Stove heating of a private home is still popular in many regions of the country. Previously, several stoves were installed in different rooms for better heating. But in this case, a large amount of solid fuel is consumed. Currently, many modern designs of furnaces with various types heating. All you have to do is choose the option that suits you.
Create a cozy atmosphere in your home with stove heating
Selecting a heating system
A small, well-insulated house with 1-2 rooms can be heated with one heating and cooking stove made of brick. For a larger building, you need to decide what type of heating system to choose so that one stove heats the entire house. Steam, water or air circuits can be used for this. In a one-story building, the system can be connected to a brick stove. For a two or three story house the best option- stove-boiler made of cast iron.
Heating a house without gas:
You need to decide on the type of fuel. It can be firewood, coal, peat, gas, diesel fuel, electricity. This choice determines what type of stove to purchase or make yourself.
Brick oven
A stove is not only a home heating device, but also a decorative element. In a small house, you can install one stove, which will require wood or coal to fire it. Modern stove heating of a private house provides many types of heating structure designs. You should choose one that is intended not only for heating the room, but also for cooking. Before installing the stove, you need to choose a suitable place so that its use is as efficient as possible:
- The firebox should be directed towards the corridor or kitchen, and the heated surfaces should be directed towards the rooms. When designing a stove, you should know that 1 m² of its area heats up to 30 m² of space.
- You cannot place furniture near the stove or install partitions, and do not build the stove in the corner of the room. Its large wall should go into the living quarters, then they will always be warm.
- The design of the stove should be chosen according to its purpose. They are used only for heating the room or also for cooking. In this case, you should take into account the hob and oven
It should be taken into account that a large oven takes much longer to cool down. If you heat it well in the evening, the heat will remain until the morning.
Heating stove:
Construction of a furnace structure
The stove structure is erected during the construction of the house, but the foundation is built separately from the general foundation. You can install a stove in an already built house, but then you will need to raise part of the floor and make holes in the ceiling and roof to install the chimney.
Detailed furnace laying:
The size and depth of the foundation depends on the type of furnace structure. It is erected immediately after the construction of the general foundation of the house. For a brick oven, it should be monolithic reinforced concrete, 10-15 cm larger than its parameters on each side. It is required to observe the depth size - from 0.5 m to 1 m. If the soil is loose or closely located groundwater, you don’t need to deepen the foundation, but increase its area.
To build a stove, you should use well-burnt red brick. When tapped, it gives off a metallic sound. If it falls, it breaks into large pieces. It is easy to work with, as it can be broken correctly. The areas of the stove in contact with the fire are lined with refractory bricks (the firebox and part of the chimney).
The mortar for laying the stove is mixed from clay and sand. You will need approximately 2 buckets of clay per 1.5 buckets of sand. Brick consumption - 100 pieces. For masonry strength, Portland cement is added to the solution (0.5 liters per bucket).
Detailed furnace laying:
Room heating process
A well-thought-out stove design in a private home determines efficient heating premises. Solid fuel (usually wood or coal) is burned in a combustion chamber with air supply. Natural draft promotes the movement of flue gases through the channels to the vertical exhaust passages, from where they exit outside. During this time they warm up brick walls stove, and the heat from the hot stone spreads throughout all rooms.
For good heating, 1-2 fireboxes per day are enough. At the same time, do not forget to set the valves in a certain position in time and remove the ash from the ash pit. The stove’s sufficient heat capacity and good insulation of the house allow it to be heated once a day - this is a fairly common option.
A well-thought-out stove design in a private home determines the quality of heating of the room Positive and negative characteristics
There are many good things about stove heating, but there are also negative aspects. When considering the feasibility of such heating, you need to weigh the pros and cons. Positive points:
- The cost of constructing and maintaining a furnace is several times less than that of furnaces with contour heating systems.
- The combustion process does not depend on gas, water, electricity, and firewood is always publicly available and has a reasonable price.
- Since there is no coolant liquid, there is no danger of the pipes defrosting. Therefore, this type of heating is perfect for country houses with non-permanent residence.
- Existence various designs: with cooking function, with oven, dryer, fireplace.
Although stove heating is autonomous, it requires caution and attention on the part of the owners. It is necessary to observe safety when heating the room. There are also such disadvantages:
- Takes up a lot of space in the central part of the house (about 2 m²).
- After the stove structure has completely cooled down, it takes time to warm it up and distribute heat throughout the house.
- Inability to automate processes.
- The need to prepare firewood in advance.
You can adjust the temperature by increasing the number of fireboxes. For example, instead of one long morning session, make two short ones - in the morning and in the evening.
Heating water circuit
A brick stove can heat more area if, during its construction, a heat exchange structure is installed near the firebox. In it, the water heats up and begins to circulate in heating system, which branches throughout the house. It is advisable to install a water pump that accelerates the movement of water in the system.
Fireplace with water heating circuit:
The heat exchanger pipes are led out of the furnace to the outside, and a heating system is connected to them, into which water is poured. In this case, water is the coolant. Typically, plastic pipes are used to connect to the circuit.
Also, a membrane or expansion tank. When heated, water expands and its excess flows into the tank, stretching the membrane inside it. The water cools, the pressure in the system drops, and the water returns to the circuit pipes.
Air system
Air stove heating of a house can also be made using a brick stove. The air is heated to the required temperature in a boiler or heat exchanger and supplied to the room. Passing through air ducts or entering directly into the room, hot air evenly heats the home. To transmit a larger volume of air, the chamber should be installed above the firebox. Air circulation is provided by fans or due to different densities of hot and cold air. With the help of forced circulation it is possible to regulate the temperature in the rooms.
Air heating:
Steam circuit
Steam can also be used as a coolant. Many people call water heating steam, confusing one with the other, although there are differences between them. When using steam, heat transfer is higher, the room warms up much faster. In this case, the pipes are not filled with water, and their diameter is smaller than with water heating, which means cost savings. The system starts up faster, even if it has not been running for a long time.
There are also negative side- this is a short service life. Also, steam heating is difficult to regulate; rooms are heated unevenly.
Another unpleasant moment is when pipes and radiators fill with steam, causing unpleasant noise in the system. In addition, the pipes heat up so much that you can get burned by touching them. Therefore, this heating method is recommended for use in utility rooms, garages, and warehouses.
