Sheet insulation made of porous material. Types of heaters and their properties: heat-insulating materials and their main characteristics. Market of heat-insulating materials

External thermal insulation gives a much better effect than warming the house from the inside. In addition to the main functions, the insulation protects the walls from precipitation, mechanical damage, weathering and thus prolongs the life of the entire building. Installation of insulation does not require special knowledge or skills, and most homeowners can easily cope with this task on their own. But in order to do everything as efficiently as possible, you need to know what materials there are for insulating walls from the outside, and how to fix them correctly.

Despite the fact that the operating conditions outside and inside the house are strikingly different, in both cases the same materials can be used. However, when choosing a heater, preference should be given to those options that best meet the following requirements:

• increased resistance to shrinkage;
• resistance to mechanical damage;
• resistance to ultraviolet;
• durability;
• ease of installation;
• resistance to insects and microorganisms.

For wooden houses the vapor transmission capacity of the insulation also matters, because wooden walls must “breathe”. As a rule, finishing coatings for facades are designed for long-term operation, and it is too troublesome and not always advisable to remove them every few years to replace the thermal insulation that has become unusable. At the same time, if the insulation under the finish is compressed, cracked, starts to rot or mice gnaw it, it will no longer be able to retain heat, which means that it will not be possible to do without repair. That is why it is so important that the selected material fully meets the specified criteria.

Types of thermal insulation materials

On this moment The construction market offers the following materials for insulating houses:

All of them differ in technical characteristics, installation technology, have different service life. Moreover, each of them is suitable for outdoor use and has its own advantages. Let's consider these materials in more detail.

Mineral wool made from fine fibers obtained by melting and spraying glass, blast-furnace slag or rocks. Depending on the location of the fibers, the structure of the insulation can be corrugated, vertically layered and horizontally layered, have different density and thickness. Each type of mineral wool has its own characteristics:

Mineral wool is produced in slabs and mats with various coating options - kraft paper, aluminium foil, fiberglass. In terms of cost, basalt insulation is the most expensive, and the higher its density, the more expensive it is.

Benefits of mineral wool:

• the fine-fiber structure promotes the free passage of air and water vapor, so the risk of condensation on the insulated surface is minimal;
• due to the mineral base, the material is not subject to combustion, which means it is additional protection walls from fire;
• the insulation has a relatively high moisture resistance, and therefore effectively prevents the penetration of dampness into the house;
• mineral wool perfectly absorbs sounds and vibrations, and street noise almost does not penetrate into the insulated room;
• the insulation is lightweight, easy to process, thanks to its elasticity, it quickly restores its shape after crushing during installation;
• in mineral wool microorganisms, insects do not develop, rodents do not like it.

Flaws:

• mineral wool has a tendency to shrink, and the lower the density of the material, the faster the deformation occurs. Rigid basalt slabs are the least susceptible to shrinkage, but due to the high cost, not everyone can afford such thermal insulation;
• when wet for a long time, the insulation is saturated with moisture and loses its thermal insulation qualities;
• microscopic fibers are easily destroyed when squeezing and cutting the material, and then settle on the skin, causing irritation, and can enter the eyes and lungs. Glass wool is considered the most dangerous in this regard, but with other types of mineral wool, at least gloves and a respirator should be used.

Popular brands of mineral wool.

Name	Brief characteristics
	Basalt insulation with increased rigidity, produced in the form of plates with a thickness of 25 to 180 mm. Suitable for all types of facades, can serve as a basis for applying plaster. Differs in resistance to deformations and shrinkage, water tightness, low heat conductivity, is absolutely not combustible. Fastening is carried out with dowels and glue
	A type of glass wool with various additives that improve the performance of the insulation. It is produced in plates and rolls, there are options with a foil coating. Widely used for insulation of facades of any type, frame structures, internal partitions, roofing systems
	Fiberglass insulation that does not contain formaldehyde additives. It is produced in plates and rolls, it is distinguished by biological and chemical resistance, elasticity, good vapor permeability. Material thickness - from 5 to 10 cm
	Glass wool insulation high content water repellents. It is produced in the form of rolls, mats, rigid and semi-rigid plates, 50-100 mm thick. Suitable for all types of surfaces, ventilated facades, frame structures

Prices for mineral wool

Styrofoam and XPS

Expanded polystyrene insulations are excellent thermal insulators due to their closed cell structure. Almost 98% of the material is air or an inert gas enclosed in sealed cells, so the insulation weighs very little. Both polystyrene and extruded polystyrene foam practically do not absorb moisture, which means they are great for insulating foundations, plinths, basements. When thermally insulating facades, these materials serve as the basis for applying plaster.

Advantages:

• polystyrene foam insulation weighs little and is easy to process during installation, so even a beginner can handle it. In addition, such thermal insulation does not exert a large load on the base, which means that there is no need for additional reinforcement of the supporting structures;
• microorganisms cannot develop in expanded polystyrene, therefore fungi and mold are not afraid of the insulation;
• with proper installation, these materials serve for a long time, especially XPS - up to 50 years;
• polystyrene and EPPS are resistant to soap and saline solutions, alkalis, bleach and other chemically aggressive substances;
• installation does not require the use of protective equipment in the form of a respirator or gloves, since the insulation does not emit toxic fumes or small particles, and does not cause irritation.

Flaws:

• expanded polystyrene refers to vapor-tight materials, and therefore cannot be used for insulating wooden walls;
• the insulation is destroyed upon contact with solvents, drying oil, some types of varnishes, as well as under the influence of sunlight;
• soundproofing properties are much lower than those of mineral wool insulation;
• already at + 30 degrees, polystyrene foam begins to emit harmful substances - toluene, styrene, formaldehyde and others. When burning, the amount of toxic emissions increases significantly.

In the domestic market, EPPS of domestic production - Penoplex and Tepleks, as well as polystyrene foam insulation of the Ursa, GREENPLEX, PRIMAPLEX brands are in great demand.

Styrofoam prices

Styrofoam

Cellulose insulation

Cellulose insulation, which is also called ecowool, is made from paper waste and waste paper. Ecowool consists of 80% cellulose fibers, the remaining 20% ​​are antiseptics and fire retardants. The material is densely stuffed into all irregularities and voids and forms a dense seamless coating with high vapor permeability. Installation of insulation is carried out in two ways - dry and wet-glue, and both options can be performed both manually and using a special installation.

The dry method allows you to perform thermal insulation in a short time and immediately proceed to finishing. But at the same time, the coating density will not be high enough, which will lead to shrinkage and the appearance of cold bridges. In addition, with dry blowing, a large amount of fine dust is formed and you have to work in a respirator.

The wet-glue method provides better adhesion of the insulation to the base, the layer is much denser and more resistant to shrinkage, which guarantees the durability of the thermal insulation. True, it takes time for the material to dry - from 2 to 3 days, and even more in cold or wet weather. And until the layer is completely dry, you can not start finishing.

Advantages:

• environmental Safety;
• excellent heat and sound insulation properties;
• resistance to bacteria, fungi, insects;
• fire resistance;
• long service life;
• affordable price.

• tendency to shrink;
• high hygroscopicity;
• the complexity of doing the work manually.

polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam, or PPU, belongs to a new generation of insulation and has improved characteristics compared to traditional materials. It is a liquid polymer mixture, which, after application to the surface, hardens and forms a durable coating with a cellular structure. The components are mixed immediately before starting work, and the finished solution is applied by spraying using a special installation.

Advantages:

• the liquid mixture easily fills all the bumps, cracks, recesses, is conveniently applied in hard-to-reach places;
• the material perfectly retains heat and muffles sounds;
• PPU is resistant to chemically aggressive substances, practically does not absorb water, withstands sudden changes in temperature;
• can be applied to any type of surface - wood, concrete, brick, metal;
• the insulation is very light, therefore it does not require strengthening of the supporting bases;
• the average service life is 25-30 years.

• polyurethane foam is destroyed under the influence of sunlight;
• spraying requires equipment and skills to work with it;
• PPU can not be used in areas that are very hot;
• high cost of material and services of specialists.

wall insulation technology

Thermal insulation of the facade can be performed in different ways, depending on the type of insulation. But for all options, a prerequisite is high-quality preparation of the base, because not a single insulation can stop the processes of destruction of wall materials. Let's consider ways of warming with mineral wool and polystyrene boards, as the most popular in frequent construction.

Warming with mineral wool

Exterior walls are cleaned of dirt, peeling plaster or paint. They repair cracks and problem areas, be sure to treat the places affected by the fungus. Small irregularities do not need to be eliminated - the mineral wool insulation is mounted using a frame, so all defects will hide inside. Finally, the walls are covered with a waterproof primer with antiseptic properties so that mold does not develop under the thermal insulation layer.

Step 1. The bars for the frame are cut to desired length, treated on all sides with antiseptic impregnation and air-dried.

