Air and thermal curtains
I did an automation project for fairly simple single-phase thermal curtains equipped with a single-phase electric heater with a power of 5 kW and having a built-in thermostat. The curtains were supposed to be placed in the passage at the entrance and exit from the premises. It was supposed to automate control in accordance with SNiP 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning", turn on the air curtain by a door opening sensor and turn it off when the room temperature reaches the set value according to a common thermostat, adjustable run-out of the curtain. In accordance with SNIP 2.04.05-91 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning", the inclusion of the air curtain should be blocked with the opening of the doors. Automatic shutdown of the air curtain should be provided after the doors and the restoration of the rated room air temperature. Thus, at open door(the state of the doors is controlled by magnetic contact sensors) corresponding thermal curtain will be turned on, the air curtain will work until the temperature in the room is restored to normal (set on the thermostat). On thermostat TS pos. 1 it is necessary to limit the range of temperature regulation with the help of limiters located under the thermostat cover. Terminals X1-X2 have been provided for centralized control. If necessary, install a jumper (make from wire PV3). On the time relays KT1, KT2, set the function "time delay when the control pulse is turned off with instant closing of the output - "e". On the time relay, set the time for the minimum operation of the air curtain, to prevent frequent switching on and off of the air curtains, 30-180 seconds. On the thermostat For thermal curtains, it is recommended to set the temperature limiting the activation of the curtain.
At the last moment, the decision was abandoned, because. The customer chose more expensive curtains with adjustable airflow direction, where such automation was implemented as additional equipment.
AIR CURTAIN from SNiP 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning"
Clause 7.7.1 Air and air curtains should provide for:
a) at permanently open openings in the outer walls of the premises, as well as at gates and openings in the outer walls that do not have vestibules and open more than five times or for at least 40 minutes per shift, in areas with an estimated outdoor temperature of minus 15 ° C and below (parameters B);
b) at the outer doors of the lobbies of public and administrative buildings - depending on the design temperature, ° C, outside air (parameters B) and the number of people passing through the doors for 1 hour:
from minus 15 to minus 25 - 400 people. and more;
» » 26 » » 40 - 250 people and more;
below minus 40 - 100 people. and more;
c) upon justification - at the outer doors of buildings, if rooms without a vestibule, equipped with air conditioning systems, adjoin the lobby;
d) at external doors, gates and openings of premises with a wet regime;
e) upon justification - at openings in internal walls and partitions industrial premises to prevent air from flowing from one room to another;
f) upon justification - at the gates, doors and openings of rooms with air conditioning or according to the design assignment, or according to special technological requirements.
The heat supplied by intermittent air curtains should not be taken into account in the air and heat balances of the building.
7.7.2 Air and air-thermal curtains at external openings, gates and doors should be calculated taking into account wind pressure. The air flow rate should be determined, taking the outside air temperature and wind speed at parameters B, but not more than 5 m/s. If the wind speed at parameters B is less than at parameters A, then the air heaters should be checked for parameters A. Velocity, m/s, of air outlet from slots or holes air curtains should be taken no more than:
8 - at the outer doors;
25 - at the gates and technological openings.
7.7.3 The design temperature, °C, of the mixture of air entering the room through external doors, gates and openings, should be taken at least:
12 - for industrial premises with light work and work of medium severity and for the lobbies of public and administrative buildings;
5 - for industrial premises with hard work and the absence of permanent jobs at a distance of 6 m or less from doors, gates and openings.
POWER SUPPLY AND AUTOMATION OF THERMAL CURTAIN from SNiP 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning"
12.1 Electrical installations of heating, ventilation, air conditioning and smoke ventilation systems must comply with the requirements of the electrical installation rules (PUE) and state standards for electrical installations of buildings, taking into account the requirements of this section.
12.2 Electrical receivers of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems should be provided for the same category that is established for electrical receivers of technological or engineering equipment building.
The power supply of emergency ventilation and smoke protection systems, except for systems for removing gases and smoke after a fire (8.12), should be of the first category. Systems for removing gases and smoke after a fire are allowed to design the first category according to the design assignment. If it is impossible, according to local conditions, to power the first category electrical receivers from two independent sources, it is allowed to power them from one source from different transformers of a two-transformer substation or from two nearby single-transformer substations. In this case, the substations must be connected to different supply lines laid along different routes, and have automatic transfer devices, as a rule, on the low voltage side.