Stove heating two-story house:
Steel with a simple firebox structure
The “Gnome” potbelly stove, made of steel and heated with wood or briquettes, is popular. This heating design can warm a house up to 95 m³. There are several models of this stove: there are removable burners, others have a solid panel built in.
The furnace has two chambers: a combustion chamber and a blower chamber. The doors on the “Gnome” are made of glass or steel. Suitable for collecting ash drawer. The walls and grate are made of high quality steel. Heat-resistant paint is used to cover the body, which protects the metal from corrosion. Thanks to its compact size, it can be used in small spaces.
Steel stove for home:
You don’t have to build a foundation for such a potbelly stove, but install it directly on the floor, having previously laid a sheet of metal (5 mm) for fire safety purposes or a sheet of asbestos. Its design corresponds to a vertical connection to the chimney.
The disadvantage of a potbelly stove is that the hot air immediately goes into the pipe, therefore, its steel body does not heat up for a long time and cools down quickly. Therefore, to maintain heat in the room, you will have to heat it almost constantly, especially if the house is not insulated enough and it’s winter outside.
The “Gnome” potbelly stove is the best option for country house when you need to cook food, heat water, warm the house on cold nights.
Very reliable and economical system heating:
Cast iron with water circuit
Cast iron stoves for heating a private house with a water circuit have different power, are used for heating both small and large areas. Some of them are capable of heating even two- and three-story houses. The heating circuit design system is the same as for brick kilns. They are made of cast iron.
Some of them are equipped with electric heating. If the temperature in the firebox decreases, automatic switching on heating This function allows you to maintain the required temperature in the heating system. There are boiler stoves designed for a dual-circuit heating system, that is, in addition to heating the room, they also heat water for consumption.
Nowadays, there are still many streets and villages without gas supply, so stove heating still remains relevant and indispensable. The main thing is to have firewood in stock and keep the fire burning in the stove.
Finnish heating method:
Wood stoves for heating a private home have always been the most popular, since this type of fuel is today the most affordable in many regions of the country. In addition, many homeowners simply cannot imagine country life without logs burning in the firebox of the stove with their crackling and forest aroma. In addition, firewood is the cleanest natural source from an environmental point of view. fuel material, which is also not the last thing when choosing a heating device.
Another, often forced reason for the popularity of wood-burning heating appliances is the lack of gas supply, and summer cottages Sometimes there are power outages. Other types of fuel, for example, diesel coal, are quite troublesome to purchase and store.
Today there is a wide variety of cast iron stoves on sale, which are quite compact in size and often have an original design. If desired, you can find the simplest, most affordable model, or opt for more expensive made in a certain style.
In addition to cast iron stoves, in country houses brick ones are often installed “the old fashioned way.” Despite the availability of other, more modern heating devices and types of fuel, many owners of private houses are in no hurry to abandon traditional stoves.
Criteria for choosing a heating device
When choosing a cast-iron or brick stove for a particular home, it is important to pay attention not only to its external design, but also to the main technical and operational characteristics.
- The size of the appliance is the first thing people pay attention to, since if the area of the house is small, not every stove will be suitable for it in this particular parameter.
- Before choosing a specific model, you must determine a specific place in the house for it. This is necessary in order to select the location of the pipe. If a cast iron version of the stove is purchased, then the outlet pipe can be located on the top or rear panel of the device. The chimney pipe passes through attic floor and the roof structure must not collide with a beam or rafter.
- The third thing you need draw attention- this is the thermal power of the heating device, that is, what heated area the stove is designed for.
- It is important to have additional elements in the design of the stove, such as a hob, a tank for heating water and an oven.
- The size and material of the fuel door also sometimes play an important role, since thanks to these elements a modern stove can very well become a fireplace.
Stoves are produced with cast iron doors, which, when heated in the same way as the walls, release heat into the room. Another option would be a wide glass door, which you don’t even need to open to enjoy the view of the burning flame. Such models will be especially useful in country houses where the power supply is often cut off. In the evening, a stove with a glass door will not only heat the house, but will also illuminate one of the rooms to a certain extent.
Steel and cast iron stoves
If earlier metal potbelly stoves were mainly made independently from scrap materials, today in specialized stores cast iron the oven can be found for every taste - these can be the simplest devices, units long burning, and even with a built-in water circuit. What each option is - you need to understand in more detail using specific examples.
A stove with a simple firebox structure
Steel stove "Gnome"
The most affordable option For a country house there is a fairly popular stove-stove “Gnome”, which can be heated with wood or briquettes. Such a heating device is capable of heating a house with a room volume of up to 85 ÷ 95 m³.
One of the simplest metal stoves is the “gnome”
Several modifications of this device are made. Some of them have removable burners, others have a solid panel. The stove itself consists of two chambers - a combustion chamber and a blower chamber, and some Gnome models have steel doors, while others have glass doors, and the ash pan is made in the form of a drawer.
Approximate drawings of the “gnome”
The walls of the heating device, as well as the grate, are made of high quality steel. The outside of the housing is covered with heat-resistant paint, which protects the metal from corrosion. The compact size of the stove allows it to be used in even small spaces.
An important point is that there is no need to build a foundation for such a potbelly stove - even a wooden floor can easily support it if, for fire safety purposes, a 5 mm metal sheet is laid on it or an asbestos sheet is laid on it.
The stove is designed for vertical connection to the chimney pipe.
The table shows some technical characteristics of the Gnome:
| Name of characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Thermal power | 5 kW |
| Hob | Without burners |
| Chimney diameter | 110 mm |
| Structure height | 656 mm |
| Width | 304 mm |
| Firebox depth | 475 mm |
| Device weight | 30 kg |
The disadvantage of stoves with a simple firebox structure is that the heated air immediately goes into the pipe, became Perhaps the steel case does not retain heat for a long time and cools down quite quickly. Therefore, in order to maintain heat in the room, you will have to heat it almost constantly, especially if the house is poorly insulated and the winter temperature outside is low. By purchasing this stove, you will not be able to save on fuel.
Prices for popular stoves
potbelly stove gnome
The “Gnome” with a simple firebox structure is best suited for a country house used from spring to autumn, since its power is quite enough to cook food, warm water, and heat the house on cold nights.
