Biorefinery stations. Choose a septic tank or biological treatment station

Autonomous sewerage system "Unilos" is another solution for the protection aquifers and soils with domestic wastewater.

This is a newly developed deep biological treatment station Wastewater up to 98%.

On this moment The industry produces many similar cleaning structures suitable for installation on suburban areas and dachas.

The Unilos Astra septic tank operates automatically and does not require human intervention.

A septic tank works like this:

1. First, wastewater enters the receiving chamber, where, under the pressure of air coming from below, it is mixed and clarified.
2. Water that has undergone preliminary clarification, under the action of an airlift, enters an aeration tank, in which, under the influence of oxygen constantly supplied there, it is purified by activated sludge.
3. The Unilos Astra septic tank uses an intermittent aeration method, which helps to effectively remove nitrates from wastewater.
4. The secondary settling tank serves to sediment suspended activated sludge.
5. With the help of an airlift, the sludge that precipitates falls into a sludge settling tank, where pure water is brought out.

The advantages of the Unilos treatment system are as follows:

1. Low cost and convenient septic tank integration.
2. Wastewater treatment is fully automated.
3. Low power consumption.
4. High tightness ensures the absence of unpleasant odors.
5. Long service life.
6. Aesthetics.

For country houses most often used treatment facilities Unilos "Scarab", "Cyclone" and "Astra".

They are equipped with tanks that allow the treatment of 0.6-30 m 3 of wastewater, and work perfectly when processing wastewater into residential buildings with a number of residents from 3 to 150 people.

How to choose a model

Let's consider the septic tanks Unilos Astra 3 and Unilos Astra 5.

The number at the end of the model designation indicates the number of people for which the treatment system is designed.

The price of a Unilos septic tank increases with the number of residents of the house.

If we compare the most popular models, we get the following:

1. Septic tank Unilos Astra 3 is considered the most compact treatment station with not very high power, suitable for working in small or medium area country house, in which three people live.
2. Septic tank Unilos Astra 5 represents the optimal combination of price and power. Works most effectively in a house with five residents.

1. Conduct visual inspection of wastewater once a week.
2. Remove sludge from tanks and settling tanks once every 3 months
3. Once every 3 months, clean the mamut pump, filters, blower and hair catcher.

Correct and high-quality maintenance can only be carried out by trained personnel.

But you can independently carry out the required procedures for maintaining the station if all requirements are strictly observed.

Station maintenance - how to remove sludge

The Unilos Astra local treatment plant does not require special skills for its maintenance - it is simply necessary to remove excess activated sludge from time to time.

To find out whether it is time to remove sludge from the septic tank or not, you need to know during what time period sludge forms in the tank.

After the first start-up, sludge accumulates within 30-40 days.

Newly formed silt is brown in color. After 10-15 days, the purified water becomes better and cleaner.

The longer the Unilos septic tank operates, the thicker and darker the sludge becomes, and the output water becomes clean and not without foreign odors.

How is sludge pumped out?

There are certain rules according to which water is pumped only from the stabilizer. Water is pumped out of the Unilos septic tank using a mamut pump, and pumping proceeds as follows:

1. The switches on the control unit must be installed in the following order: “COMPR.” — "0", "MANUAL" — “1”, “REV.” - "0".
2. Then you need to wait 25-40 minutes and remove the plug on the sludge stabilizer and on the mamut pump hose.
3. Then the “COMPR.” switch is set to position “1”.
4. After this, pumping of sludge into the prepared container begins.
5. It is necessary to leave half the volume of liquid inside the septic tank.
6. At the end of pumping, the “COMPR.” switch and the “MANUAL” switch you need to set the position to “0”.
7. The plug on the mamut pump hose must be replaced.
8. Fill the septic tank compartment with water up to the green marks on the walls.

Such procedures must be performed once every 3 months.

