Turkish carnation or bearded carnation (Dianthus barbatus) - a perennial, beautifully flowering plant from the genus of carnations of the carnation family, cultivated as a biennial.
- Family: cloves
- Homeland: Southern Europe.
- Rhizome: the root system is fibrous.
- Stem: straight, knotty.
- Leaves: sessile, lanceolate or linear.
- Fetus: box.
- Reproductive capacity: propagated by seeds, cuttings and layering.
- Illumination: sun, partial shade.
- Watering: moderate without stagnation of water.
- Content temperature: frost-resistant.
- Flowering duration: from mid-June 1 -1.5 months.
Description of the Turkish carnation flower
A herbaceous perennial that grows wild in the mountainous regions of Southern Europe. In the first year of life, it forms a rosette of light green leaves, petiolate, lanceolate or linear in shape. The following year, straight, knotty stems appear, 10 to 50 cm long, ending in dense corymbose inflorescences 10 to 12 cm in diameter. The Turkish carnation flower can be simple or double, of a wide variety of colors, plain or variegated, with an eye or border, and has a delicate aroma. Each of them has 4 bracts, along the edges with cilia resembling a beard, for which the plant received its second name, bearded carnation. Up to 20-30 flowers can open in an inflorescence at the same time
Fruit – single-cavity capsule with small dark brown seeds.
Below are photos of Turkish cloves of various varieties.
Growing and propagating Turkish cloves
To grow Turkish cloves, choose a sunny place and soil rich in humus. In such conditions, it blooms profusely and for a long time, although it tolerates partial shade well. The plant is drought-resistant; it is watered moderately in dry weather 1-2 times a week, avoiding water getting on the rosettes and flowers. If there is a lack of nutrition, feed mineral fertilizer, at the beginning of the season - with a larger share of nitrogen, after flowering - complex, and at the end of summer - mainly with potassium and phosphorus.
Turkish cloves in the photo.
With excess humidity and stagnant water, the rosettes can rot, so the soil around the plants is kept loose and the affected shoots are removed in a timely manner. It is useful to treat with fungicides, such as Hom or Bordeaux mixture, throughout the season.
This carnation is cold-resistant and frost-resistant, middle lane winters without shelter, in places with harsh winters The plantings are mulched and additionally covered with spruce paws. In the spring, the cover is removed after the rosettes begin to grow, which will prevent damage due to sunburn and sudden temperature changes.
When propagated by seeds, sowing is done directly into the ground in June, at a distance of 1-2 cm in a row, 15 cm between rows, planted to a depth of 1 cm. Shoots appear on the 8-10th day, after 3 weeks they are planted at a distance of 6 cm, at permanent place planted in August. Carnation produces abundant self-seeding, but the offspring do not inherit the characteristics of the mother plant.
To preserve the variety, cuttings or propagation by layering are carried out. Cuttings are harvested in June and rooted in the shade in moist soil. After 3 weeks they begin to grow, and in the fall they are transplanted into the flower garden.
In July, after flowering, the plant is pruned, loosened and fed. After a month, new shoots grow, and by autumn they can bloom again.
To obtain layering in August, the stems are laid out around the bush, sprinkled with damp soil, and the tips are tied to a support, giving them a vertical position. After 5-6 weeks, the rooted cuttings are planted in a permanent place.
This is popular garden plant. The love for Turkish carnation is explained by its unpretentiousness, very bright color, and long flowering time.
Turkish cloves have a very delicate aroma. It was named Turkish for the similarity of its aroma to the Turkish spice - clove buds. The name “bearded carnation” was given to the presence of bracts on each flower, ciliated along the edge.
Turkish cloves Description
Many varieties and hybrids of bearded carnation have been developed with pink, white, red or purple flowers. According to the texture, the petals of the Turkish carnation are simple (with five petals) and double (8-10 petals). They are collected in inflorescences with a diameter of 10-12 cm. Bearded carnation can be one-color or two-three-color, with an unusual distribution of color areas. The flowering period, which begins in mid-June, lasts a whole month. Bright colors Turkish carnation fills the garden during the period when the bulbous flowers have faded, but the summer flowers have not yet appeared. In the flowerbed and flower garden, her curtains close together into a bright festive carpet. The flowers are considered edible.
The height of the plant is 30-75 cm. The stems of the Turkish clove are erect and very strong. The leaves are green or blue-green, 4-10 cm long and 1-2 cm wide.
Turkish carnation is a perennial plant. Flowering does not occur in the first year; only a rosette of leaves is thrown out. But by the second year, bearded carnation produces peduncles 20-80 cm long. At the same time, new rosettes appear that will bloom next year.
