How to cut a corner from a log with a saw. How to cut a log evenly using improvised means? Longitudinal sawing into boards

The chainsaw is designed to carry out various works with wood. With its help, you can fell trees of various diameters and cut them into boards or bars. In addition, this tool is used for figured cutting on wood - carving. In order to use a chainsaw correctly, you need to familiarize yourself with the technology of various works and safety rules, neglect of which leads to very disastrous consequences.

Felling trees is enough traumatic process, because with the slightest mistake, the trunk of a cut tree, which has a huge mass, can fall on the person working with the chainsaw. Therefore, it is not enough just to have this unit and the desire to cut down a tree. Before you start working with a chainsaw, you should know the basic rules of working with this tool. So, safety precautions when felling forest contain the following points, which must not be ignored.

How to cut down a tree with a chainsaw

When felling trees with a chainsaw, it is necessary to select the right blade: it must match the thickness and type of wood. For example, if you need to fell thin trees, then use heavy and powerful units it makes no sense. After all, they have a lot of expenses fuel mixture and lubricants, and it’s much harder to work with them. It is recommended to adhere to the following rules:

for trunks with a diameter of 600 mm or more, a heavy blade (650 mm) should be used;
for trunks of average diameter 300-600 mm - medium-sized blade 350-650 mm;
Thin trunks (up to 300 mm) can be felled using a blade up to 350 mm.

If you have work to do With hard rocks wood(oak, beech, cherry, apple tree, pear, etc.), then it is better to use medium blades for thin trunks, and heavy blades for trunks with a diameter of 300-600 mm or more.

Preparation stage

Felling trees with a chainsaw will be difficult and sometimes dangerous without the preparation stage.

Make sure there are no people, animals, buildings or other trees in the area where the tree is expected to fall.
Very careful preparation is required for felling trees. near bodies of water. If a sawn object falls into the water, you will have to make a lot of effort, including using technology, to get it out and saw it.
If you need to lay the tree to be cut down in a certain place, you can tie a cable to the top of the trunk or to its middle, and use a winch or other mechanism to force it to tilt in the desired direction.
Before cutting down a tree, take care escape routes, if an unforeseen situation arises (if possible, remove all obstacles that may prevent you from leaving the danger zone).
Provide access to the sawn and trimmed tree for loading and removal.
If you have to felling big tree , then you first need to eliminate the possibility of large branches falling during work. It is recommended to rent a lift or use the services of industrial climbers to cut off problematic branches.

In amateur practice, it is allowed to fell trees using a single-cut cut only in cases where low plants with a trunk diameter of no more than 150 mm are to be felled. But thick trees need to be cut using standard technology.

The very first, upper cut should be done on the side of the plant in which it should ultimately fall. It is made at an angle of 45°, with a recess of ¼ of the diameter of the trunk. Second, lower notch is carried out horizontally until the cuts join.
The third file is called felling and is the most responsible. It is performed on the opposite side of the previously made wedge-shaped cut, parallel to the second cut (see figure below), but 5 cm higher than it. Also, according to the technology, the felling cut should not be sawed to the end, that is, to the wedge-shaped cut. It is necessary to stop without finishing about 1/10 of the thickness of the trunk, so that the remaining intact part acts as a kind of hinge.
To prevent the saw from jamming in the cut, you must use wooden wedges. Metal wedges should not be used because the chain may be damaged if the saw kicks back.
When making a felling cut, carefully monitor the verticality of the trunk. A sudden gust of wind can make its own adjustments, and cutting down a tree as you planned will not work.
After the felling cut, even before the plant begins to fall, you should quickly, without fuss, remove the chainsaw bar and move away to a safe distance. It is extremely unsafe to be near a tree at this moment, since the lower part of the trunk can jump to a height of about 1.5 meters when falling.

If the undercut rule is ignored, and the guide and felling cuts are positioned incorrectly, then it will be impossible to predict the direction in which the tree will fall.

After the plant has been knocked down in the desired direction, you should cut off all branches on its trunk. For convenience, you need to place a flat piece of wood 100-150 mm high under the trunk. If you do not do this, there is a high probability that you will catch the ground with the saw. When the equipment gets into the ground, where there is always sand, the latter ends up on the tire, namely in the groove along which the chain slides. As a result of exposure to abrasive particles, not only the chain shanks, but also the entire tire begin to wear out quickly. Therefore, the question that builders often ask - is it possible to saw foam blocks with a chainsaw - is inappropriate.