Cast iron stove
More practical option potbelly stoves with a simple firebox structure are cast iron.
The main advantage lies precisely in the material of manufacture. Cast iron heats up quickly and retains heat for a very long time, releasing it into the room. At absolutely small sizes this unit is capable of heating a room of 90 ÷ 120 m³.
The furnace body is equipped with ribbed side walls, which increases the heated surface area, and therefore the overall heat transfer. Weight cast iron appliance much more than one made of steel - two, or even two and a half times, so for its installation a rigid, reliable and heat-resistant base must be prepared.
The parameters of such a stove are presented in table:
| Name of characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Thermal power | 6.5 kW |
| Hob | with one burner |
| Chimney diameter | 110 mm |
| Structure height | 560 mm |
| Width | 352 mm |
| Firebox depth | 540 mm |
| Device weight | 75 kg |
Stoves with water heating circuit
This metal stove is more versatile than the first option, since it has a water circuit, with which you can heat several rooms of a fairly large area. But for this have to Stretch pipes to the appropriate areas of the room and install radiators.
The heating system is connected to the water circuit of the furnace and filled with coolant. When the furnace is fired, water circulates in the circuit, passing through the radiators, heating them, and they, in turn, give off heat to the rooms. Sometimes, with a large circuit length, special ones are built into the system, which gives the coolant the necessary pressure. This circulation system is called forced circulation, and it is more efficient because it heats the premises much faster.
For some furnace models, an external pump is not necessary, since they have built-in automation that helps maintain the desired temperature in the circuit. When the coolant heats up to the set temperature, the automation stops circulation, and when it cools down, it restarts its movement through the heat exchanger built into the furnace.
Prices for popular furnaces with a water circuit
Furnaces with water circuit
The firebox in this stove, as a rule, has a design designed for long-term burning - this allows you to make a large load of firewood and not approach the device for a fairly long time. since not only the firewood itself will burn, but also combustion products that rise to the upper section of the fuel chamber. Thanks to this system, the combustion of solid fuel does not occur intensively, so one bookmark is enough for a long time, so as to completely heat the house.
The Pechora-Aqua fireplace stove, made in Belarus, has a built-in water circuit and a long-burning design.
The firebox of the device is made of heat-resistant steel with a thickness of 4 mm. In addition, the fuel chamber is lined from the inside with fireclay plates, which protect the metal from burning, which increases the service life of the device. All connections individual elements They are sealed into one design with a heat-resistant cord, which prevents heat leakage through the joints.
Diagram and dimensions of the stove - fireplace "Pechora-Aqua"
Heat-resistant glass is installed on the furnace firebox, which can withstand temperatures of 650 ÷ 700 degrees, but the handle installed in the door does not heat up to a level that can cause skin burns.
In these devices, as well as in models with a water circuit, stepwise combustion of fuel is carried out, so the rooms will be heated much longer than when installing a stove with a simple firebox design.
The first heat transfer occurs directly during the combustion of firewood placed in the stove. A special mode of dosed oxygen supply only causes wood to smolder with the release of pyrolysis gases from it. These gases include hot hydrocarbon components, which are burned in the second chamber - this is where the most intense release of useful heat occurs.
Prices for long-burning stoves
long burning stoves
The special design of the device, a well-thought-out system for supplying air, passing and burning hot combustion products, allows one load of firewood to heat the room for nine - twelve hours.
Long-burning stove-fireplace "Volga"
As an example, you can consider the domestic Volga fireplace stove, which has a large combustion chamber and a retractable ash pan. The oven is equipped with a glass door and transparent windows permanently installed around it, which expands the view of the flame burning inside the oven.
Dimensions and layout of the Volga fireplace stove
In the lower part of the stove design there is a niche for drying and storing firewood, and in the upper part there is a panel for heating coffee or tea.
Despite its compact size, it has fairly high technical performance:
| Name of characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Thermal power | 9 kW |
| Hob | absent |
| Chimney diameter | 150 mm |
| Structure height | 1022 mm |
| Width | 550 mm |
| Firebox depth | 490 mm |
| Device weight | 155 kg |
| Efficiency | Up to 85% |
Heating and cooking metal furnace
Speaking about metal wood stoves, one cannot fail to mention heating and cooking models, since they fully provide a private house warmth and cooking capabilities. These devices are produced both with and without a water circuit.
Visually assessing this option, you can understand that the stove is quite compact and aesthetically pleasing, thanks to the design and color scheme developed for it. It will fit perfectly into the interior of the kitchen, bringing to it a special style of comfort and homely warmth.
The stove is multifunctional, so it will solve many problems in a private home. Since it is equipped with an oven, it is possible to bake a pie or bread, or prepare stews. A hob will perfectly replace a gas or electric one - it will never let you down if you have a good supply of firewood. will work autonomously, regardless of whether there is electricity or it is turned off for some reason.
As an example of a heating and cooking option, you can consider the La Nordica stove shown in the photo.
This heating device has a built-in water circuit in its design, so it can easily heat not only one room, but the entire house. In addition, the stove is equipped with a pyrolysis afterburning chamber, which will allow you to use one load of firewood for 8 ÷ 12 hours. The installation of fireclay slabs on the walls of the furnace also helps to retain heat inside the body - when they heat up, they will also give off thermal energy into the heat exchanger. which means it is good to heat a house with a volume of up to 440 m³.
The design also includes a niche for drying firewood. Having placed one batch of fuel in the firebox, the niche can be immediately filled with firewood brought from the street woodpile. While the fuel burning in the stove will heat the house for half a day, the next batch will dry and be prepared for the next batch.
The technical characteristics of this heating and cooking stove are in the table:
| Name of characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Thermal power of the firebox | 15.5 ÷ 19.4 kW |
| Water heating power | 9 ÷ 11 kW |
| Heating power | 6.5 ÷ 8.5 kW |
| Hob | Equipped with one burner |
| Chimney diameter | 150 mm |
| Structure height | 852 mm |
| Width | 1017 mm |
| Firebox depth | 662 mm |
| Device weight | 155 kg |
| Efficiency | Up to 79 ÷ 80% |
| Heat exchanger volume | 14 liters |
| Operating temperature of the coolant entering the circuit. | 70 ÷ 75 degrees |
| Firebox size | 265 × 285 × 400 mm |
| Oven size | 330×300×410 mm |
| Door size | 220×265 mm |
The stove body is finished with ceramic tiles, but there are models with natural stone. The device itself is made of high-quality steel, and the frame and heat exchanger plates are made of cast iron.