There is another method of pumping sludge to Unilos:

1. On the control unit, the “Valve” and “Compressor” switches must be set to position “0”.
2. With help drain pump completely pump out the sludge from the container. To do this, the pump must be placed in a sludge stabilizer tank.
3. After pumping out, fill the container completely clean water evenly to the green marks on the walls.
4. Upon completion of all operations, set the “Valve” and “Compressor” switches to position “1”.

These procedures for the Unilos septic tank can be carried out once every 6 months.

Price

Price model range Unilos septic tanks are directly proportional to their performance and terms of sale. Inexpensive Unilos models have a capacity designed for 3-5 residents.

With the help of the most expensive treatment plants, it is possible to equip a common sewerage system for several residential buildings with a total number of residents of up to 150 people.

If you order a septic tank with turnkey installation, the cost of delivery and installation is reduced accordingly.

The approximate cost of the most popular septic tanks as of 20134 is shown in the table below.

A bioseptic is a local treatment facility (LTP) based on microorganisms. In this article, by bioseptic tank we mean a deep biological treatment wastewater and septic tanks equipped with a biofilter.

Wastewater in bioseptic tank are purified as a result of the activity of specialized bacteria. This is the fundamental difference between a biological treatment station and a conventional septic tank.

The bioseptic tank produces purified water (depending on the type of product and the requirements for water) from 65% (for septic tanks with a filter) to 95-98% (for bio-treatment stations).

Principle of operation

Technically, a bioseptic tank is a sealed container reinforced with stiffening ribs, divided into several sections. The number of sections corresponds to the number of cleaning stages.

Communication between sections is provided by an overflow system.

Wastewater from the house, entering the biological treatment plant through a pipe, undergoes sequential purification various methods. The resulting water can be use for irrigation or drain into a roadside ditch, soil or body of water.

The first section of any septic tank - the primary settling tank - provides rough wastewater treatment mechanically. Suspensions in the form of large and small particles (solid household waste that enters the drain through a sink or toilet) settle to the bottom under the influence of their own weight. The sediment that has accumulated over time must be removed.

Substances whose weight allows them to remain afloat form a dense film over time on the surface of the water. Based on these features, the hole through which wastewater flows from the first section to the second is located above the level of sediment, but below the film floating on the surface.

Depending on the design of the bioseptic tank, partially treated wastewater flows either into a secondary settling tank - a digester or anaerobic chamber, or directly into a biological treatment chamber.

Chemical and organic compounds (food residues, household chemicals, personal hygiene products) under the influence of facultative microorganisms (there is no need to add them specifically, they are already present in the wastewater) disintegrate during the fermentation process - acidic, and then methane. As a result difficult-to-oxidize compounds are converted into easily oxidizable compounds. The oxygen deficiency must be maintained in the digester, otherwise fermentation will not occur.

The wastewater clarified in this way is poured into the third chamber, where it is purified through the activity of microorganisms.

Biological treatment of local sewerage can be implemented in 2 different ways:

• Biofilter;
• Aerotank or deep cleaning septic tank.

The design of a septic tank with a biofilter assumes the presence limited field for bacterial activity, a kind of their place of residence. Most often this is a compact container with an inert (not entering into chemical reaction) backfill on which bacteria live, forming a dense film.

The filler for the filter is any light porous material– expanded clay, shungizite, coke, nylon threads, various brushes, foam plastic, shell rock, etc. There is only one condition - the material must be resistant to rotting.

The biofilter also acts as a mechanical barrier, trapping remaining large waste particles.

In the course of their life, microorganisms, feeding on waste waste, process it into sludge, which, after pumping, can be used as organic fertilizer.

Under the container with the filler there is a reservoir into which treated wastewater flows. After treatment, they can drain directly into the soil. There is no need for soil post-treatment, since the biofilter mechanism is identical to wastewater treatment in soil, but in bioseptics the process is faster.

Aerotank

The operating principle of an aeration tank is based on the activity of exclusively aerobic bacteria, in contrast to a septic tank with a biofilter, which operates in an anaerobic environment (without oxygen).