For supply systems ventilation, the power supply of the frost protection control circuits should be carried out in the first category. It is allowed to perform power supply according to the second category when organizing separate power supply for the fan electric drive and the automation panel of the supply system.
In the control circuits of electrical receivers, thermal and maximum protection should not be provided.
12.3 In buildings and premises equipped with smoke ventilation systems, automatic fire alarm.
In rooms equipped with an automatic water (foam) fire extinguishing system, smoke exhaust zones must coincide with sprinkler fire extinguishing zones.
12.4 For buildings and premises equipped with automatic settings fire extinguishing or automatic fire alarm, automatic blocking of electrical receivers of systems should be provided. air heating, except for air-thermal curtains for ventilation, air conditioning (hereinafter referred to as ventilation systems), with electric receivers of smoke protection systems for:
a) shutdown of ventilation systems in case of fire, except for systems for supplying air to the vestibule locks of rooms of categories A and B, as well as in engine rooms elevators of buildings of categories A and B. Disconnection can be made:
- centrally interrupting the power supply to the switchboards of ventilation systems;
- individually for each system.
When using equipment and automation equipment supplied with the equipment of ventilation systems, shutdown of supply systems in case of fire should be carried out individually for each system while maintaining the power supply to the anti-freeze circuits. If it is impossible to save the power supply to the anti-freeze protection circuits, it is allowed to turn off the systems by applying signals from the fire alarm system to the circuit. remote control system.
When organizing a shutdown in case of fire using an automatic device with an independent release, a check of the signal transmission line for shutdown should be carried out;
b) activation of emergency smoke protection systems (except for the systems specified in 8.12) in case of fire;
c) opening fire and smoke dampers in the room or smoke zone in which the fire occurred, or in the corridor on the fire floor and closing the fire dampers.
Smoke and fire dampers, smoke hatches, transoms (sashes) and other opening devices of mines, lanterns and windows intended for smoke protection must have automatic, remote and manual (at installation sites) control.
For buildings that provide for the dispatching of engineering equipment, as well as when placing a large number valves in hard-to-reach places smoke and fire dampers with automatic, remote and manual control should be used.
Notes
1 The need for partial or complete shutdown of ventilation systems, closing fire and opening fire and smoke dampers - according to the design assignment.
2 For premises with only a manual fire alarm system, provision should be made for remote shutdown of ventilation systems serving these premises and activation of smoke protection systems.
Disabling ventilation systems and enabling smoke protection systems can be performed from signals manual call points fire alarm systems installed on escape routes.
If there is a need to turn on fire pumps from buttons at fire hydrants, this signal can be used to turn off ventilation systems and turn on smoke protection systems.
12.5 Premises with automatic fire alarms must be equipped with remote devices located outside the premises they serve.
If there are requirements for the simultaneous shutdown of all ventilation systems in rooms of categories A and B, remote devices should be provided outside the building.
For rooms of categories B1-B4, it is allowed to provide for remote shutdown of ventilation systems for individual zones with an area of at least 3000 m2.
12.6 For the equipment of metal pipelines and air ducts of heating and ventilation systems of rooms of categories A and B, as well as local exhaust systems that remove explosive mixtures, grounding should be provided in accordance with the requirements of the PUE.
12.7 The level of automation and control of systems should be selected depending on technological requirements, economic feasibility and design assignments.
12.8 The parameters of the coolant (coolant) and air must be controlled in the following systems:
a) internal heat supply - the temperature and pressure of the coolant in the common supply and return pipelines in the room for supply ventilation equipment; temperature and pressure - at the outlet of the heat exchangers;
b) heating with local heating devices - air temperature in the control rooms (at the request of the technological part of the project);
c) air heating and supply ventilation- supply air temperature and air temperature in the control room (at the request of the technological part of the project);
d) air showering - the temperature of the supplied air;
e) air conditioning - the temperature of the air outside, recirculating, supply air after the irrigation chamber or surface air cooler and in the premises; relative humidity indoor air (with its regulation);
f) cold supply - the temperature of the coolant before and after each heat exchange or mixing device, the pressure of the coolant in the common pipeline;
g) ventilation and air conditioning with filters, static pressure chambers, heat recovery units - air pressure and air pressure difference (on request specifications equipment or operating conditions).