Non-flowering stems spread along the ground, while flowering stems are straight, strong, and knotty. The fruit is a cylindrical capsule. Seeds remain viable for 3 – 5 years.
Bearded carnation is cold-resistant and frost-resistant. Prefers non-acidic, light soils rich in nutrients. Turkish carnation, unlike other types of carnations, is undemanding to light and can bloom in partial shade, but in shade the flowering is less abundant. Requires good drainage and does not tolerate stagnant water. Propagated by seeds, layering, green cuttings, and dividing the bush.
Growing Turkish cloves
Growing Turkish cloves is a simple and enjoyable task. It propagates by seeds, layering, green cuttings, and dividing the bush. It is recommended to grow bearded carnation as a biennial plant, but many gardeners preserve the bushes for several years, removing the flower stalks after flowering and covering the rosettes for the winter.
It blooms beautifully and luxuriantly only on fertile lands. Turkish carnation prefers a sunny location, but it also blooms well in partial shade.
Propagated by seeds. They are formed in fairly large quantities and are able to sprout within several years.
If you plant several varieties in a flowerbed or flower garden, then, thanks to cross-pollination, you can get a new variety with a completely unpredictable flower type and color.
Turkish clove growing from seeds
You can grow Turkish cloves from seeds in different terms. Some even sow them for seedlings in March-April. At the end of May, these seedlings are already planted in a permanent place. But the bearded carnation is unlikely to bloom this year.
You can sow seeds in May, as soon as warm weather sets in. However, most often, clove seeds are planted in the ground in June and the first half of July. Seeds can be sown both in a permanent place and in a growing bed. If you choose the second option, then the Turkish carnation can be transplanted to a permanent place around the beginning of August, maintaining a distance of approximately 30 cm between individual plants.
I usually take seedlings to my plot separate bed. I’m setting up a film greenhouse here, and the first sowing of other flowers, depending on the weather, is either at the end of April or at the beginning of May. At the end of May - beginning of June, I plant the formed seedlings in a permanent place, and use the vacated bed to sow Turkish cloves, violas and other biennials that will bloom only next year. I let the soil rest a little, then I either dig up the bed or thoroughly loosen it. If the weather is hot and dry, it is better to water the garden bed generously and cover it with film. After a day or two, you can sow.
I make furrows across the bed at a distance of 15 - 20 cm from each other, then I water them and sow the seeds. I sprinkle the seeds on top with soil. The planting depth should be about a centimeter or a little more. I no longer water the hole from above. I know from experience that if you cover the bed with covering material, the seedlings will emerge earlier and more vigorously. But even without this, the bearded carnation sprouts normally. You just need to make sure that the soil in which the seeds are planted always remains moist.
As a rule, after 8-10 days, shoots appear. After 20 days, you need to pick up the seedlings. The distance between them is 6-7 cm.
Planting seeds can be done in the fall, preferably in October. At autumn planting the soil and seeds should be dry and there is no need to water anything. Otherwise, seedlings will appear that will die at the first frost.
In the first year, a bush is formed. For the winter it is better to cover it with spruce branches. Next year it stretches by 40-50 cm, and in mid-June bright large inflorescences already appear.
Bearded carnation in early spring lends itself to vegetative propagation cuttings. If in the fall the stems of its shoots, which have bloomed and usually die, are exposed and covered with earth, leaving only the tips, then they will take root.
Turkish carnation Planting and care
Carnation Turkish landing
To plant Turkish carnations, you need to choose a sunny place in the garden with fertile soil. Then the bearded carnation will be especially decorative and will delight you lush flowering. Partial shade is also suitable, but perhaps the flowering will not be as abundant. Soil fertility also plays an important role.
Turkish carnation is propagated by seeds, cuttings, layering, and dividing the bush.
Read more here Growing Turkish or bearded cloves from seeds
If you collect the seeds yourself and sow the next year, not all plants in this case will have the same characteristics as the one from which the seeds were collected. To preserve the variety, propagation is carried out by layering or cuttings.
It is best to harvest cuttings no later than June; they are rooted in moist soil in the shade. Can be covered plastic bottle or a jar. After 3 weeks they begin to grow, and in the fall they can already be transplanted into a flower bed.
To obtain layering after flowering, the stems are laid out around the bush and sprinkled with damp soil. The ends can be tied to a support, giving them a vertical position. After 5-6 weeks, the rooted cuttings are planted in a permanent place.