Water is pumped into the aeration tank using airlifts - special lifts powered by compressed air.

There is no specialized place for bacterial activity in the aeration tank. Wastewater mixes freely with activated sludge - a special mixture of bacteria and protozoan microorganisms.

Intensive mixing of wastewater and sludge is carried out due to the operation of special devices - aerators, which also saturate water with oxygen, doing possible process oxidation. After treating the wastewater with sludge, the mixture is fed to the next section, where it settles. The sludge that falls to the bottom is returned to the aeration tank, and the treated wastewater is returned to the outlet.

Comparative characteristics of 2 types of bioseptic

A septic tank with a biofilter has several advantages over an aeration tank: complete autonomy in terms of electricity and ease of use: when using anaerobes in a biofilter, you can simply pour them into the toilet, and the bacteria will enter the filter on their own.

In turn, the aeration tank does not need insulation (with constant stirring the probability of drains freezing in winter tends to zero, bacteria also emit during waste processing a large number of heat) and provides an even faster process of water purification due to its saturation with oxygen, which allows oxidation to occur at an accelerated pace.

The degree of wastewater purification in an aeration tank is higher than in a septic tank with a biofilter.

Maintenance of bioseptic tanks has its own specific features depending on the type. So, in addition to regularly (about once a year) calling the sewer service to pump out solid sediment from the primary settling tank, a septic tank with a biofilter also needs periodic cleaning, since over time the film of bacteria grows, which leads to silting of the backfill.

The aeration tank requires procedures to remove dead sludge. You can do this yourself using the pump built into the system. Elements such as air lifts and aerators also need to be cleaned when they become dirty, but at least once a year.

Advantages of bioseptics:

• Environmental friendliness;
• Easy installation and operation;
• Autonomy;
• Durability (resistance to corrosion due to the absence of metal elements);
• Reliability;
• Great productivity;
• Versatility for any soil;
• Compactness;
• Maintenance is rarely required;

Flaws:

• High cost + maintenance costs;
• Inability to drain aggressive (chlorine-containing) compounds into the sewer system;
• The need for constant use of sewerage; when left idle for a long time, bacterial colonies die.

Comparison of the most popular bioseptic tank models

There are several models that are most popular on the bioseptic market. Their comparison is shown in the table.

Productivity is indicated per day for the entire product line. The combined cleaning method means that the bioseptic tank contains both a biofilter and an aeration tank.

The Eurobion local treatment plant is the only one presented that has a sludge self-oxidation system, which makes it possible to operate at intervals of up to 3 months.

Each of us cannot imagine our life without simple but necessary amenities in own home: water, electricity, gas. This applies not only to city residents - owners of private houses, cottages and summer cottages also choose comfort and are increasingly installing autonomous sewerage, heating, and water supply systems. These solutions require competent design and a qualified approach.
Thus, the problem of storage, treatment and disposal of wastewater is of particular importance when installing an individual sewer system. Often it is solved, as they say, the old fashioned way - they equip a cesspool and periodically empty it using a sewer truck. However, this is not always convenient: the pit requires constant monitoring, high-quality insulation for the winter period, and over time it collapses, needs repairs, or becomes completely unusable. In addition, cesspools and septic tanks can cause significant damage to the environment and are not the optimal solution in terms of hygiene, especially if they are located next to a well from which water enters the house. Today there is a more effective method of solving the problem of wastewater treatment and disposal than a cesspool and septic tanks. This is an autonomous deep biological treatment station (DBS), otherwise called an aeration tank.
The main difference between a deep biological treatment station and a septic tank is its efficiency. Water that has undergone filtration does not require additional purification in filtration fields or in filtration wells; it can be safely discharged into a nearby ravine, reservoir or into the ground. If the aeration tank has a disinfection system, the purified water can even be reused, for example, for watering the garden and other agricultural needs. In addition, when correct work The wastewater from the installation does not emit an unpleasant odor.
The operating principle of modern stations combines mechanical and biological methods of wastewater treatment. In the first compartment, as a rule, sand and other insoluble contaminants are filtered out, and at the next stage the water undergoes biological treatment. It is worth noting that water flows between the compartments not through a pump, but with the help of air bubbles, which are usually pumped by a compressor. All this creates a favorable environment for aerobic bacteria, which absorb human waste products from wastewater, purifying them by 97-99%. As a result, dark brown sludge remains at the bottom of the container, has no odor and does not pose a danger to the environment.