Advice. The cross section of the bars should be selected taking into account the thickness of the heat-insulating layer. That is, if plates with a thickness of 50 mm are laid in one row, the thickness of the frame should be 5-6 cm, with two-layer laying - at least 11 cm. on the rib.

Step 2 On the walls, markings are made for the frame guides strictly according to the level, holes are drilled for fasteners and bars are installed. The distance between the posts should be 10-15 mm less than the width of the insulation board. During installation, control the location of the elements building level, if necessary, use wooden linings under the beam so that all the racks are in the same plane.

Step 3. Insulation is inserted into the cells of the frame. To do this, the plates are slightly squeezed along the edges, pressed between the racks and released. The material spreads out on its own and densely fills the space. The insulation must be inserted so that there are no gaps between the plates.

Step 4 After filling all the cells from above, the insulation must be closed with a windproof moisture-proof membrane. The membrane is laid with the marked side outward, the sheets are arranged horizontally, starting from the bottom. The membrane is used to fix construction stapler. The top sheet is overlapped by 8-10 cm, and it is recommended to glue the joints with adhesive tape.

Step 5. Filled over the membrane wooden slats counter-lattices 30-40 mm thick to provide an air gap. If this is not done, condensation will accumulate on the insulation, moisture will nourish the wooden frame and the structure will quickly become unusable.

After that, it remains only to mount top coat, for example, siding or corrugated board. The finish must completely cover the heat-insulating layer so that precipitation does not fall on the plates. Only under such conditions the material will last long and effectively.

The last step - decorative facade decoration

Insulation with expanded polystyrene

This method of insulation is noticeably different from the previous one. First, the base must be leveled so that the material fits snugly against the surface. Secondly, the installation is carried out without a crate, the plates are attached to the glue and dowels-fungi.

Step 1. Prepared walls are primed with quartz sand, for example, Betokontakt. If the base is porous, the primer is applied in 2 layers.

Step 2 The lower boundary of the thermal insulation is determined and a horizontal line is drawn along the perimeter of the house. Holes for dowels are drilled according to the marking in increments of 20-30 cm and the starting bar is fixed.

Starter bar fixed

Step 3 To fix the insulation, you need a special glue. You can use canned mounting adhesive, such as TYTAN STYRO 753, or a dry adhesive mix (Ceresit CT 83). The mixture is diluted in clean water according to the manufacturer's instructions, mix until smooth with a mixer at low speed.

They take the first sheet, apply glue on the back side with a continuous strip along the perimeter and in the center. Next, they apply a heater to the wall, resting the bottom edge on the starting profile, check the location with a level, firmly press it to the base.

Step 4 Fix the entire row, tightly joining the sheets together. The next row starts with half a sheet to offset the vertical seams. Excess glue that has come out at the joints is carefully removed with a spatula.

Step 5 When the glue has hardened, each sheet must be fixed with dish-shaped dowels. To do this, carefully drill holes in the wall through the insulation, insert dowels and carefully hammer them with a hammer. 5 fasteners are required per sheet - in each corner and in the center.

Step 6 Next, the adhesive solution is kneaded, applied in a continuous layer on the insulation, a reinforcing fiberglass mesh is laid on top and recessed in the solution. Openings and corners are additionally reinforced with corner profiles.

When the solution dries, the surface is sanded, dusted and plastered with a thin layer. Now it remains only to paint the facade or apply decorative plaster.

Prices for Ceresit glue

Glue Ceresit

Video - Materials for wall insulation outside

Video - Insulation of the facade with foam plastic

Thermal insulation materials perform one of the most important functions that are necessary to ensure a comfortable existence of a person in his home.

They allow you to protect the house from freezing, heat loss, etc. Without insulation, we would have been very tight. It is not surprising that now all construction organizations have turned to this topic so seriously and are trying to popularize such materials wherever possible. By the way, we recommend.

1 General information

Heaters, if you look at a special GOST, are materials for fencing load-bearing and non-bearing structures of a house.

Their the main task It consists in cutting off cold air flows and protecting the external structures of the house.

That is, heat-insulating materials are used to prevent hypothermia at home. This applies to almost all of its parts. So, most often, GOST recommends insulating external walls. Are the walls in constant contact with the outside temperature? and the point of contact they have is all over the area.

If the temperature outside is too low, then no brick will be able to withstand it. The wall will gradually freeze and cool. At one point, its temperature will drop so low that the structure will already give cold inside the room.

As a result, you will have to spend simply fabulous amounts on heating, although all this could have been avoided if you used GOST and insulated the walls as it should be.

Similarly, roofing structures also need to be equipped with thermal insulation materials, and it is best to install here. Here, the use of heaters is even more necessary. After all, unlike walls, the roof could never boast of high density.

It's just ramps stuffed onto the boardwalk and a topcoat. Through such structures, cold penetrates much faster. It is not surprising that GOST recommends using heat-insulating materials for roof insulation, which is almost twice as thick as those that need to be installed for wall decoration.

They also insulate foundations, ceilings, balconies, and other similar structures. That is, all elements of buildings that are in contact with the street, and therefore can freeze if the temperature drops.

If everything is done correctly and all the points indicated by GOST were taken into account, then the house will be protected by a kind of thermal cocoon.

The thermal characteristics and properties of the rooms inside it will increase dramatically. It has been proven that competent insulation of the walls alone increases the average temperature in the house by 2-3 degrees.

1.1 How does insulation work?

After all of the above, it may seem to you that insulation is some kind of super-expensive material with incomprehensible thermal insulation properties, but in fact it is not.

Characteristics of heaters are quite trivial. These are just special materials that are almost half air. Far from all heat-insulating representatives that are presented on the modern market have such a structure, but there are enough of them.

First of all, such high thermal insulation characteristics are possible due to thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of heaters is a parameter that is responsible for the possibility of interaction of the material with environment Or rather, its temperature.

High thermal conductivity, as specified by GOST, is available in almost all building materials. This means that a material with this characteristic quickly equalizes with the environment in temperature. It quickly gains heat, but also quickly gives it away.

In heaters, the thermal conductivity is extremely low. The average characteristics of all known species indicate that their thermal conductivity is at the level of 0.04-0.045 W / m as in. This indicator indicates that the material does not react at all to external temperature.

That is why it will be very unpleasant to sit on concrete or brick in winter, and you can sit on foam plastic without any problems.

It is these properties that allow heaters to have such characteristics. Due to their low heat transfer, thermal insulation materials protect structures from external temperature, forming a protective barrier against the cold.

2 Types of insulation and their properties

Now we should consider the types of heaters. There is a whole table of thermal insulation materials. You can find it by looking at the current GOST, which is focused on heaters. Just remember that GOST can have its own separate number, and therefore focuses on different parameters.

One GOST will normalize the dimensions of heat-insulating materials, and will also help to calculate the thickness of the insulation, while another document may focus on individual brands of insulation that are used in specialized areas.

It is necessary to select normative documentation very carefully, so as not to make mistakes when making calculations.

Types of thermal insulation can be divided into several subgroups. We will indicate here not all types of heat-insulating materials, but only the most popular ones. Each material has a whole list of its properties, which we will also consider, but only briefly.

So, most often heaters are divided into:

• Organic like ;
• Inorganic.

2.1 Organic insulation

This group includes types of heat-insulating materials, whose properties classify them as organic. There are both wood insulation and polymer insulation or other similar compounds based on recently invented chemical formulas.

Organics has a difference in thermal insulation properties, but it can burn in a fire, and this is already a serious nuance.

There are the following types:

• Arbolite;
• Styrofoam;
• From chipboard;
• polyurethane foam;
• Foam insulation;
• Polyethylene foam;
• From ecowool like.

Arbolite materials are created from wood chips, straw, light fillers and other similar materials.

All these components are kneaded in a mold and poured with cement mortar with special additives. The output is a finished heat-insulating plate, which has excellent heat-insulating properties.

Expanded polystyrene needs no introduction - it is slab insulation from polystyrene beads. Very cheap, with surprisingly low thermal conductivity, it is extremely popular in modern construction.

Heaters are rarely made from chipboard, as they are quite expensive, but such solutions are also found. For insulation, chipboard is used from their waste chips, which slightly lightens the weight of the plates and improves their properties.

Polyurethane foam is a newly invented chemical formula. This material is applied to the walls in liquid form, where it solidifies, forming an elastic soft form.

Penoizol is in many ways similar to polyurethane foam. Especially when it comes to application. It is in the same way first kneaded, and then applied with sprinklers.

Only penoizol initially has foam concentrates in its structure. And its properties bring this material closer to modern polyurethane foam.

Foamed polyethylene has unique properties. With extremely low weight and excellent thermal conductivity, the density of the insulation is too low to be used as capital materials.

But the foamed polyethylene serves as a reflective thermal insulation, in conjunction with the foil, and is also an excellent vapor barrier.

Ecowool is produced from waste paper and pulp production, as well as. The properties of ecowool cannot be called outstanding, but it is very cheap, completely safe for humans and weighs almost nothing. Dimensions insulation materials from ecowool allow you to use them almost everywhere.

