If you need accurate calculation of sections of heating radiators, then this can be done by the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. This calculation is suitable for rooms with low ceiling no more than 2.6 meters. In order to heat it, 100 W of heat power per 1 m 2 is spent. Based on this, it is not difficult to calculate how much heat is needed for the entire room. That is, the area must be multiplied by the number of square meters.
Further, the existing result should be divided by the heat transfer value of one section, the resulting value is simply rounded up. If this warm room, for example a kitchen, the result can be rounded down.
When calculating the number of radiators, it is necessary to take into account possible heat losses, taking into account certain situations and the condition of the housing. For example, if an apartment room is angular and has a balcony or loggia, then it loses heat much faster than apartment rooms with a different location. For such spaces thermal power calculations must be increased by at least 20%. If you plan to install heating radiators in a niche or hide them behind a screen, then the heat calculation is increased by 15-20%.
To calculate heating radiators, you can use the calculator for calculating heating radiators.
Calculations considering the volume of the room.
Calculation of sections of heating radiators it will be more accurate if they are calculated based on the height of the ceiling, that is, based on the volume of the room. The principle of calculation in this case is similar to the previous version.
First you need to calculate the total heat demand, and only then calculate the number of sections in the radiators. When the radiator is hidden behind the screen, the room's need for thermal energy is increased by at least 15-20%. If we take into account the recommendations of SNIP, then in order to heat one cubic meter of a living room in a standard panel house it is necessary to spend 41 W of thermal power.
To calculate, we take the area of \u200b\u200bthe room and multiply it by the height of the ceiling, we get the total volume, it must be multiplied by the standard value, that is, by 41. If the apartment has good modern double-glazed windows, there is foam insulation on the walls, then a smaller value will be needed - 34 W per m 3. For example, if a room with an area of 20 sq. meters has ceilings with a height of 3 meters, then the volume of the room will be only 60 m 3, that is, 20X3. When calculating the thermal power of the room, we get 2460 W, that is, 60X41.
Table of calculations of the required heat supply.
Getting to the calculation: To calculate the required number of heating radiators it is necessary to divide the obtained data by the heat transfer of one section, which is indicated by the manufacturer. For example, if we take as an example: one section produces 170 watts, we take the area of the room for which 2460 watts are needed and divide it by 170 watts, we get 14.47. Then we round up and get 15 heating sections per room. However, one should take into account the fact that many manufacturers deliberately indicate overestimated heat transfer rates for their sections, based on the fact that the temperature in the batteries will be maximum. IN real life such requirements are not met, and the pipes are sometimes slightly warm, instead of hot. Therefore, it is necessary to proceed from the minimum heat transfer rates per section, which are indicated in the product passport. Due to this, the resulting calculations will be more accurate.
How to get the most accurate calculation.
Calculation of sections of heating radiators with maximum accuracy is quite difficult to obtain, because not all apartments are considered standard. And this is especially true for private buildings. Therefore, many owners have a question: how to calculate sections of heating radiators By individual conditions operation? In this case, the height of the ceiling, the size and number of windows, wall insulation and other parameters are taken into account. According to this calculation method, it is necessary to use a whole list of coefficients that will take into account the characteristics of a particular room, it is they that can affect the ability to release or store thermal energy.
This is how the formula for calculating sections of heating radiators looks like: KT \u003d 100W / sq.m. * P * K1 * K2 * K3 * K4 * K5 * K6 * K7, the KT indicator is the amount of heat that is needed for an individual room.
1. where P is the total area of the room, indicated in sq.m.;
2. K1 - coefficient that takes into account the glazing of window openings: if the window is with ordinary double glazing, then the indicator is 1.27;
- If a double-glazed window is 1.0;
- If the window is triple-glazed - 0.85.
3. K2 - coefficient of thermal insulation of walls:
- Very low degree of thermal insulation - 1.27;
- Excellent thermal insulation (laying walls on two bricks or insulation) - 1.0;
- High degree of thermal insulation - 0.85.
4. K3 - the ratio of the area of \u200b\u200bwindows and the floor in the room:
- 50% — 1,2;
- 40% — 1,1;
- 30% — 1,0;
- 20% — 0,9;
- 10% — 0,8.
5. K4 - a coefficient that allows you to take into account the average air temperature in the coldest time:
- For -35 degrees - 1.5;
- For -25 degrees - 1.3;
- For -20 degrees - 1.1;
- For -15 degrees - 0.9;
- For -10 degrees - 0.7.
6. K5 - adjusts the need for heat, taking into account the number of external walls:
- 1 wall - 1.1;
- 2 walls - 1.2;
- 3 walls - 1.3;
- 4 walls - 1.4.
7. K6 - takes into account the type of room that is located above:
- Very cold attic — 1,0;
- Attic with heating - 0.9;
- Heated room - 0.8
8. K7 - a coefficient that takes into account the height of the ceilings:
- 2.5 m - 1.0;
- 3.0 m - 1.05;
- 3.5 m - 1.1;
- 4.0 m - 1.15;
- 4.5 m - 1.2.
The presented calculation of sections of heating radiators takes into account all the nuances of the room and the location of the apartment, therefore it quite accurately determines the need for thermal energy in the room. The result obtained only needs to be divided by the heat transfer value from one section, the finished result is rounded off. There are also manufacturers who offer to take advantage of more in a simple way calculation. Their websites provide an accurate calculator of the calculations required for calculations. To work with this program, the user enters the desired values in the fields and gets the finished result. In addition, he can use special software.
Heating appliances by type and design. The next step is the calculation of heating radiators for each room of a private house, including determining the heat output and the number of sections (or the size of the panels). The simplest option- use the online calculator of any construction portal. But it is advisable to double-check the results of calculations, otherwise you will have to pay for errors later. We offer to calculate the heat transfer of heating batteries manually, in a proven and convenient way.
Initial data for calculations
The calculation of the heat output of the batteries is carried out for each room separately, depending on the number of external walls, windows and the presence of an entrance door from the street. To correctly calculate the heat transfer indicators of heating radiators, answer 3 questions:
- How much heat is needed to heat a living room.
- What air temperature is planned to be maintained in a particular room.
- The average water temperature in the heating system of an apartment or a private house.
Note. If a single-pipe wiring is installed in the cottage, you will have to make allowances for the cooling of the coolant - add sections to the last radiators.
A common way is to measure the heated area and allocate 100 W of heat per square meter, otherwise 1 kW per 10 m². We propose to clarify the methodology - to take into account the number of light openings and external walls:
- for rooms with 1 window or front door and leave 100 W of heat per square meter with one outer wall;
- corner room (2 external fences) with 1 window opening - count 120 W/m²;
- the same, 2 light openings - 130 W / m².
Important condition. The calculation gives more or less correct results with a ceiling height of up to 3 m, the building was built in the middle zone of a temperate climate. For the northern regions, an increasing coefficient of 1.5 ... 2.0 is applied, for the southern regions - a decreasing coefficient of 0.7-0.8.