Carnation turkish care
Caring for Turkish cloves is quite simple. It consists mainly of watering, weeding, loosening the soil and removing weeds. It is recommended to water at least once a week; if the weather is hot and dry, then watering is carried out 2 times a week. Bearded carnation is responsive to various feedings. During the season it is worth carrying out 3 feedings. Recommendations are common to everyone flowering plants. At the stage of intensive growth - nitrogen,
at the stage of bud formation - potassium sulfate and superphosphate, during flowering - any fertilizer for flowering plants.
In July, after flowering, the plant is pruned, loosened and then it can be fed again. After a month, new shoots grow, and by autumn they may bloom again (albeit much less abundantly).
For the winter, it is better to cover the Turkish cloves with spruce branches, dry leaves or a peat mixture. The cover is not removed immediately after the snow melts, but only after the plants begin to grow. This will protect the plants from sunburn and spring frosts.
It should be borne in mind that the plant does not tolerate excessive moisture, and when the snow melts, this is exactly what happens. If in the place where the carnation grows, there is stagnation of water when the snow melts, then it is better to remove the snow from the plantings and make small grooves through which excess water can escape. Very often I don’t cover the bearded carnation at all, I don’t shade it with anything from the bright spring rays, and it grows beautifully. But this is in the case of a snowy winter. If the winter is frosty and snowless, even such a cold-resistant plant as the Turkish clove can freeze.
"Turkish clove"
PHOTO: Pryanikova O.V.
www.chelsad.ru
"Turkish clove"
www.all-flowers.ucoz.ru
 "Turkish clove" www.chelsad.ru PHOTO: Pryanikova O.V. |
Location:The soil:Reproduction:Winter hardiness:
4. CHINESE CLOVE:
6. CLOVE-HERBS:The most commonly grown Perennial Carnations in our gardens are Carnations - Grassworts. Forms a cushion of slightly lodging thin shoots. The flowers of modern hybrids are quite large, in all shades of pink, with different patterns. Main advantages - good germination, unpretentiousness, frost resistance, bright flowers. Disadvantages include lodging of flower stalks and fragility.
7. CLOVE HYBRIDTeam group. Most varieties and hybrids were produced by Dutch Carnation breeders. They are very diverse and for convenience they were combined into 5 garden groups: 1. Carnation Shabo (see above), 2. Carnation Grenadine (see above), 3. Carnation American group, 4. Dwarf Carnation group and 5. Carnation "Souvenir de" group Malmaison." There are more than a thousand varieties of Carnations and new ones appear every year. Compared to old varieties, new varieties have repeat flowering, have stronger peduncles and different stem heights, which determines their place in the flower garden and the purpose of the flower in the design. By carefully studying flower labels, you must immediately decide on the location in the garden.
Growing Perennial Carnation - planting and care:Location:Best of all - sunny, stretches in partial shade.
Growing Shabot Carnation, in my opinion, is the most labor-intensive: seedlings, picking, pinching, hardening, gartering. But whoever is not deterred by this - the result exceeds all expectations. The flowers are huge and come in a wide variety of colors. I grew soft lemon and pink ones. Peduncles require a mandatory garter. Growing Turkish and Chinese Carnations, as well as Herbal Carnations, does not present any great difficulties. Although terry varieties may fall out in winter without shelter CLOVE OR DIANTHUS
"Chinese annual carnation" CLOVE OR DIANTHUS - very large genus beautiful flowering plants. It includes both Perennial, Biennial and Annual Carnations. Many Perennial species are grown here as Letniki or biennial plants, although in favorable winters with high snow cover they can grow in one place for several years. All of them are herbaceous plants. Carnation has a smooth, gnarled stem. Linear narrow leaves, bluish-green, or even bluish. Species Carnations have simple, non-double flowers, mostly pink, and have 5 petals. Garden carnations are most often grown in cultivation. The color of Garden Carnations is amazing! There are both bright, saturated tones and fawn in all shades of pink, yellow, lilac, white and combinations: intensifying the pattern towards the center of the flower, or, conversely, with a contrasting border around the edges, with dots and strokes on the petals. The most popular types of Carnation:1. TURKISH OR BEARDED CLOVE:
"Turkish clove"
In places of natural growth in southern Europe, the Caucasus, perennial herbaceous plant. In our climate it is often grown as a biennial. In warm, snowy winters and with good mulching, it can overwinter and grow for several years in one place. Named bearded for its pubescent bracts. The stems are straight, quite strong, up to half a meter high. The leaves are narrow, lanceolate. Flowers of the most different shades red and purple, as well as white with very beautiful patterns in the form of borders, spots, strokes, collected in a fairly large hemispherical or corymbose inflorescence. Flowering in mid-summer in the second year from sowing, long lasting. If done in a timely manner, removal of faded inflorescences can be repeated. Gives self-seeding. Has a huge number of varieties. Modern series can bloom in the first year after sowing.