2.2 Inorganic insulation

GOST refers to inorganic materials all heaters that were created from glass, stone, rocks, etc. Inorganics are more expensive, as more resources have to be spent in their production.

However, her performance is very high. Plus, inorganic materials practically do not burn in a fire. It is also important to consider that it does not matter what sizes of inorganic insulation boards will be used, in any case it will be vapor-permeable, which is also extremely convenient.

The following samples are distinguished:

• Mineral wool;
• Glass wool.

Mineral wool is so popular in modern times that almost every second house is insulated with its help. This is possible due to the unique combination of favorable characteristics.

Low thermal conductivity, convenient dimensions of the final material, hydrophobicity, lightness, incombustibility - these are just some of the useful properties mineral wool.

The only drawback of stone wool insulation materials is their cost. To create a heater from basalt, and even of high quality, you need to go through a complete process of remelting and isolating stone fibers, and this is not at all cheap.

Glass wool is in many ways similar to the previous sample, only it is produced from glass waste. It is also easy to manipulate, glass wool has good properties, and is not much inferior to other heaters, if you look only at the characteristics table.

Moreover, the fiber sizes of glass wool tend to be larger than those of the same mineral wool, which means that glass wool will better withstand tensile loads.

But she has one extremely unpleasant drawback. Glass wool, being a derivative of glass, can only be mounted in protective gear.

During installation, the fibers tend to break, which at the microscopic level leads to the formation of small glass particles. These particles can get on the skin, mucous membranes and even the lungs of a person, causing irritation and even illness.

2.3 Choosing a stone wool insulation (video)

The modern construction market offers a variety of beautiful, durable, environmentally friendly finishing materials. Nowadays, thanks to new technologies, almost any fantasy in terms of repair or design work can be realized. But as for the economics of maintaining homeownership, it must also be carefully calculated.

Unfortunately, not every material, even the most beautiful or unusual, is able to retain heat well in the room. Therefore, often the issue of wall insulation at the time of repair has to be raised quite often. And even without planning to carry out repairs, insulation is a hot topic for our country.

On the shelves of building hypermarkets are presented different kinds heaters. Puzzled by the choice of this material, for sure every unprepared buyer will be confused when he sees what a huge range of manufacturers offer us! Therefore, before going shopping, let's figure out what kind of insulation is needed in each case and how to choose it correctly.

Insulation will bring several important advantages not only to your budget, but also to the quality of your home - this is clear even without special calculations. Some homeowners find it convenient to lay insulation inside the premises, however, this is not very convenient: firstly, it reduces the living space, and secondly, it does not allow the heat inside the room to warm up the walls and thus maintains dampness inside the building.

Therefore, it is unequivocal that it is necessary to insulate the walls outside the house - it does not matter whether it is a separate household or an apartment. Properly selected and laid insulation allows the room to warm up evenly due to free circulation warm air. The outer layer of insulation retains heat and allows the walls to remain dry, which means it prevents their destruction.

As an additional bonus from the insulation, there is also soundproofing of the room, this is an important property, especially if the housing is located near a highway or a busy part of the city.

As for the aesthetics of wall decoration with insulation, modern Decoration Materials perfectly adapted to various design solutions.

What are wall insulation?

Conventionally, heaters can be divided into 2 types: organic and inorganic. What it is?

organic heaters

These are materials that are produced on the basis of raw materials from natural components. They do not contain synthetic ingredients. Cement and plastic are added to some organic materials.

Organic heaters are easy to use, because they do not get wet, are not prone to fire, are not susceptible to fungus, mold and any bacteria. It is convenient to use organic matter as an internal insulation or in multilayer structures, in the form of the first, inner layer.

There are quite a few examples of heaters of organic origin:

1. Wood concrete insulation- made on the basis of cement, and kaolin. Additionally, it contains heat-saving substances - straw, sawdust, shavings, etc.
2. Polyvinyl chloride foam insulation- based on polyvinyl chloride resins. The technology of its production is such that the resins acquire a porous structure, it can be hard or soft, and, accordingly, has a wide range of uses.
3. Chipboard. Insulation based on wood shavings, to which resins and antiseptics are added.
4. Polyurethane foam is a new generation heat insulator. It is made on the basis of polyester, by a complex chemical reaction. It has excellent insulating properties, is not afraid of moisture, pests and temperature extremes.
5. Penoizol, also called mipora. Material based on a natural emulsion of urea-formaldehyde resin. Mipora is a universal material; it is sold in dry form, in the form of blocks. If necessary, it can also be used in liquid form, poured into specially prepared containers, where it hardens over time.
6. Expanded polystyrene, or, more simply, polystyrene.
7. Foamed polyethylene. Obtained by adding special foaming additives to the liquid polyethylene mass. The result is a material with a large number of pores - which allows it to retain heat well and provide sound insulation.
8. Fiberboard. Completely organic material consisting of fine wood shavings. Cement or magnesite is used as a binder. The material perfectly tolerates wet operating conditions and can be used for warming saunas, swimming pools and similar premises.
9. Honeycomb. Unusual insulation modern type. Its porous structure consists of cells visually resembling a honeycomb - hence its name. It consists of cellulose or fabric fibers, wrapped in a film, the outer part of each panel is made of soft plastic.
10. Ecowool. Produced from waste cardboard or book production. The basis for it is marriage or the second grade of cellulose cardboard or paper. Production from waste paper is also possible, however, the quality in this case will be an order of magnitude lower.

Inorganic heaters

Made on the basis of mountain minerals, slag, asbestos or glass. These materials have been known to everyone for many years - glass wool, cellular concrete, foam glass and the like. They perfectly showed their performance properties, work at any temperature, suitable for any design.

Inorganic heaters are on sale in a variety of forms: wool, panels, slabs, rolls, and even loose. This is an additional plus, as it is possible to choose the most convenient way of laying.

There are also quite a few varieties of inorganic heat insulators:

Probably the most common heater. It can be made from slag waste from steel production or from rocks. According to the type of raw materials from which it is made, mineral wool is divided into two types: stone and slag.

The process of its production is almost identical to the production of glass, although glass production waste is often used for manufacturing. It differs from mineral wool in its structure and properties.

3. Ceramic wool. It is made on the basis of oxides of silicon, aluminum or zirconium. For production, high temperature conditions and a centrifuge are used. Ceramic wool is practically not subject to deformation, does not burn and has excellent heat and sound insulation properties.

Reflective heat insulators

As you know, classic heaters act directionally - they slow down the process of heat transfer. That is, from a heated room, whether it is a residential building or a public building, heat comes out. If you conduct a study of infrared radiation, then rays will be visible, especially strong radiation where building materials pass heat well through themselves. Therefore, trying to insulate the room, it is sheathed with various types of insulation that retains heat or prevents the free passage of infrared rays.

However, there is another approach to increasing the thermal insulation of buildings. This is the use of materials that reflect heat. The most popular of these is aluminium foil, its surface is capable of reflecting up to 97% of the heat that falls on it.

At the same time, aluminum foil is laid in one or two layers, which are subsequently covered with a layer of polyethylene - such a sheathing is very thin and practically does not take up space. And in terms of its thermal insulation, it can compete with the highest quality insulation that retains heat. In addition, it is also an excellent vapor barrier material, therefore, for buildings with high humidity - saunas, baths - such thermal insulation will be just a godsend. In other cases, it is best to consider it as an auxiliary material, for example, for finishing walls and ceilings indoors.

Choosing wall insulation

Among the huge range of heaters, it can be difficult to choose one. Consider the most common heat insulators:

For many years it has been used as a heater in various private and industrial facilities. It can be made on stone or basalt raw materials, which gives it fire resistance and fire safety. The modern one is made from volcanic fossils with the help of special equipment, reaching high temperatures. It has a specific porous structure, which determines its main advantages:

1. Excellent room insulation. Due to the fibrous structure, mineral wool keeps the temperature inside the object well, in winter the house will remain warm, in summer it will be cool.
2. Soundproofing. Also, due to the random structure of cotton wool fibers, it is able to retain at least 50% of the sound vibrations passing through it.
3. wear resistance. Produced from volcanic rocks, mineral wool is not prone to destruction and is able to last long time without needing to be replaced.
4. tightness. Subject to the correct technology for laying mineral wool, this type of thermal insulation is able to maintain the tightness of the coating for many years.
5. Mineral wool is environmentally friendly for health.

Laying this type of insulation is not particularly difficult, but, as already mentioned, it is important to follow the correct sequence of operations:

1. Wall preparation. Clear from old finish, dirt, putty cracks and chips.
2. Laying a vapor-permeable membrane. You need to do this directly on the wall, in one layer.
3. Installation of a frame made of wooden planks or metal profiles.
4. Mineral wool lining. Usually it is sold in the form of layers of various sizes.
5. Close the layer of cotton wool with another layer of film.
6. Facade cladding with finishing material. Usually in this case it will be correct to arrange a ventilated facade.
7. Installation of slopes, window sills. The old ones will have to be replaced, due to a significant increase in the thickness of the walls.

