How to build a winter greenhouse with your own hands. How to build a greenhouse with your own hands How to make a greenhouse with your own hands

Each gardener is attracted by beds with vegetables and other types of plants. And, probably, each of them dreams of greenhouses. In this article, we will look at various options greenhouses, we will study the materials from which the greenhouse is made. Let's raise the question of whether it is better to build yourself or buy a ready-made kit. So, how to make a greenhouse with your own hands? Let's start reviewing.

Materials such as polycarbonate, glass, polyethylene film are used to cover facilities for growing plants.

The frame of the greenhouse is mainly made of metal profiles or wood, and polymer pipes can also be used.

Depending on the type of construction, greenhouse structures are of the following types: arched, gable and single-slope. The greenhouse is most often installed as a stand-alone structure, but you can make an extension to a neighboring building.
Greenhouses are divided into winter and summer. In most cases, a winter greenhouse is a greenhouse.

In order to grow seedlings for flowers or early vegetables, gardeners use a frame made of metal profiles, wood or metal-plastic pipes. And depending on the preferences for thickness, covered with plastic wrap. In order to preserve the film for any season, it is recommended to shoot it for the summer period. The film can not be removed if it is made of reinforced film.

If an all-season greenhouse is installed at the dacha, then it must also be additionally equipped with such systems as microclimate control sensors, a heating and irrigation system, and ventilation must also be installed.

Do-it-yourself arched summer greenhouse

Consider how this type of greenhouse is built. In order for this structure to be made quickly and efficiently, you need to prepare the material for it in advance. It is recommended to use a U-shaped metal profile. To do this, you first mark the shelves on the frame, and then bend at your discretion. After that, you will need a food film, the remains of corners, thick fittings, edged board.

To build a support for fixing a greenhouse or greenhouse, trimmings from metal pipes. To do this, first mark the place where the building will be installed. After that, pipe sections are driven into the ground, with a margin of approximately 30 cm above the ground.

There is no big difference between a greenhouse and a greenhouse. They differ from each other only in size. Greenhouses in height are a maximum of one meter. Greenhouses can be of various sizes, depending on how and for what it will be used.

After the supports are installed, the metal elements, pre-bent, are fixed. To make the frame more durable, the arcs are fixed with a longitudinal rigid material. As such a material, a metal profile or reinforcing bar is usually used. It is attached to each arc. Boards are laid along the entire greenhouse, they will be the boundary between the beds. Then the film is stretched over the already finished frame. It is recommended to secure it with something additionally heavy so that it does not blow off the greenhouse in strong winds.

Attached greenhouse and thermos greenhouse

Who has a limited amount of space in the country, it is logical to use the attached greenhouse. Since one side will be the side of the house, the temperature in the greenhouse will be much higher, and accordingly the plants will grow faster.

These types of greenhouses can also be used as a greenhouse. To do this, it is recommended to install it on the southwestern or southern wall of the house. Thanks to this, a lot of daylight sunlight will come into the greenhouse and with it heat.

Another advantage of the attached greenhouse is the ease of conducting heating and electricity there. The rest of the structure can be made of materials such as glass, polycarbonate or special film.

Distinctive feature greenhouses - thermos is that it is installed almost completely in the ground. First, a pit is dug to a depth of about two meters. Then the foundation is made. After that, the walls are built. You can also choose wall material. It is better to use wood, brick or foam blocks. As a result, it turns out that only not most of roofs. The roof can be made from the same materials as conventional ground greenhouses: polycarbonate, film or glass. To prevent snow from settling on the roof, it must be made gable.

In winter, the ground does not freeze at such a depth, so you can not install additional equipment in a thermos greenhouse to keep the temperature at a constant level. If you cover the roof with a special reflective film, then this will give you the opportunity to collect and transform solar heat.

Many summer residents believe that the arched greenhouse is unstable. And then some of them decide to build a frame of wood. In order to build a wooden greenhouse, a number of conditions must be met. The durability of such a greenhouse will be ensured if it is made for it. good foundation. Against rotting of a wooden frame, it is necessary to treat it with an antiseptic.

A wooden greenhouse is also chosen for the reason that almost anyone without special skills can build it. Woodworking is much easier than, for example, metalworking. When using metal as frames, basic knowledge of plumbing and welding is needed. To protect the greenhouse from freezing, it is recommended to use. It will be more reliable and additionally protected.

Foundation manufacturing

The first step in the construction of a greenhouse is the manufacture of the foundation. To do this, a trench is dug around the perimeter of the greenhouse. The depth is about 20 cm and the width is about 30 cm. Pegs are installed along the entire length of the trench, to which formwork boards are nailed. After that, a frame of reinforcement with diameters of about 10 mm is installed in the formwork. It is believed that this particular diameter is well suited for the manufacture of the frame. Parts of the frame are fastened with wire and after that they are welded. When the frame is made, concrete is poured into the formwork along the entire perimeter of the trench.

To fill the entire void with concrete, you need to use a vibrator, if it is not there, then you can perform punctures in a spiral from the edges to the center to release air bubbles from the solution. concrete mix becomes solid after 3 weeks. However, if the outside temperature is high, it is recommended to put a film on top of the solution.

How to make a wood frame

If you lay roofing material over the foundation, then the wooden frame will last much longer. Next, the tree is tied. To make it you need a beam of 10 by 20 cm section. Its lower part is attached with self-tapping screws to the foundation. Then all this is combined with metal plates.

Then vertical racks are installed to bottom strapping along the entire perimeter at a distance of 75 cm from each other. The upper part of the vertical structure is fastened with a wooden strapping. For reliability, it is recommended to install spacers and struts.

A wooden greenhouse, as well as a thermos greenhouse, is covered with a gable roof. IN winter time snow will not accumulate, and the roof will not sag under its weight. A gable roof is easier to install. To attach the material (glass, polycarbonate or film), you will need rafters. They are quite easy to make yourself out of wood. You will need a bar with a section of 10 by 4 or the same board. The structure is assembled on the ground, and then installed on top of the greenhouse.

First, a structure is made from two beams, like the letter "A". And only then identical schemes are gradually attached to it. Then they are all linked together with ridge boards. These boards are attached to both sides of the roof. The rafters are sheathed with sheathing, on which the roof material is attached.

roofing material

Why do many people make greenhouses themselves? Most will answer that it is much cheaper. And this is how it really is. The advantage of making your own is that you are your own designer. Choose your own size, shape, material, type of greenhouse. You also do the internal filling of the greenhouse yourself, as you prefer. And if you turn on ingenuity and engineering skills, you can make automatic watering and ventilation.

At self construction you choose the material for the manufacture of the greenhouse. Depending on the purpose for which the greenhouse is placed, the material is selected accordingly. In order to grow vegetables and seedlings, you can use a film. Polycarbonate or glass is needed if you want a smart greenhouse. And in this case, vegetables and flowers will always be on your table.

Everyone knows that the harvest of vegetables and fruits is many times higher than the harvest just in the ground. But not everyone has the opportunity to buy. Therefore, making your own greenhouse from film and wood is a very cost-effective step.

A film is used as a material, since it does not need to additionally make a foundation. The advantage of the film is that it is transparent.

Consider each material in more detail

List of tools: axe, hammer, level, welding, knife, self-tapping screws, nails, cord. This is the main list of tools, but others may be needed depending on the type of structure.

Greenhouse with a wooden frame, covered with foil

First, we take the bars, pre-impregnated with an antiseptic and dried. Cross section approximately 50 mm. The concrete base is made first. First, a trench is dripped, sand is laid on the bottom and poured with water. After some time, the trench is filled with a cement mortar. It is better to observe the following proportions by analogy: 10 buckets of gravel, 6 buckets of sand and 2 buckets of cement mortar.

Next, the racks are made. They need to make 6 pieces. 4 pieces for the side parts, about 2 m high, and 2 for the doors. To make the bars correctly, they are placed on flat surface, perform the necessary measurements, and only then are attached to the base with screws or corners with nails. Using a plumb line, we measure the level.

The ridge beam is used in the upper part of the greenhouse. Fastened with nails. Then everything is covered with polyethylene. Cover with a film with a small margin so that you can touch up later. Then the rail is fastened with nails to the timber.

Do-it-yourself greenhouse with a metal frame

As a base, such greenhouses use metal arches, approximately 30 mm in diameter. You can also take a tarred timber, a metal corner or a sleeper, for example. Holes are drilled in the tree, 10 cm deep every 150 cm for arches.