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"Clove Grenadine yellow" 
"Carnation-grass" 
Turkish or bearded carnation, also known as dianthus, is native to southern Europe. This perennial in temperate climates it is grown in a biennial culture, blooming in May - June, when the spring bulbous flowers have already faded and the riot of summer flowers is just approaching.
Description of appearance
Turkish carnation (Dianthus barbatus) is a herbaceous bushy plant with many stems, some of which spread along the ground, while others, bearing flowers, rise vertically upward, curving close to the ground. Flowering shoots are knotty, hard, reaching a height of 50–60 cm. The leaves are narrow, lanceolate, with pronounced longitudinal veins. The color of the leaves and stems can be dark green with a burgundy or bluish tint, light green or a thick green tone.
The inflorescences appear at the ends of strong stems in the form of corymbs consisting of many small five-petaled flowers with a faint clove scent. Petals of varietal and hybrid plants They are fringed, with a jagged edge; varieties with double flowers are especially valued. The fruits ripen in oblong capsules, the seeds are round, brown, shiny. The flowering of Turkish carnations occurs in May - July, depending on the variety, and lasts a month - one and a half.
The best varieties and hybrids
Breeders have developed many varieties of Turkish carnation, which can be divided into three categories based on the size of the bushes:
- short - up to 25 cm;
- medium height – up to 40 cm;
- tall - up to 50–60 cm.
The colors of the flowers are varied - bright varieties are spectacular, colored in a warm palette of shades, with red, burgundy and cherry petals. Snow-white, fawn or pink dianthus are good. The varieties “with an eye” are invariably popular, in which the center of each flower is colored in contrast, which adds decorativeness to the plant.
Holborn glory
A popular tall variety that has been grown in flower beds for over a hundred years. The bushes are strong, erect, reaching a height of 60 cm. The stems and leaves are rich green. Round simple flowers with a diameter of 1.5–2 cm are collected in lush corymbs up to 12 cm in diameter. The petals are burgundy-red with a fringed snow-white fringe and an eye of the same color.
The variety is unpretentious, develops well and blooms in partial shade. Flowering is long - from the beginning of June to the end of July.
Newport Salmon pink
Medium-sized, compact bushes grow up to 40–50 cm in height. The elastic stems are covered with long lanceolate leaves of a lush green color. The flowers are small, deep salmon-pink in color, with a finely toothed edge. Round large inflorescences cover the entire bush with pink caps at the peak of flowering.
One of the best light-colored varieties opens its first flowers at the end of May and blooms throughout the month.
Nigrikans
Fabulous dark variety characterized by erect, rigid, wind-resistant stems, 40–50 cm high. The stems and leaf veins are burgundy. The inflorescences are dense, large - up to 10 cm in diameter, with purple-crimson velvet flowers marked with contrasting oblong spots white at the base of each petal.
Flowering is abundant for one and a half months - from June to early August. Bright Nigricans looks good in group plantings and is suitable for cutting.
Diabunda F1
A series of low-growing interspecific hybrids was obtained by crossing Turkish and Chinese carnations. Plants are distinguished compact shape and long-lasting, exceptionally abundant flowering. Bushes 20–25 cm high are excellent for planting in pots or balcony boxes.
The flowers are large, 2.2–2.5 cm in diameter, with a finely toothed edge and a satin-like structure of the petals. The series includes single and two-color varieties, each of which is stunningly attractive:
- Diabunda F1 Red – deep red;
- Diabunda Crimson (Diabunda F1 Crimson) – scarlet with expressive white stamens;
- Diabunda Rose (Diabunda F1 Rose) – raspberry pink;
- Diabunda Pink Pearl (Diabunda F1 Pink Pearl) – pearlescent pink;
- Diabunda Red Picotee (Diabunda F1 Red Picotee) - burgundy flowers with a wide white border;
- Diabunda Purple Picotee (Diabunda F1 Purple Picotee) - pink-purple flowers with a wide white border;
- Diabunda F1 Purple – deep purple color.
If you are interested in other types and varieties of cloves, you can find all this in the article “”.
Site selection and soil preparation
Turkish carnations are mainly grown in a biennial culture, overwinter in the ground and sprout early, forming flowers by the beginning of June, and some varieties even earlier - already in mid-May (Heimatland).
For the early growing season, well-warmed areas on a hill are allocated for a flower bed of carnations, ensuring timely drainage of melt water. Tall varieties can be damaged by gusty winds, so it is advisable to plant plants in places protected from prevailing winds.