12.9 Remote control devices should be provided for measuring the main parameters; to measure other parameters, local instruments (portable or stationary) should be provided.
For several systems, the equipment of which is located in the same room, as a rule, one common device should be provided for measuring temperature and pressure in the supply pipeline and individual appliances on the return pipelines of the equipment.
When using controllers with analog sensors, it is allowed not to install instrumentation for visual observation.
12.10 Equipment operation alarm (“On”, “Emergency”) should be provided for systems:
a) ventilation of premises without natural ventilation of industrial, administrative and public buildings;
b) local suctions that remove harmful substances of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes or explosive mixtures;
c) general exchange exhaust ventilation premises of categories A and B;
d) exhaust ventilation of the premises of warehouses of categories A and B, in which the deviation of controlled parameters from the norm can lead to an accident.
Note - Requirements relating to rooms without natural ventilation do not apply to latrines, smoking rooms, dressing rooms and other similar rooms.
12.11 remote control and registration of the main parameters in heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems should be designed according to technological requirements and according to the design assignment.
The amount of information transmitted from the local automation panel to the control panel (console) is determined by the design assignment, taking into account the operating conditions of the systems.
12.12 Automatic control of parameters should be designed for systems:
a) heating performed in accordance with 6.2.3;
b) air heating and showering;
c) supply and exhaust ventilation operating with variable air flow, as well as with a variable mixture of outdoor and recirculated air;
d) supply ventilation (if justified);
e) conditioning;
f) refrigeration supply;
g) local additional humidification of indoor air;
h) floor heating of buildings in accordance with 6.1.5, with the exception of systems connected to district heating networks.
Note - For public, administrative and amenity and industrial buildings, as a rule, software regulation of parameters should be provided to ensure a reduction in heat consumption.
12.13 Sensors for monitoring and regulating air parameters should be placed at characteristic points in the serviced or working area of the premises in places where they are not affected by heated or cooled surfaces and supply air jets. It is allowed to place sensors in recirculation (or exhaust) air ducts if the air parameters in them do not differ from the air parameters in the room or differ by a constant value.
12.14 Automatic blocking should be provided for:
a) opening and closing of the outside air dampers when the fans are turned on and off;
b) opening and closing valves of ventilation systems connected by air ducts for full or partial interchangeability in case of failure of one of the systems;
c) closing fire dampers (8.12) on air ducts for rooms protected by gas or powder fire extinguishing when the fans of the ventilation systems of these premises are turned off;
d) turning on the backup equipment in case of failure of the main one according to the design assignment;
e) turning on and off the supply of coolant when turning on and off the air heaters and heating units;
f) switching on emergency ventilation systems in case of formation in the air working area concentration rooms harmful substances exceeding the MPC or DAC, as well as the concentration of combustible substances in the air of the room, exceeding 10% of the NKPRP gas, steam, dust-air mixture.
12.15 Automatic blocking of fans of local exhaust systems and general ventilation systems specified in 7.2.4 and 7.2.5, which do not have standby fans, with process equipment should ensure equipment shutdown when the fan fails, and if it is impossible to stop the process equipment, the alarm will turn on.
12.16 For systems with variable outdoor or supply air flow rates, interlocks should be provided to ensure minimum flow outside air.
12.17 For exhaust ventilation with air purification in wet dust collectors, automatic blocking of the fan with a device for supplying water to dust collectors should be provided, ensuring:
a) turning on the water supply when the fan is turned on;
b) stop the fan when the water supply is interrupted or the water level in the dust collector drops;
c) the impossibility of turning on the fan in the absence of water or when the water level in the dust collector drops below the set value.
12.18 Switching on of the air curtain should be blocked with the opening of gates, doors and technological openings. Automatic shutdown of the air curtain should be provided after closing the gates, doors or technological openings and restoring the rated room air temperature, providing for the reduction of the coolant flow to the minimum, ensuring the non-freezing of water.
When using systems with electric air heaters, protection against overheating of the air heaters should be provided.
12.19 Automatic protection against freezing of water in air heaters should be provided in areas with an estimated outdoor temperature for the cold season of minus 5 °C and below (parameters B).
12.20 Dispatching systems should be designed for industrial, residential, public and administrative buildings in which dispatching is provided technological processes or work of engineering equipment.