Styrofoam

Styrofoam, or its more modern counterpart - polystyrene, is a very popular material for the exterior insulation of a building. This is a common type of organic insulation, 90% air, the remaining ten percent are substances produced from petroleum products. At its core, these are air bubbles of medium and small size, enclosed in a polystyrene shell.

Advantages:

1. Low cost. Sheathing a house with foam plastic is available to anyone.
2. Excellent heat retention inside the room.
3. He is not afraid of moisture, dampness and temperature fluctuations.
4. Good soundproof material.
5. Suitable for various types of outdoor, it can be both plastered and sewn up with wall panels.

Flaws:

1. Styrofoam is very fond of small mammals. Rodents arrange their holes in it - it is easy and convenient for them. To avoid such incidents, the foam wall sheathing must be immediately sewn up with the top, decorative layer. Moreover, this must be done qualitatively, without leaving gaps.
2. Expanded styrene is not a combustible material, however, when exposed to open fire, it ignites. This minus does not have scale values, since this insulation is capable of self-extinguishing in the absence of strong gusts of wind.

The process of fixing the foam is not particularly complicated; you can insulate the house with it yourself, without involving specialists. The sequence of actions is as follows:

1. Prepare the walls. Preparation includes standard cleaning of dust, dirt and old finishes. In the presence of large cracks or potholes, it is necessary to take measures to eliminate them.
2. Set start profile. In general, such a procedure is not necessary, but this measure will guarantee accurate alignment of the skin over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe facade. Starting from the starting profile, it will be much faster and easier to work.
3. Styrofoam sheets to be prepared as necessary: we are talking about dimensions, that is, if there are windows, doors, or other elements on the wall that are not planned to be insulated, then you need to cut them out taking into account these objects. It is not difficult to cut it, using a construction or even the most ordinary knife of a suitable size.
4. Apply special glue to the foam. This can be done with a spatula, following a certain application scheme: it is important to coat well not only the corners and perimeter of each plate, but also the ends, which will later be joined to adjacent ends of the material.
5. Additionally, fix the foam panels with dowel fasteners. Recommended consumption of fasteners: at least five pieces per sheet.
6. Applying a reinforcing layer. This is usually a synthetic mesh, which is attached with adhesive or cement mortar right on the foam. Such a measure will strengthen the insulation layer and prevent it from settling or destruction.
7. Finishing work. Such a sheathing is most successfully suitable for plaster, followed by the application of textures - "", "lamb", and other relief coatings will lie well on the foam insulation.

polyurethane foam

This material, a kind of plastic, is 90% of its structure in a gaseous state. The structure is porous, with pronounced cells. In modern industry, it is successfully used not only as a heater for facades, but also as a seat filler in sofas, armchairs and the like. Visually and tactilely, it looks like an ordinary one.

This material is used as a heater, due to the following positive characteristics:

1. Good thermal insulation.
2. It also works as a noise absorber.
3. Unaffected by aggressive chemicals.
4. Practically does not absorb moisture and does not become damp.
5. Environmentally friendly.
6. Long service life - up to thirty years.

What is bad about this material as a heater:

1. Due to its soft surface, polyurethane foam is not suitable for finishing. Can only be used under panels.
2. This insulation is flammable, and moreover, when ignited, it is able to release substances that are dangerous to human life.

For laying polyurethane foam on walls, the machine method of applying polyurethane foam is also used.

Penoplex

Also this material is called. This type of insulation is relatively new, developed not so long ago, and therefore fully takes into account modern needs for thermal insulation of housing. Penoplex has a porous structure, which determines its main positive characteristics: high heat resistance, lightness, availability of subsequent processing.

It actually has a lot of advantages:

1. High thermal insulation performance. It has the highest thermal insulation characteristics of all popular materials,
2. Wear resistant. Withstands moderate loads
3. Durable. The service life of foam plastic insulation is forty years or more,
4. Does not attract rodents and other pests, not prone to the formation of fungus or mold,
5. Easy. This circumstance makes it possible to work with it on your own, without hiring professional builders, and also to perform installation work maybe even one person.

This type of polystyrene proved to be excellent both in use for private households and for the insulation of public buildings.

Of the shortcomings, you need to remember:

1. Flammability. Penoplex is not a refractory material and for fire-fighting purposes, it is necessary to apply protective measures.
2. Pretty high cost.

As for the price, given the characteristics of the material and its service life, its cost is fully recouped and justified.

Installation of penoplex is identical to installation foam panels, it is also mounted on special polymer adhesive compositions- note - they must be without acetone. But in addition to glue, of course, it is desirable to fix the insulation with anchor fasteners in order to avoid annoying troubles after a while.

Extruded polystyrene lends itself perfectly to decoration, it can be plastered, reliefs of various structures can be made.

Manufacturers

Due to the ever-increasing demand for heat-insulating materials, along with the import of imported materials - European, less often American, production, domestic manufacturers began to unfold and develop. Today, on the shelves of construction hypermarkets there are both European and Russian brands. Here are the most popular ones:

Ursa is one of the leaders in this field of building materials. This is a subsidiary of the large Spanish concern Uralita. In fact, Ursa heaters are regularly supplied to both the Russian and European markets, where they are also very popular.

The thermal insulation of this brand is produced in different variations, but the most popular variety: slabs or insulation mats small sizes. It is convenient to use them for the device of ventilated facades of buildings, insulation of roofs, floors, partition walls. But it is also possible to insulate heating mains, high-rise buildings for private and industrial purposes.

• Armacell

Well-known manufacturer of insulation materials from Germany. Heaters of this brand are known for the fact that they are produced by foaming synthetic raw materials based on rubber. This method is patented by Armacell and any other materials of a similar design are analogues or replicas of this type of insulation. The modern Russian insulation market has several standard types of Armacell insulation. They are particularly useful for heating systems, refrigerators, ventilation shafts, as well as standard heating systems with not too high heating temperatures.

• Partex

Known in the world construction markets, the Finnish company, whose production facilities are located in the cities of Poland, Lithuania and Finland. On the Russian market, this brand is represented under the Paros brand - on its basis, the widest range of stone wool insulation is presented. This heat insulator is available in the form of plates, mats and rolls of soft and rigid construction.

This insulation is popular among private buyers, it is convenient to sheathe detached households and multi-storey residential buildings. Properties of Paros heat insulators: high vapor permeability, excellent thermal insulation properties, durability and lack of deformation, make this material convenient and versatile for use in civil engineering.

• Isover

A well-known Finnish brand, in fact, is a subsidiary of a large French concern. Their insulation is made on the basis of fiberglass and is widely distributed both in Europe and in Russia and has remained popular for many years.

• Rolls Isomarket

One of the largest domestic companies for the production of heaters. Founded in 1994, since then it has been actively developing and mastering new technologies. Under the brand name Energoflex, this manufacturer offers a wide range of different heaters based on polyethylene foam on the Russian market.

• CJSC "Chemical Plant"

Located in the Sverdlovsk region, also a large Russian manufacturer. The trade brand Extrapen, produced by this plant from expanded polystyrene raw materials, confidently occupies its niche in a number of thermal insulation materials presented on the Russian construction market.

Video the better to insulate the walls

Wall insulation - milestone, it should not be missed or produced poorly. From properly insulated walls, the benefit is obvious: you protect inner part at home from condensation and freezing, keep the heat indoors, significantly saving energy resources. At present, insulation is not excessive foresight, but right choice for any house, no matter what it is built from and how well it is heated.

Modern building materials allow you to choose a heater for any finish, securely hide it, leaving the facade of the building outwardly attractive. It is also important that the compliance the right technology laying insulation is not difficult, even doing it yourself. Thus, significant savings can be made on construction works ah, without involving professionals for sheathing.

Insulators serve for a long time without needing to be replaced, once you forget about heat loss for many years to come. Take care of your home with good thermal insulation!

For any temperature regime insulation won't hurt. If it is carried out correctly, then in winter the rooms will become noticeably warmer, and in summer - cooler. Wall insulation allows you to create a comfortable microclimate, which applies not only to residential apartments and houses, but also to work premises. Having visited the store, you can be sure that modern manufacturers offer a wide range of thermal insulation for sale. It has the form of bundles, rolls, granules, powders, as well as perlite sand. In addition, thermal insulation can be represented by slabs, blocks, bricks and cylinders.

If you understand the characteristics, then you can choose the option of insulation that is needed. The main property of thermal insulation is its thermal conductivity, it indicates how much heat passes through this material. To date, two types of thermal insulation are known:

The first type allows you to reduce heat consumption, which is ensured by a decrease in infrared radiation. Preventive thermal insulation is used in most cases and involves the use of insulation with low thermal conductivity. The following materials can be used in this capacity:

Organic based preventive thermal insulation

Considering the types of insulation, you should pay attention to those that are made on an organic basis. They are widely represented on the modern market, and natural raw materials are used for their manufacture, such as waste from woodworking and the agricultural industry. The composition of such heaters includes cement and plastic.