How to properly cut a log

The next stage after felling the tree is sawing it. It must be carried out following certain rules and according to a scheme.

Longitudinal sawing into boards

As you might guess, boards are obtained by longitudinal dissolution logs Since rip cutting will be required, the saw chain must be of the appropriate type. To ensure accurate cutting of the trunk into boards, a special Big Mill log sawing device is used, shown in the following figure.

It can be used to cut logs diameter up to 500 mm. The thickness of the resulting board is set using a special ruler marked on the racks of the device. It can already be purchased at finished form or do it yourself by watching this video.

To cut a log into boards of equal thickness, do the following.

To cut logs across the grain, you must install it on the unit saw chain for cross cutting. Basically, cross cut is used for cutting wood. The resulting small cylinders are then split into firewood. To make it convenient to cut firewood, the logs are placed on trestles 600-800 mm high.

In the same way it is carried out beam trimming.

Log sawing scheme

Below is a diagram that shows how to properly dissolve a log into boards and beams.

This operation can be performed in several ways.

Sawing a square beam occurs from the core part of the log.
To get 2 rectangular beams, the square beam is sawn into 2 parts.
By sawing a log crosswise, you can get 4 beams.
This type of sawing is called “tumble” and is used on sawmill frames. All boards are unedged.
With this type of log cutting, you can get a double-edged beam, as well as several unedged boards and a couple of slabs.
Radial sawing is complex in its execution. Feature When cutting boards this way, they have vertical growth rings.
The double-edged beam opens onto edged boards and 2 wane.
For boards with horizontal growth rings, front side they call the one that is turned towards the center of the log (core), and the back one is turned towards the sapwood (this is the name of the periphery of the trunk).

What is carving

The word “carving” came into our language from English and means “cutting”. This is the name for figured wood carving with a chainsaw. This art of skillful use of an instrument is beginning to gain popularity in our country. For carving, ordinary light chainsaws, for example, such as Husqvarna 135.

Chainsaw Husqvarna 135

The chainsaw has small dimensions, develops required power, has a weight of 4.4 kg and facilitates engine starting. The tire needs to be installed in a medium size, about 14 inches. The chain is selected in 3/8 inch increments. It is recommended to immediately purchase special chains. For example, STIHL chain Carving Rapid Micro Spezial (RMS) has a ¼ inch pitch, short teeth and is designed specifically for figured sawing on wood. The Husqvarna 135 saw is well suited for beginner carvingists.

Chainsaw Husqvarna 450e II

As you gain experience, you can use more powerful units.

Sculptures created from wood using a chainsaw are very widely used in recreation parks, on city streets, near cafes, restaurants and others. public places, and always attract the genuine attention of passers-by.

For example, seeing such a product in the park, few people will pass by it indifferently.

The imagination and skill of professional carvingists sometimes causes surprise and admiration.

To achieve such results, you need to make a huge effort, it will take years of practice to hone your skills. After all, even if you try to make some simple product with your own hands, you will immediately understand that carving wood with a chainsaw is not an easy process. But if you are filled with the desire to learn this art, then, undoubtedly, you will be able to realize all your plans and decorate your site with unparalleled products.

What can beginner carving masters do?

If you want to try your hand at wood carving with a chainsaw, then first you should choose a simple shape, for example, you can cut outmushroom or cube

Take your choice of wood seriously. If it is wet then ready product after drying, it will crack and the result of your work will be ruined.

So, first you need to make a blank from wood with a chainsaw, that is, give the product a general outline. At this stage, special precision is not needed. It’s just important not to remove too much. Keep a drawing of the object or a sample in front of you to more accurately represent the proportions of the finished sculpture.

Finished wooden sculptures are sanded sandpaper and covered with a protective layer, paint or varnish. As you acquire skills, you can begin making more complex figures. Crafts made from logs, namely pillars depicting people or animals, are very popular among chainsaw carvers. They are installed vertically (buried in the ground). The photo below shows a simple manufacturing process bear figures made from logs, which is suitable for beginner carvingists.

