and every year more and more improved seed material is supplied to the market. Improvements mainly concern disease resistance and yield. An excellent illustrative example is Jason seeds. They can perform well in the fight against drought, are not prone to shedding and lodging, you will not encounter the problem of thickening, rot and the appearance of powdery mildew. Basically, three popular companies can now be found on the market: Pioneer, Limagrain and Syngenta.

The pioneer is characterized high content oils (up to 50%) and are suitable for growing in any climate zone. It is very resistant to drought and disease.

Limagrain presented wide choice hybrids and is constantly adding to its collection. A distinctive feature of the Ukrainian company is that it focuses its hybrids on resistance to infections races A-E. Each of the hybrids has some unique feature. So Tunka grows quickly on initial stage Rimisol can be planted on any soil, and Hidalgo can be planted in any climate zone.

For planting sunflowers, a hot climate zone, an area that is illuminated, is best suited most day. The very name “sunflower” speaks for itself - the plant loves it very much and will respond gratefully to its owner good harvest, If sun rays will be sufficient. Plant sunflowers in areas that will be protected from the wind. Let it be close to trees, under a fence or near the house. Make sure the area has drainage. The only thing that sunflowers don’t really like is excess water. He can just flood them.

How to sow sunflowers?

It is best to sow sunflowers when the ground has warmed up. This is approximately early to mid May. In order to plant seeds, you need to make holes 2.5-3 cm deep. The holes can even be made by hand, loosening the soil, since the distance from the surface is very small. Sunflower is one of unpretentious plants, so you won’t have to make much effort when landing. Seeds of large specimens should be planted at a distance of 50-60 cm from each other. If the sunflower is not expected to be very large, then you can plant it closer. However, it is worth considering that if you plant large variety close, the quality of the harvest will decrease - the sunflowers will be short and their caps will be small. After you have planted the seeds, cover them with soil and water them thoroughly, but do not flood them.

How to care for a sunflower?

At first, water the seeds thoroughly, being careful not to drown the seeds. The seeds should germinate in mid-summer and be ready between the second and third months after planting. If you see that the sunflower is having a hard time, prop it up with a stick, a stake, or make some kind of fence. If sunflowers grow on a windy side, they may simply not stand it and break. Take care of your plants.

If you encounter pests (although sunflowers are not very susceptible to their attacks), then spray the sunflowers with antifungal agents. If you notice eggs on sunflowers, they were most likely laid by a gray moth. It's OK. Just remove them from the sunflowers. Also, your plants can be susceptible to predatory attacks of birds. Place plastic bags on the heads of sunflowers when seeds begin to appear to protect the harvest and avoid the great arrival of deer and sparrows.

How to collect sunflower seeds?

You can harvest when you notice that the sunflower has turned black and began to bow its head, drying out and shrinking. Then you should cut the sunflower head in half and hang it to dry. After drying (choose a well-ventilated room, not a cellar), you can shake out the seeds. To do harvested To taste better, leave the seeds in salted water overnight and then roast in the oven at low temperature. If you want the sunflower to stand in a vase, then you need to cut it early in the morning, when it has not yet opened. The stem should be cut at an angle, then placed in water, which must be changed daily until the flower dries.

How to store sunflower seeds?

What can you cook from sunflowers?

With the addition of seeds, you can prepare a delicious dessert called “Potato” glazed cheese curd. To do this you will need:

The first step is to grind the cookies either by hand or, preferably, in a blender until crumbly. Then chop the nuts in the same way. Mix cottage cheese, cocoa, fructose, yogurt and vanillin until smooth and add cookies and nuts. Mix the resulting mass and form small curd bars.

After this, heat cocoa, fructose, milk and butter over the fire, stirring everything until smooth. You will get glaze. Roll the previously made curd bars in the glaze and then in the seeds. The result is an excellent dessert that you can treat your guests to.