The material is highly resistant to fire, it does not react to biological influences and does not get wet. Use it where the surface does not heat up above 150 °C. Organic insulation is used as an inner layer in the construction of multilayer structures. This includes plastered facades or triple panels.

Characteristics of wood concrete insulation

Thermal insulation on an organic basis is just wood concrete insulation, which is a new building material from:

It is based on chemical elements and cement. The additives are:

• soluble glass;
• sulfate alumina;
• calcium chloride.

At the final stage of manufacturing arbolite thermal insulation, the material is processed with a mineralizer. This type of insulation has a density ranging from 500 to 700 kg / m 3. The compressive strength reaches 3.5 MPa. The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.12 W/(m·K) maximum. It is also important to know the ultimate bending strength, it reaches 1 MPa.

Appointment and use of wood concrete

Considering the type of insulation described above, you should become more familiar with its purpose. It is used for the construction of partitions and walls in private low-rise construction. Products can be presented:

• floor slabs;
• panels;
• blocks.

The former are used for floor and roof insulation. As for floor slabs, they are reinforced reinforced concrete structures. For monolithic construction, an arbolite solution is used. To date, another type of this insulation is known - hemp concrete, the filler of which is hemp fire.

Arbolite blocks for thermal insulation are laid after applying a layer of mixture for installation. Next, a block is installed, which must first be moistened with water. The product is pressed against the previous one, its position can be adjusted relative to the main masonry using a hammer with a rubber nozzle. Excess mixture will need to be removed with a trowel. Work can only be carried out at an air temperature of at least +6 °C. The solution should be quite thick, because if its consistency is liquid, then the material will shrink.

Characteristics of insulation from chipboard

Considering the types of insulation, you should pay attention to the thermal insulation of chipboard, which is based on small chips. It is 9/10 of the volume of the material, but the rest is an antiseptic, synthetic resins, water repellent and antiprene. The density of this material is 1000 kg/m 3 maximum. The minimum value is 500.

You may also be interested in humidity, it varies from 5 to 12% for this thermal insulation. The tensile strength reaches 0.5 MPa. Absorption of the material reaches 30% of the volume. The minimum value is 5%. You may also be interested in tensile strength, it reaches 0.5 MPa.

Characteristics of polyurethane foam

Before choosing one or another solution, you should consider the types and characteristics of heaters. Among other options, polyurethane foam thermal insulation, which is based on polyester, should be highlighted. The ingredients are added:

The components under the influence of the catalyst enter into a chemical reaction, and a new substance appears. It has a high level of noise absorption, is not afraid of moisture and is chemically inert. Polyurethane foam insulation is an excellent insulation, because it is applied by spraying, so the master has the opportunity to process the ceiling and walls with a complex configuration. Cold bridges are excluded.

This sprayed insulation has a density that reaches 80 kg / m 3. When this figure reaches 50 kg / m 3, polyurethane foam becomes moisture resistant. You may also be interested in the coefficient of thermal conductivity, it reaches 0.028 W / (m K). This parameter is the best among modern thermal insulation materials.

Appointment of polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam has unique properties due to which it is widely used in various fields of human activity. This thermal insulation is used for insulation of internal and external walls, window openings etc. This material can be found on the construction sites of capital residential buildings, cottages, individual houses, warehouse hangars, potato storages and vegetable storages.

This sprayed insulation has quite important benefits, which are expressed in the bearing and heat-insulating abilities. Efficiency is enhanced when polyurethane foam forms the basis of sandwich panels used in the construction of prefabricated civil facilities. The latter may also have an industrial purpose. The cold resistance of the material is quite high, as is the waterproofing ability.

Fiberboard characteristics

When choosing insulation for your home, you should pay attention to fiberboard, which is thin and narrow wood shavings called wood wool. Cement or a magnesite component is added to them, which ultimately makes it possible to obtain fibrolite. It is offered for sale in the form of plates.

The material is not afraid of biological and chemical influences, perfectly protects against noise and can be used in humid conditions, such as in swimming pools. This insulation for the house has a density reaching 500 kg / m 3. The fire resistance of thermal insulation is quite high. The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.1 W/(m K).

Appointment and use of fiberboard

Fiberboard is used for thermal insulation of coatings and walls, and structural - for frame walls, partitions and ceilings, but only in dry conditions. Today, the main use of fibrolite is expressed in the installation fixed formwork during construction.

The slabs are not removed, according to the principle of some other types of formwork, they perform a constructive function and become part of the wall or ceiling. As for the features of use, the plates are installed in parallel at a certain distance, which will determine the thickness of the wall. After fastening, pouring with a solution, most often with concrete, is carried out. Then the system of liquid mixture and formwork is left until it hardens.

Characteristics of ecowool

Ecowool is made from waste paper and cardboard production. If you use waste paper for this, then the material will not be of such high quality. It will become contaminated faster, in addition, it will be heterogeneous. Among other important characteristics, sound insulation should be highlighted, which in this case is very high. A layer with a thickness of 1.5 cm will absorb 9 dB of extraneous noise.

The ability for thermal insulation is also impressive, but the minus is its decrease during operation. Over time, ecowool loses up to 1/5 of its volume. It absorbs moisture well, this parameter can reach 15% of the volume. When laying according to the continuous spraying method, there are no seams, which is an undoubted advantage.

Appointment and application of ecowool

The coating is widely used for sound and thermal insulation. different rooms, which may have industrial, residential and public purposes. And you can use the material for thermal insulation of the facade, insulation of walls, roofs and attics. Mostly the work is carried out by dry blowing, but the material can be applied over existing insulation.

This roof insulation allows you to get a seamless coating that solves the problem of icicles. Blowing involves the use of a special installation, in the bunker of which cotton wool is loosened, and then fed through a hose with a nozzle. This application method allows the material to penetrate into hard-to-reach areas, closing all cracks and gaps.

Cellulose insulation for the roof can be used in the repair of operated facilities and in the construction of new ones. Open blowing is used to isolate horizontal and inclined surfaces, among them are:

Inorganic heat insulators: mineral wool

Mineral wool can be stone or slag. For the production of the latter, slags formed during the casting of non-ferrous and ferrous metals are used. Stone wool is based on rocks, and a component based on phenol or urea is used to bind them. The first is the most suitable, because the mineral wool in this case is less afraid of water than the one that contains urea. Flammability this material zero.

It is able to counteract the spread of fire, so it can be used as a fire protection agent. Chemical passivity is high, but hygroscopicity is low. The material is characterized by excellent sound absorption, therefore mineral wool is used very often as a sound insulator.

Some characteristics and purpose of insulation from the manufacturer "Rockwool"

When choosing Rockwool insulation, you will need to understand its varieties. Among others, LIGHT BATTS SCANDIC should be highlighted. This material represents the best product in its class. It has a new level of quality and is used for private housing construction.

Price per square meter is the limit from 81.59 to 244.72 rubles. The cost varies depending on the size of the plates. In the first case, the parameters of the product are 800 x 600 x 50 mm, while in the second they are 1200 x 600 x 150 mm. Basalt insulation is light hydrophobized stone wool slabs based on basalt rocks.

The product is unique, and its compression reaches 70%. Rockwool insulation has excellent recoverability. It retains its original characteristics in all respects. Another advantage of basalt insulation is the use of a unique technology that provides for the ability of the plates to be compressed from one side, providing springiness. Thanks to this, the material on the metal or wooden frame much easier to install.

Thermal insulation with foil coating: purpose and application

Foil insulation can be based on different materials. The use of this insulation depends on the properties of the place where the work will be carried out; the characteristics of the material itself also matter. When laying such a layer on the floor, it is possible to increase the heat transfer from radiators, to isolate air ducts and pipelines. An excellent effect can be achieved if you install foil insulation on entrance doors, balconies, verandas and in the canopy. Before installing such material, small nails, a nail puller, a hammer and a construction stapler should be prepared. Among other things, you will also need foil construction tape. The foil should be on the inside. It is a reflector and will return heat radiation to the inside. Sometimes thermal insulation is laid on the other side, but this effect can no longer be achieved.

The purpose of the insulation brand "Izover"

Insulation "Izover" is a material made of mineral wool. It is sold in slabs and rolls, and is also made on the basis of high quality stone fiber. Thermal insulation is made from natural materials, including:

With the help of insulation "Izover" you can achieve excellent heat and sound insulation of buildings. This solution is used to insulate the facades of houses, roofs and walls, and also acts as an excellent thermal insulation for the floor. Insulation with roll insulation allows you to get a low coefficient of thermal conductivity of the surface. The material has a special fiber structure that provides excellent acoustic properties and reduces noise levels.