Modern manufacturers offer a huge selection of deep biological treatment stations, and a choice desired installation must take into account several factors:
The number of people living in the house.
“Seasonality” of use of the sewerage system.
Maximum volley discharge of wastewater into the sewer system. This indicator indicates how much water the sewerage system receives from sinks, toilet bowls, bathtubs and other spillway points at the same time.
IN general case you can be guided by simple statistics, according to which each person on average consumes about 200 liters of water daily. It turns out that with regular use of water supply for a family of 5 people, you need to choose a biological treatment plant with a volume of 1000 liters.
As for the number of cameras that make up the installation, the best solution for a private house, summer cottage or small cottage will be an aerotank of 3 departments. For a mansion and a large house, you can choose a four-chamber system.

So, the installation has been selected, let's begin installation. First you need to decide on the place where the aeration tank will be installed and dig a pit. According to general requirements, the station should be located no closer than 8 meters to the sewage facility and the well from which clean water flows into the house. We fill the bottom of the pit with a sand-cement mixture about 0.2 meters high, and then dig a pit for the pipeline based on a pipe with a diameter of at least 110 mm. The station must be installed on the sand-cement pad as carefully as possible, in a strictly horizontal position. Then manually tamp down all the sinuses and seals and pour water to fill them better.
The correct location of the biological treatment system is the key to its long and uninterrupted operation. Special attention you need to pay attention to installing it. For example, many modern stations do not require anchoring, since they have special devices- so-called bottom lugs. In other cases, the aeration tank is installed on concrete base, “anchored” with concrete slabs, anchor straps or other means. These measures will make the aeration tank resistant to displacement, which may be caused by freezing of groundwater or its mobility.
The next stage of work is the internal filling of the installation compartments - if necessary, expanded clay, crushed limestone and other materials are filled in, and garlands are mounted on metal or plastic pins. When these steps are completed, the station is filled with water up to the level of the weirs.
In regions with long winters and severe frosts, it is worth taking care of insulating the station. This can be done in two ways: firstly, the installation itself must be located below the freezing level of the soil, and secondly, the pit must be made slightly wider than the aeration tank. This will allow you to accept additional measures for insulation of a biological treatment plant. Most often, an electric heating cable is used for this.
The last stage in the installation of the entire system is the installation of pipes and additional equipment (compressor, disinfection units).

After installation, the cleaning installation is started sewer water. The first thing to consider is the correct aeration setting. It is important to understand that in aeration tanks the main work is performed by aerobic bacteria, which intensively consume oxygen. That is why the gas pumping system requires the installation of a compressor that continuously pumps oxygen into the system. This determines the high degree of wastewater purification and the speed of this process. Here lies one of the disadvantages of using aeration tanks - if the compressor fails, all active aerobic bacteria will die, and restoration of the microflora will take at least a month. We add that other disadvantages of a biological treatment station are its higher cost compared to a conventional septic tank and energy costs. However, all the disadvantages of using these installations are compensated by their advantages described above.
Second important aspect When starting a wastewater treatment system, microflora is inoculated. The fact is that aerobes, cleansing sewage, live in human waste and appear only after the first use of a biological treatment station. However, at the beginning of the aeration tank’s operation, their number will be minimal, and it will be impossible to achieve water purification to the 99% declared by the manufacturer. This result can only be achieved after 4-8 weeks of regular use of the system. Today there is an excellent opportunity to speed up this process by 2-3 times. For these purposes, preserved bacteria developed by biotechnologists are used. Sowing microflora will allow you to restore to the required level population of aerobic bacteria.