Distribution of heat losses over the area of a one-story house With a ceiling height of more than 3 meters (for example, a corridor with a staircase in two-story house) heat consumption is more correctly calculated by cubic capacity:
- room with 1 window outside door) and a single outer wall - 35 W/m³;
- the room is surrounded by other rooms, has no windows, or is located on the sunny side - 35 W / m³;
- corner room with 1 window opening - 40 W / m³;
- the same, with two windows - 45 W / m³.
It is easier to answer the second question: the temperature comfortable for living lies in the range of 20 ... 23 ° C. It is uneconomical to heat the air more strongly, it is colder weaker. The average value for calculations is plus 22 degrees.
The optimal mode of operation of the boiler involves heating the coolant to 60-70 ° C. An exception is a warm or too cold day, when the water temperature has to be reduced or, conversely, increased. The number of such days is small, so the average design temperature of the system is assumed to be +65 °C.
In rooms with high ceilings, we consider the heat consumption by volume Passport and real heat transfer of the radiator
The parameters of any heater are indicated in the technical passport. Usually, manufacturers declare the power of 1 standard section with an interaxal size of 500 mm in the range of 170 ... 200 watts. The characteristics of aluminum and bimetallic radiators are approximately the same.
The trick is that the passport heat transfer indicator cannot be stupidly used to select the number of sections. According to clause 3.5 of GOST 31311-2005, the manufacturer is obliged to indicate the battery power under the following operating conditions:
- the coolant moves through the radiator from top to bottom (diagonal or lateral connection);
- temperature difference is 70 degrees;
- the flow rate of water flowing through the device is 360 kg/h.
Reference. Thermal head is the difference between the average temperature of the network water and the room air. Denoted ΔT, DT or dt, calculated by the formula:
Let us explain the essence of the problem, for this we substitute the known values \u200b\u200bof ΔT \u003d 70 ° C and room temperature - plus 20 ° C into the formula, we will perform the reverse calculation:
- tsupply + treturn = (ΔT + tair) x 2 = (70 + 20) x 2 = 180 °C.
- According to the regulations, the calculated temperature difference of the coolant between the supply and return lines should be 20 degrees. This means that the water coming from the boiler must be heated to 100 ° C, the return water will cool to 80 ° C.
- The 100/80 °C operating mode is not available for domestic heating installations, the maximum heating is 80 degrees. In addition, it is economically unprofitable to maintain the specified coolant temperature (remember, we took an average of 65 ° C).
Conclusion. In real conditions, the battery will give off much less heat than prescribed in the operating instructions. The reason is the lower value of ΔT - the temperature difference between water and ambient air. According to our initial data, the ΔT indicator is 130 / 2 - 22 = 43 degrees, almost twice as low as the declared norm.
Determine the number of aluminum battery sections
It is not easy to recalculate the parameters of the heater for specific conditions. The heat output formula and calculation algorithm used by design engineers is too complicated for ordinary homeowners who are not familiar with heat engineering.
We propose to calculate the number of sections of heating radiators using a more accessible method that gives the minimum error:
- Collect the initial data listed in the first section of this publication - find out the amount of heat required for heating, the temperature of the air and the coolant.
- Calculate the actual temperature difference DT using the formula above.
- When choosing a specific type of battery, open the technical data sheet and find the heat transfer rate of 1 section at DT = 70 degrees.
- Below is a table of ready conversion factors for the heating output of radiator sections. Find the value corresponding to the real DT and multiply it by the nameplate heat transfer value - get the power of 1 fin under your operating conditions.
Knowing the real heat flow, it is not difficult to find out the number of battery fins required to heat a room. Divide the required amount of heat by the output of 1 section. For clarity, here is an example calculation:
It remains to distribute the sections around the room. If the window sizes are the same, we divide 28 in half and place a radiator with 14 ribs under each opening. Otherwise, the number of battery sections is selected in proportion to the width of the windows (approximately possible). The heat transfer of bimetallic and cast iron radiators.
Battery layout - devices are best placed under windows or near a cold outer wall Advice. If you own a personal computer, it is easier to use the calculation program of the Italian brand GLOBAL, posted on the official website of the manufacturer.
Many well-known companies, including GLOBAL, prescribe in the documentation the heat transfer of their devices for various temperature conditions(DT = 60 °C, DT = 50 °C), an example is shown in the table. If your real ΔT = 50 degrees, feel free to use the indicated characteristics without any recalculation.
Calculation of the size of a steel radiator
Design panel instruments different from sections. Batteries are made from stamped steel sheets 1 ... 1.2 mm thick, pre-cut to right size. To select a radiator of the required power, you need to find out the heat transfer of 1 meter of the length of a panel welded from sheets.
We suggest using the simplest technique, based on the technical data of a serious German manufacturer of panel water Kermi radiators. What is the essence: stamped batteries are unified, the types of products differ from each other in the number of heating panels and heat exchange fins. The classification of radiators looks like this:
- type 10 - single-panel device without additional ribs;
- type 11 - 1 panel + 1 sheet of corrugated metal;
- type 12 - two panels plus 1 sheet of fins;
- type 20 - a battery for 2 heating plates, convection finning is not provided;
- type 22 - two-panel radiator with 2 sheets increasing the heat exchange area.
Sketches of steel heaters of various types - top view Note. Type 33 heaters (3 panels + 3 fins) also exist, but similar products less in demand due to increased thickness and price. The most "running" model is type 22.
So, panel stamped devices of any brand differ only in mounting dimensions. The calculation of heating radiators comes down to choosing the appropriate type, then the length of the battery for a particular room is calculated from the height and heat transfer. The algorithm is the following:
Calculation example. Let's determine the dimensions of the steel radiator for the same room 15.75 m²: heat loss - 2048 W, air temperature - 22 degrees, coolant - 65 °C. Let's take standard batteries with a height of 500 mm, type 22. According to the table, we find q = 1461 W, find out the total length of the panel 2048 / 1461 = 1.4 m. From the catalog of any manufacturer, we select the nearest larger option - a heater 1.5 m long or 2 devices 0.7 m each.
The end of the first table is the heat transfer of 1 m of the length of Kermi radiators Advice. Our instructions are 100% correct for Kermi products. When buying radiators from another brand (especially Chinese), the length of the panel should be taken with a margin of 10-15%.
Heating appliances of one-pipe systems
Important - a gradual decrease in temperature in the main line due to the admixture of coolant cooled by batteries. If 1 loop line serves more than 5 appliances, the difference between the start and end of the distribution pipe can be up to 15 °C. The result is that the last radiators emit less heat.
Single-pipe closed circuit - all heaters connected to 1 pipe In order for distant batteries to transmit the required amount of energy to the room, make the following adjustments when calculating the heating power:
- Select the first 4 radiators according to the instructions above.
- Increase the power of the 5th device by 10%.
- Add another 10 percent to the calculated heat transfer of each subsequent battery.