Side rails are attached - runs. At the top they are connected by a ridge rail. Staples are boiled from the inside, slats are inserted into them and compressed with bolts.

Greenhouse with two frames

In such a greenhouse, the sides are wooden frames. For their manufacture, a 3 by 4 rail is used. The height is usually from two meters. Width about one and a half. A film is stretched over the frames in 2 layers and only then the frames are installed in a finished wooden frame, matched to the size of the frame.

Scheme of a gable greenhouse from frames

The scheme is the same as for a conventional greenhouse with two frames. The only difference is that the rafters are attached to the top.

To do this, we take slats, one side is a skate, the second is the top of the structure. After bonding, the excess rails are sawn off.

Holes are made in a wooden beam for fastening the frame with nails. Part of the frame will be the side walls of the greenhouse, and the rest are mounted on hinges, like doors.

The greenhouses that we have just considered are summer ones. They grow various vegetables, fruits, flowers during the warm months, so that there is solar warmth and light. There are also winter greenhouses, they have more complex structure but they have more features.

Gable winter greenhouse with greenhouse frames

In this design, a gable winter greenhouse uses polyethylene or glass as side walls.

Approximately at a height of 40 cm, a foundation is installed in a section of 40 by 40. Next, there is bricklaying. Bars are placed on the brick, in which holes for the frames have already been made. The bars are pre-treated with resin.

Bars with a diameter of 10 cm will serve as rafters. They connect the ridge beam and the wall beam.

Then you can already deal with the interior decoration of the greenhouse. For example, you can put shelving. In order for the air to circulate well, leave a small hole between the rack and the wall. Lath board sheathe areas between the frames.

Shed winter greenhouse made of greenhouse frames

In order for the corridor inside the greenhouse to be about 80 cm, you need to make a pit in the following dimensions:

• depth 85 centimeters;
• length 11 meters;
• width 3.5 meters.

In the event that the frame is wooden, then the lower part of the beam must be treated with an antiseptic. Installing such a greenhouse is no different from a gable one. To furnace chimney used as efficiently as possible, install 10 frames.

• The greenhouse must be ventilated.
• The entrance must be on the east or west side.
• Roofing felt, boards are taken as material for the ceiling.
• The entrance to the greenhouse should be additionally fenced.
• Upon completion of construction, metal materials must be coated with paint.

Newcomers to greenhouse building can first try making a shed greenhouse or greenhouse. The main difference between a greenhouse and a greenhouse is that the plants are ventilated by opening part of the greenhouse. The greenhouse is easier to use, it can be dismantled at any time, moved to another place. It should only be borne in mind that low plants can be planted in a greenhouse. Most gardeners use a greenhouse to grow seedlings. Simply put, a greenhouse is a miniature greenhouse.

Single-pitched excavated film greenhouse

Let's start with the dimensions of the pit. The width is about one and a half meters, the depth is up to half a meter, the bottom is about half a meter. Logs are stacked along the northern and southern walls. In order for the frames not to slip, a groove is made on the south side or bars are additionally nailed. Frames with a film with an area of ​​​​1 m by 1.5 m are placed along the width of the greenhouse. And depending on how many frames there will be, this will be the length of the greenhouse. Welding can be used to connect frames.

Gable film greenhouse

First, a box is made. Dimensions:

• Height - 20 cm.
• Width - 1.6 meters.

Rafters are nailed to the sides every 3-5 cm. On top, everything is connected by a bar, which also forms a ridge. The height will be about 75 cm. Every gardener can make such a miniature greenhouse. It is very fast and does not require large investments.

Rules for the placement of greenhouses and greenhouses

The place for installing a greenhouse or greenhouse must be chosen correctly. There should be a lot of sunlight and no wind from the north side. The best option there will be a small area on the southern part of your site.

Be sure to pay attention to the condition of your soil. If the soil contains a lot of clay or a lot of moisture in it, then such land cannot be used for a greenhouse or greenhouse. The best option would be soils that are processed in advance from pests and diseases.

Let's look at how to make a winter greenhouse with your own hands? Almost every site has a greenhouse or greenhouse. These designs can be purchased ready-made. In our article, we will look at how you can make a greenhouse yourself, what materials you may need and, in general, types of structures.

Greenhouse types

One of the main advantages of homemade greenhouses is that you are your own designer and you can think over and choose the design you need.

But before you start building, you need to carefully consider a number of details.

1. Select material.
2. Consider an irrigation system.
3. Is a foundation needed?
4. Ventilation system.
5. Dimensions.
6. Heating system.
7. Frame type.
8. Interior decoration.
9. Working space.

Addition. Structures, depending on the features, can be wall-mounted or stationary.

Characteristics of different types of structures

Before you build a greenhouse with your own hands, a mandatory step is to choose a construction model. If a greenhouse or greenhouse is adjacent to the house, then they will be economical in terms of space and heating costs.

Most of them use solar heat for heating.

There are greenhouses-polygons. They are distinguished by their uniqueness and complexity in manufacturing. Accordingly, the prices for such structures are higher. But you will have a beautifully decorated garden plot.

Structural dimensions

Before you start building a greenhouse, you need to understand what size it will be. In this case, it will be necessary to take into account the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site, and the size of the proposed place for the greenhouse.

Consider what you need to consider when choosing a size:

• If you plan to grow only seedlings, then you can use the smallest size.
• If the plant will be completely grown in a greenhouse, then a more voluminous design is needed.
• When choosing a size, you need to consider that the larger the area, the higher the cost of heating.
• The height of the structure directly depends on the height of the owner of this greenhouse and on interior decoration(shelves).

Building a winter greenhouse: foundation

If the greenhouse or greenhouse is small in size, then the foundation is optional. However, many professionals in this field recommend its use in construction. Since the foundation protects the greenhouse from groundwater and dampness.

Types of bearing base for greenhouse structures:

• Bars made of wood.
• Foam blocks.
• Brick.
• Concrete.

In most cases, homemade greenhouses are made from a wooden frame.

Greenhouse materials

An important quality of a tree is its environmental friendliness and thermal insulation, which is very important for seedlings. A negative feature of using wood is its tendency to rot. Therefore, now they prefer to use galvanized steel as a frame.

Any beginner in this business will be able to independently assemble a metal frame. Just keep in mind that thermal insulation can be worsened.

We are building a winter greenhouse: materials for construction

Before you start building a greenhouse, you must select the material. When choosing it, you need to focus on such qualities as strength, light transmission, and good thermal insulation.

Materials such as wood, glass, polycarbonate, metal arches, polyethylene pipes have all of the above properties.

Consider the quality of materials:

Glass is environmentally friendly and translucent. Cons - it breaks easily and weighs a lot. And also for the price - it's not the best economical option. Glazing will take a lot of time.

Polycarbonate, like glass, is environmentally friendly. It retains heat well and is resistant to mechanical damage. This is a very important characteristic, since the structure will not collapse under the influence of hail and stones. Its strength compared to glass exceeds 100 times. It is of two types: honeycombs and sheets. They differ from each other in structure and manufacturing process.

Cellular polycarbonate has greater light transmission, as its material and structure scatter light across the glass.

Sheet in its structure and characteristics is similar to glass.

Winter buildings are more complex in themselves, since during their construction it is necessary to think over heating and heat wiring systems. Many experienced gardeners recommend, or rather, believe that a biofuel polycarbonate greenhouse is the most optimal for winter time. When building a wall-mounted greenhouse, you can consider the option of connecting the whole house to the heating system. It will also be beneficial from an economic point of view.

What is biofuel?

• Household garbage.
• Compost.
• You can use manure.
• Horse dung is the most valuable fuel.

Advice. Mix horse manure with household residues - garbage and evenly distributed over the peat bedding.

The main feature of this greenhouse is a huge savings on maintaining the temperature - utilities. Plants can be grown all year round, and in the most severe and frosty winter. Excellent level of light penetration, which is not always the case in conventional greenhouses.

The main features of this greenhouse:

The main advantage is that, starting from a depth of 2 meters, the soil maintains the same temperature all the time: in winter, and in summer, and in frosts, and in rains.

Note. There are small changes depending on the level of groundwater, the closer they are to the surface, the more noticeable temperature fluctuations.

A good example is a well. In the well, both in summer and winter, the temperature is constant, above zero.

