It is necessary to care for plants not only in the warm season, but also in autumn: after harvesting, it's time to help them survive the winter.
At this time, the insects seek shelter for the winter months and often hide in trees and shrubs. This leads to the fact that in the spring after waking up, the trees are immediately attacked by voracious awakened insects, many of which also carry diseases.
To prevent such troubles, gardeners carry out regular prophylaxis twice a year - in the fall, before the onset of cold weather, and in the spring immediately after warming.
This allows you to save energy and time in the spring to prepare for the new warm season.
Who should be afraid
Depending on the territory and climate, diseases and pests may vary.
Viruses found on fruit trees and shrubs are especially dangerous:
- Penetrating into the fruit, they can spoil appearance harvest or render it unfit for consumption.
- Destroying the leaves, they force the trees to grow green again, leaving no strength for the formation of fruits. This leads to poor quality and low yield.
In Russia on fruit trees most often found:
- fungal diseases: scab, late blight;
- insects that prefer leaves: whites, bears, cocoonworms, wavelets;
- pests that feed on plant sap: different types aphids (for example, affecting only plums or roses), mites, psyllids, sucker;
- beetles that affect the reproductive organs: weevils, tubeworms;
- berry pests: California scale insect, raspberry beetles, stem nematodes, glass case, raspberry gall midge.
Note: despite the abundance of "enemies", they are basically destroyed by the same methods, and therefore there is no need to purchase a dozen chemicals at once - it is worth starting with one substance.
Autumn processing of the garden consists of several stages:
- harvest;
- pruning branches;
- trunk whitewashing;
- spraying branches;
- frost protection.
After passing all the points, the garden will be completely ready for wintering.
Harvesting and pruning
After harvesting, it is necessary to ensure that there are no fruits left on the ground in which rot can start, and all leaves should also be removed. Healthy leftovers can be put on humus.
To do this, you need to dig a hole in the corner of the garden and throw out all the organic parts there. In a few years, they will make excellent humus, which will be used to fertilize the garden.
Gardener's advice: if diseased fruits or damaged leaves were found, it is necessary to burn them away from healthy plants or bury them.
But pruning can only be done in the south, where the temperature does not drop too low, otherwise the bark around the cut may freeze and the branch will die. If the freezing of the garden does not threaten, you need to prune: remove all dry, crooked and infected branches, and then burn them.
Whitewash
Whitening trunks with special compounds allows you to solve several problems at once:
- protects the trunk from ultraviolet radiation in the absence of a crown and shade;
- destroys pests that may try to crawl into the roots;
- regulates heat: thanks to the whitewashing, the barrel does not overheat and does not get cold.
For whitewashing, you can use ready-made preparations, choosing the most optimal ones. They adhere well to the bark, do not wear off. Usually they include an antiseptic, which allows you to further disinfect the surface. The disadvantages of the finished product include their cost.
Consider: if the purchased whitewash is too liquid, you need to add a little PVA glue or garden adhesives to it, but in no case should you use wood glue: it will completely clog the bark and the tree will not be able to breathe.
Also, whitewashing can be done independently. The finished product will be less resistant, but it will be much cheaper.
For this you can use:
- lime solution: 10 liters of water, 3 kg of slaked lime, 300 grams of copper or iron sulphate;
- 2 parts of slaked lime and 1 part of clay with the addition of PVA glue for viscosity;
- a mixture in equal proportions of cowshed and clay.
Instead of copper sulphate, you can use Dichlorvos, BI-58, DNOK, as well as the fungicides Hom and Oxyhom. It is necessary to adhere to the proportions indicated on the package.
spraying
After the trunk and bases of the strongest branches are processed, it is necessary to spray the crown. To do this, use solutions and special sprayers or sprayers.
As a first fit:
- A solution of vitriol 1% or 2%: it helps in the fight against rot and various pests.
- one percent Bordeaux mixture: suitable for controlling powdery mildew, rot and scab on apple and pear trees. To prepare it, you will need to combine two mixtures: a solution of vitriol (a kilogram of substance per 50 liters of water) and lime mortar (in the same proportions).