The design of this furnace provides for adjustment of primary and secondary air.
Video - Installation of the Bavaria stove-fireplace
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Brick kilns
Brick kilns have not lost their popularity over the centuries. IN Lately A large number of different models have appeared that are designed for heating rooms of various sizes. As an example, several options will be considered.
Oven "Baby"
This stove model is perfect for a private country house. Its author, V. Atamas, completed the laying of this “baby” in just one day. Despite its small dimensions, the stove will not only be able to heat the room, but will also make it possible to cook lunch or warm water, as it is equipped with a single burner hob. Its important advantage is that, without taking up much space, it emits quite a lot of heat into the room, which allows you to warm up the house in a short time.
Despite its small size, the “baby” has good functionality
An important point in the process of constructing the “baby” is that after the completion of the masonry, one brick is removed from its rear wall from the very bottom row. Through the resulting gap from inside the building, the mortar and moisture that have fallen to the bottom of the furnace are removed, and after that the brick is installed in place.
Folded "baby"
Having built the stove, a metal sheet is laid in front of its firebox, which should lie on the bricks of the building up to the blower door - for this the sheet will need to be bent. On all other sides, the stove is covered with plinth. All these measures are taken to ensure that when the solution dries and the pressure of the entire body is applied to its lower layer, sand does not spill out of it.
After this, a test fire is carried out with straw or paper. Next, the oven needs to be dried thoroughly by opening all the valves and doors - this process takes place within 7–8 days.
It is recommended to whitewash the stove immediately, since whitewashing will become an indicator of smoke, which can seep through the seams if they are not done well. Black stripes will appear on the white surface, stretching upward from the seam. If such manifestations occur, the seam in this place will need to be cleaned and carefully re-sealed.
Full plastering and decorative finishing carried out after operating the furnace for two to three months.
Baby cuts
The “baby” chimney can be connected to an already built main pipe if the house already has another stove. If it is absent, the pipe will have to be completely laid out of brick and routed through the attic floor and roof. Another option would be an embedded metal pipe that can be run through the roof or wall.
Characteristics of the “baby” stove:
| Name of characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Thermal output | 1210 W |
| Hob | single burner |
| Chimney passage size | 100×100 mm |
| Height of structure to pipe | 725 mm |
| Width | 505 mm |
| Firebox depth | 737 mm |
| Oven weight | 360 ÷ 370 kg |
| Efficiency | up to 70 ÷ 75% |
To build the “baby” you need to prepare the following materials:
| Item name | Size in mm | Quantity per piece |
|---|---|---|
| Red brick | - | 62 |
| Fireclay brick SHA-8 | - | 37 |
| Cast iron fire door | 210×250 | 1 |
| Cast iron ash door | 140×140 | 1 |
| 350×200 | 1 | |
| 410×340 | 1 | |
| Chimney damper | 130×250 | 1 |
| 500×700 | 1 |
Some craftsmen modernize the “baby” by adding additional useful elements to the design, for example, a water heating tank or an oven.
“Baby”, supplemented with a water heating tank
Oven "Krokha"
Another option for a compact stove for a private residential building is the “crumb” stove, which can be a good help not only in the summer season, but also in winter time.
Oven "crumb" - great option for tight spaces
Unfortunately, not only in spring and autumn the dacha can be damp and cold weather, but it is not uncommon in summer either. That's when the oven becomes an indispensable assistant which will not allow dampness to penetrate into the premises of the house, will create comfortable conditions in order to wait out the rainy period.
The “crumb” stove is often called a “simple” stove, since it does not have complex design, and it is quite possible to try to build it, even if you have no experience as a mason. It won't take up much space, but will bring great benefits.
The designer of this stove is A. Sushkov, who decided to combine compactness and functionality in it. Therefore, the “baby” is suitable not only for a summer house, but also for a house used for living. all year round, as an additional heating device. Of course, one such stove will not be able to heat a large area, but it will easily heat two small rooms, since it is designed for 19 ÷ 20 square meters. m. area of the house.
“Krokha” has the following technical characteristics:
| Name of characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Thermal output with a disposable firebox | 1760 W |
| With a three-time fire | 2940 W |
| Hob | single burner |
| Chimney passage size | 100×100 mm |
| Height of structure to pipe | 2030 mm |
| Width and length at base | 640×770 mm or 3×2.5 bricks |
| Firebox depth | 746 mm |
| Oven weight | 1260 ÷ 1280 kg |
| Efficiency | Up to 70 ÷ 75% |
When burning the stove, its lower section warms up well, and the upper part, the “hood,” slows down the cooling of the stove. In addition, the design has a “summer” stroke, which facilitates kindling and allows you to use the stove for cooking without heating the room.
The stove is designed in three versions, but the third, improved one, is used most often.
Basic scheme of the improved “crumbs”
In this version of the stove, the hob and combustion chamber are located on one side of the building - at the end. The firebox is lined with fireclay fire-resistant bricks, which guarantees longevity operation of the furnace without repair. In addition, this type of laying allows you to use peat, briquettes, and even add coal as fuel, in addition to firewood.
You may be interested in information about how to build
The bottom row under the slab is made to protrude by 30 mm. It is laid out along the entire perimeter of the building - it seems to divide the furnace into two parts - fuel and air-gas. At the top there are channels through which heated air circulates.
This version of the “crumbs” is equipped with a door with fireproof glass, which allows you to use the stove as a fireplace - this is especially convenient if the house has small area, and it is impossible to install a massive structure of a full-fledged stove-fireplace in it.