Explanation. The power of the 6th radiator is increased by 20%, the seventh - by 30%, and so on. Why build up the last batteries of the single-pipe "Leningrad", the expert will tell in detail on the video:
Finally, a few clarifications
Heating devices can work in various conditions, be connected via different schemes. These factors affect the heat transfer of heaters in operation mode. When determining the power of room radiators, consider a few recommendations:
- If the battery is connected to the pipelines in a versatile bottom pattern, the heating efficiency is degraded. Add 10% to the calculated power rating of the appliances.
- In combined systems (radiator network + warm water floors), convection appliances play an auxiliary role. The main heating load is carried by floor circuits. But the calculated heat transfer of radiators should not be underestimated; if necessary, batteries should completely replace underfloor heating.
- Homeowners often cover heaters with decorative screens, even sewn up with drywall, leaving convection gaps. In this case, it is completely lost. infrared heat emitted by the heated surface of the device. Accordingly, the battery power will have to be increased by at least 40%.
- Do not install 1-3 radiator sections, even if the calculation turned out to be such a number. To get a normal heater, you need to mount at least 4 fins.
- Antifreeze liquids are inferior to ordinary water in terms of heat capacity, the difference is approximately 15%. When using antifreezes, increase the heat exchange area of the batteries by 10% (increase the number of radiator sections or panel sizes).
When calculating heating radiators, consider a simple rule: the lower the water temperature in the supply line, the larger the heat exchange surface area needed to heat the rooms. Correctly and mount the systems so that you do not have to solve problems by increasing the battery sections.
Dear users of our resource! On our site you have the opportunity to choose a radiator yourself. This means that you can calculate the number of radiators you need to install in each room. In order to make this calculation, to have certain calculation information at hand, only then can radiators be selected with greater accuracy. Information needed to determine the number of radiator sections: The main one is thermal power radiator (heat transfer) is a value that shows how much heat energy a radiator gives off in a certain unit of time. Thermal power is expressed in watts. For each radiator, this value is determined by the manufacturer. Let's move on to the calculation part. From the foregoing, we come to the conclusion that it is necessary to determine the thermal power required to heat a particular room, for this we just need the dimensions of the room. Next step. Be patient, find a pencil, paper, tape measure and prepare for correct selection radiators the following information: type of windows, quality of thermal insulation, area of windows and floor, average temperature of the coldest week of the year, type of room above the calculated one, dimensions of the room. So, if you have collected all the necessary information, let's get started.
Selection of a heating radiator (calculation of the number of sections)
Now you need to decide which radiators you want to install: aluminum radiators (extruded and die-cast); steel radiators(tubular, panel); bimetallic radiators (extrusion and injection molded); cast iron radiators (tubular). So, if you have already opted for radiators of a certain type, then the next question that arises is how to choose a radiator from the already existing variety that meets specific requirements. You can find out how to choose a heating radiator in the section "Articles" - "Articles about heating radiators"
06/25/2019 at 16:49
When designing heating systems, a mandatory measure is the calculation of the power of heating devices. The result obtained largely influences the choice of one or another equipment - heating radiators and heating boilers (if the project is carried out for private houses that are not connected to central heating systems).
The most popular at the moment are batteries made in the form of interconnected sections. In this article, we will talk about how to calculate the number of radiator sections.
Methods for calculating the number of battery sections
In order to calculate the number of sections of heating radiators, you can use three main methods. The first two are quite light, but they give only an approximate result that is suitable for typical rooms. multi-storey buildings. This includes the calculation of sections of radiators according to the area of \u200b\u200bthe room or according to its volume. Those. in this case, it is enough to find out the desired parameter (area or volume) of the room and insert it into the appropriate formula for calculation.
The third method involves the use of a set for calculations various coefficients that determine the heat loss of the room. This includes the size and type of windows, floor, type of wall insulation, ceiling height and other criteria that affect heat loss. Heat loss can also occur for various reasons related to mistakes and shortcomings in the construction of a house. For example, there is a cavity inside the walls, the insulation layer has cracks, marriage in building material etc. Thus, the search for all causes of heat leakage is one of the prerequisites for performing an accurate calculation. For this, thermal imagers are used, which display on the monitor the places of heat leakage from the room.
All this is done in order to select such a power of radiators that compensates for the total value of heat loss. Let's consider each method of calculating battery sections separately and give a good example for each of them.
Calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators by the volume of the room calculator. Number of radiator sections
Section (heating radiator) - smallest structural element radiator batteries.
It is usually a hollow, cast iron or aluminum two-tube structure, ribbed to improve thermal transfer by radiation and convection.
The sections of the heating radiator are interconnected into batteries using radiator nipples, the coolant (steam or hot water) is supplied and removed through screwed couplings, excess (unused) holes are plugged with threaded plugs in which a tap is sometimes screwed in to drain air from the heating system. The coloring of the assembled battery is usually done after assembly.
Calculator of the number of sections in heating radiators
Power of 1 section (W)
Room length
Room width
Wall insulation
High-quality modern insulation Brick (in 2 bricks) or insulation Poor insulation
Online calculator for calculating the required number of radiator sections for heating a given room with a known heat transfer
The formula for calculating the number of radiator sections
N = S/t*100*w*h*r
- N is the number of radiator sections;
- S is the area of the room;
- t is the amount of heat to heat the room;
The amount needed to heat a room (t) is calculated by multiplying the area of the room by 100 W. That is, to heat a room of 18 m 2, you need heat 18 * 100 \u003d 1800 W or 1.8 kW
Synonyms: radiator, heating, heat, battery, sections of the radiator, radiator.
Calculation of the number of sections of cast-iron heating radiators according to the volume of the room. How to calculate the number of radiators
The calculation of the number of heating radiators can be done in three ways:
- Determining the required heating system based on the area of the heated room.
- Calculation of the required sections of the radiator based on the volume of the room.
- The most complex, but at the same time the most accurate calculation method, which takes into account the maximum number of factors that affect the creation of a comfortable temperature in the room.
Before dwelling on the above methods of calculation, one cannot ignore the radiators themselves. Their ability to transfer the thermal energy of the carrier environment, as well as power, depend on the material from which they are made. In addition, radiators differ in resistance (ability to resist corrosion), have different maximum allowable working pressure and weight.
Since the battery consists of a set of sections, it is necessary to take into account the types of materials from which the radiators are made, to know their positive and negative qualities. The selected material will determine how many sections of the battery you need to install. Now we can distinguish 4 types of heating radiators on the market. These are cast iron, aluminum, steel and bimetallic structures.
Cast iron radiators perfectly accumulate heat, withstand high pressure and have no restrictions on the type of coolant. But at the same time they are heavy and require special attention to the fixture. Steel radiators are lighter than cast iron, operate at any pressure and are the most budget option, but their heat transfer coefficient is lower than that of all other batteries.