Approximately at a depth of 1 meter, temperature drops are noticeable: +5 in winter, and up to +10 in summer.

The base of the greenhouse can be heated to such temperatures using a warm floor. And to maintain the humidity of air and soil, it is necessary to use drip irrigation.

Note. A thermos greenhouse can be built in just one season, without using any special equipment and at no great cost.

Digging a pit. Land works for the greenhouse

Since the greenhouse goes into the ground, its main part, you need to dig a hole, at least two meters. Only then the soil will not freeze, but will give off its heat.

The length of the underground part can be as long as you like, and the width is limited - only 5 meters.

Note. You can make the width and more, but then the natural heating and reflective properties will be worse.

The shape can be any, the main thing is to orient it to the west-east side. One side will be thoroughly insulated with foam or glass wool, and the other should be well lit by the sun.

A foundation will be poured along the edge or blocks of concrete will be laid out, so the edge must be well aligned.

wall construction

When the foundation is completed, you can begin to lay out the walls. On the concrete base there will be a metal frame on which the thermal blocks will be attached.

• best material for the roof it is polycarbonate.
• Installation takes place on a metal structure with a crate.
• It is necessary to thoroughly strengthen the attachment points.

How best to make thermal insulation and heating:

A special film is attached to the inside of the wall, it perfectly holds heat.

Advice. In regions with very cold climates, a foil-coated film and a double base layer can be used to retain heat, relatively warm regions.

The main function of reflective insulation is to maintain positive temperature and, as a result, humidity and carbon dioxide levels. That is, everything that is important for the normal growth of any plants.

Even inside the greenhouse, it is necessary to provide "heat accumulators".
Note. "Heat accumulator" - it can be any container with water, for example, bottles, they heat up well and quickly and gradually cool down over time, maintaining the temperature.

The heating of the base will be carried out using a warm floor. It is very important when using it to protect the wires from damage by garden tools and moisture. To protect against both moments, you can lay it in concrete, an easier way is to close it with a net - but this is only from garden tools.

Floor heating in a greenhouse is often done under tiles, and plants are planted in pots, tubs, lawns.

Note. For plants, the main thing is compliance optimal temperature 25-35 degrees of heat, and humidity levels.

How to build a roof in a greenhouse with your own hands

When the walls are completely ready, you need to prepare the roof for the greenhouse. The best option for a construction of 12 meters is polycarbonate.

It is necessary to provide for the construction of the roof:

• Preservation of heat inside the greenhouse is achieved through the use of a double coating of polycarbonate (cellular).
• To connect 2 sheets of polycarbonate, each 4 mm thick, a profile pipe gasket is taken.
• The snow itself will not melt on such a double cover, so you need to use a thermal circuit, it will turn on and off with a timer.
• The use of double coating reduces heat loss during heating, but the light transmission is reduced by approximately 10%.
• We prepare the rafters in advance - we impregnate them with protective agents.
• The connection takes place in 1/2 of the tree, and the jumper is attached so that the length at the bottom point is up to 5 cm.
• The rafters prepared in advance will be a support, the lintels are removed, and a ridge beam is placed under them.
• The extreme rafters are nailed to the ridge beam using ordinary 20 cm nails.

As soon as the roof is assembled, it can be painted, after the paint has completely dried, polycarbonate is attached. For fastening, you need to take wood screws. Therefore, an iron corner for the roof is attached along the timber, and a special gasket made of heat-insulating material is also used.

The joints of polycarbonate and roof parts must be well glued with adhesive tape - adhesive tape. After all preparatory work you can mount the polycarbonate roof in place and fix it to the walls. Then you can move on to the arrangement of the internal space.

Our main goal is to build a greenhouse for the winter period with a small financial and labor cost and make heating in it. In this article, we will consider the most economical ways maintaining heat and heating, and choosing materials that best minimize losses.

The design should be solid, designed for long-term use, if possible inexpensive, economical in terms of heating.

How can savings be achieved

Let's divide the question into two parts. We have to:

• To build a structure that will absorb heat as much as possible on sunny days and give a minimum due to radiation and concept.
• Choose the most inexpensive way to heat in winter (and not only) - considering how it will be done and how much the operation will cost.

Construction

First, we sweep away greenhouses using film or made from wooden frames, with glasses, in one or two layers. Why?

In the first variant, you can forget about the preservation of heat in principle. Losses due to convection are very high; and this material is too easy to accidentally damage. In winter, all these facts will definitely lead to the death of the crop. Such a greenhouse is inexpensive in terms of financial costs. But its thermal insulation properties are practically equal to zero.

In the second option, it will also be a practically insoluble issue - heat leakage through holes between the glass and the frame. Wood can dry out or change shape with changes in humidity. Also, due to the effects of snow and rain, the frames need to be covered with protective compounds every year, for example, painted.

What remains?

Can choose

• Metal-plastic greenhouses, with glazing in several layers.
• Greenhouses on metal structures with polycarbonate.
• Metal-plastic.

In this case, there are many ready-made structures and all that remains for us is to choose it and pay, material and installation.

Basic principles to consider when designing

If we consider by the amount of solar energy that can be obtained, then the best option would be with shed roof pointing south. In this case, the sun will almost constantly shine on it almost at a right angle.

The north wall is being built opaque. It must also be insulated from the inside with foil insulation - foil inside. With such a construction, heat and light entering the greenhouse will be reflected from the foil and fall at right angles onto the beds. Since from the course of physics we know that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

Attention: you can not make a roof with a slope of less than thirty degrees. In winter, snow can accumulate, and this is undesirable for obvious reasons.

What do we get? The advantages of this solution are durability, wear resistance and good thermal insulation. The main disadvantage is the amount that will have to be spent on the purchase of such a greenhouse. The price of 1 square meter starts from 2500 rubles, if a large area is planned, then the result will be a substantial amount.

Polycarbonate

Cellular polycarbonate gained popularity very quickly after its appearance, due to the combination of its useful properties. Even when used in one layer, good thermal insulation is provided due to the cavities inside. Air is one of the best heat insulators.

Polycarbonate is almost 15 times lighter than glass, which practically eliminates the issue of structural strength.

This material is easy to bend and give the desired shape. Polycarbonate can be used together with an arch-shaped frame without any difficulties or problems. By the way, this design removes the issue with snow, the arch does not hold snow and it does not accumulate. Simple fastening, self-tapping to metal structure, and ease of handling.

The simplest recommendations are possible due to the characteristics of polycarbonate and the type of metal structure. The most durable frames are obtained from profile pipes. The arch is formed using a pipe bender, the structure is assembled by welding. The cross section of the pipe for the arch is -20 * 40 mm, the corner posts are made of pipes with a diameter of at least 40 * 40 mm.

Be sure to need ventilation windows, they will help the plants survive sunny days. Greenhouse with the use of prof. pipes, with a shed roof - simply assembled with bolts. The slopes at the corner posts are needed only during the assembly of the structure; in the future, polycarbonate will give rigidity.

Even cheaper and easier to manufacture is a galvanized profile, which is used when working with drywall, but it is not as resistant to lateral loads (during wind). When using it, you need to make a roof slope of 45 degrees, even minimal accumulations of snow are undesirable.

From the end, open-cell polycarbonate sheets must be drowned out with special strips or sealant. So, we will reduce heat loss due to convective currents inside the cells.

Heating

How to start heating inside the greenhouse yourself? Consider the most available options solutions for small greenhouses. We will consider only air heating, because the use of radiators, their installation, piping, all this will not be cheap. And there is a high probability to freeze this system in winter.

Gas

Heating using the main gas pipeline, how to do it right? A simple solution is a convector, how many you need will depend on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe greenhouse. Thermostats that are used in the design this device, allow you to get the result without adjusting the burners and other issues.

The products of combustion will go out into the open air through the pipe, and air will also flow through it to maintain combustion.

If the size of the greenhouse is large, you can install a gas boiler. The heat exchanger can be blown with a fan, if necessary, warm air is diluted with aluminum sleeves. Thermal insulation, as when using a boiler for heating a house, is not needed, we have one room.

With the onset of cold weather, work in the garden and in the garden come to an end. And summer residents with regret have to leave their plots. Despite the fact that growing fruits and vegetables only becomes interesting towards the end of the season. But if on your suburban area build a greenhouse with heating, you can grow anything, even in winter in severe frosts.