To lay the “crumb” stove, you need to prepare the following elements and materials:
| Item name | Size in mm | Quantity per piece |
|---|---|---|
| - | 352 | |
| - including figured (rounded) | - | 124 |
| Fireclay brick SHA-8 | - | 21 |
| Glass combustion door in a cast iron frame (DP-308-1S) | 210×250 | 1 |
| Cast iron ash door | 140×140 | 1 |
| Cast iron grate | 350×250 | 1 |
| Single burner cast iron stove | 410×340 | 1 |
| Chimney damper | 130×250 | 1 |
| Metal sheet for flooring in front of the firebox | 500×700 | 1 |
| Steel corner | 40×40×5×520 | 4 |
Design and arrangement of another, completely miniature heating stove- in the presented video:
Video: small-sized heating brick stove
Stove "Swedish"
The “Swedish” can be called the most favorite option for installation, since it is equipped not only with a hob, but also with an oven. Having such a design, the necessary supply of fuel for it and the necessary products, you can overwinter, as they say, without even leaving your home - the stove will both feed and warm you.
Swedish stoves are characterized by increased versatility
The presented Swedish stove is designed to heat a house area of 45 m². Its main characteristics are in the table:
| Name of characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Heat output with double firing | 4600 W |
| Hob | Two-burner or without burners |
| Chimney passage size | 100×250 mm |
| Height of structure to pipe | 2017 mm |
| Width and length at base | 1280×890 mm or 3.5×5 bricks |
| Firebox depth | 500 mm |
| Oven weight | 2900 ÷ 2920 kg |
| Efficiency | up to 70 ÷ 75% |
Fireclay brick lining is carried out around oven and a fuel chamber, but it is not connected to the main walls of the furnace. “Dry” seams are arranged to allow materials to expand due to temperature changes. The opening of the cooking chamber can be made in the form of an arch or have a rectangular shape - this will depend on the desire of the master, since this element does not play a big role in the efficiency of the heating device. The arched design of the chamber is more complex, and to build it you will need a special wooden template and 17 bricks, which are given a special shape.
Swede stove diagram
To build this version of the “Swedish” you need to prepare:
| Item name | Size in mm | Quantity per piece |
|---|---|---|
| Red brick (without chimney) | - | 755 |
| Fireclay brick SHA-8 | - | 63 |
| Cast iron fire door or equipped with fire-resistant glass DTG-3 “Kami” | 210×250 | 1 |
| Cast iron ash door | 140×250 | 1 |
| Cast iron cleaning door | 140×140 | 5 |
| Cast iron grate | 252×250 | 1 |
| Cast iron stove without burners or with two burners | 410×710 | 1 |
| Oven | 310×262×500 | 1 |
| Chimney dampers: | ||
| - “summer mode” | 130×250 | 1 |
| - cooking chamber | 130×130 | 1 |
| - stove chimney | 130×250 | 1 |
| Metal sheet for flooring in front of the firebox | 500×700 | 1 |
| Steel corner | 40×40×4×880 | 2 |
In any case, if preference is given to a brick heating structure, then you should strictly follow the recommendations for its laying, and also strictly follow the “order” diagram, which will need to be found specifically for the selected stove model.
The times when stove heating was the only means of heating a home and cooking food are long gone. Now many people prefer to heat their homes with gas or electric boilers, since they free the owner from the need to worry about procuring fuel for the stove. This is convenient, but there are people who cannot imagine a private home without a stove. She will always help heat the room, prepare food, and she is not afraid of power or gas outages.
A properly made stand and an appropriate hood will allow you to place the stove even in the living room wooden house, where the warmth of the hearth will warm the whole family more than once Source smokenfire.com
Stove heating is still relevant
Despite the fact that now there are many ways to heat your home, a stove for heating a home does not lose its relevance. Beautifully made of brick, lined with stone or decorative tiles, the stove perfectly complements the interior of the house. Cast iron stove or a fireplace also fit perfectly into the overall interior. Many people cannot even imagine their home without a good Russian stove. After all, how nice it is to warm up near the stove in winter, especially since there will always be a place where you can dry your shoes and clothes. Therefore, stoves have always been popular and will remain so for many years to come.
Important Requirements, to which stove heating corresponds:
fire safety;
low consumption of fuel resources;
duration of fuel combustion;
ease of maintenance;
heats up very quickly and at the same time retains heat for a long time and transfers it to the room.
Modern technologies are penetrating all industries - certain changes have also affected the furnace industry. Modern furnaces can be equipped in such a way that they can serve as a heating tank and a generator of electricity from fuel combustion. Many are designed in such a way that one stack of firewood is enough to maintain combustion for a long time.
Stove heating of a private house
There are a huge variety of stove options. Here are just a few of them:
cast iron stoves for heating;
cast iron stoves for heating and cooking;
cast iron stoves based on fireplace design;
brick kilns "Shvedka";
brick ovens for heating and cooking food;
Russian stoves;
brick fireplace stoves;
Dutch brick stoves.
All these types have their advantages and disadvantages. Each stove for heating a home is good in its own way. Below is an example of a classic brick oven.
A carefully made stove will perfectly complement the interior of the house Source zen.yandex.ru
Advantages of the stove heating method
In order to understand the need to install a stove for heating a private home, you need to know a number of its advantages:
absolute autonomy work and independence from external factors, such as turning off water, gas or electricity;
brickwork is capable warm the room for a long time, even if the fire in the firebox has already gone out;
simultaneously with heating the rooms, the stove can use for cooking;
efficiency in terms of the purchase of fuel and the need to pay bills for the general supply of gas, electricity and water, the availability of firewood, compared to peat or coal;
absence overheated and dry air;
just a pleasant atmosphere in the house;
Ease of operation: no high-tech electronic equipment required.
The advantage of a brick oven is that it can be designed according to your wishes and preferences. Source pinterest.com
Disadvantages of stove heating
Along with the advantages, stoves also have negative qualities.
Enough long heating time. This happens because bricks take a long time to heat up.
Some usable space is lost, since the larger the house, the larger the stove will have to be installed.
Heavy weight. If the stove is very large, you will have to build a separate foundation for it.
Uneven heating all rooms, that is, the further the room is from the stove, the more time it will take to heat it, warm air will get to her last.
What is taken into account when choosing
Choosing which stove to install is not so easy. Stoves are made of brick and metal. Usually cast iron is used as a metal: it holds heat the longest.
When choosing the dimensions of the furnace, its shape, and material, several factors should be taken into account:
Number of heated rooms. For one or two rooms, a small metal stove is sufficient. For larger houses with more rooms, a brick oven should be installed. It can be supplemented with a water circuit that stretches through all the rooms. This option allows you to increase the efficiency of the stove, as well as heat all rooms more quickly and efficiently.