12.21 The accuracy of maintaining meteorological conditions during conditioning (if there are no special requirements) should be taken at the points of installation of sensors for systems:
a) the first and second classes - ± 1 ° С in temperature and ± 7% in relative humidity;
b) with local air conditioners-closers and mixers with individual direct-acting temperature controllers - ±2 °С.
Dear Baby Roo
For your:
"State expertise to turn off air conditioning systems requires"
It’s not Gods that work there, not even angels, and not computers…
People, people make mistakes.
For different reasons.
They do not deeply own ALL the boundless sea of information.
Rush.
Steriopit.
Himself a sinner, he worked in one of the examinations.
The project was given 30-20 minutes along with writing the conclusion.
Projects naturally brought on a cart, volumes.
10-12 projects per day.
In terms of diversity and complexity - mother do not cry, as they say.
In norm, its essence sometimes there is no time to penetrate.
When, there, to understand, a SYSTEM, not a SYSTEM ... it is better not to miss an error than to miss it.
The GIP came and defended, if it mattered to him.
The item was removed, for which, of course, they did not stroke the head.
But there were very persistent and competent GUIs.
For information on the topic.
(From another thread).
Maybe it will help to work with a stupid expert.
Materials of the workshop
FGU "Glavgosexperza of Russia" on June 9, 2009 on the application of the Technical Regulations on the requirements fire safety
For quality examination and detection of all violations technical requirements related to the object in question, requires high qualifications, which are acquired in the process of many years practical work with regulations and project documentation. Therefore, the reliability of the novice Expert Advisor is 0.16-0.2. To an acceptable level, the reliability of the expert's work increases within 10-12 years.
This is due to the presence of a large volume of conceptually complex and interconnected regulatory requirements, the number of which exceeds 60,000. With the introduction of codes of fire safety rules with a reduction in the number of regulatory documents, the number of regulatory requirements increases and they become more complicated. The enormous possibilities of a person's long-term memory are offset by the limited capabilities of RAM, which ensures professional activity in conditions of time pressure and information overload.
. The enormous possibilities of a person's long-term memory are leveled by the limited capabilities of operative memory, which ensures professional activity in conditions of time pressure and information overload.
Interpretation of fire safety requirements
In accordance with the provisions of Article.Article. 15, 18, 34, 55 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation; st.st. 1-3 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and Art. 4, 7 federal law"On technical regulation" requirements for the protection of property are interpreted as requirements for the protection of another's property.
In the presence of regulatory conflicts that cause irremovable doubts, fire safety requirements are interpreted in favor of the developer (customer).
1. Responsibility of experts
for poor-quality examination
Criminal liability occurs:
under article 169 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation "Obstruction of the lawful entrepreneurial activity”, in cases of inclusion in the fire safety systems of objects of high-cost fire-fighting measures aimed at protecting the developer’s own property, causing harm to him in the form of lost profits, and violating the requirements of Art. 7 part 2 of the Federal Law "On technical regulation";
under article 293 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation "Negligence" in connection with Art.Article. 217 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Violation of safety rules at explosive facilities” and 219 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Violation of fire safety rules”, in cases of death of people or causing serious harm to their health in fires, if there is a causal relationship with specific violations of fire safety requirements.
Civil (property) liability arises in the presence of harm caused to the owner by the acquisition of an object with violations of fire safety requirements made during the design, examination and construction by organizations performing these works.
Administrative responsibility of the heads of examination bodies and their structural divisions under Article 3.11 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation “Disqualification” occurs based on the results of prosecutorial checks of complaints and statements legal entities and citizens, in cases of incorrect qualification of violations of fire safety requirements during the examination of project documentation.
2. Legal basis
application of fire safety requirements
Article 15 of the Constitution Russian Federation
1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation has the highest legal force, direct effect and is applied throughout the territory of the Russian Federation. Laws and other legal acts adopted in the Russian Federation must not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Article 18 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation
The rights and freedoms of man and citizen are directly applicable. They determine the meaning, content and application of laws, the activities of the legislative and executive authorities, local self-government and are provided with justice.
Article 34 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation
1. Everyone has the right to free use of his abilities and property for entrepreneurial and other economic activities not prohibited by law.
Article 54 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation
1. A law establishing or aggravating liability has no retroactive effect.
2. No one can be held responsible for an act that was not recognized as an offense at the time of its commission. If, after the offense has been committed, liability for it has been eliminated or mitigated, the new law shall apply.