To create birds more experience and dexterity are required, since there is a lot of processing to be done small parts sculptures (head, feathers, etc.).

Timber and boards are common materials used in home construction. If you don’t have the funds for ready-made materials, you can make them yourself using a chainsaw. Before sawing a log into boards with your own hands, it is worth learning more about the features of this process.

The advantage of sawing logs with a chainsaw

Cutting into boards can be done using tools such as an electric chainsaw and additional accessories designed to simplify the work. When choosing certain products, you need to focus on the amount of work expected. Stationary sawmills are expensive and are purchased only if you plan to organize a business to create boards.

Most accessible tool for work is a chainsaw. Such devices have several advantages over electric ones:

the chainsaw can be used anywhere, regardless of the availability of an electrical outlet;
the tool is suitable for working in conditions of high humidity;
professional chainsaws are significantly more powerful than electric ones;
You can use the chainsaw continuously for an hour.

To cut logs into boards, a special frame is used together with a chainsaw, which is attached to the device and allows you to create boards of the same thickness. A device is also needed to secure the log in one position. In addition, you will also need a guide.

Since household gasoline saws are not designed for heavy loads, it is worth using professional tools for sawing logs. When choosing, you should pay attention to devices with a power of more than 7 horsepower. Before work, the fixed frame is adjusted in accordance with the selected width of the boards. To create a frame, you can use legs from school desk or metal corners.

Types of working attachments

The choice of nozzles for work depends on the volume and type of work performed. The following devices are used with a chainsaw:

drum debarker, which is necessary for removing bark from logs;
lightweight attachment for sawing logs;
standard attachment used to create boards.

Attachment for longitudinal sawing

When using this attachment, sawing occurs in a horizontal direction. It is fixed to the rail using special clamps and allows you to create boards of equal thickness. After the work is completed, the boards are dried and can then be used in construction.

Lightweight nozzle

Such devices are often used, but they should only be used when creating boards for fences or sheds. This is due to the fact that the attachment is secured to the tire only on one side.

Ocarivator

The attachment for removing bark from logs is used using a clinometer transmission. Attachment occurs with belts - special pulleys are used for this. It is worth noting that the performance of the nozzle can be changed, since the shaft rotation speed depends on the size of the pulleys.

Features of sawing logs using a chainsaw

Creating additional equipment for sawing logs is quite simple:

To create a support, a frame is used, which can be created from the legs of a school desk. The most suitable are pipes with a square cross-section of 20x20 mm.
When constructing the frame, it is necessary to create 2 clamps and secure a cross member at one end. This element must have holes for tightening bolts. A protrusion for the tire is created in the middle.
In order to saw a log lengthwise, it is necessary to construct a support frame, the width of which must be at least 8 cm less than the length.
For ease of operation, a handle should be welded to the frame.
Before carrying out work, you must carefully check whether the frame is securely fastened to the tire.

Using a homemade tool is quite simple. Before sawing, you need to install 2 sawhorses - they will be used as a support for the log. In addition, a metal strip or flat board is prepared, which will serve as a guiding element.

Long sawing technique

The most difficult stage of the process is making the first cut. To do this you need:

install a leading ruler, which consists of two boards that are fastened together at an angle of 90 degrees;
after this, it is necessary to place the sawn log on the supports and fix it;
then it is important to check whether the log is level;
at the next stage it is necessary to secure the leading ruler to the supports using self-tapping screws;
After this, you can start creating the first cut.

Features of cross cuts

Cross cutting is used only to create firewood or interior elements. The work is carried out according to several principles:

Before carrying out work, the log is placed in a horizontal position on supports. The height of its location should be 0.5 m.
After this, it is necessary to completely clear the log of bark.
At the next stage, it is necessary to make marks on the entire log, located at an equal distance from each other.
Then, cutting can be done using the created marks.

Cross cutting does not require specialized tools.