Room dimensions. It is logical to assume that a large brick stove will simply take up the entire space of a small room.
The type of fuel on which the future furnace will operate. It can be gas, firewood, peat, coal. Combined devices are often used, but they have their own design and this must be taken into account.
In the old days, stoves were installed in the center of the house. They went out on each side into all the rooms, heating each of them. Massive stoves take a very long time to cool down, so after lighting you can be sure that all rooms will be heated. During installation, you will need to additionally cut a hole in the roof for the pipe to exit. In general, a place for a stove should be laid out at the stage of building a house. A well-chosen location is the key to effective use of the stove’s functionality, because it can not only heat, but also cook.
When designing a house, you can plan the location of the stove and design a pipeline for heating distant rooms and heating water Source luchtepla.ru
Even when choosing a stove for country house you will have to think about the following points:
where the stove will be installed;
what size will it be;
how the chimney will exit: through the wall or through the roof;
if the stove is brick, you will have to cut through the floor and prepare an additional foundation for it;
provide fire safety measures;
construction companies that offer house insulation services
Schemes and designs of stove heating in the house
Stove heating of a private house is divided into several types according to the design of the firebox:
Direct flow. Basically, such stoves are made of brick. The principle of their operation is to pass a flow of air through the ash pan, then through the grate, maintaining the combustion of fuel, and then exits through the pipe, already in the form of smoke. The big drawback of this design is its very low efficiency: a significant part of the heat, in the literal sense, simply flies out into the chimney. Once-through furnaces are equipped with special valves that close when the fuel burns out and stops producing carbon monoxide. This allows you to maintain the heat for a long time. Also, to increase the efficiency, during assembly of the furnace, broken glass can be placed in it, which holds the temperature for a very long time.
Duct. The main feature of such stoves is a system of channels through which smoke moves and uniformly heats the entire stove. Thanks to this solution, the entire structure heats up faster and retains heat well. The heating rate depends directly on the length of the channels and their number.
Kolpakovaya. The operating principle is based on the movement of flow gases in a natural way. First, they fill the cap, where they cool and then come out on their own through a special cover. This allows the stove to heat evenly and quickly, which then retains heat for a long time, heating the room. Unlike the first two options, this design is easy to maintain. Soot can be easily removed from the hood through a special hole, whereas in the first two cases you will have to clean the chimneys and pipe, which is not very convenient.
Water circuit. This is not a firebox design, but a fairly common element of the heating circuit that can be installed on any stove. You just need to add a heating tank to the firebox or a coil on the pipe.
Types of furnace equipment
Furnace equipment means structural elements, which are used during installation and operation of the stove. IN cast iron stoves they are already included in the kit from the manufacturer, but if you connect an additional water circuit to them, you will have to purchase additional elements for the stove:
Pipes. These can be plastic or metal pipes. Preference is always given to metal ones, as they are more reliable, but plastic ones are cheaper. Minus plastic pipes is the possibility of their melting at the joints with metal. Metal ones do not have this drawback.
Diaphragm (expansion) tank. It is necessary to maintain constant pressure in the pipes. When heated, the water begins to expand and enter this tank, so the pipes will not collapse from excess pressure. When cooling, excess water from the tank begins to gradually flow back into the pipes.
You can’t do without an expansion tank with any method of heating your home. Source koffkindom.ru
Radiators. They are usually installed directly under the windows. They increase the heat transfer of the water circuit.
Water pump. It is required for water circulation in the circuit. Its installation helps to quickly heat the room, since the heated water quickly enters the radiators and heats the room. Without a pump, the movement of water through the pipes is carried out by gravity, but for this it is necessary to make special slopes, calculate the difference in heights and the difference in temperatures of the first circuit with heated water and the second circuit with cooled water - it is also called return.
Heat exchanger. It is installed in the furnace firebox, above it, or on the chimney. All options have their advantages and disadvantages. This is a kind of boiler in which water will subsequently be heated. For chimneys, the heating tank is made in the form of a coil; for a firebox, it can have an arbitrary shape, but it is very important that it has a sufficient area of contact with the stove flame.
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer installation services for stoves and fireplaces. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.
Wood stoves for heating a private home
Wood burning stoves have long been the most popular heating device, since firewood is most often the most accessible source of heat.
There are several types of ovens:
with water circuit;
simultaneously cooking and heating;
long burning.
The choice of wood stoves can be made from the simplest in design to the most complex. Here are options for some of them:
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wood burning boiler;
a stove with a cooking surface;
stove with the ability to burn wood for a long time;
Russian stove.
"potbelly stove";
classic oven;
pyrolysis oven;
Video description
About the wood stove in the heating system, see the following video:
When choosing, you should first of all pay attention to the technical and operational characteristics:
dimensions of the furnace itself;
availability of additional devices;
thermal capacity;
the material from which it is made.
Brick and metal are the most popular materials for stove construction Source teplomact.ru
Choosing a wood stove for home heating
Variants and modifications of modern heating stoves there are a huge variety. As the number of options increases, the problem of choice always arises. Usually guided by the following principles:
The size of the stove should be selected based on the dimensions of the room and the number of heated rooms;
functional purpose: cooking, heating, combined;
correct selection oven power.
Everyone's taste preferences are different. It is difficult to give advice on this matter. You must always proceed from the functional purpose of the stove. If the stove just needs to heat, then you can take it to a separate room. If you like an open fire, next to which you can sit on a cold winter evening, then you should choose a design that allows installation inside the house. Such a stove will perfectly complement the interior of the room.
Video description
Watch the video about choosing a wood stove:
Correct oven placement
As in the old days, building a house begins with planning the placement of the stove. There are some rules to follow:
The area of the room must be more than 16 square meters.
You should not install it close to a stone wall, then most of the heat will be transferred to the outside of the house. But in wooden houses this is not at all recommended for fire safety reasons.
A heavy stove will eventually break any joists and rafters, so for brick stove a separate foundation is needed.
Large stove with storage for firewood and a stove bench separating the kitchen and living room Source argo-project.ru
If the goal is to heat as much as possible more rooms, then it should be installed so that the stove is part of all these rooms. It is installed in the partitions of rooms in such a way that its walls or corners fall into these rooms.