With proper and careful operation, an autonomous sewage treatment station will serve for many years, but there are a number of rules that will help extend its trouble-free operation.
Firstly, a good owner must take into account volley discharges not only when installing the system, but also during its operation. The highest water consumption shows corner bath and a Jacuzzi bath. Their figure, according to the standards, is about 450 liters. For comparison: a regular bathtub has a corresponding figure of 220 l, a shower stall - 100 l, a sink - 20 l, and a toilet - 10 l. Accordingly, if a corner bathtub, a toilet bowl and a kitchen faucet simultaneously drain water in a house, then the volley discharge into the treatment system will be about 480 liters in volume, and this indicator must be taken into account when choosing and operating a wastewater treatment plant.
Secondly, the second important aspect in the operation of the station is its recovery after long downtime. This is especially true in summer cottages, where the water supply system is used seasonally, and not all year round. Strictly speaking, in houses with seasonal residence, the installation of an aerotank in itself is not advisable, since in the absence of organic waste, aerobes are deprived of food and simply die. Restoration of microflora, as already mentioned above, is a rather troublesome and costly business. In this case, it is better to opt for a conventional septic tank, so the investment and effort will be justified. If, nevertheless, for some reason, the deep biological treatment plant was inactive, be patient and restore its operation. For this, canned bacteria are usually used, which will quickly bring the amount of aerobes to the required level and, accordingly, speed up the process of restoring the entire system, and you will again be able to use the wastewater treatment plant as usual.
The third aspect that needs to be paid attention to when maintaining the system is the pumping of activated sludge. Activated sludge is the biomass suspended in water, which carries out the purification process. Excess organic matter entering the aeration tank with wastewater and a large amount of oxygen contribute to the growth of bacteria that form flocculent substances Brown and size 4-5 mm. Over time, activated sludge mineralizes and forms in the form of a high-density bottom sediment, which does not have the best effect on water purification: aerobic bacteria remain in the dense bottom sediment, acting only on the surface. To do this, it is recommended to pump out activated sludge from the aeration tank several times a year.

Let's sum it up

An autonomous deep biological treatment station is the optimal solution for anyone who wants to establish uninterrupted operation of water supply and sewerage systems in a private home, country cottage or summer cottage. Right choice, high-quality installation, careful operation and constant monitoring of the aeration tank’s operation will solve the problem of wastewater treatment and disposal and will be a good investment.

Alexei 10.10.2014 Septic tanks

What should it be sewer system so that regular pumping of wastewater from storage tanks is not required? Cesspool - needs to be cleaned at least once a year.

The septic tank is also not ideal and its operation will require periodic pumping out of solid sediments. Is it really impossible to create an autonomous treatment system that does not require calling a specialized machine?

It turns out that it is possible. Equipment that uses a biological decomposition method in its work can easily cope with this task. Of course, it is expensive, but in the end it will save you a lot of hassle.

For those who have not yet decided that a septic tank or SBO is better, this article is intended. In it we will analyze the main differences between these devices and decide which of them is more profitable to install on your site.

How important is sewage treatment in the house

Disposal of domestic wastewater is the number one task for the private sector. And the fact that one cannot do without special equipment is clear to everyone. After all, today in the process of washing, cleaning, washing dishes, various chemicals. Getting them into groundwater or the soil is detrimental to environment.

Therefore, in the area where there is no central sewerage have to arrange autonomous systems. Otherwise comfortable conditions existence in a private house is impossible to achieve.

Septic tanks - features of functioning

The modern market offers various equipment for creating autonomous sewerage. It is represented by a variety of models of septic tanks and treatment plants. Which one should you choose? The answer to this question depends on many reasons.