Safety rules during work

To avoid injury, you must follow these basic guidelines:

Before using a gas powered tool, you must carefully read the instructions included in the kit.
Since a chainsaw is a dangerous tool, work should not be carried out while intoxicated or sick.
You need to hold the saw with both hands. A secure grip will allow you to control the movement of the tool and maintain its position during unexpected jerks and in the event of kickback.
There should be no fuel mixture or oil on your hands while working, as this reduces the reliability of your grip.
Do not use the saw if it is damaged, not fully assembled or not adjusted.
There should be no children or animals on the site during work.
Unless you have special skills, you should not use a chainsaw on stairs or other unstable surfaces.
Do not cut with your arms outstretched or above shoulder level.

By following the described rules, the risk of injury is significantly reduced.

Boards and timber are one of the main building materials. But not everyone has the financial means to purchase ready-made boards. In such situations, one of the solutions is to independently harvest wood on a plot taken from the forestry.

The advantage of a chainsaw as a tool for sawing logs

You can saw a log using a sawmill, gas or electric saw and additional accessories. When choosing one of these tools, you should consider the amount of work ahead. The cost of the cheapest stationary sawmill along with all components is 150 thousand rubles. A chainsaw is much cheaper. It is more convenient than an electric saw for the following reasons:

Electricity is not required to operate the tool - this makes it possible to use a chainsaw on plots.
It is more powerful compared to an electric saw.
It starts smoothly and allows you to conveniently adjust the speed, which reduces the likelihood of a chain break.
The inertial brake operates faster than that of an electric saw.
Long working time without interruption – up to one hour.
Can be used in conditions of high humidity.

Types of working attachments

When sawing logs with a chainsaw, various attachments are used.

Attachment for longitudinal sawing. It is used for sawing logs lengthwise, the process takes place in a horizontal position. After work, the master receives the same thickness of the product. Finished materials are subjected to a drying process, after which the boards are used in construction. By appearance the device is a frame small sizes, it is attached to the tire on each side.

Drum debarker (debarker). With the help of such an attachment it is easy to dissolve the log; it works due to a V-belt drive. Attached to belts on both sides, special pulleys are used for this. The speed of rotation of the shaft depends on the size of the pulleys, so the performance of the attachment is easy to change. This technology forces the master to carefully monitor each stage of the process; some specialists use an assistant during this cutting. But this option requires increased security measures.
Sawing with a lightweight nozzle. The method is no different high performance, but is used quite often. The element is fastened on one side, but the workpieces are slightly uneven. Such materials are necessary for the construction of sheds or fences.

Features of sawing using a homemade tool

You can easily saw a log into boards using a self-made tool. It's easy to make. To do this you need to do the following:

As a support, you need to use a frame from a school desk or a pipe with a cross-section in the form of a square, its optimal size is 20x20, more is allowed.
It is necessary to build two clamps, mount a cross member with two holes for coupling bolts at one end, and make a protrusion for the tire in the middle.
To cut logs longitudinally into boards, you need to make a support frame; its width should be seven to eight centimeters less than the length.
Then two parts ten centimeters long are welded to both sides, holes are made for the bolts, and a handle is attached in the middle for ease of operation.
Then you need to insert the clamps into the grooves, install the tire, and secure everything carefully.

To Work with homemade instrument It’s not difficult, for this you will need goats, they will serve as a support. In addition, you need to prepare a metal strip or board to use as a guide. A log is placed underneath and the required height for work is set.

The procedure for performing preparatory work

To cut a log lengthwise, you need to perform the following sequence of actions:

Take two straight boards and attach one to the other at right angles. The result is a strong guide line.
To support the manufactured ruler, you need to make stops from boards.
Moving the trunks must be done using a tilter.
The log should be placed on a comfortable base.
You need to secure the frame to the chainsaw bar using nuts.
The supports of the leading ruler must be attached to the ends of the log, checking the horizontal position with a level.
Self-tapping screws must be used to secure all brackets and structural elements. Nails are not suitable for these purposes, since they are difficult to remove in the future without causing damage to the structural parts.
The leading ruler needs to be attached to the supports using brackets and its height adjusted taking into account that the cut will not go along it, but approximately one centimeter higher.
The log needs to be rotated and the second board secured so that it rests on the ground and supports the log.