This is how, for example, stoves were installed in the old days in many village huts. The stove is located in the center, and the rooms are located around its perimeter. This is a classic option for placing a stove. The whole house is heated at the same time.
If the layout consists of two rooms: common room and kitchen, then it makes more sense to take the main part into the room, and the hob and firebox into the kitchen.
Fire safety requirements for stove heating at home
Before installing a stove, you should think about fire safety in advance, since during combustion the stove will heat up to a high temperature. To avoid fire when installing the stove, the following must be observed: security measures:
The oven needs to be installed at some distance from the wall. Firstly, there will be no direct contact with the wall, especially if the surfaces are wooden. Stone walls will further cool the stove, which will affect fuel consumption. Secondly, the air in this gap will heat up, and not the wall itself;
The walls where the stove is installed should be additionally cover with non-combustible material. Sheet slate is ideal for these purposes. It conducts heat poorly and does not ignite. All walls should be sheathed in places where the future stove will even indirectly come into contact with the wall;
Video description
Clearly about fire safety stove heating in the following video:
If the walls are decorated with flammable materials, then distance there should be at least half a meter between them and the stove;
Be sure to place it next to the firebox metal sheet or any other non-combustible material, for example slate. If the oven is made of brick, then you can lay out an additional container from it. This is done in case coals accidentally fall out of the firebox.
To protect the walls and floor from fire, you can lay heat-resistant tiles around the stove Source kakprosto.ru
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer construction audit services. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.
Selection of materials for the furnace
Main building material for stoves is a brick that is laid on clay or a special mortar that can withstand high temperatures. The bricks themselves are also used specially - fire-resistant, for laying stoves.
There are also special facing bricks for exterior finishing. They have a curly shape and lower thermal conductivity properties. Cladding also helps to avoid sudden temperature changes between the room and brickwork, which has a detrimental effect on the brick.
The brick chosen is solid - it has good heat capacity and heat transfer. The highest quality brick is used for the chimney, since temperature differences outside the house are much greater than indoors.
Brick options for laying a stove and chimney may be different, but it is important that the material can withstand the loads placed on it Source tproekt.com
How stove and water heating are combined
Water heating from a stove helps to significantly increase the efficiency of the stove. Although small in size, a stove with a water circuit is capable of heating large areas.
To organize water heating, a heat exchanger is built into the body of the stove, and sometimes it is built into the chimney. Next, pipes are supplied to the heat exchanger, which are subsequently connected to radiators. An expansion tank and pump are installed on the return line. A pump is not necessary, but it helps circulate water in the pipes. Thanks to good circulation, the rooms begin to be heated as soon as the stove is fired. A drainage system is also required to be installed. If the stove will not be used for a long time, for example, in winter, then the water from the system must be drained so that it does not freeze in the pipes and damage them.
Video description
You can see about water heating from a wood stove in the following video:
Equipment for water stove heating
For the water circuit you will need:
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radiators;
water pump;
expansion tank;
heat exchanger;
thermometer;
With a well-thought-out layout, stove heating can heat sufficiently big house on 2-3 floors Source lestorg32.ru
How to make a foundation for a stove correctly
For stoves with a low weight of up to 250 kg, a foundation is not needed at all. But for heavy brick structures it is necessary. Here you need to know that the stove is not placed on the main foundation of the house, since heat will escape through it to the outside.
The type of foundation is chosen separately in each case - depending on the foundation of the house and other factors. Most often they use monolithic, block or pile.
The foundation for the stove should be laid during the construction of the house. Therefore, its location should be determined in advance. If the stove needs to be installed in an already rebuilt house, and the floors in it are wooden, then you will have to cut through the floor and dig a pit for installing the foundation.
The base for the stove should not be in contact with the main foundation of the house and be at least 5 cm away from it. It is best to place a large, massive brick stove in the center of the house. This is the most optimal solution for uniform heating of rooms.
How to light a stove correctly
Before lighting the stove, it should be prepared - clean the firebox and ash pan so that the remaining coals and ash do not interfere with the burning of new firewood. Next, you need to put the required volume of firewood into the firebox so that there is space for air exchange. To ignite, place a piece of paper under the logs, which is set on fire from the side of the ash pit.
Conclusion
Even despite the widespread use of modern heating devices, wood-burning and other solid fuel stoves remain in demand for country houses. Even if we do not take into account the practical and economic side of its use, decorative effect stoves in the interior are difficult to overestimate. The only difficulty that may arise if you want to install stove heating is to find a competent stove-maker. Despite the popularity of brick stoves, there are not many qualified craftsmen who know all the intricacies of the stove business.
In many private homes, heating with wood and stoves remains a priority. Some people have a metal stove, others a brick one, but they have one thing in common - this type of heating is not the most convenient. Too much attention and not enough comfort. The solution is stove heating with a water circuit.
Stove heating with a water circuit is an opportunity to combine tradition and comfort
First, let's understand the terminology. When people say “stove,” they most often mean a heating device made of brick that is heated with wood. But often this is also the name given to a metal stove burning wood or coal. The operating principles of brick and metal units are the same, but the method of heat transfer changes. Metal ones have a greater convective component (most of the heat is transferred by air), while brick ones have a predominant thermal radiation - from the walls of the furnace and the heated walls of the house. Our article is mainly about brick stoves, but most of the information can also be applied to metal wood-burning (coal) units. Stove heating with a water circuit can be made using any type of stove.
Conventional stove heating: advantages and disadvantages
In our country, houses were traditionally heated brick kilns, but gradually this type of heating was replaced by water systems. All this is because, along with its advantages, simple stove heating has a lot of disadvantages. First, about the advantages:
Today, stove heating is perceived more as exotic, as it is very rare. We can’t argue that it’s very pleasant to be near a warm stove. A special atmosphere is created. But there are also many serious disadvantages:
As you can see, the shortcomings are significant, but some of them can be leveled out if you build a heat exchanger into the stove, which is connected to a water heating system. This system is also called stove water heating or stove heating with a water circuit.
Water stove heating
When organizing water heating from a stove, a heat exchanger (water circuit) is built into the firebox, which is connected to the radiators through pipes. A coolant circulates in the system, which carries heat from the stove to the radiators. This solution increases the comfort of living in winter. The thing is that radiators can be installed in any room, that is, the stove can be in one room, and all other rooms will be heated by radiators through which heated water runs.