Aluminum radiators give off heat perfectly, they are light, have an affordable price, but they do not tolerate the high pressure of the heating network. Bimetal radiators took the best from steel and aluminum radiators, but the price is the highest among the options presented.
It is believed that the power of one section of a cast-iron battery is 145 W, aluminum - 190 W, bimetallic - 185 W and steel - 85 W.
Of great importance is the way in which the structure is connected to the heating network. The calculation of the power of heating radiators directly depends on the methods of supply and removal of the coolant, and this factor also affects the number of sections of the heating radiator required for normal heating of a given room.
Video Calculation of heating radiators Part 1
A simple calculation does not take into account many factors. The result is skewed data. Then some rooms remain cold, the second - too hot. The temperature can be controlled using shut-off valves, but it is better to calculate everything exactly in advance in order to use the right amount of materials.
For an accurate calculation, reducing and increasing thermal coefficients are used. First, pay attention to the windows. For single glazing, a factor of 1.7 is used. For double windows, no coefficient is needed. For triples, the indicator is 0.85.
If the windows are single, and there is no thermal insulation, then the heat loss will be quite large.
The calculations take into account the ratio of the area of \u200b\u200bfloors and windows. The ideal ratio is 30%. Then a coefficient of 1 is applied. With an increase in the ratio by 10%, the coefficient increases by 0.1.
Coefficients for different ceiling heights:
- If the ceiling is below 2.7 m, the coefficient is not needed;
- With indicators from 2.7 to 3.5 m, a coefficient of 1.1 is used;
- When the height is 3.5-4.5 m, a factor of 1.2 will be required.
In the presence of attics or upper floors, it also applies certain coefficients. With a warm attic, an indicator of 0.9 is used, a living room - 0.8. For unheated attics take 1.
The easiest way. Calculate the amount of heat required for heating, based on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in which radiators will be installed. You know the area of \u200b\u200beach room, and the need for heat can be determined according to the building codes of SNiP:
- for an average climatic zone, 60-100W is required for heating 1m 2 of a dwelling;
- for areas above 60 o, 150-200W is required.
Based on these norms, you can calculate how much heat your room will require. If the apartment / house is located in the middle climatic zone, 1600W of heat (16 * 100 = 1600) will be required to heat an area of 16m 2. Since the norms are average, and the weather does not indulge in constancy, we believe that 100W is required. Although, if you live in the south of the middle climatic zone and your winters are mild, consider 60W.
Calculation of heating radiators can be done according to the norms of SNiP
A power reserve in heating is needed, but not very large: with an increase in the amount of power required, the number of radiators increases. And the more radiators, the more coolant in the system. If for those who are connected to central heating this is not critical, then for those who have or plan individual heating, a large volume of the system means large (extra) costs for heating the coolant and a large inertia of the system (the set temperature is maintained less accurately). And the logical question arises: “Why pay more?”
Having calculated the need for heat in the room, we can find out how many sections are required. Each of the heaters can emit a certain amount of heat, which is indicated in the passport. The found heat demand is taken and divided by the radiator power. The result is the required number of sections to make up for losses.
Let's count the number of radiators for the same room. We have determined that we need to allocate 1600W. Let the power of one section be 170W. It turns out 1600/170 \u003d 9.411 pieces. You can round up or down as you wish. You can round it to a smaller one, for example, in the kitchen - there are enough additional heat sources, and to a larger one - it’s better in a room with a balcony, big window or in a corner room.
The system is simple, but the disadvantages are obvious: the height of the ceilings can be different, the material of the walls, windows, insulation, and more. whole line factors are not taken into account. So the calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators according to SNiP is indicative. You need to make adjustments for accurate results.
Calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators by area calculator. Heating power selection
When choosing a heating scheme for a small private house, this indicator is decisive.
To calculate the sections of bimetallic heating radiators by area, you need to determine the following parameters:
- the amount of necessary compensation for heat losses;
- the total area of the heated room.
In construction practice, it is customary to use the first indicator in the above form as 1 kW of power per 10 square meters, i.e. 100 W/m2. Thus, the ratio for the calculation will be the following expression:
N = S x 100 x 1.45,
where S is the total area of the heated premises, 1.45 is the coefficient of possible heat losses.
If considered on specific example calculating the heating power for a room of 4x5 meters, it will look like this:
- 5 x 4 \u003d 20 (m 2);
A typical place for installing a radiator is the space under the window, so we use two radiators of the same power of 1450 watts. This indicator can be influenced by adding or reducing the number of sections installed in the battery. It should be borne in mind that the power of one of them is:
- for bimetallic 50 centimeters high - 180 watts;
- for cast iron radiators - 130 watts.
Therefore, you will need to install: bimetallic - 1450: 180 = 8 x2 = 16 sections; cast iron: 1450: 130 = 11.
By using glass packages, heat loss on windows can be reduced by about 25%.
Calculation of sections of bimetallic heating radiators by area gives a clear primary idea of their required number.
To determine the volume of a room, you will have to use indicators such as ceiling height, width and length. Having multiplied all the parameters and received the volume, it should be multiplied by the power indicator determined by SNiP in the amount of 41 watts.
For example, the area of the room (width x length) is 16 m2, and the ceiling height is 2.7 m, which gives a volume (16x2.7) equal to 43 m3.
To determine the power of the radiator, multiply the volume by the power indicator:
After that, the result is also divided by the power of one section of the radiator. For example, it is equal to 160 W, which means that for a room with a volume of 43 m3, 11 sections will be required (1771: 160).
And such a calculation of bimetallic heating radiators per square meter will also not be accurate. To make sure how many sections are actually needed in the battery, you need to make calculations using a more complex, but accurate formula that takes into account all the nuances, up to the air temperature outside the window.
This formula looks like this:
S x 100 x k1 x k2 x k3 x k4 x k5 x k6 * k7 = radiator power, where K is the heat loss parameters:
k1 - type of glazing;
k2 - quality of wall insulation;
k3 – window size;
k4 - outdoor temperature;
k5 - outer walls;
k6 is the room above the room;
k7 - ceiling height.
If you are not too lazy and calculate all these parameters, you can get the real number of bimetallic radiator sections per 1 m2.
It is not difficult to make such calculations, and even an approximate indicator is better than buying a battery at random.
Bimetallic radiators are expensive and high-quality products, therefore, before buying and installing, you should carefully familiarize yourself with not only parameters such as thermal power and high pressure resistance, but also with their device.
Each manufacturer has its own attractive "chips" for customers. You can't buy batteries just for stock. A qualitative calculation of the thermal power of a bimetallic radiator will provide the room with heat for the next 20-30 years, which is much more attractive than a one-time discount.
Table for calculating the required number of sections, depending on the area of the heated room and the power of one section.
Calculating the number of heating battery sections using a calculator gives good results. Let's give the simplest example for heating a room of 10 square meters. m - if the room is not angular and double-glazed windows are installed in it, the required thermal power will be 1000 W. If we want to set aluminum batteries with a heat dissipation of 180 W, we need 6 sections - we simply divide the received power by the heat dissipation of one section.