Article 55 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation
3. The rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen may be limited by federal law only to the extent necessary to protect the foundations of the constitutional order, morality, health, rights and legitimate interests of other persons, to ensure the defense of the country and the security of the state.
Article 1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation
2. Civil rights may be restricted on the basis of a federal law and only to the extent necessary to protect the foundations of the constitutional order, morality, health, rights and legitimate interests of other persons, to ensure the defense of the country and the security of the state.
Article 2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation
1. Civil legislation regulates relations between persons engaged in entrepreneurial activity, or with their participation, based on the fact that entrepreneurial activity is an independent activity carried out at one's own risk.
Article 3 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation
2. The rules of civil law contained in other laws must comply with this Code.
Articles 167, 168 and 219 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation provide for criminal liability only for the destruction of other people's property, as well as for violations of fire safety rules that caused serious harm to people's health or their death.
Article 14 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation
4. A guilty verdict cannot be based on assumptions.
Article 1.5 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses
4. Irremovable doubts about the guilt of a person brought to administrative responsibility shall be interpreted in favor of this person.
Article 3.12 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses
1. ... Administrative suspension of activities is applied by the court in the event of a threat to the life and health of people ... causing significant harm to the condition or quality environment ….
Article 7 of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation"
2. The requirements of technical regulations cannot serve as an obstacle to the implementation of entrepreneurial activity to a greater extent than is the minimum necessary to achieve the goals specified in paragraph 1 of Article 6 of this Federal Law.
Article 6 of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation"
1. Technical regulations are adopted in order to: protect the life or health of citizens, property of individuals or legal entities, state or municipal property;
protection of the environment, life or health of animals and plants; prevention of actions that mislead purchasers.
2. Adoption of technical regulations for other purposes is not allowed.
I'm not going to give clear answers, I'm just thinking about this topic ...
1) ALL (!) Freons(!) upon contact with flames and hot surfaces (t>400 °C), they can decompose with the formation of highly toxic products, in particular phosgene, as well as hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids;
2) There is such a thing as thermal decomposition of freon, for example, R22 will thermally decompose when exposed through steel pipe within 1-5 seconds of temperature +280C. It follows that after a fire in the room where the indoor or outdoor units of the air conditioner are installed, or in the room through which the pipeline with refrigerant passes, it is necessary to check whether the refrigerant has decomposed, and even better, replace it immediately, due to clause 3 ...
3) Almost all refrigeration oils have a decomposition temperature in the range from +140 to +200 C, refrigeration oils are completely soluble with the refrigerant, therefore, in fact, the refrigerant with a certain oil content circulates through the system. Under the influence high temperature in a fire, the oil will decompose. Accordingly, it needs to be replaced.
4) Based on paragraphs. 2 and 3, it is impossible to operate the air conditioning system in case of fire, since it is highly likely to fail.
5) Since the air conditioning system is hermetic, it has a rigid relationship between pressure and temperature, the higher the temperature, the higher the pressure, if there is no safety valve, then in case of fire at the installation site of the outdoor unit (the receiver and condenser in which contain the main amount of refrigerant charged into the system), the vessel or apparatus will rupture, respectively. Gap indoor unit or pipelines are unlikely, but possible (for example, due to the poor quality of solder joints).
6) Room temperature +40-+42 C is not a reason to turn off the air conditioning system (for many countries this normal temperature outdoors, not indoors).
In general, on the topic of automatic shutdown at a temperature of + 42C -
In good ventilation equipment with built-in the automation system is necessarily wired. For example - the Swedish SWEGON. There, the reason for this temperature (+42C) is exactly the same as I said above. That is, the fan motor bearing grease is not designed for high temperature operation. Therefore, in order not to damage the bearing (and the engine), the automation monitors the temperature of the exhaust air (extracted from the room).
To be honest, the temperature limit of 40 degrees is embarrassing ... I have a lot of capacitors standing on the street, under direct sunbeams they warm up much higher than +40 C, this is probably not the reason ... All normal and high-quality fan motors (we do not take China) have built-in thermal protection, respectively, it is configured at the factory (manufacturer of fans, not air conditioners) and in case of problems temperature should turn off the engine ... Something is not right after all with a protection of +40 C ...