Plants are undemanding to soil, but develop better on fertile loamy or sandy loam soils. For spring digging, 8–10 kg of well-rotted humus is added; the use of fresh manure is unacceptable.
Acidic soils are limed by spreading 5 to 10 kg of freshly slaked lime per 10 square meters. m, depending on the acidity and density of the structure - heavy soils require more lime than light ones. The structure of heavy soils is lightened by adding sand or high peat.
Carnations located in full sun bloom better, but many varieties also develop well in sparse partial shade, prolonging the flowering period. An excellent shadow and background for colorful Turkish carnations will be screens made of flowers that bloom in the same period.
Planting in open ground
Turkish carnation is most often propagated by seeds through seedlings; valuable varieties and hybrids are successfully propagated from cuttings or obtained planting material dividing the bush.
Seed propagation
Seeds are sown in closed ground in April or on ridges in May - June. The soil for sowing should be well warmed and moderately moist. Taking into account the two-year growing cycle, a free plot of the garden or cold greenhouses and greenhouses that are empty after growing vegetable seedlings are used for sowing seeds.
To grow seedlings, prepare a mixture of humus, sand, garden soil and high peat, mixing the components in equal parts. Ready-made, purchased neutral mixtures for seedlings of vegetables and flowers are also quite suitable.
When sown in April, some varieties, for example, Holborn Glory or Gypsy, may bloom already at the beginning of August of the first year, but in this case the bushes will be weakened and will not show the desired decorative effect the next year. For early years abundant flowering It is better to grow dianthus in a biennial culture.
The seeds are planted to a depth of 1–1.2 cm and mulched with humus crumbs or dry sand. If the weather is dry, the crops are irrigated by sprinkling. Strong shoots appear on days 8–10, and sometimes earlier – after 5–7 days, which depends on the quality of the seeds and soil temperature. In autumn, branched bushes are transplanted to a permanent place.
Turkish cloves work well by sowing directly into the ground without subsequent replanting. In this case, sowing is carried out as indicated above, and then seedlings are broken through at a distance of 20–25 cm. It is worth considering that in this case, during the first year, the flowerbed will look quite modest.
Terry varieties with seed growing can produce heterogeneous seedlings - with non-double flowers or non-standard sizes, with elongated peduncles and stems or, on the contrary, squat bushes.
To avoid inconsistency and obtain plants with characteristics typical of the variety, vegetative propagation methods are used - cuttings and dividing bushes.
Cuttings
Cuttings of Turkish carnation are not the most common method of propagation, but it is quite simple and allows you to accurately recreate the mother plant. Most often they resort to cuttings of terry varieties and hybrids, bicolor or with fringed petals.
Green cuttings of vegetative shoots are cut in June, in cool weather. The length of the cutting is 5–7 cm, the cut is made obliquely, directly under the internode, and the lower leaves are removed. For better rooting, treatment is carried out with the drug Kornevin: the ends of the cuttings are moistened with water and powdered with dry powder immediately before planting.
For cuttings, greenhouses, greenhouses are used, or they are planted directly into the ground, stretching a film over the plantings and maintaining high air humidity by frequent spraying. The cuttings are planted in light soil, immersed 2–3 cm, and mulched with sand or peat chips.
Rooting lasts 18–20 days, after which the film is removed and the plantings are cared for in the usual way. In September, young plants are transplanted to a permanent place.
Dividing the bush
Turkish carnation is rarely propagated by dividing the bush. To do this, in the fall in September - October, faded bushes are cut to a height of 10-15 cm and divided into sections with two to three shoots and a developed root system.
The resulting divisions are planted in a permanent place, watered and covered for the winter. The decorative value of such bushes may be significantly inferior to plants grown by seedlings or cuttings.
Planting care
Turkish carnation is unpretentious and requires minimal care. After the emergence of seedlings, the beds are thoroughly cleared of weeds, and when two true leaves appear, they are broken through every 10–15 cm. If there are 4–6 leaves, the plants are thinned out, leaving the best specimens every 20–25 cm.
Seedlings grown from seeds or green cuttings are transferred to a permanent place in September, watered and the soil is mulched. Late autumn the flowerbed is covered with spruce branches, and with the arrival of frost - wooden shields. In early spring Snow is removed from the flower beds, the cover is removed and the soil is loosened.
Feeding and watering
During the first year of growing season, two fertilizations are carried out - cloves respond very well to fertilization.
The first feeding occurs at the period when 6 true leaves have appeared on young plants, and complex mineral fertilizer is applied. Immediately after autumn transplant It is worth feeding the plants with phosphorus fertilizer to improve root formation and wintering.