Accordingly, if you buy radiators with a heat output of one section of 200 W, then the number of sections will be 5 pcs. Will there be high ceilings up to 3.5 m in the room? Then the number of sections will increase to 6 pcs. There are two in the room external walls(corner room)? In this case, you need to add another section.
You also need to take into account the reserve for thermal power in case of a too cold winter - it is 10-20% of the calculated one.
You can find out information about the heat transfer of batteries from their passport data. For example, the calculation of the number of sections of aluminum heating radiators is based on the heat transfer of one section. The same applies to bimetallic radiators (and cast iron ones, although they are non-separable). When using steel radiators, the nameplate power of the entire device is taken (we gave examples above).
Calculation of heating radiators in a private house. Calculation of the number of radiators in a private house
If for apartments you can take the average parameters of the heat consumed, since they are designed for the standard dimensions of the room, then in private construction this is wrong. After all, many owners build their houses with a ceiling height exceeding 2.8 meters, in addition, almost all private premises are corner-shaped, so more power will be required to heat them. In this case, calculations based on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room are not suitable: you need apply the formula taking into account the volume of the room and make adjustments by applying the coefficients for reducing or increasing heat transfer. The values \u200b\u200bof the coefficients are as follows:- 0.2 - the resulting final power number is multiplied by this indicator if multi-chamber plastic double-glazed windows are installed in the house.
- 1.15 - if the boiler installed in the house is operating at the limit of its capacity. In this case, every 10 degrees of the heated coolant reduces the power of the radiators by 15%.
- 1.8 is the magnification factor to apply if the room is corner and has more than one window.
P \u003d V x 41, where
- V is the volume of the room;
- 41 - average power required for heating 1 sq. m of a private house.
Types of steel heating radiators
Consider steel panel-type radiators, which differ in size and degree of power. Devices can consist of one, two or three panels. Another important structural element is finning (corrugated metal plates). Several combinations of panels and fins are used in the design of the devices to achieve certain thermal performance. Before choosing the most suitable device for high-quality space heating, you need to familiarize yourself with each variety.
The main types of steel radiators
Steel panel batteries are represented by the following types:
- Type 10. Here the device is equipped with only one panel. Such radiators are light in weight and have the lowest power.
Steel heating radiators type 10
- Type 11. Consist of one panel and a finning plate. Batteries have slightly more weight and dimensions than the previous type, they are distinguished by increased thermal power parameters.
Type 11 steel panel radiator
- Type 21. The design of the radiator has two panels, between which there is a corrugated metal plate.
- Type 22. The battery consists of two panels, as well as two fins. The device is similar in size to type 21 radiators, however, in comparison with them, they have a greater thermal power.
Type 22 steel panel radiator
- Type 33. The structure consists of three panels. This class is the most powerful in terms of heat output and the largest in size. In its design, 3 finning plates are attached to three panels (hence the digital designation of the type - 33).
Type 33 steel panel radiator
Each of the presented types can differ in the length of the device and its height. Based on these indicators, the thermal power of the device is formed. self-calculate given parameter impossible. However, each panel radiator model undergoes appropriate tests by the manufacturer, so all results are entered in special tables. According to them, it is very convenient to choose a suitable battery for heating various types of premises.
When creating a new or replacing an old heating system for a private house, apartment, it is necessary to calculate many parameters, including the power of radiators for each room, which depends on their size, heat transfer and the number of sections. Why is this calculation of heating radiators so important? Because, with the wrong approach to the selection process in a heated room, it will be either cold or hot and a comfortable temperature is not reached.
Parameters affecting the choice of radiator size
The calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators for each room of a private house can be done independently or contact a specialist who will accurately determine all the necessary indicators and draw up a diagram professionally. But if you are confident in your abilities, then the calculation of the batteries is calculated using special formulas and calculations, additional information and experience, the required power of the heating equipment and the order in which it is placed in the room are determined.
The following parameters affect the calculation of heating radiators:
- Wall thickness and material. Wood, brick, aerated concrete have different indicators of thermal insulation and a heat-retaining factor.
- Number of windows, their size and type. Double-glazed windows and wooden windows of different manufacturers with different characteristics (number of glasses, insulating material, mobile elements, and so on). The ratio of the area of \u200b\u200bthe walls and windows is important.
- Climate and local weather conditions. For the northern regions, good and high-quality heating is very important.
- Room area, ceiling height. The higher these figures, the more power the radiator should have.
- The number of walls separating the premises from the street, the presence of heated rooms at the top.
- Radiator material. The choice of the type of heater will determine the heat transfer of its materials, how long it will take him to heat the premises in the house.
- Other criteria.
Calculation by room area
An approximate calculation before buying batteries for heating can be made based on the area of \u200b\u200bthe house, apartment or individual rooms. It is important to take into account the peculiarities of the heat loss of each room, so you need to add 20% to the value of the received heat output.
With a ceiling height of up to 3 meters, 100 W of thermal power per 1 m2 is required. Initially, the area of \u200b\u200bthe room is calculated, for this you need to multiply its length in meters by the width. Further, it is necessary to carry out a simple calculation of the required thermal power, for example, multiply 20 m2 by a norm of 100 W and get the result of 2000 kW of heat for the room. After, we calculate the required number of sections based on the heat transfer data of one section, declared by the manufacturer for specific model radiator. For example, if this indicator is 150 W, then we divide 2000 kW by 150 and we get the result 13.3. That is, for a room with an area of 20 m2, 13 sections of the radiator are needed.
If there are many windows in the room or it has a corner location, if the batteries are covered with a protective or decorative screen, you must remember to add 15-20% of the thermal power to 2000 W (20% of 2000 W is 200 W or one more section to the radiator).
For enclosed spaces at home or with other heat sources (kitchen) and reduced heat output, the percentage does not need to be added.
There are already ready-made automatic programs for carrying out such calculations on the Internet, you just need to enter the area and other values \u200b\u200band get the result.
Calculation by room volume
How to calculate the number of heating radiators based on volume, and not square meters of area, is considered more accurate, because the height of the ceilings, which can be high in private houses, is taken into account. According to the requirements of SNiP, 41 W of heat is needed to heat 1 cubic meter. You can calculate the volume of a room by multiplying its area by the height of the ceilings. For example, a room of 20 m2 has a ceiling height of 4 meters, calculate its volume, multiply these two values and get the result equal to 80 m3. Then, you need to find out how much heat the room will need according to the norms, for this, we multiply 80 m3 by 41 W and get 3280 W. Based on the approximate value of the thermal power of one section, equal to 150 W, we obtain the required number of sections for heating a room in the amount of 22 pieces.
It must be remembered that manufacturers often in the characteristics of the device show the maximum thermal performance and heat transfer, which is difficult to achieve in real life, so there is always an error in self-calculations.