Construction type

First you need to choose the type of greenhouse, and only then proceed to the calculations and construction. Choice options depend on the purpose of the site and its features, on the location. Avid gardeners recommend designs using polycarbonate as a material. This is the easiest and most popular option. Another good option- thermos greenhouse. It is erected in late spring or summer, because you need to have time to prepare the soil for planting. Polycarbonate structures can be made at any time of the year. This material is very popular because it has a number of useful qualities in terms of greenhouses.

With a small thickness, polycarbonate in winter creates necessary thermal insulation. It has a honeycomb structure, and the honeycombs are filled with air, which has better thermal insulation properties.

The weight of polycarbonate is 15 times less than glass, so a reinforced frame is not needed. It is very easy to make an arched structure from this material, it bends easily.

Paperwork

If a greenhouse for the winter period is on your own site and you do not want to create a large-scale production, and, accordingly, use the labor of hired workers and sell legal products. persons, there is no need to draw up documents. For sale on the market, you only need a certificate that you grow them on your own plot.

The owner of a large greenhouse farm using hired labor, the harvest of which is sold through shops and in cafes, restaurants, needs to register a legal entity. You can also register as an individual entrepreneur or a private agricultural enterprise. This will achieve tax benefits, although all this is difficult.

Where to build?

The greenhouse must be placed so that most of the sun's rays come to it. It is necessary to ensure that the shadow from the house, buildings and trees does not fall on it. The sides of the greenhouse should be oriented to the north and south. Consider also that the wind significantly increases the heat loss of the structure.

By locating the greenhouse in the wrong place, you will get the exact opposite effect of what you expected - in the form of high heating bills and poor growth of vegetables and fruits that you grow in it. When building a winter greenhouse with your own hands: coating materials, types of heating, location on the site and type of structure, you need to choose based on what kind of plant culture you will grow. An important fact is the financial possibilities that must be taken into account.

Building features

Many amateur gardeners, when faced with this issue for the first time, think what are the differences between an ordinary greenhouse and a winter greenhouse. And the differences between them are significant.

Before proceeding with the construction of a winter greenhouse, you need to carefully read all the important points and its features. Temporary structures are assembled from separate frames. Since the weight of this structure is small, it does not need a foundation. Greenhouses using polycarbonate as a coating can be mounted on ordinary brick posts.

The winter greenhouse is a solid building. It has electricity and heating. Rigid and heavy frame allows you not to worry about the loads arising from wind and snow. But for it it is necessary to make a solid foundation.

An ordinary greenhouse can be small. It all depends on how many and what kind of crops you will breed in it. Growing vegetables in winter, in most cases, occurs for further sale, therefore, the requirements for the area of ​​​​the greenhouse are completely different, they start from tens of square meters.

The material for covering this structure can be absolutely any. But the best, affordable and reliable will be polycarbonate.

Before proceeding with the construction of a winter greenhouse, it is necessary to provide options for severe frosts and, as a result, the need for additional thermal insulation.

The location of the greenhouse must be chosen very carefully, because this is a capital building for more than one year. It is good if it is a flat area, well lit and without buildings nearby. You also need to take into account the humidity of the land on which the building will be, it should be within the normal range.

The foundation for the greenhouse can be made using a shallowly recessed reinforced concrete tape. Since the foundation must be solid, not for one year, when pouring it, everything must be done in accordance with the requirements.

When the base is ready, you can assemble the frame of the structure on it. Factory-made structures are usually supplied with drawings and photographs that will greatly help during installation. Polycarbonate sheets are attached to the frame with rubber washers. For tightness, their edges can be sealed with tape. To ensure the flow of fresh air into the greenhouses, several windows are made. If you have a desire to grow vegetables, but you do not know how to build a winter greenhouse on your own, you need to contact specialists or buy a factory-made structure.

Heating type

The type of heating used must be selected based on the useful area of ​​​​the greenhouse. Small spaces can be provided with heat using a stove. If the areas are large, then you need to choose from:

• Water heating.
• Electric heating.
• Biofuels.

To use water heating, you will need pipes, a tank and, most importantly, a boiler. Pipes can be buried in the ground or placed directly under the racks.

Electric heating can be air or underfloor heating. Infrared heating is also very often used. The "warm floor" system is similar in design to a water system. A system consisting of heating cables is mounted in a small recess. And then it is covered with layers of sand and fertilized soil. air heating can be organized with the help of fan heaters. Infrared heating is provided by infrared heaters located on the ceiling.

Biofuel is the most inexpensive way of heating.

Biofuels can be: any cattle or horse manure, warming wood and bark, hay or straw.

Biofuel is located under a layer of fertile soil. For proper heating of this type of heating, it is necessary that constant inflow air and maintained the required level of moisture in the air.

Which type of heating to use in your greenhouse is up to you. Each of the options needs to be considered from a financial point of view. You now know how a winter greenhouse is being built for growing plants. You need to figure out how to properly place everything in it - the layout of the internal space.

How to arrange the beds?

If you will grow plants of the same species in the greenhouse, then you can arrange the beds in parallel. Consider different cultures may not get along next to each other. For their joint breeding, it is necessary to apply the division into separate zones. For example, growing tomatoes and cucumbers next to each other will not work, because they need different watering methods - tomatoes need to be watered right under the root, and a drip irrigation system is suitable for cucumbers.

Finance, profit, payback periods

Correctly calculating the income from a winter greenhouse is very difficult, and sometimes impossible. The calculated profit and profitability of this entire enterprise is highly dependent on the distance, the city, the sales markets and the resulting crop. A more or less realistic return on investment is two or three years.

Sales channels

Fruits, vegetables and herbs are products that are in constant demand in the warm season, and especially in winter. Growing food in winter has the best profitability, because the prices for fresh herbs, tomatoes and cucumbers are very high.

Sales market

Grocery chains and small shops, and even supermarkets. They sell a very large volume of vegetables every day, so entering into supply contracts with them is very beneficial for you as a farmer. But it will be necessary to register a legal entity, and these are costs that need to be taken into account. Although if the crop that turns out to be grown is large, you can think about this sales market. The market, all novice gardeners sell herbs and vegetables here. Rent a kiosk or tent or place and you can start trading your crops.

Selling greens and vegetables directly. You can place ads on highly specialized sites, forums, bulletin boards in the global network. And there will be buyers very soon.

One of the lightest and easiest to install and assemble is a greenhouse using a wooden frame, which is covered with plastic film, a special greenhouse. The main advantage of this structure is the availability of materials, speed and ease of installation. Cons fragility of the coating, which can be easily damaged.

Another design came to us from Soviet greenhouses. Glass is used as the covering material. Its advantage is the ability to use all year round, if you bring heating and make double frames for the winter period. The light transmission is perfect compared to any other material. Cons - this is a complex building, and the fragility of glass as a material.

The type of greenhouse that you should pay attention to is the buildings with cellular polycarbonate coating that are gaining popularity. The advantages include, long term service life, light weight, large temperature range, excellent stiffness and strength parameters. Of the minuses, in comparison with glass, the light transmission is about 90 percent.

For the installation of a polycarbonate greenhouse, special attention must be paid to the foundation. How to make a foundation? It is necessary to dig a small ditch, the approximate depth of which is from 10 to 30 cm, and the length and width are calculated based on the required area. The base must be protected from moisture - put waterproofing, it can be roofing material. If there is a strip foundation, then it is necessary to put the formwork, from any remaining on garden plot materials. The fittings can be replaced with any other metal, they will do, and the remnants of old pipes and pieces of steel wire.

Since the length of the brick is 25 cm, the width of the brick foundation will be the same.

The height of the foundation will be about 20 cm above ground level. The height of the foundation will need to be increased if you use high beds. Recommends an increase of up to 50 cm. Thus, a small wall will be obtained. It will be installed in it.

We have dealt with the foundation. Now you have to choose between finished material or black.

What is draft material? These are various types of rolled metal for the frame, polycarbonate, gaskets, etc. A greenhouse made of such materials can only be of a certain shape, as they narrow down the list of shape selection. At first glance, she will little house with a transparent roof and walls. This is due to the fact that in houses without certain skills and the necessary equipment, it is difficult to make arcs from a power frame.

In a greenhouse made of this type of material, there is a plus - it is the economy of construction. There is no need to draw a project, you do not need to buy material and tools for installation, you can also install the greenhouse yourself without hiring contractors. For the construction you will need tools: a drill, a hammer, screwdrivers and a hacksaw for working with metal.