Thermal insulation for pipes

Today, many materials are used for pipes, among which polyethylene foam should be distinguished. This solution is characterized by high resistance to aggressive environments and impressive strength. Such a heater for pipes is produced in the form of tubes of different diameters. The pores have a closed structure, which guarantees no absorption of moisture from the external environment.

Some brands of such heaters are foil-coated and are used to minimize heat loss. Insulation for pipes can also be represented by foamed polyurethane foam. This insulation is one of the most common today and is installed by spraying onto the surface, which ensures a snug fit to the surface. Polyurethane foam withstands extremely high and low temperatures, while the properties do not decrease, and each cell remains sealed.

Thermal insulation from the manufacturer "TechnoNIKOL"

Insulation "TechnoNIKOL" is represented by a material based on rocks of the gabbro-basalt group. By purchasing this thermal insulation, you are buying stone wool, which is a non-combustible material, and the melting of the fibers occurs only at a temperature of 1000 ° C and above. This thermal insulation provides sound-absorbing and acoustic properties of surfaces. Mineral thermal insulation includes:

This TechnoNIKOL insulation in different forms is distinguished by raw materials that are used in the production process.

The use of siding with thermal insulation

Siding with a layer of thermal insulation is installed in several stages. On the first, it is necessary to strengthen the corner and side type strips to the surface. Before starting these works, it is necessary to carry out markup, draw lines that you will be guided by during the workflow. After that, you can proceed with the installation of siding with insulation.

For this, it is necessary to use self-tapping screws, which will be located around the entire perimeter of the window and doorways. As for the latter, they are framed with planks so that the installation of the cladding is not accompanied by difficulties. After that, you can proceed to fixing the panels. You need to start from the bottom corner of the load-bearing wall.

Thermal insulation under plaster

Many can be used under plaster different materials for wall insulation. Mineral wool, which has been popular for many years, is suitable for this. Styrofoam also acts as a heater for walls under plaster. However, it has a number of restrictions on its use. This is expressed in low resistance to high temperatures. This applies even to the most modern types of foam, which contain special flame retardants.

Conclusion

In the modern market of building materials for thermal insulation different surfaces a wide variety of solutions are presented. Before making a choice, you must evaluate several factors, among others and the most important, it is necessary to highlight specifications. The purpose and features of the operation of thermal insulation depend on them. If you do not comply with the requirements that apply to the external environment when installing insulation, then you may encounter its low efficiency and the need to replace the heat-insulating layer.

Insulation: types, characteristics, purpose and application

In any temperature regime, thermal insulation will not hurt. If it is carried out correctly, then in winter the rooms will become noticeably warmer, and in summer - cooler. Wall insulation allows you to create a comfortable microclimate, which applies not only to residential apartments and houses, but also to work premises.

Overview of types and characteristics of heaters, their scope

Today, the market offers the consumer various types of heaters that differ in cost, installation and thermal conductivity. In addition to these indicators, it is necessary to pay attention to other characteristics in order to have an idea of ​​​​the correct application of thermal insulation in the construction of a house.

A comprehensive assessment of the material will help you choose the right insulation for your home. Application different types thermal insulation depends not only on their properties, but also on architectural features buildings, the thermal conductivity of individual structural elements, as well as the proposed cold bridges. The insulation of each node of the house is performed with different materials.

External insulation of the loggia, balcony, basement is made with foam. Due to the fact that it can withstand loads up to 0.5 MPa and is resistant to moisture, the insulation is optimally suited for exterior finish cellars. Penoplex, being under the ground, is protected from fire and retains all its properties.

Heat insulators for exterior finish The walls of the house are chosen depending on the material from which the structural element is built. Wooden houses it is best to blow out penoizol. The high-pressure foam fills all cracks and its structure allows the wood to breathe. The high price does not always allow the use of penoizol. As a replacement option, you can lay mineral wool. Walls made of concrete, gas blocks and other similar materials are insulated with foam or glass wool. Although, in government building, they are more inclined to use glass wool because of its resistance to fire.

Inside the house, the walls and ceiling are insulated with non-combustible materials. Usually these are mineral wool mats laid in a frame. From above they are closed with a vapor barrier, which prevents the penetration of moisture to the mats and fleecy fiber into the room. If there is a lag, the overlap is blown with ecowool. To insulate the floor, a 100 mm expanded clay backfill is made, plus foam slabs are laid. A concrete screed poured from above prevents the insulation from igniting, and a reinforcing mesh gives strength to the floors.

A modern and very practical insulation for the roof is polyurethane foam. It is applied by spraying. But its high price is not affordable for everyone. Most often, traditional insulation is used for roofing - mineral wool. It is produced different sizes in the form of mats and rolls.

Properly selected according to its characteristics, the insulation will create indoors comfortable conditions residence.

Overview of thermal insulation materials

Preventive types of insulation are most often used to finish various elements of the house structure. They have a low thermal conductivity.

Organic-based insulation is made from wood and agricultural waste. To improve the properties, cement and plastic are added to natural raw materials. The result is insulation that is resistant to fire and moisture. It can withstand temperatures up to 150 degrees. The scope is extensive, but mainly used as an internal insulation of a multi-layer roof or facade structure.

Another name for the material is wood concrete. It is made from sawdust, chopped straw or reeds with the addition of cement, as well as chemical hardeners. It has a density of up to 800 kg/m3 and a thermal conductivity coefficient of up to 0.12 W/m/K. Arbolite is divided into two types:

• Structural - contains most cement, which is reflected by a high density - 800 kg / m3. Designed for building walls.
• Heat-insulating - has a lower density of 500 kg / m3 and a greater proportion of wood filler. Used as a heat insulator bearing walls, as well as for the construction of partitions.

The release form is:

• Ready-made blocks of different sizes.
• Monolithic production takes place directly on the construction site. The material is immediately used to insulate walls or floors.

Speaking of form finished product, then it is represented by even blocks of different sizes, blocks with a recess and slabs combined with concrete. The average cost of wood concrete from different manufacturers ranges from 4 to 6 thousand rubles / m3.

Another name for the material is cellulose insulation. Made from recycled paper or wood waste. The addition of antiseptics protects ecowool from being eaten by rodents and insects. Antipyrines create the effect of self-extinguishing, which increases the resistance to heat up to +232 °C. Ecowool has a high moisture absorption rate of up to 15%, and a 1.5 cm layer absorbs up to 9 dB of extraneous noise.

The approximate cost is about 30 rubles / kg.

This material is considered the best insulation gender and also inner surface house walls. It is made only from natural raw materials without chemical additives in the form of rolls or plates. The basis of the insulation is cork oak bark. The natural glue suberin contained in it allows you to abandon artificial adhesives. Cork is not edible to insects and is rot resistant. The material is divided into two types:

• white agglomerate is made from the bark of oak branches;
• black agglomerate is made from bark taken from a tree trunk.

Cork can be used as a base for wallpaper or as a finish. Thin roll material found its application as a substrate under the laminate. The price of such natural material is quite high. Depending on the modifications, the cost ranges from 800 to 4 thousand rubles. rub./m2.

Honeycomb heat insulator

The structure of the material consists of hexagonal cells like a honeycomb. Inside they are filled with fabric or paper filler, bonded with epoxy resin. Phenolic resins can be used as a fixative. In appearance, honeycomb panels resemble plastic. The characteristic of the material depends on the raw materials used in the production of the base. For example, the density of the sheet may be from 230 to 500 kg/m2.

Foam-polyvinyl chloride

PPVC heat insulator is made from foamed resins. This structure is given to them by the porousization method. The material is made soft and hard, which gives it versatility. PPVC is suitable for roof, floor and wall insulation. Its density is 0.1 kg/m3.

Many people think that chipboard is just a building material. But as a heater, the plates have proven themselves on the good side. Their basis is small sawdust bonded with synthetic resin. The density of the plates varies from 500 to 1 thousand kg/m3, and the water absorption is 5–30%.

The use of chipboard as a heater is justified for floors, walls and ceilings. The cost of the sheets is quite low, suitable for every developer. Depending on the size, a sheet can be bought for 400–900 rubles. Plates are used as the basis for the installation of a soft roof.

fibreboard

The fiberboard board looks like chipboard. Its base consists of fibers of straw, corn or any wood. It is even possible to use waste paper. Synthetic resins are added as an adhesive. The density of fiberboard is small compared to chipboard, only up to 250 kg / m3, and the thermal conductivity is 0.07 W / m / K, plus low strength.

The scope is the same as for chipboard. Low cost ranges up to 800 rubles. per sheet.

polyurethane foam

Lightweight insulation has a unique closed cell structure, which creates the lowest thermal conductivity compared to other heaters. PPU is formed from the interaction of liquid components, polyester and MDI. The action of catalysts creates a chemical reaction, the result of which is the formation of a new substance. The density of the insulation is 40-80 kg / m3, and the thermal conductivity of PPU is about 0.028 W / m / K.

PPU is applied to the insulated surface by spraying, which allows you to process any difficult areas. The optimal use of polyurethane foam is the insulation of the roof and wooden walls of the house. The cost of the material, together with the spraying work, is quite high and can reach $200/m3.