The next year, before flowering, add complex fertilizer for flowering plants, for example, Kristalon pink. During the further growing season, the soil and bushes are sprayed several times with a Humate solution, which will add brightness to the colors and make the plants resistant to unfavorable conditions.
Turkish carnation tolerates lack of moisture well, but develops better and blooms longer with regular moderate watering at the rate of 8–10 liters per 1 square meter. m. After watering, be sure to destroy the crust, facilitating oxygen access to the roots.
Disease and pest control
Turkish carnations are strong plants, but in damp areas they are affected by fungal diseases, which can not only deprive the plants of their decorative properties, but also completely destroy the plantings.
- a real scourge ornamental plants. The disease is especially harmful in cool, rainy spring on stems and leaves in the form of brown depressed spots with a pinkish-brown coating, which then rot and fall out, and in advanced cases the plants die.
Turkish carnation is most susceptible to fusarium at the stage of seedlings or rooting cuttings. To prevent disease, the cuttings and soil are sprinkled with foundationazole powder before planting. At the first signs of the disease, severely affected plants, stems and leaves are removed, and the plantings are treated with a solution of copper oxychloride or a 0.1% suspension of foundationazole.
Unlike fusarium, it more often affects plants in the damp and warm environment of greenhouses, manifesting itself in the form of gray flying mold, and the diseased areas darken and die. Cope with fungal infection by ventilating and spraying with one of the fungicides suggested above. Before processing, it is important to carefully remove all rotten parts of the plants.
Defeat rust is a scattering of small reddish-brown tubercles on the leaves, under the surface of which spores of one of the most dangerous diseases develop. When the first signs of rust are observed, the infected bushes are destroyed.
At the beginning of summer, the tender shoots and flower stalks of the Turkish carnation are attacked by aphid, which can quickly deplete the plant and make it more susceptible to fungal infections. To destroy aphids, they are treated with the insecticides Arrivo, Decis, Intavir or Fitoverm several times with an interval of 5–7 days. Spraying the tops of tomatoes, onions or garlic with infusions is effective and harmless. The main thing in successful control of aphids is repeated regular treatments.
Video about planting and growing Turkish cloves
The early summer flowering of Turkish carnation allows you to create amazing beautiful combinations these colorful flowers, June and, will add freshness and color, highlight bright accent planting junipers or thujas. And even the smallest yard will be transformed if you place one of the wonderful low-growing dianthus hybrids planted in a garden pot near the porch.
Turkish cloves, or bearded carnation (lat. Dianthus barbatus)- a plant of the genus Carnation of the Carnation family. The generic name of the plant is translated from Greek as “flower of Zeus” or “divine flower”, and this carnation is called bearded for the presence of bracts with ciliated edges. Turkish clove is originally from Southern Europe. It grows on river sands, in groves, deciduous forests, meadows and rocks. The plant has been in cultivation since 1573, and today Turkish cloves can be found in almost every garden. It is used to create alpine slides, flower beds, borders and even as a ground cover plant.
Planting and caring for Turkish carnation (in brief)
- Bloom: from the end of June to the end of July.
- Landing: sowing seeds for seedlings - at the end of March or early April, planting seedlings in the ground - in the second half of May. Sowing seeds directly into the ground - at the end of May or early June, as well as in October, but before winter only dry seeds are sown.
- Lighting: bright sunlight.
- The soil: fertile, sandy loam or loamy.
- Watering: 2 times a week, with a consumption of 12-15 liters of water per 1 m² of area. In hot and dry summers you will have to water more often.
- Feeding: three times per season: when the seedlings grow to 10-12 cm, at the stage of formation of the first buds and during flowering. Both mineral and organic solutions can be used.
- Reproduction: seed - seedlings and non-seedlings.
- Pests: mole crickets and earwigs.
- Diseases: fusarium, rust and viral mottling.
Read more about growing Turkish cloves below.
Turkish cloves - description
Turkish clove is a herbaceous perennial grown in a biennial crop. It has straight, strong, knotty stems 30-75 cm high, glabrous, sessile lanceolate opposite leaves, green or blue-green with a reddish tint, and numerous fragrant, double, semi-double or single flowers with a diameter of 1.5 to 3 cm in various shades of white , red, pink, cream - one-color, two-color, variegated, velvety, with a border or eye. The flowers are collected in a corymbose inflorescence up to 12 cm in diameter, which opens in the second year of life and blooms for a month from the end of June. In the first year, Turkish carnation forms only a rosette of leaves. The fruit of the plant is a capsule with black flat seeds that ripen by August and remain viable for 3 to 5 years. Turkish carnations are grown not only for landscaping, but also for cutting: its inflorescences stand in water for up to two weeks.