On a sheet, you make a drawing with the dimensions of your building in order to have an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe general appearance of the greenhouse. It is not necessary to comply with GOST standards, your drawing is enough for you. The most important thing is that you yourself understand what and in what sizes to do.

Recommendations for installing this type of greenhouse is impractical, since each gardener has different types of plot. And everyone will adapt to their own layout, and take into account all the moments and features of their site when designing a greenhouse. It also matters in the manufacture of the material from which you decide to build a greenhouse.

Positive characteristics of this type of greenhouse:

1. Saving your time. Since the manufacturer himself calculated everything and did the design work.
2. The kit contains all materials for installation. There is no need to search for materials.
3. The ready-made kit already has a scheme for collecting a greenhouse. Having carefully studied it, you can easily assemble it yourself.
4. All elements have a specific size, as they were manufactured at the factory.

The downside is that they are the same. Arches in the form of a tunnel (arched type) are now on the market. The advantage of this design is that, due to its arched shape, it has a large light reflection. And also on such a surface water from rain will not accumulate. The downside is that it is less durable and rigid.

Assembly shouldn't be difficult. We take out the diagram, look at the drawing and clearly, following the instructions, assemble the structure, almost like assembling a constructor.

The most difficult thing when collecting a greenhouse is the installation of polycarbonate. The most important thing is to follow the instructions exactly. The only recommendation is that if one person will collect greenhouses, then it is necessary to prepare props in advance.

Since it is quite soft, care must be taken when working with it. And also in the assembly process, you will need to cut and drill the material. The main thing here is to prepare in advance by marking with a construction marker.

When cutting material, we recommend using a clerical knife that is approximately 3 knife segments long so that the knife does not go to the side.
Since polycarbonate is a finished structure, it has stiffening ribs inside. Therefore, cutting can be difficult. The main thing here is experience. You can first take a small piece of polycarbonate and work with it, so to speak, to feel the material. And if you have a jigsaw, then, of course, use it.

Another important point in the assembly. The kit includes a steam pass tape. Be sure to use it. It will protect your greenhouse from excess moisture and dirt.

So, we have considered several types of greenhouses. Each of them has its own special and distinctive characteristics. And when building a greenhouse with your own hands best projects for themselves there will be exactly those that will allow you to focus on your goals, objectives and opportunities. After all, it doesn’t matter what kind you have, the most important thing is that it is made with your own hands and will delight you and your loved ones with a wonderful harvest.

As a rule, planting is done in the spring, but you need to take care of the conditions, in particular, we are talking about protection from low temperatures. Especially when it comes to vegetables.

Greenhouses and greenhouses do an excellent job with this task. How to make it from almost improvised materials and see below.

How is a greenhouse different from a greenhouse?

Before delving into the question of how to make a greenhouse, let's decide what is the difference between a greenhouse and a greenhouse:

• The greenhouse is used for growing seedlings and further planting in open beds, in the greenhouse, plants can be year-round;
• The required temperature level in the greenhouse is maintained due to the presence of compost or manure in the soil, while in the greenhouse there is an additional, third-party heating source;
• It is possible to grow trees in a greenhouse, but this cannot be done in a greenhouse.

What are greenhouses?

A greenhouse can be stationary or portable (a photo of a greenhouse in the country is presented below).

A stationary greenhouse can have all kinds of shapes, the most common model is a butterfly (it got its name due to the doors opening on both sides).

Portable more often in the form of a tunnel. The main material in both cases is a polymer film.

From all this it follows that it is quite possible to make a greenhouse with your own hands, this is the same creative process as growing cucumbers, tomatoes, etc.

Material selection

Before considering how to make a greenhouse with your own hands, let's deal with the issue of choosing a material.

When choosing a material, it must be borne in mind that it must meet the following requirements:

• Good light transmission;
• Resistance to various kinds of deformations, with strong gusts of wind, for example;
• Easy to install and assemble the whole structure;
• Durability.

As for the materials used, the cheapest, and most importantly practical, is the film, and here are its types:

• polyethylene;
• stabilized film;
• polyvinyl chloride.

Covering materials include:

• agril;
• lutrasil.

In order to finally decide and understand which material is preferable, it is necessary to compare them, and consider the pros and cons of each.

Glass

The advantages of glass include: it transmits approximately 94% of the light, serves for a long time, retains heat.

By cons: it gets very hot in the summer, a strong load on the main frame.

Film

The advantages of this material include: low cost, low weight, no foundation is needed.

Note!

By cons: fragility, difficult to wash.

Polycarbonate

Pros: good light transmission, high level of thermal insulation, lightweight and durable.

What to use to make a frame for a greenhouse

The frame is a kind of basis for a greenhouse, most often it is made of wood or plastic, less often of metal pipes.

wooden frame

The main plus is its environmental friendliness. It is also worth noting that it is very simple in terms of installation.

For installation, you will need the following tools: a hammer, a screwdriver, a saw, nails, rubber as a sealing element, wooden bars, a ruler.

Note!

It is advisable to cover the wooden elements of the future structure with drying oil before the installation process.

Execution sequence

First of all, a beam is attached to the mortgage mount, which will then become the base. Then the main beam is placed around the perimeter of the foundation, and temporarily everything is fastened with nails.

Side and corner beams are fastened with a bar diagonally. The door frame is installed to the side pillars. The cornice is attached to the top of the side and corner beams.

Roof

In the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe points where the vertical beams are fixed, it is necessary to remove a beam, the length of which is 2 m. The roof beams must be fixed at an angle equal to 30 degrees, they are connected to each other by a beam. In the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe end points, they must be supported by vertical guides.

The final fixing of the roof frame is done with the help of corners and strips on self-tapping screws.

Note!

Doorway

The door frame is attached first. Do not forget in the middle and upper part of the opening is fixed with special stiffeners.

Application of metal pipes

A greenhouse, as mentioned above, can be made from metal pipes, and also with your own hands. This design is more durable.

You will need: a welding machine, a hammer, a grinder, a special nozzle for working with metal (disk).

The pipe is divided into two identical parts. Tees are welded to the edges of the base pipe, crosses are welded every half a meter. The cut off elements must be welded to the crosses.

Special tees are attached to the arc to secure the door pillar.

Covering the greenhouse

After the frame is ready, you can start covering.

Film

The easiest material to use is film. It is necessary to cover the entire structure, leaving a margin of 15 cm, and then cut off.

Polycarbonate

The front side of polycarbonate, the one where the picture is shown. First you need to cut the sheets. Seal the cuts from above with sealing tape, perforated from below.

First, polycarbonate is attached from above, then on the sides. Mounted on the frame with a special profile, as well as rubber gaskets.

At the end, a seal and door fittings are installed.

Ventilation

In greenhouses, in order to create ventilation (ventilation), you just need to open the doors, but it is advisable to do this in warm weather.

A greenhouse is an indispensable thing for a gardener who is going to harvest a large crop of tomatoes, cucumbers and other vegetables in the future, having approached the design wisely and following all the instructions, everything will definitely work out.

DIY greenhouse photo

Many summer residents would like to grow fresh vegetables all year round. It is possible to come to country house even in winter. The building is heated, with all communications. For vegetables, if you want to grow them in winter and spring, you will also need a warm house. A year-round heated greenhouse can be equipped with your own hands.

This is the most important thing to start - to choose the right place. At 30%, the location will determine the efficiency of the greenhouse.

Table. Options for choosing a place for a greenhouse

Parameter	Description
Daylight	Of course, in a stationary year-round greenhouse, additional artificial lighting will have to be provided, but why not use the possibilities of nature 100%. Plants must be provided the maximum number daylight. Having located the greenhouse structure in the direction from west to east in open space, you will get maximum sun for the plants.
Wind	Cold winds can not only penetrate inside the structure through any even small cracks, but also, acting from the outside, reduce the temperature in it by 2-5 degrees. For young seedlings, such a difference can be fatal. Therefore, when installing a greenhouse, take care of its additional protection from the wind.
Water	Ideally, in a year-round greenhouse there is automatic system glaze. But if there is none, hydrocommunications should be located close, for convenient and efficient water intake and irrigation. Water temperature, especially in winter, also matters. Watering seedlings with cold water is unacceptable.
Approaches	Few people pay attention to this parameter. However, the approach to the greenhouse should be wide and comfortable. This will not only facilitate its construction, but also make comfortable and efficient operation.