Another name for insulation is mipora. It is obtained on the basis of a whipped aqueous emulsion of urea-formaldehyde resin. Glycerin and sulfonic acid are used as additives. Mipora comes to the consumer in blocks or crumbs. Liquid it is used at a construction site. The mipora poured into the prepared cavities hardens at a positive temperature.

Low density up to 20 kg/m3 contributes to strong water absorption. The thermal conductivity index is 0.03 W/m/K. Not afraid of fire.

Styrofoam and extruded polystyrene foam

These two insulations consist of 2% polystyrene and 98% air. The thermal conductivity index is 0.037–0.042 W/m/K. They differ from each other in structure. Styrofoam consists of small balls, and polystyrene foam resembles foam rubber when broken.

Polystyrene is flammable and emits toxic smoke. Styrofoam is afraid of moisture, so it is more used for facade insulation. Extruded polystyrene foam can be in wet ground for a long time, so it is more suitable for external basement insulation. The cost of the material is low.

A common insulation for walls and roofs is mineral wool. It is of two types:

• slag wool is made from casting waste of dissimilar metal;
• Stone wool is made from rocks such as basalt, limestone, etc.

The material is not combustible, resistant to chemical attack, has a low cost. Produced in slabs and rolls.

glass wool

The material differs from mineral wool in fibers bigger size. The basis of production is the raw material used for the manufacture of glass. The thermal conductivity index is from 0.03 to 0.052 W / m / K, and the density is not more than 130 kg / m3. Glass wool is also popular for insulating roofs and walls.

ceramic wool

Produced by blowing zirconium, silicon or aluminum oxide. Cotton wool is resistant to high temperatures and does not deform. The thermal conductivity index at +600°C is from 0.13 to 0.16 W/m/K, and the density is not more than 350 kg/m3. It is used for insulation of facades and roofs of buildings.

Mixed heater

Materials are produced from asbestos mixtures with the addition of perlite, dolomite and other components. The initial state of the material resembles dough. They cover the surface prepared for insulation and leave to dry completely.

An example of a mixed type material is vulcanite and sovelite. Their thermal conductivity is 0.2 W/m/K. The cost of insulation is low, but it is dangerous to human health.

Reflective materials

Foil is used as a reflector, and foamed polyethylene creates a thermal barrier. The material has a thin structure up to 25 mm thick, but its effectiveness is equal to 100 mm thick fibrous insulation. One popular example is penofol.

Reflective thermal insulation simultaneously plays the role of a vapor barrier, so it is convenient to use it in baths and saunas. The cost of the material is low and accessible to everyone.

The main types of insulation considered today and their characteristics will help you make the right choice of material for certain building needs.

Heaters - types and characteristics, application, price of materials

Review of heaters used for thermal insulation of buildings. Their characteristics, types, application features and prices.

Types of insulation for the house and walls of wooden and frame houses

There is a wide choice of heaters for wooden houses, they can be used to insulate the house from the outside, and some even inside the house. Which types are suitable for frame house? Which is the best, consider their characteristics in this article! Properly carried out thermal insulation will not be superfluous in any climatic conditions.

• What types of heaters and why to use?

When it is done correctly, then under its “protection” it will not only be warmer in the house in winter, but also noticeably cooler in summer.

In addition, saving heat is an obvious financial savings. It is completely unreasonable to heat the street, given that the technologies used today provide an opportunity to start saving energy resources already at the initial stage of construction work. Most of all, those parts of the building that are more adjacent to the external environment - the floor, walls and roof - need the use of insulation.

What types of heaters and why to use?

The main types of heaters

Today there is a division of materials of this group directly at their destination. They also differ in appearance and shape.

On sale there are quite rigid piece heaters (plates, segments, cylinders, etc.), flexible products (cords, wide and narrow mats, bundles), as well as loose ones (perlite sand, vermiculite and cotton wool).

By structure, they can be divided into fibrous, granular and cellular.

According to the nature of the main raw materials, materials for thermal insulation are traditionally divided into organic and inorganic.

How to choose a heater?

Floor insulation

The decision to insulate the floor may be due to the desire to have a more constant temperature at home. Choosing a floor insulation, comparing characteristics various materials, preference is given to the one who will be able to withstand the considerable pressure exerted on him. In this case, its performance during compression will be important.

Well, and an indispensable requirement is the ability to maintain insulating qualities, even when exposed to heavy loads and exposure to moisture.

Types of wall insulation

Heaters for the walls of the house

Thermal insulation for this category is completely different, in addition, its type depends on the specific place of application - outside or inside the house.

For outdoor use, the use of basalt mineral wool, which is distinguished by its ability to keep its shape and durability, is considered ideal. In the course of even long-term operation, it does not become thinner, does not cake or compact.

From the inside of the building, the insulation is carried out on the basis of the possibly permissible insulating layer: the layout features do not always make it possible to make it sufficiently voluminous.

More modern way – use of paint with a ceramic base. Its layer can be small, and it is much easier to observe the tightness conditions.

Ceiling and its insulation

Mineral wool for ceiling insulation

To insulate the ceiling, mineral wool is constantly in high demand..

This is not at all surprising: it can be quite simply laid out in interfloor ceilings or in truss frame, in the required quantity. During operation, nothing threatens it there, thereby ensuring the initially high quality of insulation.

If we neglect the unique qualities of wool and the ease of its installation, then other suitable means for thermal insulation could be sawdust with clay or ordinary slag. However, these substances have not found wide application due to their considerable cost and rather complicated installation process.

Mineral wool

This name combines several different subspecies of thermal insulation materials of this type. These are slag, stone and glass wool. This insulator is made by processing metallurgical alloys or melts of various rocks: a special synthetic binder is introduced into the resulting vitreous fiber.

The material produced in this way has excellent sound and heat insulating qualities, besides it is not combustible, and therefore does not pose a fire hazard. But a huge part of the wonderful qualities of a heater can be irretrievably lost when it gets wet. This should be taken into account.

Cotton wool stone

This is a fibrous material that goes on sale in the form of rolls and portioned plates, and has an extremely low thermal conductivity.

The highest quality product is made from rocks called gabbro-basalt. This non-combustible material is used with equal success in the construction of private facilities and the construction of various production facilities. A wide range of use is also explained by the possibility of its use at extremely high t, reaching a rate of one thousand degrees.

The insulation's complete immunity to fire is complemented by its excellent moisture resistance. This is a hydrophobic material, the peculiarity of which is that it does not absorb water, but repels it.

This ensures that the insulation remains dry even after a long period of time. This, in turn, will allow her to maintain her high working qualities. The unique properties of basalt wool make it possible to use it even in boiler rooms, baths and saunas, where both high humidity and high temperature are combined. Strength in this case is not directly dependent on the density of the material.

It's pretty soft material with a sufficient margin of safety. Its structural stability is due to the special arrangement of the individual constituent fibers - chaotic and vertical. The material has high anti-corrosion properties.

It can quite peacefully coexist with concrete and metal, without the occurrence different kind chemical reactions. High biological stability provides him with immunity to various biological pests: damage by insects and rodents, the occurrence of fungal diseases, the development of rot and mold.

The basalt insulation passed the combustion test, but the organic heaters burned out

Basalt rock is the main raw material for the production of this type of wool.. Treatment with formaldehyde resins gives the material a sufficient level of strength, and the materials used modern technologies guarantee the complete elimination of harmful phenols even at the stage of material production.

The final product that reaches the consumer is a harmless and environmentally friendly material with high insulating qualities.

It is actively used for floor insulation of residential and industrial premises, for thermal insulation of roofs and facades, including as an external insulation.

Glass wool

This fibrous material is made from a mass of molten glass. Based on it, two types of insulation can be found on sale - soft mats rolled into rolls and hard slabs.

The product is characterized by high strength and excellent elasticity. As a coupling, or binding agent, as in the previous case, recycled formaldehyde resins are used.

Although not all the wonderful properties of basalt wool are inherent in its glass counterpart, it has its own special qualities. It has high plasticity, which significantly facilitates the stages of working with it, and allows you to significantly compress the material during its installation. But during operation, glass wool can cake and lose its original shape. Glass fiber is highly hygroscopic and can accumulate moisture from the external environment, accumulating it in its thickness.

We insulate the frame house with foam

Styrofoam is a fairly solid, shape-holding slab material widely used for thermal insulation of roofs, walls, floors and ceilings: both outside and inside. It is based on expanded polystyrene foam granules.

It goes on sale in plates of 1 by 2 meters, with different thicknesses: from two centimeters to half a meter. Its characteristics can vary markedly, which is why the material is selected in each case strictly individually.

Depending on the manufacturing process, two different types of foam can be obtained using virtually the same raw material:

• a porous substance is called a porous substance, the individual cavities of which communicate with each other. Further, they are also subdivided into mipore, polyvinyl chloride foam, polyurethane foam and polystyrene foam;
• foam directly - the contents of individual granules in it do not come into contact with the environment and neighboring cavities.