With a professional approach to the question of how to calculate the number of radiator sections, errors are taken into account, and the result is as accurate as possible. Also, if as a result of calculations a very large number of sections is obtained, then you should not install several meters of a radiator, since its heat transfer will not be effective, it is better to break it into several elements and arrange them in different parts premises.
Calculator for calculating sections of heating radiators
When equipping a house with a heating system, it is necessary to carefully approach the design stage of this unit. Thus, the calculation of thermal energy is an integral part of the project of any heating system, since the quality of heating, in particular, depends on it. Therefore, it is extremely important to know how these calculations are performed, why they are needed at all, how to calculate the sections of heating radiators with a calculator.
What is the methodology based on?
The method for calculating thermal energy for heating is the determination of the square of the surface of the heat exchanger required to heat housing. Thus, the calculation of heat for heating is carried out taking into account the highest level of the temperature regime of the coolant intended for those heating elements for which, in fact, the calculations are performed. Simply put, if water is used as a coolant, then its average temperature in the common line should be taken as the basis. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the flow rate of the volume of liquid in the circuit.
If steam masses are used as a heat carrier, then the thermal calculation of the heating system will be based on higher temperature values.
With this article they read: Do-it-yourself steam heating
Fundamentals of Calculation
The calculation of sections of heating radiators, the calculator for which will be very relevant, largely depends on the type of heat exchanger used, as well as on the magnitude of its heat transfer.
What do you need to pay attention to?
When calculating thermal energy for heating, you need to pay attention to such a nuance as heat loss. The magnitude of the desired value depends on them. If we are talking about a private house, then the amount of energy loss can be as follows:
- through wall ceilings and the floor surface, provided that there is no complete thermal insulation - up to 25%;
- through the chimney - up to 15%
- through window frames old sample - up to 15%;
- through the attic floor - up to 10%.
In addition, when determining the heat energy needed to heat the house, you should pay attention to the presence of a basement that is not overlapped by a layer of thermal insulation with the floor surface of the dwelling itself. And if there is one, then another 15% must be added to the result obtained.
On average, about 50% of the cost of heating in a poorly insulated house literally flies out into the street. Even minimal insulation of the floor, walls and ceiling can already reduce heat loss by 25%.
Read with this article: How to insulate the roof of a house from the inside - an overview of materials and technologies
An easy way to calculate
As a rule, many people do not use intricate formulas for calculating heat for space heating. In most cases, the counting is carried out in the direction "from small to large". That is, the required amount of heat for a separate structure is calculated, and the values obtained are summarized. About 15% is added to them to ensure the full operation of heating devices without overloads and the result is ready. And the values for each room can be taken as a basis for calculating the required number of heat exchangers.
The simplest and most often used among people who are not engaged in professional installation of heating systems, the method is to take 100 W of energy per 1 square of housing as the norm.
Based on this, the formula for calculating thermal energy for heating the whole house will look like this:
- Q is the required power for a particular structure;
- S - square of the building (sq.m);
- 100 - specific performance indicator per area unit (W/sq.m).
The calculation of the area of a separate room (room) is determined by a simple formula:
- a is the length of the room;
- b - width;
- S is the area of the room.
This formula is suitable for calculating the quadrature of houses of a simple shape (square, rectangular).
If the room has a complex shape, you should initially break it into simple shapes, calculate their area and sum the resulting values.
An example of calculating the amount of heat for a room 6 x 3.4 meters
Now let's calculate the heat energy for a room 6 x 3.4. First, we determine the quadrature of the structure:
- Q \u003d 20.4 x 100 \u003d 2040 W (20.4 kW, which we round up to 21 kW)
That is, to heat a building with a specified area, you need to spend about 2.1 kW.
Of course, the method is very primitive, but it is good enough to navigate the range of equipment and understand at least approximately what boiler power is needed.
Of course, if you want your heating system to be as efficient as possible, you need to give preference to more accurate methods.
Accurate method for determining heat energy
In order to make a more accurate calculation, many qualified specialists use a somewhat complicated formula, which has the following form:
- 100 - specific performance indicator per area unit (W/m2);
- S is the quadrature of the building (m2);
K1 - the amount of heat energy consumption through double-glazed windows, which can be as follows:
- 1.27 - old wooden frames with ordinary glass;
- 1 - old wooden frames with ordinary glass, insulated along the contour;
- 0.85 - modern metal-plastic double-glazed windows
K2 - the value of heat loss through wall ceilings:
- 1.27 - the absence of a heat-insulating layer;
- 1 - minimum thermal insulation;
- 0,854 – high level thermal insulation
K3 - coefficient showing the ratio of the quadrature of the structure in relation to the area of \u200b\u200bwindows:
- 50% - 1,2;
- 40% - 1,1;
- 30% - 1,0;
- 20% - 0,9;
- 10% - 0,8
K4 - temperature coefficient outside the building in the coldest season:
- -35°С - 1.5;
- -25°С - 1.3;
- -20°С - 1.1;
- -15°С - 0.9;
- -10°С - 0.7
K5 - coefficient showing the number of walls in direct contact with the external environment:
- 4 walls - 1.4;
- 3 walls - 1.3;
- 2 walls - 1.2;
- 1 wall - 1.1
K6 - type of thermal insulation of the structure, for which the heat energy is determined:
- heated building - 0.8;
- warm attic - 0.9;
- unheated housing - 1
K7 - coefficient indicating the height of the canvas:
- 4.5 meters - 1.2;
- 4 meters - 1.15;
- 3.5 meters - 1.1;
- 3 meters - 1.05;
- 2.5 meters - 1.
It remains only to substitute all the necessary values and determine the amount of heat energy.
In order for the heating system to work as efficiently as possible and at the same time not consume a lot of energy resources, you need to know how many radiator segments you need per 1 m ^ 2 of housing. But for this it is necessary to determine the heat transfer of the heating device itself. You can, of course, take an abstruse formula and try to calculate this value. And you can use the general data that manufacturers of heating equipment offer us.
Of course, these values are somewhat averaged, but at the same time, this is quite enough to determine the required number of sections for heating a particular structure.
Consider an example of calculating the number of radiators for the same room for which we calculated the heat energy. So, for heating a room 6 * 3.4, as we have already determined, 2040 W is required. Knowing the approximate heat transfer of radiators, we calculate the number of segments necessary to create comfortable temperature conditions: 2040 / 120 (if we are talking about cast iron batteries) = 17 sections.
This number of radiators will be enough to make you feel comfortable and cozy in the room. In the event that you received not an integer, but a fractional number, then it is worth rounding it up. But, again, we are talking about living rooms. Whereas if we are talking about the improvement, for example, of the kitchen, then it is advisable to round the resulting result down.
Here, in fact, are all the subtleties of determining heat energy for heating housing. We hope you find this information useful.
VIDEO: Calculation of the number of heating radiators per area
www.portaltepla.ru
How to rationally calculate the required number of radiator sections
Warmth and comfort in the house - the dream of every person. Modern heating systems allow you to save optimum temperature in any season. But only if they are used correctly. In order for the climatic conditions in your home to remain comfortable during the cold period, you need to find out the number of radiator sections before installing the batteries.