Procedure for performing basic work

Now you need to start the chainsaw and make the first cut.
Next, you need to free the log from the stops and boards and attach a guide ruler to the cut surface of the log in the direction of the next cut. The ruler is attached directly to the surface or to the ends of the log using supports. The second cut is made perpendicular to the first cut.
The log needs to be turned and secured with a board against the ground.
A ruler is not required to perform the following steps. One of the cut sides serves as a guide.
It is necessary to adjust the thickness of the cut on the frame and saw off the log from the other side so that you get a beam with bark remaining on only one side.
This beam must be turned over and secured so that the attachment point of the fixing board is as low as possible.
Then you need to adjust the frame to the required thickness of the board and saw the timber into boards.

Safety rules when performing work

Should not be used circular saw without protective casing.
It is necessary to wear headphones, gloves, glasses, thick clothing and a respirator.
You should not pour fuel into a hot tool tank; you need to wait until it cools down.
Children should not be allowed to be present at the work site.
It is necessary to start the tool on the ground with the chain brake engaged, which must be released only before starting to cut.
You should always have a first aid kit on hand.
When working, you need to hold the chainsaw by the arc handle, moving it forward along the guide. You should not put too much pressure on the chainsaw - it should move freely.
Right-handed people should place the log on their right side, left-handed people should place it on their left.

Whatever you can do with a chainsaw - with the help of all kinds of attachments, this tool becomes very multifunctional. Don't know how to cut a log into boards with a chainsaw? Now we won’t talk about that!

Chainsaw - a tool for all occasions

Most owners have no idea what capabilities are hidden in this seemingly single-function tool. We are talking about what functions, besides sawing logs into firewood, a chainsaw can perform in in capable hands. But just think - the tool is absolutely autonomous, fill the tank with fuel, and work where it’s convenient for you!

A wide range of work results in a powerful, compact and safe Gas engine, who has a very unpretentious “character” and the ability to work in the most difficult conditions. Another good thing about a chainsaw is its sealed fuel supply system, which, in combination with a diaphragm type carburetor, allows it to work in a variety of positions, perhaps not upside down. In addition, the designers provided reliable protection components from overloads and breakdowns in the form of a centrifugal clutch.

Look at the chainsaw from a different point of view - you are holding in your hands a tool that is amazing in its capabilities! This is a universal drive for the most various kinds devices capable of not only sawing wood, but also cutting metal and stone, pumping water, drilling wells, and even serving as a low-power engine!

DIY multi-tool

The most popular attachment, which is even produced by chainsaw manufacturers themselves, is the petrol cutter attachment, which turns the chainsaw into an autonomous version of an angle grinder. The nozzle device is a bearing assembly with a shaft, with a pulley installed at one end, which is driven into rotation by a V-belt. At the other end there is a mandrel for fastening abrasive wheels. By changing circles, such a grinder chainsaw will be able to cut stone, tile, brick and even metal. Of course, the circle is hidden in protective cover, without which work would be such a tool clean water playing roulette - whether you're lucky or not!

Of course, there are a lot of people who will call this method crazy, because you can buy a normal one and not have to worry about changing any attachments! However, in practice, the idea is completely justified - saws with high speeds, equipped with such attachments, work no worse ordinary Bulgarians. Of course, they can't compete with professional powerful tools, but in the economy they justify themselves. This device has two undeniable advantages - autonomy and saving money.

Another professional attachment that can be bought in specialized stores is the so-called debarkers. Their functions exactly correspond to the purpose of the chainsaw and, in fact, increase its capabilities - in addition to cutting wood with the help of debarkers, it can be processed, namely, cleared of bark, growths and branches, and also cut grooves in logs, which is useful in the construction of wooden log houses, and give the rounded surface a flat shape.

Debarkers are divided into disk and drum. The first ones are used for cutting out recesses and mounting grooves, and the drum ones are used for removing bark from logs; they are also called debarkers. The device is a drum or cutter mounted in a bearing unit. The device is driven by a V-belt drive; for this purpose, there is a special pulley on the axis. Taking into account changes in the diameter of the pulley and the engine speed, you can also change the speed of operation of such a tool for optimal processing of wood.

With the help of a chainsaw and the appropriate attachment, you don't have to worry about emergency water supply at home if necessary - you can make a pump from this woodworking tool in a few minutes!