Styrofoam

Styrofoam in the form of bricks

Expanded polystyrene is a material that belongs to plastics with a cellular structure, has almost all the qualities necessary for thermal insulation, it:

• easy;
• hard;
• not afraid of water;
• biological infections.
• But due to low fire resistance, it is recommended to use it at t not higher than 150 degrees.

To improve this quality, special flame retardants are added to the insulation even at the production stage. To the name of such material is added symbol"C", and it is called self-extinguishing. The operational qualities of polystyrene made it a fairly popular material.

Sprayed polyurethane foam

Spraying on the wall

It is a foam material that can be applied by spraying through a special apparatus. It consists of polyisocyanate, polyester polyol and various additives.

The adhesive properties of the material allow it to be fearlessly applied even on vertical surfaces. It has excellent adhesion to concrete, plaster, roofing material, metal, gas silicate blocks.

The material is quite successfully used for insulation:

1. internal;
2. outer walls;
3. flat and pitched roofs;
4. ground floors;
5. foundations;
6. cellars;
7. joints between structures.

This cellulose insulation is made on the basis of cardboard and paper waste. Its properties are actually determined by the constituent substances. In addition to the usual secondary cellulose, some foreign manufacturers also use hay, cotton waste, and sawdust. At 81%, the material consists of carefully processed cellulose, while 12% is a mandatory antiseptic.

The missing 7% is accounted for by specially added flame retardants. Insulation fibers contain lignin, which becomes sticky with increasing humidity. All elements included in the insulation are non-toxic, absolutely non-volatile and harmless to health. Cellulose insulation is not amenable to combustion, rotting processes, has excellent soundproofing and heat-insulating performance.

Ecowool can retain approximately 20% moisture while maintaining its working qualities. The material releases moisture to the outside and dries quickly, retaining all its performance. The disadvantage of ecowool can be considered the difficulty of its manual application to the surface, as well as the impossibility of arranging a "floating floor" due to its inherent softness.

Another name for the material is carbamide foam. This modern material with high sound and heat insulating characteristics, which is a cheap insulation. It is a cellular organic foam with particularly low density and low thermal conductivity. The material has a high resistance to fire, resistance to microorganisms, low price. It is easy to handle and has an air content of up to 90%.

Insulation of the attic with penoizol

The tests carried out demonstrated the capabilities of the material. It turned out that the time of its operation, as the middle layer of the structure frame structure, the actual is not limited. Tests of its fire resistance showed that the material can be safely attributed to slow-burning.

This is the only heat-insulating material of polymer nature used, which is not at all adapted to self-combustion. Its fire resistance index refers it to the G2 flammability subgroup.

This is a special foil material (on both sides or only on one). It is a fabric made of polyethylene foam, covered on the outside with a highly polished aluminum foil. This is a multi-layered vapor, sound and heat insulating material that combines completely different qualities.

Isocom insulation with foil

With a minimum thickness of the insulating layer, it provides excellent properties of reflection of the heat flow, successfully combined with the highest (almost maximum) thermal resistance. For right established material characterized by exceptionally effective thermal insulation of the building along its entire contour.

It is a harmless, environmentally friendly material that does not pose a threat to the ozone layer. It does not contain glass or other fibers that are unsafe for human and animal health.

Without changing its exceptional properties, it serves for about 50 years, without deforming or being damaged during all this time.

Installation is quite simple and very convenient: it does not require special equipment. Excellent protection against steam and moisture. Used almost everywhere.

What types of heaters are there and which one to choose for the house?

How to choose a heater? Overview of all types of insulation for walls, floors, ceilings, roofs, attics. Wooden and frame house. Consider cheap options, find out!

There is a wide variety on the market of building materials intended for thermal insulation. Choosing a suitable heater among them can be difficult. To purchase the best products, it is necessary to take into account its main characteristics and application features.

What you need to know about heaters

The main task of thermal insulation is to reduce heat loss in winter and reduce the heating of the building in summer. Also, thanks to the insulation, the supporting structures will be protected from negative external factors. This will help to avoid deformation of the elements of the building, which will favorably affect the service life.

It is important to remember that all types of heaters must have certain characteristics.

• Thermal conductivity. If this coefficient is small, then the room will be quite warm. Thanks to appropriate materials, heat losses can be almost completely eliminated. It must be remembered that different types of heaters have a different coefficient. If it is minimal, a small layer of thermal insulation will be required.
• Moisture resistance. Thanks to thermal insulation characteristics the material will not absorb moisture.
• Fire resistance. This property ensures that the product does not undergo combustion.
• Vapor permeability. Using a layer of thermal insulation helps to remove water vapor.
• Retention of dimensions, as well as strength. Due to the absence of shrinkage, the performance properties of the selected insulation will remain for quite a long time. Moreover, there will be no cold bridges at the joints.
• Environmental friendliness. All heat-insulating materials must be environmentally friendly, due to which, in the process of performing work and operating the structure, the release of harmful substances will not be observed.

Modern thermal insulation materials conditionally are divided into several groups:

• cotton - mineral and glass wool, as well as mineral wool blocks and slabs;
• sheet - extruded polystyrene foam and polystyrene;
• foam - all materials that are customarily sprayed onto the surface using appropriate equipment;
• others - we are talking about such rare exotic heaters as cellulose, linen, etc.

Mineral wool insulation

To such soft insulation It is customary to attribute mineral and glass wool. Such materials are very popular due to affordable price and good quality. Products are produced in slabs or rolls. In this case, the products can be cut using a regular knife.

The main disadvantage is insufficient moisture resistance, due to which the heat-shielding characteristics deteriorate. Accordingly, such heaters are used for thermal insulation of structures where a waterproofing layer is provided.

Most often, glass wool is used to insulate pitched roofs. For this, a material with a density of 35 kg / m³ is suitable. Modern manufacturers do not always indicate this parameter on the packaging. Usually they write that the material is intended for pitched roofs. Using such products for roof insulation, it is important to remember that during a leak, moisture will even get on wooden rafters. For this reason it is necessary take care of reliable waterproofing . Mineral wool is not suitable for a flat roof, because waterproofing can be difficult on such a surface.

Other applications:

• using glass wool, you can insulate walls for cladding or plastering;
• for floors, thermal insulation with a minimum density is suitable.

Foam glass

Such a heater is produced based on broken glass and quartz sand, as well as a foaming agent. Thanks to the use of an appropriate installation, a durable porous material with increased thermal protection is obtained. The product is not afraid of fire and moisture. It can be cut with a simple hacksaw. Important characteristics include frost resistance and the ability to withstand high pressure. The material is produced in blocks and granules.

Most often, such products are used as bulk insulation during well masonry walls. But, subject to frame technology foam glass is not suitable due to the large weight.

With the help of such material, the facades of brick houses are insulated. The material is fixed on tile adhesive, and the process itself resembles bricklaying. After that, the coating is plastered or tiled.

Other applications:

• since the material is moisture resistant and tolerates increased loads, it can be used to insulate flat roofs, but it is not suitable for pitched roofs;
• with the help of foam glass insulation is performed floors, as well as the floors of the first floor;
• foam glass is a good option for thermal insulation of blind areas, foundations and basements, since the material has a high density.

foamed perlite

This building material appeared on the market recently. For its formation, frozen volcanic lava is used. First, perlite is crushed and then impregnated with special protective compounds. Products available in slabs. For this purpose, the finished granules are mixed with cellulose and subjected to compression. The properties of the finished material are similar to those of foam glass. In general, foamed perlite is easy to process, resistant to mold, moisture, and high pressure.

Application area:

• material for insulation flat roofs, and in the case of thermal insulation of pitched structures, a significant load will be exerted on the rafters;
• when decorating walls, foamed perlite acts as a bulk insulation;
• perlite in the form of granules is suitable for floors, as well as foundations and blind areas.

Styrofoam

There is a lot of controversy around this type of thermal insulation. Some believe that the material is harmful because it releases toxic substances, while others recognize modern views Styrofoam is more environmentally friendly.

Naturally, technology is constantly evolving, and manufacturers want to improve product quality. Exactly because of this reason modern varieties material is often used for external insulation of housing.

Application area:

• most often with the help of polystyrene, walls are trimmed;
• heat-insulating material is suitable for flooring on concrete or soil, while it is necessary to choose the right density;
• a good option for using expanded polystyrene is the thermal insulation of the foundation, but you should first take care of the availability of reliable waterproofing.

In the building materials market, you can find many heat-insulating materials that lose their relevance or appeared not so long ago.

Today, a large selection of heaters is on sale. All of them have advantages and disadvantages. To decide on the right option application needs to be taken into account. So, for roofs, lightweight insulation, including ecowool or extruded polystyrene foam, will be optimal. The latter option is also suitable for thermal insulation of the foundation, but almost any materials can be used for wall decoration.