Material selection

What to build from? There are many options. You need to choose such a material so that the building lasts a long time, is durable, airtight, economical. In this regard, the old film and glass classical buildings, equipped with frame structures using wood, have finally become a thing of the past.

Why film, glass and wood are not suitable?

Greenhouse made of wood and glass - photo

1. Even a heavy-duty film can tear - heat leakage will occur.
2. In the frames and between them, cracks will necessarily form over time, through which heat will also leave.
3. Glass breaks and in one layer has a low heat transfer.

What materials to choose for a year-round greenhouse?

• Frame construction can be used for installation metal-plastic frames, subject to their double-layer glazing.
• The walls of the greenhouse can be made of polycarbonate on a metal basis.
• For a year-round greenhouse, a brick building is suitable.

Reliability, long service life, protection for growing crops - these are the main parameters by which greenhouse building material is selected.

Assembling a greenhouse from cellular polycarbonate

Consider the polycarbonate structure, the features of its assembly and the tools and additional materials necessary for this.

What is good polycarbonate

This modern material has many positive performance qualities.

• It has excellent thermal insulation properties.
• It has a surprisingly flexible structure - it bends easily without breaking, which allows for the installation of even arched structures.
• This new material is 16 times lighter than the thinnest glass.

In polycarbonate structures, the role of the frame is profile pipes. In addition to them, you will need:

• welding machine;
• polycarbonate sheets;
• bolts and sealant.

Assembly can be done in a few hours, according to the instructions that come with the finished greenhouse.

Advice! Not all ready-made designs provide transoms, but it is better to provide them, the possibility of ventilation will protect the plants from overheating.

The frame is assembled with bolts. Sheets are inserted into the frame. Don't forget to make the roof sloped (a 35-degree angle is enough) to keep snow from accumulating. Places of strips with open honeycombs on polycarbonate are treated with sealant to minimize heat loss.

Features of a metal-plastic greenhouse

Do-it-yourself metal-plastic structures are not the easiest thing to do. It will be the most durable for specialists, so it is better to make a custom-made greenhouse frame in a construction company that specializes in the manufacture of such products. Plus, the frame will need double glazing, which is also better to entrust to specialists.

As a result, the full cost of such a year-round greenhouse will not come cheap. But this is the most real opportunity to grow greens and vegetables all year round.

Advice! When installing a metal-plastic glazed greenhouse, it is recommended that one wall (north) be made not of glass and insulated.

The roof of such a greenhouse tilts 30 degrees. It is preferable to choose a single-slope configuration.

Features of a brick greenhouse

A brick greenhouse, or as it is also called capital, is a real “home” for plants, where life is possible all year round. This is not even a greenhouse anymore, but a real greenhouse in which you can grow not only vegetables, but also various exotic plants. Until now, despite new modern materials, such as metal-plastic and cellular polycarbonate, the option of a brick greenhouse is considered the most reliable, proven, optimal, and effective.

How to build a brick greenhouse

The construction can be done with your own hands, if you have at least minimal skills in brickwork and other construction works. But even without labor costs, a greenhouse will require a solid financial investment.

You will need:

• brick;
• mineral wool;
• cement, sand;
• roofing material;
• boards, timber for rafters;
• windows, doors, gutters.

The features of the building are that, unlike all other types of greenhouses, a brick one is a “two-room apartment” for green pets. The first room is the vestibule. Usually it occupies an area of ​​2x2 m or 2x2.5 m. Garden accessories, fertilizers, soil and other necessary things are stored in the vestibule, and a heating system (boiler, stove) is installed.

The main greenhouse room can be any area that you are able to master.

The partition between the two rooms is made capital. It has a door installed. The second door from the vestibule leads outside. In the greenhouse, not only windows are made, but also transoms.

Another feature - for a capital greenhouse, you will have to fill in the foundation, preferably tape.

Table. The main stages of the construction of a brick greenhouse

Heating system

You can heat the greenhouse different ways. From the simplest and most ancient - furnace, to new and modern infrared equipment and heat guns. Each system has its own disadvantages and advantages.

Table. Characteristics of greenhouse heating systems

Heating type	Characteristics
	Used in capital buildings. The simplest and least expensive method. Does not require complex structures. The oven is installed in the vestibule. Chimney - around the perimeter of the greenhouse. For the arrangement of stove heating, ventilation is necessary. Among the disadvantages are uneven heat supply, the need for constant monitoring, strong heating of the furnace surface, fire hazard. The walls of a gas-generating solid fuel furnace do not heat up.
	It can be installed in a greenhouse from any material. Considered the safest. You will need a tank with a boiler, a pump, pipes, water, electricity. Water is heated by electricity, distributed through the system with the help of a pump, cooling down and returned to the boiler. This method provides not only an optimal uniform thermal regime, but also the necessary humidity. But only specialists can install such a system. Operation will also require serious material costs.
	Alternative to water. You will need gas heaters and burners, as well as pipes evenly distributed throughout the greenhouse. Gas is burned, heat is distributed in the room. There are several disadvantages, among which the main one is the need for constant monitoring to avoid gas leakage. Additional ventilation will also be required. This option is more economical than water, heating is carried out evenly, the room heats up faster.
	The most popular and demanded type. Can be used in all greenhouses. There are many devices, including: convector batteries, cables, guns, heating mats. Most systems are equipped with sensors, it is possible to adjust the modes.
	You should not even try to install the system with your own hands - it is mounted only by professionals at the time of assembling the greenhouse structure. Heating is excellent, uniform, fast. Condensation does not accumulate (which happens in winter with all other systems). But there is a possibility of overdrying the air, so it is recommended to install humidifiers in parallel.

What vegetables are grown in a greenhouse all year round

In a heated greenhouse, you can grow absolutely any vegetables, herbs, berries, flowers, and even exotic plants. But if there is only one greenhouse on the site, and you give preference to vegetables, you will have to choose up to three vegetable crops and the same number of greens.

Vegetables

From traditional vegetables for year-round cultivation, they usually choose:

• cucumbers;
• tomatoes;
• pepper;
• Chinese cabbage;
• radish;
• salads.

Greenery

From spicy green crops are grown:

• dill;
• parsley;
• cilantro;
• basil;
• green onion.

Pepper - can be sown and grown with any crops.

Tomatoes - grow well with onions and radishes.

Cucumbers - prefer radishes, lettuce and all green crops.

Greens - Can grow with all crops.

Advice! It is undesirable to combine cucumbers with tomatoes and cabbage with parsley in neighboring crops.

Planting seedlings in a greenhouse

Planting time for seedlings that have grown in rooms permanent place growth in a capital heated greenhouse, depends on the term chosen by you to crops. For the successful planting of seedlings, there are certain rules.

1. Seedlings are ready for planting when they have at least 7-8 true leaves (peppers have at least 12). The bushes are strong, stable, not elongated, flower buds may begin to form in peppers and tomatoes. Leaf color is intense green.

   

2. Before planting, seedlings need to be hardened off two weeks in advance - they should be taken outside for several hours, gradually increasing the time.
3. Greenhouse soil is prepared in advance - it is filled with humus, a bucket of 1 m² (not manure!) And minerals (potassium and phosphorus - 40 g each, nitrogen - 30 g / m²). The soil is dug up, loosened, broken into holes.

   

   

   

4. The wells are watered with water, two liters each. Seedlings are also well watered two hours before planting.

   

5. The seedling is carefully removed from the seedling container with the help of a planting scoop, along with the root soil. If too long a root sticks out of the soil clod, it is allowed to pinch it by a third.
6. The seedling falls into the hole, holds with one hand, the second fills the space between the walls and the lump.
7. The soil is compacted near the stem, watered again. For plants that will be tied up (tomatoes, cucumbers, some varieties of pepper), it is immediately recommended to install pegs or plank trellises.

   

Plant care in the greenhouse

In a greenhouse that works all year round for the “production” of fresh vegetable products, plants need especially careful care.

First important condition- soil preparation. Vegetables grown out of season in a greenhouse will place increased demands, primarily on the soil. It should be light, fertile, with a high concentration of substances needed by plants.

The following components are required in the composition of greenhouse soil:

• manure;
• turf;
• peat;
• straw (sawdust);
• sand;
• carbohydrate-containing and nitrogen-containing fertilizers.

The second condition is feeding. Vegetables and herbs need to be fed regularly throughout the entire growth and fruiting cycle.