Essentially, the attachment is a regular centrifugal pump that is attached to the saw and driven by the same pulley and belt. The principle of operation is the same as for everyone else centrifugal pumps– one hose is lowered into the water, the second serves pressure hose. Before starting work, liquid is poured into the engine through the plug, which is necessary for the pump to “grab” the pumped water. When the turbine rotates, it creates a reduced pressure inside, due to which water is pumped out. The device is essentially the simplest, but imagine what use it can be when Vacation home de-energized, and the water supply issue needs to be resolved urgently!

With the help of special attachments, a chainsaw can be turned into a drill or a winch, and even into outboard motor, capable of reaching speeds of up to 20 km/h with a fuel consumption of 1 l/h. However, these are already rarer cases, while devices for longitudinal sawing of logs, or, as they are called, mini-sawmills, are found quite often.

How to cut a log into planks with a chainsaw - vertical attachment

First of all, it should be noted that no one sets themselves the task of professionally cutting logs with minimum quantity waste. For professional work You also need the appropriate tool, but the attachment for longitudinal sawing of logs will allow you to solve many small problems on the farm. Let's imagine, for example, that an old pear tree has dried up in your garden, and you just need a few boards to fill a hole in the shed. Instead of using a tree trunk for firewood, you can use an attachment to get the material you need.

Devices for longitudinal sawing of logs are divided into vertical and horizontal. Most simple device This is precisely the first option: the adapter is attached to the tire at its base, and with the help of a guide bar the straightness of the adapter’s movement is ensured. This entire structure is attached to a board, which serves as a stop for cutting and at the same time as a guide. The accuracy of such a device is not high - it can be used to cut rough boards or give a log a simple square shape, however, such a device is assigned corresponding tasks.

How to cut a log lengthwise - cut horizontally!

Much greater cutting accuracy is ensured by the horizontal structure, which is a rigid frame attached to the chainsaw bar in two places - at the base and at its end. The attachment points can be shifted to provide the required cutting width. Of course, such a device is intended for small logs, the diameter of which will not be greater than the length of the tire.

Using the guide element you can install required thickness boards The most difficult thing will be to make the first horizontal cut - in order to get an even cut of wood, you need to attach an additional guide frame to the log, which will serve base surface for emphasis. At subsequent stages of dissolving the log into boards, the surface for support and guide is already Smooth surface previous cut.

This design is quite easy to work with. Before sawing a log lengthwise, it must be well secured along its entire length - the less it vibrates, the smoother the cut will be.. To avoid jamming of the chainsaw bar, small wedges are constantly inserted into the cut to prevent clamping. It should be noted that no matter how hard we try, there will be quite a lot of waste compared to a conventional sawmill. To begin, give the log a square shape by cutting upper layer from all sides, and only then proceed directly to dissolving the logs into boards.

It will not be difficult for craftsmen to make attachments of this kind with their own hands when working with welding and metal - the corresponding diagrams on the Internet are not uncommon, and from the material you will need several square hollow pipes, nuts and screws.

There is always a use for lumber on the farm: wooden boards, slats and bars. Usually all this wealth is bought in hardware store or specialized market. But if you have a log, then you can save a lot on lumber by sawing it yourself. Logs can be sawed crosswise, lengthwise or even obliquely. The last method is used very rarely - only for complex wooden structures. Since it is very difficult to perform independently at home, we will consider the other two.

Cross-cutting a log is an absolutely simple sawing method. It requires a special bed, popularly known as “goats,” and a saw (manual, electric or gasoline). The log is laid horizontally on the bed and sawed in the place where it is required. If there are no sawhorses, then the log can be sawed transversely by resting one of its edges on another log. To cut logs longitudinally, you will need a special sawmill, which can be purchased at a hardware store. In such a unit, logs can be cut into boards or bars of any thickness.

A finished sawmill is expensive, so you can make it yourself. The figure below shows detailed drawing homemade sawmill. If you do not plan to frequently cut logs into boards, then you should not purchase or build a stationary sawmill. You can make a simple imitation of it by attaching a guide made of boards to a log, along which a regular electric saw will move from the side.

We can also recommend this method. Two rigid supports are placed at the edges, a guide is fixed on top of them, and a carriage with a saw is installed on it. In this case, the log will be under the guide - unlike the previous method, where the log is on the side.

We told you about the most simple ways sawing logs. Do not forget that when working with any tool, especially a saw, you must follow safety precautions.