- A solution of soap and soda ash: used to prevent powdery roses on gooseberry and currant bushes. To do this, in 10 liters of water dissolve 50 grams of soda and 40 grams laundry soap- it must be rubbed on a grater.
- Urea solution (or carbamide): used to prevent attacks by leafworms, aphids, suckers and flower beetles. Apply according to package instructions.
- Solution mineral fertilizers: 1.5 kg of ammonium sulfate, 0.5 kg of urea and 0.7 kg of saltpeter will be required for 10 liters of water.
Frost protection
The traditional way to protect trees from frost is to tie them up.
Suitable for this:
- spruce branches;
- raspberries;
- reeds;
- sunflower;
- roofing material: it is necessary to put a rag under it so that it does not touch the bark.
Having overlaid the trunk with material, it is tightly tied, trying not to crush the trunk of young plants. good option will wrap the tree over the branches with a metal mesh and secure it: this will help keep its shape, while not harming the plant. It is necessary to pour earth under the structure so that the mice do not get inside.
If mice or other rodents frequent the area, several traps or poison baits should be placed around the trees. This will keep the bark intact. Immediately after the onset of spring, everything is cleaned.
Preparing a garden for winter is not difficult, but it is necessary for anyone who would like to keep trees and shrubs healthy. Having processed them from pests and diseases in advance, in the spring you can not be afraid of unpleasant surprises.
To do everything right, it is recommended to watch training videos and photos in advance, as well as purchase everything you need. Processing should begin immediately after leaf fall and end before the onset of cold weather. If the autumn is late, the work can be delayed a little.
Watch the video in which the expert talks in detail about autumn processing garden from pests and diseases:
Experts recommend protective spraying in the fall. This day should be without rain, dry and frost-free. At a time when trees bloom, bear fruit and ripen, they do not need protection from various small pests. How and what to spray the garden in the fall, you can learn from this article.
Preparing plants for processing
On winter time insects are looking for a warm place to sit out the cold season there. Such places are fallen leaves, bark and soil. As a result, spraying fruit trees must be carried out in the autumn.
Such an action will help rid the trees of scab, spotting, putrefactive diseases and other misfortunes. Due to the fact that under the bark of plants that are not processed, bacteria multiply much faster, the vegetative process slows down.
After winter, the plants slowly "wake up" and their processing matters a lot autumn. Before spraying the trees in the fall, they need to be prepared.
Preparation and processing is carried out in several stages and depends on the age of the seedlings:
- If the plants are more than six years old, then first you need to remove the old bark and lichen with metal brush. This is done so that the pathogens various diseases were unable to hide.
- As soon as everything was removed from the trees, spraying is carried out. The very last spraying should be done after all the leaves have fallen off. You can also do this after the first frost. First you need to remove all the leaves, branches and weeds that have fallen.
How to process garden trees
How to spray fruit trees in the fall? fruit garden plants solutions of urea, ferrous or copper sulphate are best protected. Each solution is aimed at a specific type of threat.
And therefore, spraying plants can not be carried out with only one preparation. The tool is selected depending on what result is needed. Experts recommend doing this procedure at the end of October.
inkstone
Fruit trees, such as apple trees, plums, cherries and peaches, are treated and fed with this preparation. After plant treatment get a lot of useful trace elements and iron. Also, after the procedure, oxidative processes improve.
If it is not enough, then the quantity and quality of the crop decreases. Preparing a solution of iron sulphate is easy. It is necessary to mix one kg of dry powder with 15 liters of water.
blue vitriol
If you do not know what trees are sprayed with in the fall, use copper sulfate. This drug, which has a fungicide in its composition, does not allow putrefactive diseases to appear, powdery mildew, scab and spotting.
Plums this drug protects against moniliosis, coccomycosis, clasterosporosis and curly. For pears and apple trees, it provides a protective reaction against monioiosis, scab and phyllosticosis.