The third important component of care is watering and humidity regime. Drip irrigation is preferred, or a fine shower (for some crops). If it is not possible to install an automatic irrigation system with temperature control of the supplied water, make sure that its temperature is not lower than the ambient temperature.

Heating is described in detail above. One has only to note that in the conditions of the middle zone, it will be necessary to heat a year-round greenhouse with different intensity for at least seven months a year.

An important care measure is weed control and soil loosening. The earth crust is dangerous for all garden plants, but it is especially harmful to seedlings and seedlings in a greenhouse, where plants get less air than in open ground.

The loosening of greenhouse soil, depending on the composition of the soil, often begins even before germination (when sowing crops with seeds). If the seeds have not yet sprouted, but the crust has already formed, of course, it must be destroyed in order to make it easier for the seedlings to reach the surface. Loosening before germination is carried out between rows, to a depth of not more than 5 cm, with a light ripper.

When the main crops sprout, or after planting seedlings in the greenhouse, all loosening is combined with weeding and is carried out after watering. The soil is loosened closer to the stem of the plant, but so as not to destroy the lateral roots.

Advice! Vegetable crops, such as tomatoes, peppers, cabbage, cucumbers, loosen immediately after planting seedlings deep, up to 7 cm. As the lateral roots grow, the loosening depth decreases, and the distance from the stem increases.

Also, in a year-round greenhouse, it is necessary to pay special attention to the prevention of diseases of vegetable crops, to take measures to treat diseases that have arisen, to remove vegetation residues, obsolete lashes, stems, leaves in a timely manner, and after harvesting, while preparing the greenhouse for a new sowing cycle, disinfect it.

Growing vegetables in a greenhouse will certainly bring excellent results if you follow all the rules for caring for seedlings and planting them in protected ground. The reward will be juicy and healthy fruits, vegetables and herbs from your own site all year round.

Video - How to build a large winter greenhouse

A greenhouse is essentially a unique part of your garden, because the vagaries of nature do not dominate it. The greenhouse will allow you to grow vegetables in winter or admire the plants and flowers of your home all year round. winter garden. And it is especially nice when it is made with your own hands. After all, the crop harvested in it will be especially tasty, and it is important that by building a greenhouse with your own hands, you will save a considerable amount. Of course, a number of questions immediately arise. What greenhouses are there and which one to choose? Where is the best place to put it? What material to choose? But don't worry, we'll answer all these questions and more. So, how to build a greenhouse with your own hands.

First of all, it is worth noting that buildings intended for growing plants are divided into greenhouses and greenhouses. A greenhouse is a more solid and complex structure. It usually has a foundation, walls and roof made of various materials. The design of the greenhouse is much simpler, it is small and mobile. A greenhouse, in principle, is not provided for the entire plant growth cycle. It is designed for growing seedlings, which are then planted in the ground.

Greenhouses are primarily divided into summer (seasonal) and winter (capital).

winter greenhouse

It is better to place a winter greenhouse closer to the communications of your home. Since the heating system must be conducted from them. Of course, you can heat the greenhouse with a stove, but it will be too troublesome. The stove must be constantly heated to maintain a stable temperature level. A capital greenhouse will definitely require a strong foundation and supports to withstand all weather factors.

Here we should also mention the greenhouse-thermos, deepened into the ground by several meters. But these greenhouses are erected an order of magnitude less frequently due to the high labor intensity and cost. For it, it is necessary to dig a pit, make a strong foundation and walls from thermoblocks, bring heating system and much more.

summer greenhouse

Summer greenhouses usually mean greenhouses covered with dense polyethylene. This is the simplest and cheapest option for covering a greenhouse, which will last a couple of seasons with careful use. Usually, either a wooden frame or a frame made of PVC pipes is constructed, on which a film is attached in the spring. A large selection of inexpensive seasonal greenhouses is also available. They have an easily foldable, non-bulky design that will be easy to hide at the end of the season if necessary.

According to their shape, greenhouses are divided into:

• arched
• lean-to
• gable
• Mittlider's greenhouse
• domed greenhouses
• polygonal

arched greenhouse has an arched shape of the roof, thanks to which the sun's rays will be evenly distributed over the entire area and, accordingly, the plants will receive maximum sunlight and heat. Also, this shape prevents the accumulation a large number snow, so that deformation does not threaten it, and your work will be reduced.

Shed greenhouses usually attached on one side to any solid construction of the site. Perhaps, ideal option will be if it is attached on the south side of a residential, heated house. In this option, you will save not only space on your site, but also energy for heating. But in this option, unlike the previous one, snow can accumulate, so you should be careful during snowfalls.

And the most common today - gable greenhouses. They can be both winter and summer. The main advantage of these greenhouses is their size. There is plenty of room for you and your plants. In such a greenhouse, some part of the area can even be allocated as a recreation area.

Form Mittlider's greenhouses usually based on gable design(less often arched). But still, we singled it out as a separate view because of its unique two-level roof that allows you to make a transom (windows in the picture below). The transom in this case is a complete ventilation system that eliminates all the disadvantages of ventilation of other types of greenhouses. It not only ventilates, but also supplies the plants with the carbon dioxide they need to feed.

domed greenhouse is more of a design element than a fully functional greenhouse. However, it is great for growing flowers and will look great in a snowy garden. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that the domed shape provides a number of significant advantages. Among them, it is worth noting strength and stability, and most importantly, good illumination throughout the day. The disadvantage is small size, which is often not very convenient to work with. Such a greenhouse is difficult to manufacture, so they usually buy ready-made structures.

polygonal greenhouses have, as a rule, an octahedral shape, which gives them a number of advantages, but also makes their construction more expensive and laborious. The benefits include attractive appearance, which makes them a real decoration of the garden, as well as a number of practical qualities. It is convenient to install racks and work in them, but, most importantly, at least one of the eight faces is constantly at the best angle to the sun.

Choosing a place for a greenhouse

The effectiveness of the greenhouse will largely depend on its location. Pay attention to the following:

1. If you are planning a solid greenhouse, then to ensure necessary conditions plants (lighting, wind) build it from west to east.
2. The amount of soil, as well as its slope, plays an important role. The greenhouse is placed only on level ground. If the soil is clayey, it must first be sprinkled with gravel, and then a layer of fertile earth should be poured. It is not necessary to install a greenhouse in a lowland, on sandy soil, in swampy areas.
3. Given the need for a supply of communications, remember the proximity to the house. As mentioned above, a good option would be to add a greenhouse to a house or other building near it. This, for example, will facilitate heating and protection from the wind and will be beneficial with a small area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site. Most importantly, do not forget that this building should not interfere with the access of the sun.
4. To improve the temperature regime, deepen the greenhouse by 70-80 centimeters. When deepening, it is worth remembering about low-growing plants, since with excessive deepening they may receive less light.
5. Do not place the greenhouse close to the trees, they will create unnecessary shade for the plants.

Greenhouse frame

One of the key structural elements of the greenhouse, which ensures its strength and stability, is the frame. There are three most common and popular types of frame: metal, wood, plastic (PVC). Briefly about each of them:

• plus wooden frame is the convenience of its erection and more opportunities for improvisation. To protect against weather factors, wood will require mandatory processing, but despite this, the wooden frame will still yield in terms of durability to the other two. The main advantage of this material is its environmental friendliness.
• Metal carcass stands out for its durability. You should not worry about it during strong winds or snowfall. There are different options for metal frames, but if you choose steel profile, remember the need for an anti-corrosion coating.
• PVC frame considered reliable and safe. The strength of this frame will primarily depend on the thickness of the selected profile. By using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) you can create a completely airtight system in your greenhouse and adjust the microclimate in it as you wish.

Greenhouse cover

For reliable protection plants will need good material to cover the greenhouse. Most common: glass, different types films and products from all the same PVC.

When choosing glass for a greenhouse, keep in mind that it must have high strength in order to withstand all weather disasters. The best choice would be tempered glass or triplex. In the event that it is not possible to supply one of these options, the installation of several glasses may be an option.

Film- the most popular greenhouse cover option today. With the right choice and proper care, it can last a long time. Now, various types of films are produced specifically for greenhouses and hotbeds. For example:

• Reinforced film is a particularly strong material that helps in protecting plants from frost. Most often, gardeners choose it.
• Light-transforming film - converts ultraviolet radiation into infrared, which in turn promotes plant growth.