Sowing Turkish cloves
If you decide to grow Turkish cloves in seedlings, then sowing is carried out in March or early April in a substrate previously disinfected with a dark pink solution of potassium permanganate. The substrate is prepared from sand and leaf humus in equal parts. Instead of sand, you can use vermiculite. Boxes or containers that must be washed before use can be used as containers. hot water with soda. A drainage layer is placed at the bottom of the container, and a wet substrate is placed on top.
Turkish clove seeds are sown to a depth of 1 cm, placing them at a distance of 2-3 cm from each other. The crops are covered with loose white paper and kept at a temperature of 16-18 ºC, from time to time moistening the substrate from a spray bottle with water room temperature.
Caring for Turkish carnation seedlings
As soon as the seedlings appear, the crops are moved as close to the light as possible, and the temperature is lowered by 2-3 degrees so that the seedlings do not stretch out. It is likely that you will have to provide additional lighting for the seedlings, since the plants need a lot of light. At the stage of formation of the second pair of true leaves, the seedlings dive into peat pots with a soil mixture of the same composition in which you sowed the seeds. Caring for Turkish carnation seedlings consists of regular watering and careful loosening of the substrate around the seedlings.
IN open ground seedlings are planted in the second half of May, when warm weather sets in, but before planting, Turkish carnation seedlings must undergo hardening procedures: the crops are taken out to open air, gradually increasing the duration of the session. At first half an hour is enough, but in two weeks the Turkish carnation from seeds should get used to the new environment so much that you can safely plant it in a flowerbed.
Sowing Turkish cloves in the ground
When to sow Turkish cloves in open ground
Turkish carnation flowers can be sown directly in the garden, bypassing the stage of growing seedlings. When to plant Turkish cloves in the ground? At the end of May or at the beginning of June, when the soil has warmed up and the threat of return frosts has passed. You can sow Turkish clove seeds in October, but do not forget that any autumn sowing should be carried out with dry seeds, and the soil should also be dry. In the fall, crops are mulched with peat or sawdust, and in the spring the mulch is removed.
How to plant Turkish cloves in the garden
Choose a sunny area for the plant with fertile soil, preferably sandy loam or loamy soil. The soil on the site needs to be dug up to a depth of 20-25 cm one to two weeks before sowing, with the simultaneous application of compost or humus and wood ash at the rate of 6-8 kg of organic matter and 200-300 g of ash per 1 m² of area. You can also add mineral fertilizers: a tablespoon of Nitrophoska and a teaspoon of Agricola for flowering plants for the same unit area. After digging, the area is covered with plastic film.
When the time comes to sow cloves, the film is removed, grooves 1-1.5 cm deep are made in the soil at a distance of 15 cm from each other, they are well shed with water, and then the seeds are laid out in them in increments of 2-3 cm. After planting the seeds, the surface lightly compact and cover with non-woven material until emergence.
Caring for Turkish Carnation
How to care for Turkish cloves
Garden Turkish carnation needs regular watering: 2 times a week at a rate of 12-15 liters per m² of land. If the summer is dry and hot, then you will have to water more often. Try to pour water on the ground so that the stream does not fall on the plant itself, otherwise it may get sunburn. However, if the carnation grows in lowlands, be careful with watering, otherwise the plant may develop root rot from waterlogging: as soon as you find that the Turkish carnation is shedding its root rosettes, treat it with a solution of 40 g of HOM in 10 liters of water.
Growing Turkish cloves involves adding fertilizer to the soil. The first fertilizing is carried out when the seedlings reach a height of 10-12 cm. As a fertilizer, use a solution of one tablespoon of Nitrophoska and one tablespoon of Agricola Forward in 10 liters of water. The next time the plant is fed at the stage of formation of the first buds: a tablespoon of superphosphate and potassium sulfate is diluted in 10 liters of water. During flowering, add a solution of 1 tablespoon of Agricola for flowering plants to the soil in 10 liters of water.
After watering, rain and fertilizing, the soil around the plants must be loosened to prevent rapid evaporation of moisture. Do not forget to also remove weeds in a timely manner and cut off faded stems at a height of 10-15 cm from the ground: in a month the carnation will grow new shoots, and by autumn it may bloom again.
Although the perennial Turkish carnation is a frost-resistant plant, it will survive the winter better under a layer of peat or humus 8-10 cm thick. In general, with favorable conditions And good care The lifespan of a perennial carnation is 5-6 years, and in less fortunate circumstances - at most 2-3 years.