Comfortable conditions during the cold season There are such methods:
- calculation for the area of the room;
- calculation using volume.
Let's take a closer look at each of them.
We use the area
SNiP data says that in our weather conditions, about 100 watts of heat per square meter is needed. We take a calculator and multiply the area by the power for 1 m2. That is, for a building with a size of 20 m2, the calculation will look like this: This means that the total heating power should be 2000 watts.
When calculating power in this way, it should be understood that, no matter how much you count the area, you will have to heat the volume. This calculation method can be correct for apartments and houses with a typical ceiling height of 2.7 m. But what if this very height does not meet the standards?
Using volume
To find the volume, multiply the area and the height. Then we again look at the regulatory documents and find out that for brick buildings the norm is 34, and for concrete - 41 W per m3.
Further actions are similar to the previous calculation method. Only instead of the area we substitute the value of the volume. Let's say that we have a height of 3.2 m. With an area of 20 m2 - the volume of such a room will be 64 m3 (). And if our room is built of brick, then: It is this power that a radiator in a building with the given characteristics should provide.
The calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators also directly depends on the radiator to be installed and its power. Therefore, before making a calculation, it is advisable to find out what kind of radiators are.
Modern radiators
Each of them has its own specific application and power. But first things first.
Metal radiators
They are divided into two types - tubular and panel. Panels can heat up quickly, but they also cool quickly. Therefore, they need constant flow heat, which makes their use in an autonomous heating system unprofitable.
Panel radiators metal Tubular radiators warm up longer, respectively, keep heat longer. This greatly expands the possibilities of their use. Although it should be borne in mind that they are not suitable for high pressure systems.
Tubular metal radiator The power of one battery of this type ranges from 670 to 6500 watts.
Aluminum radiators
They are distinguished by high efficiency, which makes them quite popular.
Aluminum radiators One of the main features is the high demands on the quality of the coolant. For centralized heating systems, this is rather a disadvantage, but for an individual one, it is a completely logical decision when choosing.
One section can provide 190 watts.
Cast iron radiators
With the advent of fresh design solutions in their performance have acquired a new relevance.
Cast iron radiators Although the technical performance of this type of battery is quite high. Their main advantages are reliability and unpretentiousness. With a quality installation, they can serve for a long time and regularly.
True, the power is quite small - one section provides 145 watts.
Consist of two components: inside - aluminum, outside - steel.
Bimetal radiators Attractive appearance, ease of installation and operation, as well as high power have made them the leaders in popularity among all types of batteries. But they also have a drawback - they are used only at high pressure.
The power of one section is 185 watts.
Calculation algorithm
The algorithm by which the number of sections of heating radiators is calculated is one. It involves dividing the total power by the section power. It is advisable to round the result up to create a small supply of heat.
For example, let's calculate for a room of the same dimensions as before.
By area
With this calculation, the total power in our example was 2000 watts. According to the algorithm, it must be divided by the standard amount of heat in one section - for the aluminum type, this is 190 W. We consider: . Round up and get 11 sections.
By volume
With a height of 3.20 m, the required power was 2176 watts. We consider: . After rounding - 12 radiator sections.
This method of calculation relieves us of the need to find out how many sections of radiators per 1 m2 are needed and makes it possible to carry out the calculation immediately for the entire room.
Important
It must be emphasized that all data is provided for sections standard size, the center distance of which is 50 cm. It corresponds to the distance between the centers of the holes for the supply and output of the coolant.
Three radiator models with 50 cm center distance If the center distance of the battery differs from the standard, you will have to correct the calculation. To do this, you need to determine the ratio between the two sizes of radiators - actual and standard. And then apply it to the result.
Let's return to our example. We found that for a room of 20 m2 with a normal height, 11 aluminum sections with a standard distance are needed. Let's recalculate their number for a distance of 40 cm. First of all, we find the coefficient:. And then we correct the result: . The rounded result is 14.
As you can see, the smaller the area of \u200b\u200bthe batteries, the more they will be needed. And this is not the only factor that requires fine-tuning the results. There are other nuances that affect the calculation of sections. They all operate in different ways, but nevertheless require adjustments to the underlying calculations. Correction for any of them is carried out by multiplying the initial result by the required coefficient.
Wall correction
In this matter important role plays the number of walls that directly face the street, thereby increasing heat loss. For rooms with one external wall, the coefficient will be 1.1, with two - 1.2, with three - 1.3.
Also makes adjustments to the thickness and quality of the outer walls. With poor insulation or without it at all, the coefficient is 1.27.
Window Correction
They account for 15–35% of the total heat loss. For windows, two coefficients are also used - for size and for quality. The size of the window in this case is given as a ratio between the areas of the window and the room:
- 10% - 0,8;
- 20% - 0,9;
- 30% - 1,0;
- 40% - 1,1;
- 50% - 1,2.
Roof and basement repairs
An important factor is the temperature in the room above you. For a living room, the refinement coefficient is 0.7. A warm attic gives a value of 0.9, and an unheated attic gives a value of 1.
In a private house, the refinement factor will be 1.5, all results will increase by 50%.
Correction for location
The quality of its work also depends on the place where the battery will be installed. For example, protective screen can take from 7 to 25% of the power. Installation in a niche reduces productivity by 7%, a window sill - by 3-5%.
Features of temperature regimes
Separately, it is worth paying attention to the different temperature regimes of heating systems. Passport data are given for a mode that assumes a temperature of 90/70 for supply and return, respectively. Estimated air temperature in the room is 20 °C.
But, now this mode is practically not used. Much more often you can find indicators 75/65/20 or 55/45/20. Therefore, it will be necessary to find out which mode you use and recalculate the indicators for it.
By itself, the calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators is quite simple. But the number of adjustments can be a little scary or at least bewildering. In this case, you can use the online calculators below. It is enough to enter all the initial data into it, and at the output you will get the desired number of sections. And remember, any difficulties in the calculations will more than pay off with comfortable warmth in your home.
Radiator section calculator
Private house heating calculator
repaireasily.ru
How to calculate the number of radiator sections per room
To make the house warm and cozy, it is not enough to choose the right batteries - you need to accurately calculate the required number of battery sections so that the entire room warms up.
- Area calculation
- Additional factors
- Section counting by volume
- What to consider when calculating?
- Accurate heatsink counting
- Calculation formula
- Calculation coefficients
- Calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators video:
Area calculation
You can approximately calculate the number of sections if you know the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in which the batteries will be installed. This is the most primitive calculation method, it works well for houses where the ceiling height is small (2.4-2.6 m).
The correct performance of radiators is calculated in "heat output". According to the standards, 100 watts are needed to heat one "square" of the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment - the total area is multiplied by this indicator. For example, a room of 25 square meters will require 2500 watts.