If the trees in the garden are not older than six years, then use up to two liters of copper sulfate solution per seedling. If the plant is older, then use up to ten liters.
It is best to spray fruit trees in the garden in the morning or evening. The temperature should be from +5 to +30 degrees, and it is also not desirable that there be wind.
Processing the garden with urea
It is recommended to spray urea plants in the garden as a first or last stage in preparation for winter. The first spraying should be done with a high concentration of the product. Such an action kills all pest larvae.
Saplings in the garden are processed in the fall after half of the leaves have fallen off. To do this, make a solution - 10 liters of water and 500 g of urea. When all the foliage has fallen on the trees, the solution is made more concentrated by 7%.
Need to process trunks, branches and ground. This is an excellent tree protection and fertilizer. Just do not overdo it with the preparation of the solution, if it is too concentrated, then the leaves will get burned and fall off earlier than necessary.
As a result, the supply will decrease useful substances and the frost resistance of fruit trees will decrease.
The nuances of autumn garden processing
Plants in the garden are sprayed using a manual or mechanized apparatus. This device evenly sprays the drug and protects the person from contact with the latter. Regardless of what principle the device has, they all have spray pump.
Mechanical models differ from manual models in terms of ease of use and difference in cost. Mechanical - much more convenient, but more expensive. Processing trees with a manual machine requires periodic pumping.
When there are wounds and cracks on the trees, then in addition to lime, the following means must also be used:
- cow dung;
- finely chopped straw.
There is another way to protect trees - garden var. You can make it yourself or buy it in a store. To prepare, you need 100 g of rosin and 200 g of beeswax.
These products must be melted separately, then mixed together and add 100 g of unsalted fat to the mixture. Before filling cracks, garden pitch must be heated.
In the southern regions, trees need to be cut in autumn, and in the northern regions, such an action will lead to the freezing of the plant.
When we bought ourselves a dacha with a garden, in the very first autumn we began to think about how to spray fruit trees. There were many options, now there are a lot of proposals from different sources. The most common options are copper and iron sulfate, urea (carbamide), as well as Bordeaux liquid.
I already wrote about Bordeaux here -. Well, we decided to stop at carbamide, or urea. Why on this substance?
It is a 46% concentrate of nitrogen fertilizer, sold in crystalline form, looks like salt, does not smell. In the country business, it is used for feeding plants, as well as for spraying them. The active substance of urea is nitrogen, which is necessary for all plants for development and growth.
In addition, nitrogen destroys all pests that are on the plant, which makes it possible for the fruit crop to give a clean, not rotten and not spoiled crop.
The benefits of autumn tree processing
Spraying your garden with a solution of urea in the fall, you prevent the spring feast of insects on your trees, eliminate pathogens that actively multiply in wet autumn weather.
Without fail, you must spray all your fruit trees autumn, until frost. Apples, pears, cherries, plums, apricots and cherries. In general, everything fruit plants I recommend treating with carbamide. Believe me, it will do you good anyway!
Having processed your trees, you will eliminate the scab, various fungal infections, spotting, different kind rot, as well as insect pests hiding in the bark and dormant buds for the winter. All these freeloaders will have a hard time, and they will die, allowing the trees to be full of strength.
Rules for autumn garden spraying
For your area, the optimal time to spray with urea is when all the leaves fall. This is the main reference point for your region. Be sure to wait for the leaves to fall, otherwise you can burn the foliage, which will affect the health of the tree. It should drop the leaf itself, prepare for wintering, fall asleep, and after that, you can start spraying with urea.
The second most important condition is dry, windless weather.Here everything should be clear - dryness contributes to better impregnation of wood, and the absence of wind will allow you to accurately treat the crown with a spray gun. Be sure to use plant protection products!
The spray solution must be prepared sufficiently concentrated, experienced gardeners it is recommended to take 500-700 grams of fertilizer per 10 liters of water. This concentration is optimal in the fight against pests and infections.