PVC products- this is a cellular and monolithic polycarbonate and acrylic plastic that transmits light well. Polycarbonate is in the greatest demand. It has a number of notable advantages:

• relatively low price;
• material flexibility;
• does not fade and looks aesthetically pleasing;
• good thermal insulation due to the air gap;
• resistant to temperature changes and other weather factors;
• the lightness of the material, which allows you not to build an impressive frame and foundation for it;
• well scatters the sun's rays;
• ease of installation and dismantling;
• durability.

How to build a greenhouse with your own hands

Before building a greenhouse, you must have a clear understanding of future construction. To do this, you need to draw up a diagram of the greenhouse, calculate the amount of material needed and, of course, prepare the place. In order for you to get an idea of ​​the progress of construction, let's look at a visual photo example of the construction of one of the greenhouse options.

Aluminum pipes are used for the frame of the greenhouse.

To give the pipes the necessary shape, we use a simple pipe bender.

Understandable if you use pvc pipes, this step will not be needed.

The result should be the following.

In our example, pipes of larger diameter are used to fix the arches of the greenhouse frame. They are driven to a depth of 40-50 cm. The height of the pipes above the ground should be about 30-40 cm.

Instead of pipes of a larger diameter, ordinary fittings with the same dimensions can be used for fastening. It is hammered into the ground in the same way, and the arches of the frame are put on from above.

Along the perimeter we install boards (plinth), pre-treated with an antiseptic. Then we drill a hole through the board and both pipes. Then securely fasten with bolts. We fasten the boards to each other with metal jumpers.

Using a wooden beam, we collect the frames of the "fronts".

We fasten the transverse arcs with a longitudinal pipe.

We sheathe the wooden frame with siding or plain plywood, and then paint it.

We cover all potentially sharp and rough edges so as not to tear the film.

It remains to put the door and cover the greenhouse with foil. Let's talk more about film mounting options.

Fixing the film on the greenhouse

We list the most popular mounting options:

• Wooden slats nailed or screwed with self-tapping screws. Alternatively, instead of rails, you can use chopped linoleum or packing tape, and fasten them construction stapler. But this option is better to use for a reinforced film, since other types will inevitably tear over time from gusts of wind.
• Clamps, clips. Now there is a large selection of such mounts, so there will be no problems in acquiring. But if desired, they can be made independently, for example, from PVC pipes. It's not difficult at all, and with a little experimentation, you're sure to make the right ones. If you buy metal clips, then do not forget to put something under them, as heating up in the sun, the metal can ruin the film.
• Mesh is the safest mounting option. After we cover the greenhouse with a film, we lay a grid on top of it, which is tied to the body. Of course, some additional film mount, at least minimal, should be present. Otherwise, after every heavy rain, you will have to correct it. Instead of a net, a rope can in principle be used, although this is more troublesome.

We reviewed with you, we hope that this article was useful to you.

If you are planning to build a greenhouse with your own hands, first of all you need to decide which material to prefer - used or buy new. Both options have their advantages and disadvantages, second hand materials cost next to nothing, but you will need some time to find and collect, and such material can be more difficult to work with, matching items together.

New materials, on the contrary, are very convenient to use, but cost money. Building a greenhouse on your own will take some time, so it’s best to plan ahead and set aside 2-3 days for this work. You also need to decide what you will make a home greenhouse from - home-made greenhouses are usually film, glazed, or built using polycarbonate.

So, the main questions, from what and how to make a greenhouse, have been resolved, and the planning stage is over - now you can proceed directly to the construction of a home-made greenhouse.

The dimensions of the greenhouse considered in this article are 3.6 meters wide and 5 meters long, with a central height of about 2.5 meters. The length of your greenhouse can be longer or shorter, but when building a structure for this project, the width should be in the region of 3.3-4 meters.

If your greenhouse roof is too flat, it may fall apart!

How to make an arched greenhouse strong and reliable, so that it doesn’t happen that your greenhouse surrenders under the onslaught of the first downpour or snowfall. In an attempt to make the bottom of the greenhouse more spacious, you might try to make it wider and lower - but be careful! In the event that your area has a lot of rainfall, snow and rain roll off a steeper roof much more efficiently than a flat one. A greenhouse roof that is too flat will sag under the weight of the water and snow, causing damage to the roof.

So, how to make a greenhouse with your own hands?

We started the construction of the greenhouse with end walls, although this is not at all a prerequisite, you can build the main structure first, and do the ends later. Do it the way you feel most comfortable.

First, to outline the greenhouse, temporarily attach a piece of PVC pipe to a wooden plank.

Pre-drill a hole in the pipe and attach to the wooden element with a self-tapping screw.

Assemble the rest of the frame, including the doorway. The width of the doorway depends on the size of the door, the width of which can vary from 1 to 1.5 meters. wooden threshold it will be possible to saw off later, when the turn comes to the installation of the greenhouse door.

To make the frame joints more durable, you can glue them using a special glue designed for outdoor use.

After the assembly of the wooden frame is completed, it is necessary to mark the contours of the greenhouse on the planks.

Remove the PVC pipe and saw off the extra pieces of the wooden plank along the contour.

Repin plastic pipe to its rightful place, on the outside of the frame. For this purpose, you can use self-tapping screws and wire anchors.

Rear end wall of the greenhouse.

And the front end wall of the greenhouse... The polyethylene film, which is planned to be attached to the structure later, will completely wrap the frame and be fixed on the wooden parts of the end. If you don't have enough wooden elements in the frame of the end walls, then there may be problems with fixing the film. A poorly fixed film will sag and tear off at the first strong gusts of wind.

A roll of film can be spread directly on the frame to measure the desired piece.

Cut off a piece of film with a sharp knife, placing something solid under it.

After fixing the film on one side, you need to turn the frame of the end wall, and fix an additional layer on the other side.

Then carefully cut off the excess piece of film.

Cut a hole in the end wall for the doorway, leaving enough film to double-fold it before attaching it to the frame. Pay attention to the cuts in the upper corners of the hole for the opening.

That's about it!

Drive long pieces of rebar or steel fence posts into the ground at a distance equal to the width of the doorway.

Align the posts vertically with a plumb line.

Tie the frame of the arched greenhouse to the fence posts using wire anchors, wire or rope.

Once the end walls are in place, run a string through the entire length to mark the installation line for the side ribs of the greenhouse.

Along the line, at a distance of one meter from each other, drive in pegs from the reinforcement to secure the intermediate ribs.

Fix PVC pipes on pegs, and the greenhouse takes shape. For a stronger and more stable structure, you can use a thicker pipe or place the ribs of the greenhouse more often than one meter apart.

During the construction of this greenhouse, the ribs turned out to be shorter than planned, so it was decided to lengthen them a little.

We decided to lengthen the fins with pieces of PVC conduit. By the way, gray PVC conduit is more resistant to solar heat. Therefore, the ribs of the greenhouse can be completely made of conduit.

In case you live in an area where it rains or snows a lot, you will need to install an additional PVC pipe right in the center of the arched greenhouse.

A comb of thick PVC pipe, fixed at the top of the frame, will prevent sagging of the film and collapse of the structure.

Screw the side ribs to the comb with self-tapping screws, and secure with a rope for fidelity. In case of heavy snowfall, it is recommended to install props inside the greenhouse during bad weather.

Fix each connection with wire anchors and fasten with self-tapping screws.

Using pieces of wood to twist the wire together and pull it tight. Wire spacers make the structure more stable and durable.

Measure and cut the plastic wrap, you will need to measure off some of the excess film from all sides so that you can roll it up a bit at the ends later.

Fix the film on a wooden plank with a stapler.

After the film is stapled onto the wooden plank, a full turn must be made to completely wrap the plank in polyethylene.

Fix the film with self-tapping screws using a drill. Wrap the ends of the plastic film around the wooden plank and attach an additional plank over the film - this will help to securely fix the film and make the structure heavier. Fix the opposite end of the film in the same way, roll it up and take it closer to the greenhouse. For this job, you will need another person to help roll, unfold, and wrap the frame of the greenhouse.

So, the main work is completed, there are minor improvements that you can easily handle. Sprinkle the lower end of the film wall with earth or mulch to get rid of cracks and drafts; bricks, tiles or stones can be laid on top of the earth embankment, along the outer office of the greenhouse.

Well, that's all, now you know how to make a greenhouse with your own hands!