Section types
The amount of heat calculated in this way is divided by the heat transfer from the battery section (specified by the manufacturer). The fractional number in the calculations is rounded up (so that the radiator is guaranteed to cope with heating). If batteries are chosen for rooms with low heat loss or additional heating devices (for example, for a kitchen), you can round the result down - the lack of power will not be noticeable.
Let's look at an example:
If it is planned to install heating radiators with a heat output of 204 W in a room of 25 sq.m, the formula will look like this: 100 W (power for heating 1 sq.m) * 25 sq.m (total area) / 204 W (heat output of one section of the radiator ) = 12.25. Rounding the number up, we get 13 - the number of battery sections that will be required to heat the room.
Note!
For a kitchen of the same area, it is enough to take 12 sections of radiators.
Calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators video:
Additional factors
The number of radiators per square meter depends on the characteristics of a particular room (the presence of interior doors, the number and tightness of windows) and even on the location of the apartment in the building. A room with a loggia or balcony, especially if they are not glazed, gives off heat faster. A room on the corner of a building, where not one, but two walls are in contact with the "outside world", will require more batteries.
The number of battery sections that will be required to heat the room is also affected by the material used to build the building and the presence of additional insulating sheathing on the walls. In addition, courtyard-facing rooms will retain heat better than outdoor-facing rooms and will require less heating elements.
For each of the rapidly cooling rooms, the required power, calculated by the area of the room, should be increased by 15-20%. Based on this number, the required number of sections is calculated.
Connection difference
Section counting by volume
Calculating by room volume is more accurate than calculating by area, although the general principle is the same. This scheme also takes into account the height of the ceiling in the house.
According to the standard, 41 watts are required per 1 cubic meter of space. For rooms with quality modern finish, where there are double-glazed windows on the windows, and the walls are treated with insulation, the required value is only 34 watts. The volume is calculated by multiplying the area by the height of the ceiling (in meters).
For example, the volume of a room is 25 sq.m with a ceiling height of 2.5 m: 25 * 2.5 = 62.5 cubic meters. The room of the same area, but with ceilings of 3 m, will be large in volume: 25 * 3 = 75 cubic meters.
The calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators is carried out by dividing the required total power of the radiators by the heat transfer (power) of each section.
For example, let's take a room with old windows with an area of 25 sq.m and with ceilings of 3 m, you need to take 16 sections of batteries: 75 cubic meters (room volume) * 41 W (the amount of heat to heat 1 cubic meter of a room where double-glazed windows are not installed on the windows) / 204 W (heat dissipation of one battery section) = 15.07 (for residential premises, the value is rounded up).
In the photo, the number of radiators per square meter
What to consider when calculating?
Manufacturers, indicating the power of one section of the battery, are a little cunning and overestimate the numbers in the expectation that the water temperature in the heating system will be maximum. In fact, in most cases, water for heating does not warm up to the calculated value. The passport, which is attached to the radiators, also indicates the minimum heat transfer rates. In the calculations, it is better to focus on them, then the house will be guaranteed to be warm.
Note!
Batteries covered with a mesh or screen give off slightly less heat than "open" ones.
The exact amount of "lost" heat depends on the material and design of the screen itself. If you are planning to use this design construction, it is necessary to increase the calculated power heating system by 20%. The same applies to batteries located in niches.
In the photo, the calculation of the number of sections of bimetallic radiators
Accurate heatsink counting
How to calculate the number of heating radiators for a room in a non-standard room - for example, for a private house? Rough estimates may not be enough. The number of radiators is influenced by a large number of factors:
- room height;
- total number of windows and their configuration;
- warming;
- the ratio of the total surface area of windows and floors;
- the average temperature outside in the cold;
- number of outer walls;
- type of room located above the room.
For an accurate calculation, use the formula and correction factors.
Radiator for big room
Calculation formula
The general formula for calculating the amount of heat that radiators should generate is:
CT \u003d 100 W / sq.m * P * K1 * ... * K7
P means the area of the room, CT is the total amount of heat needed to maintain a comfortable microclimate. Values from K1 to K7 are correction factors that are selected and applied depending on various conditions. The resulting CT indicator is divided by the heat transfer from the battery segment to calculate the required number of elements (sections of aluminum radiators will require a different number than, for example, cast iron).
Additional sections
Calculation coefficients
K1 - coefficient for taking into account the type of windows:
- classic "old" windows - 1.27;
- double modern double-glazed window - 1.0;
- triple package - 0.85.
K2 - correction for thermal insulation of the walls of the house:
- low - 1.27;
- normal (double row of bricks or walls with an insulating layer) - 1.0;
- high - 0.85.
K3 is chosen depending on the proportion in which the areas of the room and the windows installed in it are related. If the window area is equal to 10% of the floor area, a factor of 0.8 is applied. For every additional 10%, add 0.1: for a ratio of 20%, the value of the coefficient will be 0.9, 30% - 1.0, and so on.
K4 - coefficient selected depending on the average value of the temperature outside the window per week with the minimum temperature for the year. It also depends on the climate how much heat is needed per room. At an average temperature of -35, a coefficient of 1.5 is used, at a temperature of -25 - 1.3, then for every 5 degrees, the coefficient is reduced by 0.2.
K5 - an indicator for adjusting the calculation of heat depending on the number of external walls. The base value is 1 (no walls touching the "street"). Each outer wall of the room adds 0.1 to the indicator.
K6 - coefficient for taking into account the type of premises over the calculated one:
- heated room - 0.8;
- heated attic - 0.9;
- attic space without heating - 1.
K7 - coefficient, which is taken depending on the height of the room. For a room with a ceiling of 2.5 m, the indicator is 1, each additional 0.5 m of ceilings is added to the indicator of 0.05 (3 m - 1.05 and so on).
To simplify calculations, many radiator manufacturers offer online calculator, where Various types batteries and it is possible to configure additional parameters without "manual" calculation and selection of coefficients.
Section connection
Calculation depending on the material of the radiator
Batteries made from different materials, give a different amount of heat and heat the room with different efficiency. The higher the heat transfer of the material, the fewer sections of the radiator will be required to warm the room to a comfortable level.
Most Popular cast iron batteries heating and bimetallic radiators replacing them. The average heat transfer from a single section of a cast iron battery is 50-100 watts. This is quite a bit, but the number of sections for the room is easiest to calculate "by eye" for cast-iron radiators. There should be about the same number of them as there are "squares" in the room (it is better to take 2-3 more to compensate for the "underheating" of water in the heating system).
The heat output of one element of bimetallic radiators is 150-180 watts. This indicator can also be affected by the coating of the batteries (for example, painted oil paint radiators heat the room a little less). The calculation of the number of sections of bimetallic radiators is carried out according to any of their schemes, while the total amount of heat required is divided by the value of heat transfer from one segment. If you want to purchase radiators with installation in Moscow, we recommend that you contact here. The company has been on the market for a long time and has proven itself well!
Quartz heating battery