The remaining disadvantages of stove heating remain, but the advantages of water heating are added - you can regulate the temperature in each room (within certain limits), greater inertia smoothes out unevenness temperature regime. By the way, the same scheme works with metal stoves on wood or coal.
Types of systems
There are two types of water heating systems: forced and natural circulation (EC). Heating with natural circulation is energy-independent (no electricity is required for operation), circulates due to natural physical processes. The disadvantage of this heating method is the need to use pipes large diameter, that is, the volume of the system will be large and will have greater inertia. This is not very good when lighting the stove - it will take a long time to heat up. But after burning out, the house retains heat longer.
Another disadvantage is that to create conditions for the movement of coolant, the supply pipe is raised up - to the ceiling or to the level of the radiators (as a last resort). When heating a two-story house, the pipe goes upstairs from the boiler, routes through the radiators, and then goes down and bypasses the radiators on the lower floor.
Another important drawback is the relatively low heating efficiency of systems with EC - the coolant moves slowly and carries little heat.
Stove heating with water circuit and forced circulation It is distinguished by the presence of a circulation pump (pictured below), which operates constantly. Its task is to drive water at a certain speed. By changing this speed you can change the intensity of heating of the premises. This leads to the fact that, other things being equal, such heating is more efficient. But for the system to operate, power is required—the pump must run constantly. When it stops, the system boils and fails. If power outages occur rarely for you, it is enough to have a set of batteries. If the lights are turned off often and for a long time, you will also have to install a generator, and the total cost of such a solution is considerable.
Stove heating diagram with a water circuit and circulation pump
There is also a third type of system: mixed or combined. Everything is designed for natural circulation, but is placed circulation pump. As long as there is electricity, the heating operates as forced heating (with a pump); when the lights are turned off, the coolant moves on its own.
Heat accumulator
Since the stove is not heated constantly, but has a cyclic operating algorithm, the house is either hot or cold. And the presence of radiators does not help much from this. Although the differences are not so critical, they still exist. There is especially not enough warmth at night, and I really don’t want to get up and drown. To solve this problem, a powerful stove is installed, and a heat accumulator is built into the system. This is a large container filled with coolant, which stands between the stove and the heating system.
Stove heating with water circuit and heat accumulator
That is, there are two separate independent circuits. The first one transfers heat from the furnace and is usually made with natural circulation. The second drives the coolant into the radiators, and there is usually a circulation pump present.
This method of organizing water stove heating is good because while the stove is heating, the water in the container is actively heated. If calculated correctly, it heats up to 60-80°C, which is enough to maintain the normal temperature of the radiators for about 10-12 hours. There is no particular heat or extreme cold. The atmosphere is quite comfortable.
Installing a heat accumulator in the system (sometimes also called a buffer or buffer tank) also reduces the risk of the system boiling. The second circuit will definitely never boil, but to prevent the first from boiling, it is necessary to calculate it correctly - so that even in natural circulation mode the coolant moves at a sufficient speed and does not have time to overheat.
Furnace register
To heat the coolant, a water circuit is built into the furnace (also called a register, heat exchanger, coil, water jacket). It can be of any shape, but most often they are made into rectangular flat containers or a set of pipes connected into a single system (such as radiators).
To connect the heat exchanger to the system, two pipes are welded into it: one on top - for intake hot water, second from the bottom - for pumping cooled water from the return pipeline.
Questions often arise with determining the size of the water circuit for the furnace. It can be approximately calculated based on the heat loss of the building. It is believed that to transfer 10 kW of heat, a heat exchanger area of 1 sq. m is required. m. But at the same time, you need to take into account the operating time of the stove - after all, it is not heated all the time. While it is not very cold - once a day for about 1.5 hours, when it is cold - twice. During this time, it is necessary for the oven to heat all the water in the heat accumulator. Therefore, the heat exchanger area is calculated based on the daily amount of heat required to compensate for heat loss.
For example, let the heat loss for a house be 12 kW/hour. This will be 288 kW per day. The stove is heated, even for 3 hours, all the necessary heat should accumulate during this time. Then required power water circuit for the furnace - 288 / 3 = 96 kW. To convert it into area, we divide by 10, we get that for these conditions, the register area should be 9.6 m2. What form you choose is up to you. It is important that the outer surface of the register is no smaller.
Well, a couple more points. The first is that the furnace power must be greater than the found heat exchanger power. Otherwise, the required amount of heat simply will not be released. The second nuance: the capacity of the heat accumulator must also match - it should be approximately 10-15% larger. In this case, boiling of the coolant is prevented.
Just remember that the heat capacity of water and antifreeze is very different. The battery with antifreeze as a coolant must be significantly larger than the water tank (in the same system).
What else is worth remembering is that it is advisable to insulate the heat accumulator well so that it retains heat longer. In this case, stove heating with a water circuit will be even more economical.
Is it possible to install a heating register in an existing furnace?
It would be more correct, of course, to build the furnace around the manufactured register. But, if the stove is already standing, you can still build a water circuit into it. True, you will have to try hard - they are of considerable size and must somehow hold on. So the task is not an easy one. In addition, do not forget that you will have to make two more conclusions - to connect the supply and return pipelines.
The best option is to make a water jacket under the shape of the stove (this one is for a metal stove with burners)
Finding a place to locate the register is also not very easy. Its direct contact with fire is very undesirable, but it should be in an environment of hot gases. In this case, you can hope that the heat exchanger will last a long time.
There are many ways to heat a private home using gas and electricity. But despite the abundance modern methods, stove heating is still relevant when arranging country houses and cottages.
Agree, nothing emphasizes the flavor of a Russian hut more than a wood-burning stove. Besides, solid fuel heating It is considered one of the economical options.
The organization of a heating system begins with the selection of furnace equipment and determination of the type of heating circuit. We suggest you understand the structure and operating principles of water and air heating based on the stove. For a better understanding of the issue, we have supplemented the material with diagrams and visual photographs.
The reason for the stable preference that owners of private houses give to the stove heating option is the availability of firewood, fuel briquettes or coal.
The disadvantage is the limited space to be processed, which can be eliminated by installing a water and air system based on a brick aggregate.
The specifics of heating low-rise buildings with a stove are presented in the photo selection:
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