Let's say you decide to stay on a septic tank. First, you need to clearly understand that it is most often a plastic container divided into several sectors, each of which has its own purpose. So, the first one is used to collect and settle wastewater. In this case, the more solid components settle to the bottom, and the liquid flows into the chamber for further purification.

Here, further decomposition of the wastewater occurs and again the more liquid part flows into the third compartment, and large fractions settle to the bottom. In the last tank, water is cleaned and discharged to the filtration fields. This is the principle of operation of the simplest septic tank.

types of septic tanks

There are many various types such structures. They are divided according to the following criteria:

• Material (plastic, fiberglass, metal, concrete)
• Installation method (recessed, surface)
• Processing method (with biological or mechanical treatment)

As you can see, the choice is quite wide, which allows everyone to choose a sample in accordance with certain requirements. But all types of septic tanks, even deep biological treatment, have one drawback. No matter how modern they are, you still have to pump out the solid mass of them. Although not as often as from cesspool, but necessary.

SBO - what is such equipment

Device and circuit

The main difference between a septic tank and a SBO is the fact that the first one is able to clean the drains by only 60%. At the same time, it uses the method of natural gravity (when solid fractions accumulate in a sump). This leads to the need for periodic pumping of wastewater using special machines, and, therefore, additional costs.

In addition, water after a septic tank cannot be used even for technical purposes; they must be sent to filtration fields or to a special well. The station operates on the principles biological method decomposition of sewage. Moreover, both anaerobic and aerobic bacteria are involved in the process.

The degree of purification with this approach reaches 98%. And besides, the sludge accumulated after cleaning is an excellent organic fertilizer. If, during the operation of the station, additional disinfection of wastewater with ultraviolet light is used, then they can even pour out into open water bodies.

As for pumping out sludge, a machine is not needed for this. A regular drain pump is sufficient. Another advantage of the biological treatment plant is the impossibility of its floating up during the spring flood, as the station is constantly filled with water. It should be noted that there is a complete absence of unpleasant odors.

The bad: high cost. But the lack of costs for arranging filtration fields and calling a sewage truck practically equalizes the prices for a septic tank and a station.

Cost – is it profitable to purchase such equipment?

Prices for biological treatment stations depend primarily on permissible load. For a model recommended for installation in a house where 6 people live, it is about 1700 euros and is the minimum. The maximum cost of such equipment, designed for a large number of people, can reach 24 thousand euros.

Therefore, a septic tank with biological treatment should be chosen taking into account the expected load. If in your cottage settlement it was decided to install one cleaning station for all, then perhaps this will be a cheaper option. However, you need to decide on your own, taking into account your own criteria and capabilities.

Features of choosing SBO

A biological treatment plant must meet certain requirements. First of all, pay attention to the dimensions of the installation. Its volume must be greater than the level received over a period of at least three days. With a smaller station size, its operation becomes ineffective.

In addition, the equipment must be durable, which is why most models are made of fiberglass. But not only specifications important when choosing, no less attention should be paid to the installation price and the cost of installation work.

Watch the video, selection criteria:

If the station is purchased for country house If you plan to live only in the summer, then it is better to choose a hybrid model. With a regular supply of wastewater, it works as usual, but when the volume decreases, it switches to septic tank mode.

What to install and how to choose

Having understood the differences between these two devices, it is easier to choose one of them. Since the difference between them is significant and especially in cost, then for small country houses purchasing such equipment is impractical. For the summer period, even the simplest septic tank is sufficient.

But in a private country cottage where a large number of people live, it is better to use biological treatment stations. Of course, they have a higher cost, but they are effective and reliable in operation. The service life of such equipment is at least 50 years, so all costs will be recouped.

When operating the SBO, you do not need the services of a sewer truck, and you can pump out the sludge yourself. This system works in all weather conditions and is capable of disinfecting wastewater of various compositions. Its installation is permissible both on sand and clay, because the structure is absolutely sealed.