Spray the entire crown, from the bottom of the trunk and ending with the top of the crown. Therefore, in your work you may need a garden ladder. That is why it is best to spray in calm weather so that air currents do not blow away the solution flying out of the spray gun.
The soil around the tree should also be cultivated. urea solution. Carbamide will destroy the larvae that have hidden for the winter, simply burn them chemically.
These simple rules autumn processing of the garden will allow you not to worry about your future harvest, will save your plantings from insect pests and prevent the development of diseases of fruit trees.
How and when to spray shrubs and trees in the fall?
In order for the wintering of trees to be successful, the gardener will need to protect his fruit trees from pests and diseases. Spraying trees in the fall, you will provide them with a healthy and blooming view throughout the next season.
autumn spraying trees - important factor in garden care. Processing of fruit trees is carried out using spray guns, while observing all safety rules, since late spraying carried out with pesticides. In view of this, each gardener needs to have a set of clothes for this procedure: gloves, a protective gown and, of course, a respirator. The preparation for spraying fruit trees in the fall should be selected based on the existing diseases and pests, as well as whether this treatment is early or late. Since late autumn is usually rainy, it is necessary to wait for dry weather, in no case do not spray the plantings before the rain, otherwise the rain will wash away the substance and the garden will remain unprotected or will not bring sufficient effect. The weather should be dry and calm.
Spraying trees in late autumn is carried out immediately before the onset of winter. Of course, if there are plantings in the garden that are sick, the procedure is carried out outside the schedule.
With the onset of early autumn, the garden is especially in need of care and attention. In order for fruit trees to be resistant to winter and cold, during late November spraying they are also fertilized with potash and phosphorus fertilizers.
For autumn spraying of fruit trees, it is good to use a solution of urea, with the calculation: 500-700 grams of urea per 10 liters of water. Interestingly, when spraying, it is necessary to treat both the tree itself and the area under it so that the entire infection is killed. Spraying should be dusty, fine. This procedure will reduce the risk of disease in the garden next year.
However, many gardeners are in a hurry and make a serious mistake by working their garden in early autumn, when the trees have not yet lost all their leaves. Spraying a garden with such a solution can only achieve a burn and untimely fall of foliage. In this case, no effect will be achieved. As a result, the gardener will end up with a weakened, nutrient-starved garden that can hardly survive the winter. A solution of this concentration is much more prudent to use in late autumn - in November.
In mid-autumn, in October, the bases of the branches and stems must be whitened lime mortar, after cleaning them from the dead bark. As for young plantations, they are covered with a solution of chalk. Apple and pear trees are protected from the invasion of rodents by tying boles and bases of skeletal branches. You can tie fruit trees with matting or burlap with the help of young cherry or walnut branches. Some use stockings.
Tree spray preparations.
inkstone used for spraying plants and the soil under them before the start of the growing season or in the fall after the leaves fall, in order to combat diseases of pome and stone fruits fruit crops and berries (diseases of the trunk and branches, moniliosis, scab and other spotting), grapes (anthracnose, bacterial cancer, spotted necrosis, mildew).
Urea is an effective measure for the destruction of leafworm caterpillars, aphids, suckers and apple beetles. The effect of nitrogen spraying lasts about 2 weeks, so after a while, it is recommended to repeat the spraying procedure.
Autumn treatment with a nitrogen solution should also take place with the participation of some kind of fungicide and include spraying not only the trees themselves, but also the soil under them. Fallen leaves should be subject to mandatory processing if they are not planned to be removed.
Carbamide you can spray your garden, both in spring and autumn. Only in autumn it is important not to rush. If we start doing this before the trees have lost all their foliage, we risk slowing down their growth, making them more likely to freeze in winter. The concentration - 700 grams of the substance per 10 liters of water - is optimal for both spring and autumn spraying. Spraying with carbamide will protect the trees from aphids.
spraying trees diesel fuel helps to achieve the complete destruction of the larvae due to the fact that the solution sprayed on the surface of the bark forms a uniform oily film on the surface of the branches and the pillar, which does not allow the larvae to breathe, as a result of which they experience suffocation as soon as possible after treatment.