Pests and diseases of Turkish cloves
Under normal conditions, the Turkish carnation usually does not get sick, and insects rarely damage it, but sometimes troubles do happen, and you need to be prepared for them. What can cause Turkish carnation diseases in the garden? In addition to being sensitive to heavy metals and urban smoke, it can be affected by:
- fusarium – fungal disease, destroying the plant’s vascular system. The leaves of the carnation evenly turn yellow, wither, but do not fall off, the stem turns red or turns brown, the flowers do not open completely or do not open at all, the basal part of the stem and the root system of the plant rot. Sick specimens must be destroyed immediately, while healthy plants and the soil around them are treated fungicidal drug in two stages with an interval of 10-15 days;
- rust is also a fungal disease that affects the leaves, petioles and stems of cloves: brown swellings with yellowish spots appear on them, the plants are depressed, the stems dry out and break. The disease progresses against the background high humidity soil, excess nitrogen and lack of potassium. When signs of disease appear, plants are treated with one percent Bordeaux mixture, a solution of the drug XOM or any other fungicide with a similar effect;
- mottling may appear in spring in the form of spots on leaves without clear contours, deformation of flowers and variegation. There is no cure for this viral disease, so affected plants are destroyed.
Of the pests, the Turkish carnation can be annoyed by mole crickets and earwigs that damage the roots, from which the seedlings, young shoots and flowers of the plant suffer. The fight against mole crickets and earwigs is carried out by such means as digging up the soil in the fall and setting up traps: dig a hole, fill it with manure and cover it with something from the rain. The mole crickets will gather in a hole to spend the winter in the warmth, and in the spring they can be destroyed. In the summer, mole crickets can be killed by pouring a concentrated soap solution into the passages leading to their nests, and for earwigs, bait is laid out around the area in the form of piles of wet grass or half-rotted hay covered with planks, into which the pests crawl to hide from the heat.
Unlike other types of carnations, which are long-day plants, domestic Turkish carnations can grow in partial shade without compromising health and decorativeness. Optimal temperature for the plant 15-18 ºC.
Turkish cloves need fertile, neutral soil, for example, a mixture of leaf soil, sand, peat and turf soil in a ratio of 1:1:1:2. Before planting, the mixture is disinfected. When transplanting, the root collar should remain level with the surface of the site. To form a more lush bush, young carnations are pinched as soon as it has 5-7 pairs of leaves.
You need to water the cloves abundantly - the earthen lump in the pot should not dry out. Water for irrigation is used soft, at room temperature. In the evening, during the hot summer, Turkish cloves are sprayed.
Starting from the age of one month, carnations are fed every ten days with complex mineral fertilizer for flowering plants. Dilute fertilizers in water with the addition of milk and spray the soil in the pot with a spray bottle with this solution. Feeding is applied from spring to October, in winter time the plant is not fed.
Turkish cloves can be affected at home spider mites, aphids and mealybugs. Wash away the pests soap solution, then spray the plant with an infusion of tansy, celandine or yarrow, but if these measures do not give results, treat the Turkish carnation with Actellik, Aktara or other insectoacaricide.
Varieties of Turkish cloves
The most common varieties of Turkish cloves are:
- Diadem– bushes up to 45 cm high with shoots and leaves of dark green color with a red tint and dark red nodes. Dark carmine flowers with a large white eye and serrated edge petals are collected in an inflorescence up to 10 cm in diameter;
- Scarlet Beauty– bushes 45-50 cm high with dark green leaves and shoots and bright red flowers up to 23 mm in diameter with petals serrated along the edge;
- Heimatland– bushes up to 50 cm high with shoots and leaves of dark green color with a dark red tint. The flowers are dark red, up to 2 cm in diameter, with an eye and petals deeply serrated along the edge. The inflorescences of this variety are up to 12 cm in diameter;
- Lakhskenigin– a variety about 45 cm high with large inflorescences of salmon-pink flowers;
- Schneebal– white Turkish carnation up to 40 cm high with green leaves and shoots. Terry flowers with jagged edges of the petals are collected in inflorescences up to 11 cm in diameter;
- Weiss Risen– bushes up to half a meter high with green leaves and shoots and white flowers with a diameter of up to 25 mm, collected in inflorescences up to 12 cm in diameter;
- Kupferrot– bushes up to half a meter high with dark green leaves and shoots and copper-red flowers up to 22 mm in diameter with jagged edges. Inflorescences reach a diameter of 9-10 cm;
- Egyptian– a variety up to 60 cm high with narrow burgundy leaves and catchy dark burgundy flowers with a white border;
- Undine– this variety has purple flowers with a white center and a white border.
The Holland variety has also gained popularity - a group of varieties about 60 cm high with branched stems and multi-flowered inflorescences up to 12 cm in diameter. Cut flowers from this series last up to two weeks.