Since this oil product is not a fungicide, it can be sprayed not only in early spring and late autumn, but throughout the entire flowering period of the fruit tree. Usually, it is bred according to one of the following recipes:
To 10 parts of water, add 1 part of ferrous sulfate, then 10 parts of 10% milk of lime, and only then 20 parts of diesel fuel. The resulting mixture will have a 50% concentration and is recommended for use before bud formation and after leaf fall.
5 parts of clay and 5 parts of water are mixed with 20 parts of fuel. The resulting solution has the same concentration as the previous one, but does not contain a fungicide and can be used during the fruiting period.
Another option for obtaining a 50% spray solution is to mix 9 parts of water with 1 part of laundry soap and 10 parts of diesel fuel.
Autumn processing of the garden from pests and diseases consists of several stages: digging the soil, cleaning branches and foliage, and spraying the garden. I do not advise you to neglect these procedures if next year's harvest is dear to you. If you have never done this before, this article will help you understand how and when to properly cultivate a garden.
When and why is processing carried out?
Start autumn processing when trees and shrubs shed their leaves. This time falls on the end of September - the beginning of October. For work, choose a dry, not rainy day, before the first frost. The main goals of autumn processing are to rid trees and shrubs of pests and their larvae, pathogens, rodents, and also to protect plants from frost. Weeds, fallen leaves, cut branches, rake in a pile, collect and burn outside the site. In some sources, I met advice to dig crumbled leaves of trees and shrubs into the ground to provide additional nutrition. I do not advise doing so. Often, insects lay their larvae precisely on the underside of the leaf, digging them into the ground will make their task easier. I would not leave leaves and straw with a layer of mulch either, so as not to attract rodents for wintering. Carefully dig around the trunk circles of the soil by 15-20 cm to get rid of pests and their larvae wintering in the ground. Perform this procedure carefully, use a rake so as not to injure the roots of plants. Let's take a closer look at the other two stages.
Whitewashing plant stems
Whitewashing the trunks of trees and shrubs will protect the tree from insects and pathogens. Already existing laid eggs are burned out with the help of whitewash. In addition, treated trunks tolerate frost more easily. Before you begin, lay the fabric around the trees. Use a scraper to remove old bark and moss from the tree. Disinfect the surface, treat wounds and cracks on the trunk with garden pitch. Apply whitewash with a wide brush in several layers to a height of one and a half meters. Acrylic or water-based paints. Special formulations are commercially available. But it is easy to make a solution yourself. To do this, you need slaked lime, blue vitriol, glue or clay for binding and water. By adding carbolic acid to the solution, you will protect the garden from hares and rodents.
Spraying the garden
Autumn spraying of shrubs and trees is carried out using three main liquids: urea, copper and iron sulfate. Do not forget about safety precautions: work in the garden in a protective suit, gloves, with a respirator mask. Get a convenient one, based on the size of the cultivated area. A 5% urea solution will save plantings from scab. Processing from fungal disease subject to the trunk and branches of the plant, as well as the earth around it. But do not forget that urea contains nitrogen. This element starts vegetative processes in trees. In order not to expose the plant to frostbite, spray plantings with urea as close as possible to the cold. Treatment with a solution of ferrous sulfate (5-7%) will rid the garden of moss and lichen, in which insects love to lay their eggs. In addition, the solution nourishes the bark with iron, which helps in oxidative processes and prepares the plant for wintering. Stone and pome crops, grapes, currants and gooseberries from most fungal diseases will save a solution of copper sulphate.
For greater efficiency lime is added to it and Bordeaux mixture is obtained. Spraying trees with Bordeaux liquid is appropriate in the fall. This solution leaves burns on the leaves, so its use in the spring is dangerous. And in the fall, boldly increase the concentration of the solution to 3%. Processing with this solution is the final stage in the autumn processing of the garden from diseases and pests.
Gardening will require patience and time from you. But this is a necessary set of procedures, without which you will not have to wait for a healthy harvest.
